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Studies in the Genus Pleospora. Vii

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Studies in the Genus Pleospora. Vii March, 1952] WEHMEYER-PLEOSPORA 237 RCSSELL, R. S., AND R. P. MARTIN. 1949. Use of radio­ SHAHMAN, B. C. 1945. Leaf and bud initiation in the active phosphorus in plant nutritional studies. Nature Gramineae. Bot. Gaz. 106: 269-289. 163: 71-72. SMITH, G. F., AND H. KERSTEN. 1941. Root modifications SAX, K. 1940. An analysis of X-ray induced chromosome induced in Vieia [aba by irradiating dry seeds with aberrations in Tradescantia. Genetics 25: 4.1-68. soft X-rays. Plant Physiol. 16: 159-170. STUDIES IN THE GENUS PLEOSPORA. VII Lewis E. Wehmeyer IN A PREVIOUS PAPER (Wehmeyer, 1952b), it was definitely inequilateral or curved. In P. alismatis, pointed out that the two types of septation char­ with similar spores, the nine-septate condition is acteristic of the leptosphaeroid and vulgaris series fixed. In P. rubicunda the ends of the ascospores in the genus Pleospora tend to converge above the are still more broadly rounded and the spores may five-septate level, and that very often both types of become eleven-septate, by the formation of secon­ septation appear in the same spore. In that paper, dary vulgaris septa in four of the central cells. the species with spores showing an asymmetric sep­ In P. morauica and P. saponariae, this type of tation were arbitrarily taken as representing the septation is well illustrated, for there is great varia­ leptosphaeroid series and discussed as such. bility in the septation of spores of varying maturity The present paper is to deal with those species showing this progression. The secondary vulgaris which show a similar but symmetric septation in type of septation may occur in any of the four cen­ the ascospore, and which present a more or less tral cells of the spores of these species, but this is parallel group. often delayed, or these septa are fainter than the The species of Pleospora with five-septate spores transverse septa first laid down. P. morauica has of the vulgaris type have already been considered a spore form similar to P. abscondita and differs (Wehmeyer, 1952a). There are some five recog­ from that species chiefly in the more symmetric nizable species (known to the writer) which rep­ mode of laying down the septa in the spore. P. resent the seven-septate condition, which arises by saponariae has larger spores approaching those of the insertion of a secondary transverse septum in P. rubicunda in form. each of the end cells of a five-septate spore. All of In table 1, data are given concerning host, and these species differ from P. trevoicola, previously spore, ascus and perithecial measurements of the discussed (Wehmeyer, 1952b), in the more con­ individual collections discussed. It is interesting to stantly symmetric spores. note that nearly all these species, except P. henning. Three of these species occur on monocotyledons. siana and P. saponariae, which are distinctive in P. punctata, on Scirpus, has small perithecia on other respects, have spores within a very similar limited gray spots, and ascospores which are some­ size range, i.e., 25--40 fL, which again corresponds what rounded above and asymmetric in form. P. to the size range previously chosen for P. herbarum, thurgoviana, on Typha, has larger perithecia on This is the most variable range of Pleospora spores, extended grayish areas of the stem, and more sym­ and details of form and septation must necessarily metric spores. P. heleocharidis, on grasses and be carefully considered. sedges, shows no discolored areas on the stem and Collections are referred to throughout this paper has spores with more sharply tapered ends and less by number. The data for these numbered collec­ constriction at the septa. tions are given at the end of the paper. On dicotyledons, P. tomentosa differs in the PLEOSPORA PUNCTATA Wehm. in Lloydia 9: 214. densely tomentose perithecia and P. henningsiana 1946.-lnasmuch as this species has already been has large perithecia of the type found in wood­ described by the writer, its description will not be inhabiting species, and has large, more cylindric repeated here. The spores (fig. 1) differ from ascospores. those of P. trevoicola in being larger (2~30X10­ The transition to the nine-septate condition is 14",), more asymmetric in form and more con­ seen in P. pleosphaerioides, the ascospores of which stantly seven-septate. The perithecia are small often show a tertiary septum in each of the end (120-150fL) and on small, limited, grayish-colored cells. Its perithecia are strongly setose. areas. In P. minor there are occasional septa in addi­ Collections: 272 (type) on Scirpus from Wyom­ tion to the typical seven, showing this same ten­ ing. dency in a group with somewhat different form of PLEOSPORA THURGOVIANA Wegelin in Mitt. Thur­ ascospore; i.e., with more rounded ends and more gauischer Natur£. Ges. 12: 9. 1896.-Perithecia 200--400X 200-250"" globose to somewhat de­ 1 Received for publication October 27, 1951. Papers of the Department of Botany of the University of pressed, immersed beneath the somewhat grayish Michigan No. 962. discolored surface of the stem; grayish areas 3--4 238 AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY [Vol. 39 Mar<;h, 1952] WEHMEYER~PLEOSPORA 239 TABLE I. Comparison 0/ host, spore, ascus and perithecial measurements 0/ species discussed. ColI. No. Host Spores Asci Perithecia p. p. p. Pleospora punctata 272 Scirpus 26-30(33) X 10-14 7S-8SX21-2S 120-1050 Pleospora thurgoviana 271 Typha --_.-- 26-30X9-11 90--140X 1.3-21 300-400 Pleospora heleocharidis 330 Calamagrostis 25-35X9-12.S 90-125X21-26.S 350-400 255 Grass --- 28.5-35X 10-11 115-140X 23-25 300 353 A ira ----------------------------- 32-39X10-11 115-160X23-26 200-350 669 H eleocharis _____ 34-38X 10-11 80-85X 28-31 Pleospora tomentosa 277 Herbs -----~- 23-30X8..5-10.5 100-140X13-20 250-350, T 280 Castilleja _ "---------_.--._---------- 28-35X 10.5-12.5 85-108X 19-23 300-400, T 278 Rudbeckia "0. ______ • _____ 26-35X9-10 78-9SX20 300-350, T Pleospora pleosphaerioides 273 Gilia -----------.--- --- ._-_._._--.-------- 32-39X9.5-12 160-200X17-19 400-500,S Pleospora hennuigsiana 283 Stems 39-44X12-14 110-160X20-35 500-700 284 Salix --- 40-44X12-14 140-160X26-35 700-900 Pleospora moravica 282 Salsola ----------------_.. - 23-26(33) X8-l0 106-140X12.5-14 350-500 489 Vitis -- 26.5-30X9-10 13S-150Xl4-21 350-800 286 Salix --.- ---------------------------- 26-35X8.5-9.5 140-175X16-21 500-700 Pleospora saponariae 497 Sapon.aria 48-57X 16-18 124X,3S 100-1050 Pleospora minor 276 Grass 2I.5-26.5X7-7.4 8S-170Xl4-19 2050 Pleospora alismatls 285 Alisma 26-33X7-9.5 805-110(60) X12.'s-18 300-0500 Pleospora rubicunda 346 Brachypodium 23-27 (30) X8.'s-1O IlS-130X2I.,S 250-350 287 Aconitum 26-32X9-11 160X21-25 250-350 288 Stems ___ 27-30X8-9 l25-150Xl4-19 200-400 289 Aconitum 30-39X9-12 140X21 300-400 290 Aconitum 32-37X11-13 90-110X21 250-400 P. rubicurula var. americana 0526 Pedicularis 30-38Xl1-12.5 140-160X21-26 250-300 5205 Potentilla 32-37X12's-l's 160 -180X16-21 400 em. in extent; erumpent as scattered papillate osti­ ity, 90-140X13-31"., imbedded among numerous oles; wall 20-40". thick, of dark brown parenchyma interthecial strips. above, thinner and lighter colored below. Spores (fig. 2) hiseriate to overlapping umserr­ Asci clavate, with a claw-like base and a slightly ate, fusoid-cylindric to oblong-ellipsoid, mostly thickened wall, becoming more elongate at matur- seven-septate, red-brown, symmetric, inaequilateral Fig. 1-13.-Fig. I. Ascospores from the type eolleetion (272) of Pleospora punctata Wehm.-Fig. 2. Ascospores from the type collection (271) of Pleospora thurgooiana Wegelin.-Fig. 3. Ascospores from the type collection (669) of Pleospora heleocharidis Karst.-Fig. 4. Ascospores from the type collection (278) of Pleospora tomentosa Wehm.­ Fig. 5. Ascospores of Pleospora heleocharidis Karst., from collection No. 330 (b) and No. 3053 (c).-Fig. 6. Ascospores from the type collection (273) of Pleospora pleosphaerioides Wehm.-Fig. 7. Ascospores from the type eollection (286) of Pleospora moraviea (Petr.) comb. nov.-Fig. 8. Ascospores from the type collection (276) of Pleospora minor sp. nov.-Fig. 9. Ascospores of Pleospora henningsiana Ruhl., lahn & Paul, from collections No. 283 (a) and '10. 284 (b).-Fig. 10. Ascospores of Pleospora rubicunda Niessl, from collection No. 287 (a) and No. 288 (b).­ Fig. II. Ascospores from the type eollection (285) of Pleospora alismatis E. & E.-Fig. 12. Ascospores of Pleospora rubicunda val'. americana val'. nov., from collection No. 05205 (a) and the type collection. No. 0526 (h).-Fig. 13. Asco­ spores from the type eolleetion (497) of Pleospora saponariae (Frag.) comb. nov. 240 AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY [Vol. 39 or somewhat curved, slightly constricted at the er, in this material, but no clathrate spores were septa, ends bluntly rounded, 26-30X9-11,u. seen. The identity of P. punctiformis is still doubt­ Collections: 271 (type) on Typha from Switzer­ ful. land. The descriptions of P. karstenii (P. arctica) and This description is taken from what is apparently P. heleocharidis are very similar, although these type material, although the spores were originally species are supposed to be distinct. The original given as "35-40XI0-14, rarely 26XI0/-t." Nota­ description of P. heleocharidis gives very large tions on the packet state that it belongs in "Pleospora spores, 45-55X 13-16,u. Berlese (1900) , again punctiformis" and in "Clathrospora," but no indi­ from type material, gives the spores as 42-48X 13­ cation of a clathrate condition of the spores was 15,u.
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