IAEAINIS-18 (Rev.O) ORIENTATION MANUAL FOR INIS AND AGRIS (OMINAS)
INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY, VIENNA, FEBRUARY 1979 Reports in the INIS Reference Series available in February 1979.
1AEA-1NIS-1 (Rev.4) INIS Descriptive Cataloguing Rules 1AEA-1NIS-2 (Rev.3) INIS Descriptive Cataloguing Samples IAEA-INIS-3 (Rev.5) INIS Subject Categories and Scope Descriptions IAEA-lNlS-4(Rev.l) INIS Instructions for Submitting Abstracts IAEA-IN1S-5 (Rcv.3) INIS Terminology and Codes for Countries and International Organizations IAEA-INIS-6(Rev.ll) INIS Authority List for Corporate Entries and Report Number Prefixes lAEA-lNIS-7(Rev.I) INIS Magnetic and Punched Paper Tape Codes and Character Sets lAEA-INIS-S(Rev.l) INIS Paper Tape Specifications and Record Format IAEA-1NIS-9 (Rev.2) INIS Magnetic Tape Specifications and Record Format lAEA-lNIS-lO(Rcv.l) 1NIS Transliteration Rules for Selected Non-Roman Characters 1AEA-1NIS-11 (Rev.7) INIS Authority List for Journal Titles IAEA-lNIS-12(Rev.2) INÏS Manual for Indexing- lAEA-IN!S-13(Rev.l6) INIS Thesaurus lAEA-INIS-13(Rev.l0)(F) INIS Thésaurus, version française IAEA-INIS-13(Rcv.lO)(D) INIS Thesaurus Deutsche Ausgabe IAEA-lNIS-14(Rev.l) INIS Description of Computer Prograpti IAEA-INIS-15 (Rev.O) INIS Self-Teaching Manual for Descriptive Cataloguers 1AEA-1NIS-16 (Rev.O) INIS Subject Indexing Samples IAEA-lNIS-17(Rev.O) First Steps on STAIRS IAEA-INIS-18 (Rev.O) Orientation Manual for INIS and AGRIS (OMINAS)
Stocks of the following forms may be ordered by centres participating in INIS: INIS Form 1 (Rev.5) (INIS Worksheet: Bibliographic and Indexing Data) INIS Form 3 (Rev.O) (INIS Worksheet: Abstracts)
Organizations participating in the INIS network may obtain forms and reasonable quantities of reports in the INIS Reference Series on application to: INIS Section International Atomic Energy Agency P.O. Box 590 A-1011 Vienna Austria ORIENTATION MANUAL FOR INIS AND AGRIS (OMINAS)
Compiled by
M-H. Binggeli, IAEA
INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY VIENNA, FEBRUARY 1979 Printed by the IAEA in Austria © IAEA, February 1979 ISBN 92-0-178279-9 FOREWORD
Access to information is considered every man's right. As technological development increases, rapid access to relevant information becomes more and more of a necessity. With the rapid growth of published literature, however, individual centres find it increasingly difficult to cope with the situation and the need for economy of effort, cost and time becomes more pressing. Advances in communications technology permit the transfer of information on a more rational basis, namely in the form of cooperative pooling of effort. The result can be measured in terms of greater efficacy of coverage, speed of communication, and economy.
This manual is intended as a basic introduction to two important computerized information systems which serve a world-wide international community. They represent something new in international cooperation since they operate on a decentralized, work-sharing basis. INIS (International Nuclear Information System) and AGRIS (International Information System for the Agricultural Sciences and Technology) cover subject areas which differ widely, yet the basic concepts underlying their operation and structure are very similar. The guiding principle is one of shared responsibility which starts with the development of the system itself and extends to the collection and preparation of relevant documents by the national centres, the documents then being passed to the International Atomic Energy Agency in Vienna for processing, merging, and distribution.
The collaborative efforts which arc the basis for both information systems arc directly inspired by the concept of UNISIST, the Intergovernmental World Science Information System, which aims at promoting a worldwide network Programme for Co-operation in the Field of Scientific and Technical Information.
The manual is divided into 4 parts. The first is intended as a general introduction to both systems, and gives a bird's-eye view of the principles involved in their operation. It can also form the basis of a simple orientation course on either system. The second and third deal with INIS and AGRIS. respectively, and offer orientation in considerably greater depth. The last part deals with the computer aspects of both systems. Since each pan is meant to be complete in itself, a certain amount of duplication has, at times, proved inevitable.
The reader who wishes to gel still more detailed information is advised to study the various documents which constitute the reference scries and authorities for INIS or AGRIS. and to obtain information on the various training programmes in INIS or AGRIS. or on joint programmes, from their national INIS or AGRIS Liaison Officers. Their addresses are given in each issue of INIS Alomindex for INIS, and al the end of each issue of AGR1NDEX. Such information can also be obtained from the INi'S Section (IAEA. P.O. Box 590. A-1011 Vienna, Austria) for INIS, and from the AGRIS Coordinating Centre (FAO, Via délie Terme di Caracalla, 00100 Rome, Italy) for AGRIS.
iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
"OMINAS" was conceived as the result of the many enquiries made at different times by different people on different aspects of INIS and AGR1S. An attempt has therefore been made to meet this need for a general overall introduction to the two systems. The work on the production, development, maintenance, input, and output utilization requires various kinds of expertise, which accounts for the four parls of OMINAS and their different authors.
The collaborative effort underlying this orientation manual has involved many individuals. In compiling and writing a "bird's eye view" of the two systems it has been necessary to consult numerous staff members who have given generously ! of their time, in terms of advice and friendly criticism. Their help has been invaluable. Grateful acknowledgement is made to them, in particular to Mr. E. Bruncnkant, Mr. A. Bcniaminov, Mr. H. Groenewegcn, and Mr. D. Davis for encouragement and some stimulating discussions: to Mrs. E. Ruckenbauer (IAEA) and Mrs. M.T. Martinelli (FAO) in Part 1 ; to Mr. P. Lcfcbvre on the work of the INIS Clearinghouse; to Mr. C. Todcschini for checking the section on the Thesaurus; and to Mrs. L. Allen, formerly of FAO, and Mr. J. Judy, FAO, for help in Part 3. Finally, special thanks are due to Miss V. Connolly for unstinting work under great pressure on the secretarial side, and to the staff members in Documents Control, especially Mr. E. Netecr and Mr. G. Lane.
The manual was first used, in draft form, at the Orientation Course of the INIS/AGR1S Training Programme held in Vienna from 31 May to 24 June 1977.
The present version includes several appendices not available before, a list of basic references, and a subject index.
Any comments in connection with this manual should be addressed to the Head of the INIS Section, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna.
AGRIS, respectively, and offer orientation in considerably greater depth. The last part deals with the computer aspects of both systems. Since each part is meant to be complete in itself, a certain amount of duplication has, at limes, proved inevitable.
v
INTRODUCTION
Specific information systems are developed in order to simplify life for the person in need of some specific information, and those who need to supply it. An international system involves transferring information on an international scale, and should reduce duplication of effort on the part of individual centres each trying to cope with a burden too big for them. The information thus made available should be more complete, up-to-date, accessible and economical than collections feasible at a national level.
INIS, the International Nuclear Information System, announces most of the world's significant literature dealing with the various aspects of the peaceful uses of nuclear science and technology.
AGRIS, the International Information System for the Agricultural Sciences and Technology, covers - as its name implies - a very wide range of subjects in the agricultural field.
To ensure the necessary speed in data handling on such a scale, a computer-based system is required. In view of the many different languages involved. English was selected as the common carrier-langi'age for both systems.
INIS and AGRIS both operate on a work-sharing and cost-sharing principle. Each system independently pools information received from its member countries and organizations, thus establishing a "data base ". Duplication of information collecting, cataloguing and processing is prevented by doing this work once only in and by the country where such information is produced, and then centrally merging this new information in a world file.
The data base is concerned with relevant documents produced in the member country, i.e. documents which fall within the range of interest (the subject scope) defined for each system.
The usefulness of an information system lies not so much in the fact that it represents a large collection of information but that references relevant to a particular subject can be located easily and quickly when required. The information stored on each document must permit its later identification in a search. Special rules need to be followed in preparing an entry for each document. It is the entry that is stored in the system, not the document. The system is computerized, so that entries have to be set up in a form suitable for computer processing. All the material sent by the different centres, the so-called input, is merged at a central collecting point, and the product, consisting of the entire merged data, is then distributed to members contributing to the system. This product is called the output. The main output products are a printed journal arranged by subject, which appears periodically, and an information service on magnetic tape for countries which can utilize such "machine-readable" products.
All this will be discussed more fully in the appropriate sections.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Foreword iii Acknowledgements v Introduction - ••• vu"
PART 1. GENERAL
1.1 Definition of information systems ••• 1 1.1.1 Type 1 1.1.2 Character of information stored 1 1.13 Information exchange 1 1.1.4 Subject scope • - • - • • • ^ 1.1.5 Coverage . • - 4 1.1.6 Baste procedures and operation - - • • ^ 1.2 Historical survey: Early beginnings to present-day output products 7 1.2.1 1N1S 7 1.2.2 AGRIS • • 11 1.3 . INIS and AGRIS ...... 14 1.3.1 Characterizing a document . • 14 (a) bibliographically • 14 (b) by subject . 14 1.3.2 Forms of input 17 (a) Worksheet . . • • • 17 (b) Machine-readable form 17 1.3.3 Forms of output . 20 (a) Printed products: 1. Atomindex and AGRINDEX 20 2. 1AEA-1N1S Reference Series 22 FAO/AGRIS Reference Series 23 (b) Magnetic tape services 23 (c) Microfiche services ...24 1.3.4 Training 24 (a) INIS • • 24 (b) AGRIS 25
PART 2. INIS
2.1 Input 27 2.1.1 Characterization of document 27 (a) bibliographically 27 (b) by subject . 28 2.1.2 Forms of input 39 (a) Worksheet 39 (b) Machine-readable form 45 2.2 Output products • - 46 2.2.1 1N1S Atomindex 46 2.2.2 Magnetic tape services ....50 2.2.3 Microfiche services • •••••• ^1 2.2.4 lAEA-INIS-Reference Series and related Manuals 52 (a) Manuals for descriptive cataloguers 52 (b) Manuals for classifiers and subject specialists 54 (c) Manuals for analyst/programmers 55 2.3 Responsibilities of lN'iS Participants . . 55 2.3.1 Appointment of Liaison Officer 55 2.3.2 Collection of national published literature 56 2.3.3 Preparation of input to INIS - 56 2.3.4 Utilization of output products . 56
ix 2.4 Responsibilities of INIS Secretariat at IAEA, Vienna 57 2.4.1 Processing 57 (a) Input 57 (b) Output 58 2.4.2 System maintenance and development ...... 58 (a) Standards and authorities (including publication) ...... 58 (b) New methods and equipment (development and/or acquisition, adaptation and testing; standards) V 59 2.4.3. Computer aspects 59 (a) Local Facilities 59 (b) System aspects •• 59 (c) Routine tasks 59 2.4.4 Information retrieval 60 (a) Local facilities . .. . 64 (b) Retrieval services 67 (c) Training 67 (d) Documentation on retrieval 68 2.4.5 Quality control • 68 (a) Indexing consistency -.: 68 (b) Statistical checks (indexing, abstracting) 69 (c) Retrieval • 69 2.4.6 Training 70 (a) Training seminars. Workshop type training • • (b) On-the-job training 70 (c) Self-teaching tools .72 2.4.7 Co-ordination with Member States and Organizations 72 (a) Consultation •'. 72 Technical Notes .72 Specific panels . . . . 73 Specific'Working groups 73 (b) Notification • .73 Circular Letter to Liaison Officers 73 Statistical data . 73 INIS Newsletter 76 (c) Annual Meeting of Liaison Officers '. . 76 (d) Meeting of INIS Advisory Committee 76 2.4.8 Input preparation of IAEA publications . • 76 2.5 Organization and staffing of INIS Secretariat ...... 77 2.6 Plans for the future 79 2.6.1 Networking 79 2.6.2 Data flagging and tagging 80 2-A.l Appendix — Availability and cost of INIS Services 81 2-A.2 Appendix — Member States and Organizations 88 2-A.3 Appendix - INIS Liaison Officer 89 2-A.4 Appendix — Matrix of bibliographic data elements 93 2-A.5 Appendix — Input preparation 94 2-A.5.1 Example of journal article prepared for (a) INIS '• .... 94 (b) AGRIS .96 2-A.5.2 Example of IAEA Panel Proceedings, prepared for (a) INIS . 97 (b) AGRIS . . . .101 2-A.6 Appendix — Abstracts of journal article above 2-A.6.1 Informative abstract . "'.... 103 2-A.6.2 Indicative abstract ' . .104 2-A.7 Appendix — Document retrieval 2-A.7.1 Sample search on both data bases .105 2-A.7.2 INIS ...... 112 2-A.7.3 AGRIS .121 2-A.8 Appendix — Alternative forms of machine-readable input 1. OCR Sheet .. 124 2. Paper tape 125 3. Magnetic tape ..125 PART 3. AGRIS
3.1. Input 127 3.1.1 Characterization of document 127 (a) bibliographically 127 (b) by subject 127 3.1.2 Forms of input 138 (a) Input sheet 138 (b) Machine-readable form -140 3.2 Output products 140 3.2.1 AGRINDEX 140 3.2.2 Magnetic tape services 143 3.2.3 FAO/AGRIS Reference Series and related manuals 143 (a) Manuals for descriptive cataloguers 143 (b) Manuals for classifiers and subject specialists . • • 145 (c) Manuals for analyst/programmers 146 3.3 Responsibilities of AGRIS participants .146 3.3.1 Appointment of Liaison Officers • -146 3.3.2 Collection of national literature 147 3.3.3 Preparation of input to AGRIS 147 3.3.4 Utilization of output products 147 3.4 Responsibilities of the F AO/AGRIS Co-ordinating Centre 148 (a) in Rome, at FAO 148 (b) in Vienna, at the IAEA: the AGRIS Input Unit 148 3.4.1 Training ...... 148 (a) AGRIS international seminars 148 (b) Regional seminars on AGRIS 150 (c) On-the-job training 150 (d) Self-teaching tools 150 3.4.2 Co-ordination with AGRIS participants 150 (a) Consultation ... . 150 (b) Notification . . 151 (c) AGRIS advisory bodies 152 3.4.3 Processing 152 (a) Input .152 (b) Output - 153 3.4.4 System maintenance and development 153 (a) Standards and manuals .153 (b) New methods and equipments 153 3.4.5 Computer aspects ... 153 3.4.6 Information retrieval 154 3.5 Input of FAO publications .....155 3.6 Organization and staffing of the AGRIS Co-ordination Centre in Rome and Vienna 156 3.7 Plans for the future .156 3-A.l Appendix - Availability and cost of AGRIS services 157 3-A.2 Appendix - Centres participating in AGRIS 159 3-A.3 Appendix - AGRIS Liaison Offices '...... 161
PART 4. THE INIS AND AGRIS COMPUTER SYSTEM
4.1 Introduction • • 163 4.2 Input of documents and checking cycle 164 4.2.1 Bibliographic check programs 165 4.2.2 Categorization check program (AGRIS only) 167 4.2.3 Indexing checking cycle (INIS only) .167 (a) General 167 (b) The indexing checking processes ' 168 (c) Correction processes ¡ 169
xi 4.3 Production of INIS Atomindex and AGRINDEX 169 4.3.1 INIS 169 (a) Hierarchical upposting 169 (b) Creation of the production file '69 (c) Assigning reference numbers -169 4.3.2 AGRIS V ....171 4.4 Photocomposition system • ....171 4.5 Statistics (INIS only) 171 4.5.1 Production cycle statistics 172 (a) Input error statistics 172 (b) Processing time statistics ....172 (c) Indexing statistics . 172 4.5.2 INIS data base statistics 172 (a) Subject category statistics ....172 (b) Publication delay statistics 172 (c) Journal statistics 173 (d) Main and qualifier descriptor statistics 173 (c) INIS-IAEA Library statistics 173 4.6 Thesaurus maintenance (INIS only) • • • • 173 Computer forms of the INIS Thesaurus 173 4.6.1 The nucleus form of the INIS Thesaurus 173 (a) The Dictionary file of the Thesaurus (DICT) 173 (b) The Cross-reference file (XREF) 174 (c) The Scope Note file (NOTE) 174 4.6.2 The application and auxiliary tape forms ...174 (a) The backup data files 174 (b) The VERSION data set 175 (c) The REVISION data set ...175 (d) The DICTIONARY data set 175 4.6.3 The photocomposition forms ...175 4.7 Authority file maintenance (INIS only) 175 4.7.1 Authority file for corporate entries and report number prefixes 176 (a) Corporate entry file 176 (b) Report prefix file 176 4.7.2. Authority file for journal titles 176 4.8 Output tape services 177 4.9 On-line retrieval system .179 4.10 INIS/AGRIS processing cycle 180
BIBLIOGRAPHY 183 SUBJECT INDEX...... 185
xii PART 1. GENERAL
M-H. Binggeli IAEA
I. GENERAL
1.1 Definition of Information Systems
An information system denotes all the operations and procedures of the complex communication system linking authors of information-bearing documents with their readers.
INIS and AGRIS arc computerized systems, i.e. a major part of the routine operations of data processing is done by computer.
1.1.1. Type
Primary documentation is information produced for the first time, e.g. accounts of original research, claims or other previously unpublished work.
Secondary information consists of information on previously published work. Thus, abstracting services which compile abstracts of the published literature in a field arc said to be a secondary service. Similarly. INIS and AGRIS are secondary systems: they contain information on already published literature.
If a system services a particular scientific discipline, e.g. biochemistry, it is said lo be discipline-oriented. If. on the other hand the system deals with a project, such as the ' development of artificial limbs, for example, then it can no longer be considered a problem concerned with physiology only but will also involve mechanics, simulation techniques, materials research, psychology, etc. The information relevant to the topic is therefore considered project- or mission-oriented and involves a variety of disciplines.
INIS and AGRIS are mission-oriented systems, since nuclear science and technology, and the peaceful applications of atomic energy on the one hand, and agricultural sciences and technology for improved quality and availability of agricultural products on the other each involve a wide variety of distinct scientific disciplines.
1.1.2. Character of information stored
The information stored in both systems concerns published documents. It consists or bibliographic data(') (e.g. where, when, by whom, and how it was published) and subject data(') (what it is about).
1.1.3. Information Exchange
The procedures followed are illustrated in the diagram below. The material relevant to the particular system is collected independently by the national centres, NC, prepared for input into the system according to the rules agreed upon, and sent to the processing centre, IAEA. By an internal arrangement within a country, a national centre may be fed by secondary centres, SC. (An alternative to the organization above is one in which various national centres agree to operate through an intermediary multi-national regional centre, MC, which then takes over the function of forwarding the total to the processing center). The input collected in this way constitutes decentralized input.
Material arriving at the processing centre is converted, when necessary, to an appropriate machine-readable form suitable for computer processing. After appropriate checking and correcting, it is merged to form the output product. This procedure constitutes centralized processing.
(') For details, see 1.3.1(a). 2.1.1(a) and 3.1.1(a)
(') For more general information, sec 1.3.1(b); for detailed information on 1N1S: 2.1.1(b) anil on AGRIS: Î.1.1(b)
1 DIAGRAM OF A DECENTRALIZED SYSTEM
NC - NATIONAL CENTRE SC- SECONDARY CENTRE MC- MULTINATIONAL REGIONAL CENTRE
FIG.1.1.3-1
The merged information is then sent out hy the processing centre to contributing national centres (or regional centres) (Fig. 1.1.3.). The output is in printed form and also available in a form suitable for computer handling. Contributing centres are free to utilize the material in local information projects (e.g. to compile specialized bibliographies on subjects of specific interest, current listings of new items in a field, document searches in specific areas in accordance wth specific user interests, etc.). Output utilization is decentralized.
To recapitulate:
INIS and AGRIS are computerized information systems, operating on decentralized input, with centralized computerized processing. Output utilization is decentralized.
2 1.1.4. Subject Scope
INIS INIS is concerned with peaceful applications of nuclear science. Not only nuclear science and technology but also related fields and the economic, legal and social aspects are covered.
Broadly speaking, the subject matter is subdivided into:
- physical ;cience (general physics, high-energy physics, neutron and nuclear physics);
- chemistry, materials, and earth sciences;
- biology, agriculture, medicine, health, safety and environment;
- industrial applications of radioisotopes and radiations;
- engineering, reactor technology and instrumentation, waste management;
- economic and legal aspects, handling of nuclear information, safeguards and inspection, nuclear computation and simulation, nuclear programs and management, etc.
Details of actual subject categories available are given in the INIS Reference Series, IAEA-INIS-3, INIS: Subject Categories and Scope Descriptions. The latest revision must always be used when classifying a document.
AGRIS Since a broad range of topics is involved in the general framework of agriculture to which FAO is committed, the following subdivision is applied:
- geography and history;
- education, extensions, and advisory work;
- administration and legislation;
- economics, development, and rural sociology;
- plant production;
- protection of plants and stored products;
- forestry;
- animal production;
- aquatic sciences and fisheries;
- machinery and buildings;
- natural resources;
- food science;
- home economics;
- human nutrition;
- pollution; and
- auxiliary disciplines
Details are given in the AGRIS Reference Series, FAO/AGRIS 3: AGRIS: Subject Categorization Scheme
3 1.1.5. Coverage
TYPES OF DOCUMENTS: Primary documents arc selected from the conventional and non- conventional literature. Conventional iilcrature is literature obtainable through normal distribution channels (e.g. books, published conference proceedings, films, etc.). Non- conventional literature - difficult to locate and not generally available through normal distribution channels - consists of such items as technical reports, preprints!3), theses, and others. The inclusion of non-conventional literature (which represents up to 30% of the total input for INIS) is a special feature of both INIS and AGRIS.
SOURCES: Material for inclusion in the systems is selected from the published literature and from internal publications of institutes and universities.
SELECTION CRITERIA: Material within the defined subject scope of the system and published in a member country, is the responsibility of that country, in terms of selection and appropriate input preparation and dispatch. The national centre must use its own judgement will- regard to the value of including a particular reference (e.g. a newspaper report, a superficial secondary survey, a paper describing a supposedly new technique - in specific areas from which routine applications are to be excluded, etc.). The national centre remains fully responsible for appropriateness, subject- and quality-wise, of input selected for submission to the processing centre (inclusion in the data base).
METHODS OF COVERAGE: In order to ensure speedy and efficient national coverage, certain publications known to contain relevant material are scanned routinely. Others may be obtained by inviting the cooperation of editors of locally produced journals, alerting institutions, universities and others likely to produce literature on a periodic or irregular basis, and by cultivating contacts with libraries, patent offices, commercial firms and others.
INTERNATIONAL COVERAGE:
a) The extensive cooperative network thus established which covers, at the time of writing, some 60 contributing countries and 13 organizations for INIS, ensures the broadest geographical coverage of nuclear literature and amounts to more than 95% of the literature.
b) AGRIS has 98 participating countries and one international and 4 multi-national centres. Literature coverage is approximately 45%.
To recapitulate:
/. INJS and AGRIS cover non-conventional as well as conventional literature within their specific subject scope.
2. Each member country (or organization) is responsible for the selection and standard of its input.
1.1.6. Basic procedures and operation
Every input entry has to be catalogued and its subject contents identified.
[The formal standards applied are discussed elsewhere: for cataloguing, sec 1.3.1(a); for discussion in greater depth, see 2.1.1(a) for INIS 3.1.1(a) for AGRIS
for subject contents, see 1.1.1(b); for discussion in greater depth, see 2.1.1(b) for INIS, and 3.1.1(b) for AGRIS]
(') Primed announcements prior to final or full-text form of a presentation intended or actually made
4 For INIS, all non-conventionail items have to be accompanied by a full-size copy of the text.'(On the rare occasions when this is not possible, adequate particulars must be given on how such full text might be obtained on request).
For AGRIS, the submitting centre should either send a full-size copy or give an availability statement with the catalogued entry of non-conventional literature items.
Information from inputting centres may be submitted on worksheets (Appendix 2-A.5). OCR sheets, punched paper tape or magnetic tape (Appendix 2-A.8.1/2/3).
For INIS, every item has to contain an English abstract, with the exception of short communications.
Input from participating centres arrives at IAEA in one of these forms. A greatly simplified diagram (Fig.l.1.6-1) indicates the main steps involved in reaching the output stage.
From INIS CENTRES
INPUT to IAEA Full -size
OCR WORK SHEET SHEET
non - conventional literature
OCR KEY- READER BOARDING
•
COMPUTER- PROCESSING Preparation of Photo Microfiches composition
PRINTING & PUBLISHING •
INIS INIS INIS INIS Atom- Reference output index Series tape
OUTPUT microfiches
INIS CENTRES
FIG.1.1.6-1 RUDIMENTARY OUTLINE OF INIS PROCESSING (without organizational detail )
5 From AGRIS CENTRES
Policy and Advisory. Training Correspondence
AGRIS COORDINATING CENTRE.Rome
AGRIS INPUT UNIT, c/o IAEA,Vienna
OCR Input Full-size non- Sheets Sheets i conventional i. Literature,] 1 OCR Key- Assignment ¡ Reader boarding of ' mf - numbers!
i i i i , Computer Processing FAO Library ¡ Photocomposition for microf iching !
Printing & Publishing
. -V. /«5Rls\ AGRINDEX ! AGRIS ! AGRIS (OUTPUT! Reference ¡ microfiches j \TAPE/ Series
To AGRIS CENTRES
FIG. 1.1.6-2 OUTLINE OF AGRIS PROCESSING
Where input is not already in magnetic tape form as in (1), it has. to be converted. Worksheets go through a process summarized as "kcyboarding" to convert them to machine- readable form (3). Automatic reading of typed information is possible when it has been prepared for optical character recognition equipment on "OCR"-sheets. A special typewriter with a specific typing element must be used. Such sheets can then be processed directly and transferred to magnetic tape (2). Any paper tape input is also converted to magnetic tape. All input, now computer-readable, is then processed, checked, and merged by the computer. The product is prepared for printing by a computer-driven process of photocomposition, whereby information from the magnetic tape is composed on photographic film, in readiness for printing.
6 All participating centres arc encouraged to submit input in machine-readable form, and every year more centres are doing aO.
Non-conventional INIS literature, in the form or full-size normal documents, passes to the IN IS Clearinghouse which is part of the IN IS Section, where it is converted to microfiche. One sheet of microfiche, measuring 10.5 cm x 14.8 cm. contains 98 frames (up to 96 pages of text) reduced by a factor of 24 (see 2-A.9). Such a microfiche requires special equipment for reading it (a "microfiche reader"). Microfiches of non-conventional literature are available on request (see Appendix 2-A.l).
Non-conventional AGRIS literature is at present entered in the system, but is not available through a comparable Clearinghouse. However, information on availability is supplied for each entry!4).
The output products for INIS are the INIS Atomindex, an abstracts journal appearing twice a month, available in printed form, and INIS magnetic tapes. AGRIS produces AGRINDEX. a categorized bibliography, which appears monthly in printed form, and AGRIS magnetic tapes.
Each system has its own reference series which give the standards and rules (the "authorities") binding for each system; from time to time revised (updated) versions are issued.
To recapitulate:
INPUT
1. All input has to be converted to compatible machine-readable form before it can be merged.
2. Input may be submitted as worksheets or in a machine-readable form (OCR sheets, paper tape or magnetic tape).
3. Machine-readable input should be the aim of each participating centre.
OUTPUT : INIS
1. a) INIS Atomindex (printed form), b) INIS magnetic tapes.
2. Non-conventional literature as microfiche.
3. INIS Reference Series.
OUTPUT : AGRIS
1. a) AGRINDEX (printed form), b) AGRIS magnetic tapes.
2. AGRIS Reference Series.
1.2. Historical Survey: Early beginnings to present-day output products
1.2.1 INIS
One of the obligations of the IAEA, defined in its statutes, was "to further the exchange of scientific and technical information on the peaceful uses of atomic energy" (1956).
(*) The FAO library converts to microfiche any copies of FAO non-conventional documents and of non-conventional documents received by the AGRIS Input Unit from AGRIS Input Centres
7 INIS was created to stimulate greater efficiency in information exchange on nuclear science by
(1) improving literature coverage from different countries,
(2) reducing the time taken between the local publication of a particular piece of literature and its reaching a potential user anywhere in the world,
(3) reducing the ever increasing burden in terms of labour, the time lag, and cost imposed on national centres trying to cover the international output, and to achieve
(4) compatibility with other existing or planned large-scale systems.
The creation of a computerized international system may seem simple, when one looks back on it. But behind lite dry facts were long discussions, leading to step-by-step agreement on basic issues. The variety of opinions and personalities involved, and the magnitude of the problems that had to be solved - at a political as well as a technical level - make the achievement of getting such a decentralized system to operate successfully an exciting and impressive story.
The concept of INIS dates back to 1966, when the whole story began. The Director General of the IAEA invited a consultant from the USA and one from the USSR, to outline an international scheme for handling information which would provide comprehensive coverage and incorporate modern processing techniques.
Following their recommendations, 50 information specialists from recognized information centres were invited to Vienna, and participation in a long-term study on operating policy and systems development was discussed. Planning continued over a number of years during which specific working groups were invited for their recommendations. Some of the INIS sub-systems were adapted to follow closely already existing standards since compatibility with national standards was an important consideration throughout. International standards were adopted as far as possible, and new ISO standards implemented as they became available (Gove, Schmid, Chepkasov, and others, 1975).
In June 1968. a systems description was drawn up by an INIS Study Team of Experts, and adopted by the Panel on the Final Proposal for INIS in October of that year.
On 26 February 1969, the Board of Governors formally approved the establishment of INIS on an operational basis. A limited subject scope (25%) was to be used. In April 1970, INIS became operational. The first products appeared in May 1970, with an INIS Atomindex containing the proud total of 147 references. From then on it was produced on a monthly basis.
During 1969 and 1970 the Secretariat prepared 14 reference documents constituting the INIS Reference Series, and the Computer Section developed the extensive system of programs for machine handling of input, processing and preparation of output products.
In May 1971, indexing was introduced, using a revised version of the already existing EURATOM CID Thesaurus for INIS.
In January 1972, the full subject scope was introduced on a voluntary basis, together with a completely revised INIS Thesaurus. By January 1973, the full subject scope became mandatory. At the same time. INIS Atomindex began to be published twice a month.
A cumulative index was first produced in 1972, and subsequently twice a year. A conference index was first introduced in 1976, in addition lo the routine personal author-, corporate entry-, report and patent number indexes. A subject index was unanimously recommended by the Advisory Committee for INIS at its first meeting in 1971. This was implemented by July 1973 when input had to include flagging of significant descriptor pairs selected as entries in the subject index. From January 1974, every issue of INIS Atomindex contained a subject index which permitted much more effective manual searches.
8 One of the first steps of a member state or organization on joining INIS : is the appointment of an INIS Liaison Officer, who subsequently acts as intermediary between the INIS Secretariat at the IAEA and the particular national organization, on technical aspects and development of the system. A first general meeting of all INIS Liaison Officers took place in Vienna in November 1972. Since then, such meetings have been held annually, and have proved a very useful and popular forum for discussions and for reviewing 1N1S operation, recommendations for further action and their implementation.
The INIS Reference Scries (see 2.2.4), one of the output products of the system, is kept up to date by the addition of further issues or the revision of existing ones when necessary.
The steady growth of 1N1S since 1970 is reflected in its membership (Fig.1.2.1-1) and annual output (Fig. 1.2.1-2).
COUNTRIES INT. ORGANIZATIONS
30 -
20 -
,n i x—x— -*T'"Í3~~T3 "~13 ~~13 ~"l3 10 % 11 11 12
1 1 , , ; 1 1 r 1970 71 72 73 % 75 76 77 78 YEAR GROWTH IK INIS PARTICIPATION (1970-1978)
FIG. 1.2.1-1
9 NON-CONVENTIONAL LITERATURE RECEIVED NO. ITEMS INPUT PUBLISHED (INCLUDING NON-CONVENTIONAL LITERATURE)
7Q.OOO- 69028 x 63670 63300
60.000- 60479 ?"56760 / i i 50,000- i i i i i i 40,000-
30,000-
20,000- * 20860
13660 (23'/.) X 13457 (19.2*/.) / (X^ ~"-1jA10(18*/.) 10,000- ''A°™ ^(25-M ^""ToiMtW*) 11775(17.!-/.) 5000- xt050__x- 3550(33*/.) ^U- — * 1620 (25'/.) YEAR 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977
FIG. 1.2.1-2 INIS INPUT RECEIVED AND PUBLISHED 1970-1977
The INIS Clearinghouse at the Secretariat has fulfilled an important function from the start. Non-conventional literature was con veiled from full size to microfiche, and copies could then be ordered individually or as complete sets. This service is still maintained. À similar service was available for abstracts up to the end of 1975. The abstract which had to accompany every item reported to the system was reproduced in microfiche form, its number corresponding to the entry in INIS Atomindex. These abstracts could be obtained on annual subscription. When INIS Atomindex changed from a bibliography to an abstracts journal, this • microfiche service was discontinued.
The inclusion of machine-readable abstracts in INIS Atomindex was first recommended at the Liaison Officers' Meeting in 1972, and reiterated at subsequent meetings. After specific recommendations made by the second Advisory Committee for INIS, some abstracts on magnetic tape were first included in the printed version of 1 August 1975 (volume 6, issue 17).
By January 1976, all entries in Atomindex contained an abstract. The inclusion of abstracts had to be treated with considerable urgency. T5>s literature of nuclear technology had been collected in Nuclear Science Abstracts (NSA), an abstracts service produced and maintained by the USA. However, NSA ceased production at the end of June 1976. Since then, the full responsibility of maintaining a comparable abstracts service on an international scale has been with INIS.
10 In 1978, an experiment was started in which direct access to the INIS and AGRIS data bases on the computer at the IAEA was effected by linking up the particular country via a telephone line. By July, Austria, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, Scandinavia, France, Hungary and Czechoslovakia had been connected, and could then use the on-line search facilities thus made available. Each linkup is preceded by a 2-day training course given to participants in that country.
In 1979 the presence of numerical data (as defined in a consultant's report) will be indicated by special procedure at the indexing stage.
The successful operation of INIS has encouraged a number of comparable ventures in other fields. The first system which developed, strongly influenced by INIS, was AGRIS.
To recapitulate:
/. 1966: INIS .... an idea.
2. 1970: First INIS Atomindex published.
3. 1976: INIS Atomindex, the international abstracts journal in nuclear science.
4.. 1978: INIS/AGRIS Direct Access Project. INIS and AGRIS data bases made available experimentally for on-line searching through telephone linkup.
S. 1979: The start of data flagging.
1.2.2. AGRIS
Similarly to the IAEA, one of the primary functions of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) is the collection, analysis, interpretation and dissemination of information, in the case of FAO relating to nutrition, food and agriculture.
Although FAO was established in October 1945, it was only a quarter of a century later, in 1969. that FAO began to consider the development of an international information system for agriculture. Subsequently, a Panel of Experts was formed which, at its first meeting in July 1970, recommended to the Director General
1) the need to create a single rapid current awareness service of worldwide coverage, with FAO acting as a coordinating agency,
2) that FAO should assume responsibility for coordinating specialized services in the field "so as to achieve a concentration rather than the present wasteful duplication in subject sub-disciplines".
The system conceived was given the name AGRIS: International Information System for the Agricultural Sciences and Technology. The two recommendations are identifiable as Level 1 and Level 2, respectively. A Study Team was thereupon set up for the purpose of preparing a complete system design for Level I, in the period of March to July 1971. The major • recommendations of the Study Team's report were endorsed by the Panel of Experts, and on the 23rd November 1971 the FAO Conference of Member Nations unanimously passed a formal resolution supporting AGRIS and inviting the Director General to pursue the AGRIS project and to make suitable financial provisions in FAO's Programme of Work and Budget for 1974-1975.
11 In February 1972 the AGRIS Coordinating Centre was created and an Implementation Advisory Group (1AG) was formed, consisting of specialists from potential AGRIS input centres. The I AG defined the skeleton of the System that may be summarized as follows:
1) AGRIS "Level One" was to provide to all countries a comprehensive current awareness service, in all fields of interest to FAO, consisting of a current bibliography in printed form and also on magnetic tape;
2) the "carrier language" of the system would be English;
3) the system should be built initially on input from suitable existing centres, with the provision for a progressively enlarging input, particularly of "non-conventional" material, from national input centres:
4) the responsibility for coverage of documents published in various areas of the world, and in many languages, should be divided between these centres by common agreement:
5) processing and merging of input from various sources should be done at a central point;
6) international standards should be adopted, where they existed, and the practices evolving in international organizations (e.g. UN1S1ST) should be followed;
7) the work of input, collection, merging and the provision of prime output services (current awareness bibliography and magnetic tapes) should be coordinated at a centre of FAO, under the guidance of an advisory body consisting of representative's of contributing organizations and groups of users.
In September 1972, the 1AG, at its Second Meeting in Prague decided to publish an experimental issue of the AGRINDEX for the FAO Conference of 1973, in order that the Conference would be able to judge the feasibility of Level 1 and the character of its products, and consequently to provide budgetary support. Using the format of INIS and the computer facilities of IAEA, and with input provided by nine countries, the "Number Zero" of AGRINDEX experimental issue appeared dated August 1973. "Number Zero" contained 6659 entries and was printed in 2000 copies.
The Seventeenth Session (November 1973) of the Conference of FAO agreed that the Director General should pursue detailed preparations for the implementation of AGRIS Level I, and initiate the operational phase by January 1975. Al the time it was also agreed that a detailed appraisal of the system be submitted prior to the Nineteenth Conference Session in 1977, to enable Member Nations to take a final decision on AGRIS at that time.
In November, 1977, the report of the Independent appraisal of AGRIS was published. At this time, the Nineteenth FAO Conference Session met. It concurred in principle with the recommendations formulated by the evaluation team and endorsed the Director General's conclusions and recommendations for action with respect to the AGRIS programme.
Following these recommendations and agreements, AGRINDEX commenced regular monthly publication in January 1975, with Volume 1, Number 1. The first issue included 2557 entries received from 5 national, 3 regional and 1 international centre covering literature of 39 countries and of 9 international organizations. By the fourth year of operation, the volume had increased to an average of 10000 entries per issue, covering 98 countries (see Fig.l.2.2-1). A number of changes have been effected in the on-going operation, including modification of the subject category codes, enrichment of titles and introduction of OCR (Optical Character Recognition) sheets as an input medium. The only major organizational change has been the transference of the printing, sale and distribution function from FAO to a commercial publisher - Apimondia, beginning with AGRINDEX Volume 3, Number 1, January 1977.
While the bibliographic service is well under way, document delivery of the system is still in a planning and development stage, except for a limited service provided by the AGL1NET
12 GROWTH IN AGRIS PARTICIPATION AND IN AGRIS INPUT RECEIVED AND PUBLISHED INPUT JAN 1975-DEC 1977 PUBLISHED
100,000
NO. OF COUNTRIES - 90,000 (OR CENTRES) ./ 80 - 80,000
70 - COUNTRIES SEMOIR INPUT _ 70,000
60 _ 60,000
50 - 50,000
40 _ 40,000
30 - - 30,000
20 - 20,000
10 - - 10,000 +' 12, 557)
JAN JAN JAN DEC 1975 1976 1977
TOTAL DATA BASE 172,370 COUNTRIES SENDING INPUT NATIONAL AND REGIONAL INPUT CENTRES LIAISON OFFICES RECORDS INPUT -X—X —X — X X —X—X-
riG. 1.2.2-1
(Worldwide Network of Agricultural Libraries). The network consists of a chain of 16 major agricultural libraries in each region or country of the world supported by the international centre, FAO.
As already mentioned, AGRIS was conceived as having two complementary facets: Level I and Level 2. Level 2 will be a network of existing specialized centres, analysis centres and data banks with responsibility in depth for certain subject fields. The networks can only work on the; basis of voluntary cooperation among existing centres ail over the world. Two specific areas - Forestry and Tropical Agriculture - are pilot areas, for which feasibility studies have been made, consultations taken place among specialized centres and proposals formulated for
13 cooperative networks. These have provided a unique opportunity to create a forum where the specialized centres can meet to explore common problems and negotiate agreements.
To recapitulate:
1. 1970: ACR1S .... an ¡den.
2 1975: First ACR1S AGRINDEX published.
3. 1977: Report on the Independent Evaluation of AGRIS submitted by an independent study team.
4. 1977: FAO Council approves Study Team report and endorses continuation of the AGRIS programme.
5. 197S: INIS/AGRIS Direct Access Project inaugerated.
1.3. INIS and AGRIS
INIS and AGRIS are compatible systems with only minor differences. Each data base can be used with essentially similar technical and intellectual equipment. Some of the differences between INIS and AGRIS will now be considered.
Since AGRIS is at present still primarily concerned with rapid and comprehensive current awareness services, whereas INIS produces an abstracts journal, the differences are mainly concerned with the level of subject identification which is relatively sophisticated in INIS.
1.3.1. Characterizing a Document
Every document is characterized both (a) bibliographically, and (b) by subject. Every item of information characterizing a document has a specific identifier ("tag") under which it is entered and under which it can subsequently be scanned and identified by the computer.
(a) The bibliographic description consists of a reference number (RN) assigned by the computer, the namc(s) of the author(s), the author's affiliation (name and location of organization), a corporate entry (if authored by an organization), the primary title (in English, translated when necessary), the language of the document('). the original title (transliterated, if necessary), a report or patent number, some further identifying numbers, the journal title, details of publication (place, date, publisher), collation (e.g. volume and issue, pagination), or conference title, place and date. Additional information on the document can be entered as a "Note".
(b) The subject characterization is assigned differently for INIS and AGRIS. It is generally effected by a subject category, a subject code, descriptors, an abstract, or a combination of these. The original title may also be made more informative. .
Subject Categories
The subject scope of INIS is divided into 6 main subject groups (see 1.1.4), which are subdivided into a total of 100 subject categories. Every document entry is given a main or primary subject category. Where several subjects are involved, one or more additional or secondary subject categories are assigned. The categories
(!) For INIS. only if oilier than English
14 are each assigned a code, consisting of a letter corresponding to one of the main subject groups (A to F) and a 2-digit number, e.g. B32. (This is an alpha-numeric code).
Similarly, AGRIS is divided into 17 main subject groups, with a total of 85 broad subject categories.
Object and Geographical Codes
The subject contents of documents contributed to AGRIS may be further classified by one or more 4-digit object codes covering 416 commodities, and 648 4-digit geographical codes. The primary commodity code is used to arrange entries in AGRINDEX and on AGRIS tapes within the primary category; all commodities are also entered in the Commodity Index, which accompanies every issue of AGRINDEX. Geographical codes are only entered on AGRIS tapes for computer retrieval.
Example: a paper on "Grain legumes in Malaysia: groundnuts and soybeans, used for feed or vegetable fat" would be coded as F00 Primary subject category PLANT PRODUCTION 0332 Primary object code GROUNDNUT 0336 Secondary object code SOYBEAN G7I4 Geographical code MALA YSIA and would be entered in AGRINDEX under F00 and 0332. The Commodity Index would list it both under GROUNDNUT and under SOYBEAN. On the AGRIS tape it would also be retrievable under MALAYSIA.
Descriptors
For INIS, the contents of a document are described more fully. To do so, a specially prepared dictionary or Thesaurus is used, from which specific words, so-called descriptors, are selected which together characterize the document contents. The Thesaurus represents a controlled and dynamic vocabulary containing almost 15.000 descriptors. (For details, see 2.1.1(b)).
Some terms which occur together with a high frequency are accepted as compound descriptors in the Thesaurus. Their use lowers noise in retrieval. Example: URANIUM ORES (For details, see 2.1.1(b)).
Example: Two documents might deal with meat preservation by means of gamma irradiation, but one exclusively with the legal aspects involved, the other with the economic aspects. The papers would be assigned to categories F23 and C43, respectively. Both would be indexed as MEAT, GAMMA RADIATION, PRESERVATION, all of which are descriptors listed in the Thesaurus. One paper, however, would have the additional descriptor LEGAL ASPECTS, the other ECONOMICS. If somebody required information on the legal aspects of irradiating meat with gamma rays, he would look for a document containing the first 4 descriptors only, i.e. the first, but not the second document, would be wanted.
15 The selection of the required document is made by a process involving coordinate searching, i.e. by specifying a group of descriptors which must all occur in a relevant document. The most significant descriptor(s) in every document is identified or "flagged" as a main heading, and the relevant descriptor qualifying this concept is associated with it. For the example above, it would be MEAT ; gumma radiation. Such a descriptor pair is entered in the subject index, which accompanies
every issue of INIS Atomindex. :
Title enrichment, also referred to as Title augmentation
The title of a document may be made more meaningful by adding some brief specific information. Some examples are given below.
INIS 1. Heat exchanger tube tool. (E32; Patent; PWR). 273637 The existence of a patent, and reference to pressurized water-cooled reactors is important. 2 • Suppression of brilliant green bromoindatc solvent extraction in the presence of foreign metals. (Bit; Foreign metals ate Ga, Fc(3), Cd, Zn, Hg. i Tl(3)). 272357 "Foreign" is uninformative, as it stands. 3« Radiochemical and radioecological studies on Brazilian areas of high natural background. Progress report, October 30, 1974 - October 30, 1975. (C21; Etiology of radioinduccd chromosomal aberrations in human lymphocytes). 273073 Only additional information makes title informative.
1» (Problems in cassava culture [diseases and AGKIS pcstsll. (Es). Problemas en cultives de la yuca (enfermedad, plaga). "Problems" are identified as "diseases and pests".
2. ,.„ Research on thebaine poppy [Turkey, Irani (Cs). Vyzlcum thebainoveho maku. Location of research is of interest here, because of local soil, strains and. climatic conditions. 3. (Influence of the systématisation of tillage on pests Icerealsll. (Fr). Incidence de la simplification du travail du sol sur l'activité des ravageurs. The title enrichment identifies the crops affected.
For fNJS, this augmentation only appears in the printed subject index, not in the main entry. It is entered in a separate tag.
Since AC RIS does not use descriptors for identifying subject contents in depth, title enrichment is required whenever the original title is not informative enough. Such title enrichment appears as an interpolation of the English title, in square brackets.
Abstracts
Even before INIS Atomindex became an abstracts journal in 1976, every item of 1N1S input (other than short communications) had to be accompanied by an abstract •which, at that time, was not included in INIS Atomindex or on magnetic tape, but could be ordered I separately on microfiche. Now, however, abstracts form part of the printed journal. They have to conform
16 to specified conventions since only 120 characters may be used for abstracts in the Roman alphabet. One abstract must be submitted in English. (For details, sec 2.1.1(b)). An abstract may not exceed 2000 characters.
The English abstract is printed in INIS Atóminde.x, followed - if available - by abstracts in any of the other working languages of the IAEA (French, Russian or Spanish). Additional abstracts in other languages may also be submitted for inclusion on magnetic tape.
Since 1977, centres contributing input to AGRIS on magnetic tape may also enter abstracts, after previous agreement with the AGRIS Input Unit in Vienna.
Tu recapitulate:
/. Documents are characterized bibliographically and by subject.
2. Subject characterization may be by category, Object and Geographical codes, indexing, title enrichment, abstracts - or a combination oí these.
The standards used in the selection of subject criteria are set out in specific issues of the reference scries, as indicated below:
Reference Series Reference Series INIS AGRIS IAEA-1N1S FAO/AGRIS
Subject Categories 3 Subject categories 3
Descriptors 12, 13 Object and Geographical codes 3
Title augmentation 12 Title enrichment 4 (syntax rules)
Abstracts 4
1.3.2. Forms of Input
Input may be submitted in various forms (discussed more fully in 2.3.2 and 3.3.2). Each must conform to certain rules to permit processing.
(a) The simplest form of presenting input is on a printed worksheet, where separate fields have lo be completed, some in a strictly standardized form. These standards are set out in IAEA-INIS-1, -5, -6, -10 and -11, with examples in INIS-2 and -15, and in FAO/AGRIS-3, -4, 7. 8. 13, and 19. The elements of the worksheet are discussed in detail in sections 2.1.2, 2.4.1 and 2.4.2(a) of this manual. The characters available are 120 Tor INIS and 84 for AGRIS. In addition, a full Cyrillic character set (64 characters) is available for including INIS abstracts in Cyrillic languages (see Figs.1.3.2-1 to -3). Any symbols not included in these character sets have to be suitably paraphrased. Samples of INIS and AGRIS input worksheets arc attached (see 2-A.5 and 3-A.4).
(b) Three forms of machine-readable input arc acceptable: i. OCR sheets, ii. paper tape (for AGRIS, following special arrangement with the AGRIS Input Unit), and in. magnetic tape.
17 INIS CHARACTER SET (120 symbols)
ABCDEFGH IJ KLM NOPQRTSUVWXYZ
abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz
1234567890.:;,/ = + --*$
><[]()' (quote)
afJ7vu7rcoA2EAÍ2
1234567890 + -
superscripts:
1 234567890 subscripts:
SP (space) Fig. 1.3.2-1
AGRIS CHARACTER SET (84 symbols)
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 .,:;/=+-$%*><[]()! ?
' (apostrophe) " (quotation marks) SP (space)
Fig. 1.3.2-2
CYRILLIC CHARACTER SET
AS B T Â E K 3 H H K J1MH 0 n PC T. y »' X U 1 III mi bl 3 K H a ö B r A eac 3 H 8 KJI M H onp o TYRHXU w in m i> TI : b o an
FIG. 1.3.2-3
18 i. Optical Character Recognition (OCR) involves direct machine recognition and processing of sheets containing bibliographical, indexing and/or abstract data. A special typewriter (an IBM Selcctric Typewriter) with a specific typing element for cither the Latin or Cyrillic alphabet, and a special typewriter ribbon must be used. This input equipment is inexpensive and easy to maintain, and input can be read and corrected before mailing to Vienna. There are a number of additional advantages.
These sheets (see 2-A.8.1) are then processed through the OCR machine in Vienna, an ECRM 5300 Autoreader, where a laser beam scans the typescript. Digitized information is then sent to a mini-computer (PDP/8). Individual characters are recognized and edited where necessary. The information is then transferred to magnetic tape.
When typing text with the Latin (OCR-B) typewriter element, it is possible to keyboard 75 of the symbols in the INIS character set and 77 of the symbols in the AGRIS character set directly. The remaining characters in either charater set must be encoded(*)(7). Note, however, that no coding conventions have been established for Cyrillic characters. These must be typed with the Cyrillic (Artisan 12) typewriter element. When this is used, it is possible to keyboard 79 of the symbols in the INIS character sei directly; the remaining characters, including all the Latin characters, must be encoded. For INIS, OCR input instructions are contained in IAEA-IN1S-I7; for AGRIS OCR input instructions are contained in FAO/AGRIS-20.
ii. Paper tape information needs to be keypunched on a suitable paper tape device (e.g. a Friden flexowritcr). 1NIS formatting standards, codes and specifications are explained in IAEA- INIS-7 and -8.
No paper tape codes have been established for the 64 Cyrillic characters in the INIS character set. Of the remaining 120 characters, 87 are directly available. The remainder requires encoding.
Paper tape input (2-A.8.2) is being more and more replaced by magnetic tape or OCR input.
For the AGRIS system, paper tape has not been officially announced as input medium, although input on paper tape is accepted. Contrary to INIS, any coding is acceptable provided it has first been agreed upon with the AGRIS Input Unit at IAEA.
in. Magnetic tape (2-A.8.3) submitted by centres has already undergone checking, which reduces the time spent on error corrections at IAEA. Input on magnetic tape has to conform to the codes and character sets, and specifications and record format set out in IAEA-IN1S-7 and -9. and FAO/AGRIS 7 and 8, respectively.
All 184 (120 + 64) characters for INIS and 84 characters for AGRIS can be expressed on magnetic tape.
Input worksheets are converted to machine-readable form in Vienna. Any paper tape input is converted to magnetic tape at IAEA. The total input is then processed and merged with other input (see 2.4.1 and 2, and 3.4.1 and 2 for details). The result is used in the corresponding output products. It is also added to the already existing data stored, which then forms the updated data base.
At the present time, about 90% of INIS input and about 85% for AGRIS are in machine- readable form.
Ultimately, all centres should submit their input in machine-readable form which will reduce the time lag between the dates when input is received and when it is actually published.
(") e.g. n has lo be encoded as *a (INIS)
(') e.g. I has to be encoded as •( (AGRIS)
19 To recapitulate:
input may be submitted 1. as worksheets, or 2. in machine-readable form (OCR sheets, paper tape. or magnetic tape).
Character Sets 1. for IMS: IS4 (120 + 64) magnetic tape: 1S4 (120 4- 64) paper tape: S7 OCR (Latin) 15 OCR (Cyrillic) 79 2. for AGRIS: 84 magnetic tape: S4 OCR: 77
1.3.3. Forms of Output
(a) 1. Printed Products: 1N1S Atomindex and AGRINDEX.
The printed form of INIS Atomindex appears twice a month. It is arranged by subject category and, within each category, alphabetically by first author. A sample entry is given below. Every issue contains a subject index, in addition to an author index, corporate entry index, report, standard and patent number index, and a conference index. Cumulative indexes arc published twice a year (see Fig. 1,3.3-1 and sections 2.2 and 3.2).
An average of 6000 items is published monthly, every issue containing ca. 3000 items. A total of over 69,000 items were published in 1977, of which 17% were non-conventional literature.
AGRINDEX appears once a month, and currently averages 10,000 items. In 1977 there was a total of almost 100,000 items (compared with 50,000 in 1975), of which about 17% were non- conventional literature. It contains a commodities index in addition to an author index, corporate entry index, and a report and patent number index. A Cumulative index for the years 1975-1977 has been published and an annual index, beginning with 1978, is planned.
Both journals are produced by a photo-composition technique which allows the direct generation of pages of film, ready for printing. This improves the presentation and quality of the product, and increases speed of production.
290973 Campbell. D.O.; Buxton. S.R. Oak Ridge National Lab., Tenn. (USA). Recovery of americium and curium from nuclear fuel processing waste solutions. CONF-760826 - 8. 1976. 28 p. Available from NTIS. $4.00. (American Chemical Society meeting. San Francisco, California, United States of America (USA). 29 Aug 1976.1 Am and Cm exist in the trivalent state under conditions practical in reprocessing, and Iheir chemistry is very similar io that of the rare earths which are present in relatively large amount as major fission products. Conceptual processes to recover Am and Cm, therefore, usually include two separate cycles. The first is the recovery of Am. Cm. and any transcurium aclinides. along with the lanthanidcs, but hopefully separated from all the rest of the fission products and bulk chemicals used in processing, like sodium nitrate, iron, and sulfate. The second cycle is the partition of Am, Cm, and possibly heavier actinides like Cf. from the fission product rare earths. The first cycle, co-recovery of lanthanides and actinides, tan, in principle, be accomplished by several methods including precipitation, solvent extraction, and ion exchange. Each has its own problems and limitations, as well as different interactions with the second cycle. The methods of cation exchange and oxalate precipitation are discussed. AMERICIUM: ion exchange, precipitation; CURIUM: ion exchange, precipitation; RADIOACTIVE WASTE PROCESSING: ion exchange
Fig. 1.3.3-1 Sample entry from INIS Atomindex
20 177246 Strout, A.M. (The Agricultural Development Council, Jakarta (Indonesia)). Same definitional problems with "mulliplt-ciop diversification". (En). Philippine Economic Journal (Philippines). (1975). v. 14(1-2) p. 308-316. 4 rcf. Issued May 1977. [Seminar on Multiple-Crop Diversification in Taiwan and Its Relevance to Southeast Asian Countries. Taipei (Taiwan). 29 Oct 1973.1
Fig. 1.3.3-2 Sample entry from AGRINDEX
INIS AGRINDEX ATOM INDEX
FULL BIBLIOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION • ..*.*.*.*.*.*.'.«-'•»••-• SUBJECT CATEGORIES XttWX'XX'X* ¡iiiii iVA¥xWxx*x GEOGRAPHICAL AND COMMODITY CODES xWx$S$'ñ*M DESCRIPTORS mmm CONTENT S ABSTRACT mmm a*::ü:-:-v,í-*tt AUTHOR mmwm mmmm mmm CORPORATE ENTRY mmm :w:*:%-:%x*> REPORT/PATENT NUMBER mmmm mmmm CONFERENCE illill SUBJECT lui» INDE X j COMMODITIES i»xi :X*X*x-xxx-: CUMULATIVE wmm
ISSUES / YEAR 24 12 ITEMS / MONTH (1977) 5,750 8,300 ITEMS / YEAR (1977) 69,000 98,000 NON-CONVENTIONAL LITERATURE (%>) STATISTIC S STATISTIC S 18.5 17.1 ( 1977 )
FIG. 1.3.3-1
21 INIS Atomindex may be purchased!") by any institute, library, or individual from one of the IAEA's Sales Agents or from IAEA, Vienna.
AGRINDEX may be purchased from ApimondiaC).
2. Printed Products: lAEA-lNlS-Rcfcrence Series
The INIS Reference Series is produced by the Secretariat, and comprises the rules standards, formats, codes, authority lists etc. of the system. It is updated and supplemented as required. The topics treated by the 17 separate issues and 3 technical documents, are indicated below. It is essentia/ to use only up-to-date revisions, indicated in the 6-monthly updates of the INIS Thesaurus.
Reports in the INIS Reference Series available in June 1978:
IAEA-IMS- I INIS: Descriptive Cataloguing Rules
1AEA-1N1S- 2 1N1S: Descriptive Cataloguing Samples
IAEA-IN1S- 3 INIS: Subject Categories and Scope Descriptions
IAEA-INIS- 4 INIS: Instructions for Submitting Abstracts
1AEA-IN1S- 5 INIS: Terminology and Codes for Countries and International Organizations
IAEA-INIS- 6 INIS: Authority List for Corporate Entries and Report Number Prefixes
IAEA-INIS- 7 INIS: Magnetic and Punched Paper Tape Codes and Character
Sets
IAEA-INIS- 8 INIS: Paper Tape Specifications and Record Format
1AEA-1NIS- 9 1N1S: Magnetic Tape Specifications and Record Format
IAEA-INIS-IO INIS: Transliteration Rules for Selected Non-Roman
Characters
1AEA-INIS-11 INIS: Authority List for Journal Titles
IAEA-INIS-12 1N1S: Manual for Indexing
IAEA-INIS-13 INIS: Thesaurus
IAEA-1N1S-13 (F) INIS: Thesaurus, version française
IAEA-INIS-13 (R) INIS: Thesaurus. Russian version (in preparation)
IAEA-INIS-13 (D) 1N1S: Thesaurus. German version
1AEA-1NIS-14 INIS: Description of Computer Programs IAEA-INIS-15 INIS: Self-Training Manual for Descriptive Cataloguers IAEA-INIS-16 INIS: Subject Indexing Samples 1AEA-INIS- 1NIS: Instructions for the Submission of Input in the form suitable for OCR Processing (in preparation)
(•) Payment may be made in the national currency if the Agency has a local bank account, or with UNESCO coupons. For list of Sales Agents, see Appendix 2-A. I or at the back of any issue of Alomindex
(') For details of address and modalities of payment, see Appendix 3-A.I or inside cover of any issue of AGRINDEX
22 The following technical INIS reports arc also available:
IAEA-142 INIS: Guidelines for the Development and Maintenance of the 1N1S Thesaurus. (December 1971 Edition)
IAEA-177 INIS: Information Retrieval based on IBM's IRMS
IAEA-191 STAIRS User's Manual
IAEA-196 INIS: Thesaurus Maintenance System
FAO/AGRIS Reference Series
The AGRIS Reference Scries is the responsibility of the AGRIS Coordinating Centre in Rome and is produced by the FAO. Issues available in June 1977, which concern standards, formats, authority lists and codes arc indicated below:
FAO/AGRIS 3 Group 1 (Rev.2) AGRIS Subject Categories. Group 1 Groups 2-3 (Rev.l) AGRIS Subject Categories. Groups 2-3 -f- Amendments 1.2
FAO/AGRIS 4 (Rcv.l) AGRIS Guidelines for Bibliographic + Amendments 1-5 Description
FAO/AGRIS 7 (Rev.l) AGRIS Magnetic Tape Specification and + Amendment 1 Record Format
FAO/AGRIS 8 (Rev.O) AGRIS Magnetic Tape Codes and Character Set
FAO/AGRIS 13, Pt.l Serials providing Source Documents in the fields of Food and Agricultural Sciences and Technology. A Reference List. Pt.l : Alphabetical List FAO/AGRIS 13, Pt.2 Pt.2: Geographic List
FAO/AGRIS 19 AGRIS Description of Computer Programs
FAO/AGRIS 20 AGRIS OCR Input Instructions
FAO/AGRIS 21 (Rev.O) (in preparation) AGRIS Terminology and Codes for Countries and International Organizations
(b) Magnetic Tape Services
INIS and AGRIS products are also available or. magnetic tape, on request. The magnetic tape service is only available to 1NIS or AGRIS participants. The records on each tape are recorded sequentially, and are available in 7- and 9-track format. The format is based on ISO- 2709 and is described in IAEA-IN1S-9 and FAO/AGRIS 7. The coding of the tapes is also based on an ISO standard, and described in IAEA-IN1S-7 and FAO/AGRIS 8.
Since the IAEA maintains an on-line system for both data bases using IBM's STAIRS retrieval system, the STAIRS formatted data files are also available to participating centres on request.
A number of 1NIS authorities (corporate entries, journal titles, report number and prefixes, and INIS Thesaurus) are also maintained on magnetic tape.
Computer programs used or developed at the IAEA for INIS and AGRIS and are available to INIS and AGRIS participants on request. The description of these programs are published in IAEA-IN1S-14 and FAO/AGRIS 19.
23 (c) Microfiche Services
At present, microfiche preparation and dispatch is handled by the 1N1S Clearinghouse, the unit which prepares microfiche copies of all non-conventional literature received.
Documents in the INIS Reference Series and related reports may also be ordered in microfiche form from the INIS Clearinghouse.
For AGRIS. the FAO Library offers microfiche copies, on request, of non-conventional documents received al the AGRIS Coordinating Centre from the input centres, a fact indicated by an availability statement (see 3.1.2(a)).
To recapitulate:
Output Sem'ces: INIS 1. INIS Atomindex. printed: bimonthly.
2. INIS Reference Series Numbers I-17. INIS-related Technical Reports Numbers 142. 177 and 191.
3. INIS magnetic tape services.
4. Non-conventional literature in microfiche form.
Output Sen'ices: AGRIS I. AGRINDEX. printed: monthly.
2. AGRIS Reference Series.
3. AGRIS magnetic tape services.
1.3.4. Training
(a) INIS
The training of staff from national centres in INIS routines is part of the responsibilities of the INIS Secretariat. The INIS Reference Scries contain full instructions on formats, rules and standards used in the system. Practical training in the various aspects of input preparation and retrieval strategy is, however, desirable.
A comprehensive training programme has been developed. Eight Training Seminars have been held so far, at which a variety of courses had been offered, to allow for effective training of participants of different levels of specialization, interest and experience. Four Seminars were held in Vienna (1970, 1972, 1973 and 1976). Of the others, in Bombay (1970), Buenos Aires (1971). Luxembourg (1974) and Ankara (1975), the first two were regional seminars for Asia and the Far East and for Latin America, respectively. A total of more than 330 participants has been registered at these Seminars. With increasing experience on the part of INIS members, progressively more attention was given to output utilization, and the strategy and practice of retrieving specific documents from the data base. In recent years a direct link with the data base made it possible to use interactive search dialogues between the user - operating a computer terminal - and the computer. Such a facility is known as an "on-line" retrieval system.
24 Some training has also been offered in the preparation and use of magnetic tapes.
The pattern of courses presented is dynamic and shows increasing differentiation (sec Figs. 2.4.6-1 ). Details on courses are given in 2.4.6(a)).
Recently, some seminars have been organized together with AGRIS. involving some joint sessions. This started in 1975 and continued in 1976. In 1977, the joint 1N1S/AGR1S Training Programme allowed for a 4-week training period in Vienna, with 1NIS and AGRIS participation limited to developing countries. Training consisted of a joint orientation course, followed by specific training in indexing, retrieval and abstracting, and/or descriptive cataloguing, and an alternative course on computer aspects of INIS or AGRIS. The 1978 Training Seminar also provides courses of interest to both INIS and AGRIS participants.
Two-day training courses in "on-line" searching (based on interactive dialogue between the user at a computer terminal and the computer in which the data is stored) started in 1978.
Another form of training given at the INIS Secretariat is on-the-job training in descriptive cataloguing, indexing and retrieval, abstracting and computer aspects of the system, the training period ranging from one week to several months, depending on requirements. Most trainees have been holders of IAEA Fellowships. Out of 10 people trained in this way in the last few years. 1 came from a European country, 6 from Asia, 1 from Africa and 2 from the Middle East.
Comments (or "feedback") on the results of various kinds of quality checks (see section 2.4.5) on input received may be considered yet another form of training.
(b) AGRIS
Training in the AGRIS system is a responsibility of the AGRIS Coordinating Centre, and is based on the AGRIS Reference Series. Practical experience in the various aspects of input preparation and the use of output products is offered in organized AGRIS training courses.
The majority of new members joining the system arc given initial briefing and training by correspondence. Staff from more than 40 FAO Member Nations have been trained in this way. AGRIS members are also encouraged to participate in Training Seminars organized by the AGRIS Coordinating Centre or by Multinational Centres. Ten of these seminars have been held so far at which a variety of courses had been offered, to allow for effective training of participants of different levels of specialization, interest and experience. Four of these seminars were directly organized by the AGRIS Coordinating Centre and were held in Rome (1974 May and November), and two jointly with INIS in Ankara (1975) and in Vienna (1976). Six were organized by AGRIS Multinational Centres and co-sponsored by FAO in Turrialba, in Costa Rica (1975), Luxembourg (1974. 1975 July and October), and in Los Banos in the Philippines (1976). Where AGRIS co-sponsors regional seminars, the whole programme is oriented towards specific local requirements (sec also 3.4.1 and Fig. 3.4.1-1).
A total of more than 190 participants has been registered at these seminars. No figures are available for the over twenty seminars that are known to have been independently organized by AGRIS national and multinational centres.
AGRIS was able to benefit recently from INIS experience in "on-line" retrieval.
Two training Seminars involving some joint sessions with INIS have already been mentioned in the section above on INIS training. The 1977 4-week INIS/AGRIS training programme in Vienna was based on fellowships awarded to trainees. A joint 2-day orientation course was given on INIS and AGRIS. The 4 weeks at the AGRIS Input Unit in Vienna were followed by a week's training at the FAO Coordinating Centre in Rome, which consisted of a general introduction to the activities of the FAO Library and Documentation Systems Division, and to practical application of AGRIS by the Library, particularly its Documentation Centre.
The FAO Library and Documentation Systems Division also offers on-the-job training in descriptive cataloguing, and subject categorization. This has mostly been on the basis of FAO-
25 sponsored field projects. Over 15 FAO Member Nations have had members of their staff trained in this way.
To recapitulate:
Standards: Reference Series.
Training: INIS: Seminars. On-the-job training. Quality control (feedback).
AGRIS: Correspondence (briefing and training) Seminars. On-the-job training.
26 PART 2. !NIS
M-H. Binggeli IAEA
E. Ruckenbauer IAEA
2. INIS
2.1 Input
2.1.1. Characterization of document
The description of a piece of literature submitted to INIS is characterized (a) bibliographically and (b) by subject.
2.1.1(a) Characterization of document bibliographically
The bibliographic citation must be sufficiently explicit to permit identification. The bibliographic description of each item of information submitted to INIS is prepared according to the 1N1S Descriptive Cataloguing Rules (see 2.2.4) which call for describing literature by its smallest bibliographic component. Thus, for example, journals are analyzed at the level of individual articles; books may be analyzed at the level of chapters; monographic series are analyzed at the level of volumes and, within these, by individual chapters or sections. This degree of analysis is achieved through the concept of bibliographic levels which allows for the identification, within a single document description, of all bibliographic entities of which the document is composed.
For example, an article in a journal is described both at the analytical level and at the serial level; a chapter in a book or a paper in a volume of conference proceedings is described at the analytical and the monographic level.
For each analyzed part full bibliographic information must be given. This includes author (personal and/or corporate), title, edition, identifying numbers - if any, imprint, collation, language - if other than English, and appropriate bibliographic notes. For conference proceedings, the title, date and place of the conference concerned are also supplied.
All this information, needed to describe a piece of literature, is prepared in such a way that the computer can identify each kind of informational element. Without being told specifically, the computer could not differentiate between an author and a title, and must therefore be provided with a mechanism for recognizing certain symbols as names, titles, etc. In INIS, this is achieved by means of a 3-digit code, called a tag, which precedes an informational clement. An element identified by a tag is called a data element. These elements are discussed and illustrated in connection with the INIS worksheet under 2.1.2(a). The principle is valid for any kind of data element.
In addition to the bibliographic information needed to identify the document, and to information needed to present the intellectual contents of the document, some further data - control data - are required. Such information which, like subject category and descriptors, is not found in the document itself must be assigned by the person preparing it for input. It is not only required for identifying and checking purposes by the computer processing programs, but also serves a useful purpose for retrieval. It mostly contains codes which
(a) - identify the nature of a document described, e.g. whether it is a book, a journal article or a patent: the type of record;
(b) - indicate certain other characteristics, e.g. whether the document described is a bibliography, whether it was presented at a conference, whether it was published as a thesis, etc.: the literary indicator; and
(c) - indicate how many levels are given in the following document description: the bibliographic level code.
27 While the bibliographic levels have remained as conceived originally, some changes have been made in the types of record, and further literary indicators have been added when the need arose, e.g. with the introduction of legal literature into the system, a legal indicator was required.
The various kinds of control data are illustrated and discussed in more detail under 2.1.2.
To recapitulate:
/. A document description includes a bibliographic citation and a subject description.
2. Any kind of information element is identified by a 3-digit numeric code, the tag.
2.1.1(b) Characterization of document by subject
SUBJECT CATEGORIES
The subject scope is subdivided into a number of major fields, themselves consisting of sections made up of specific categories. A document, considered for inclusion in INIS, must be matched against these subject categories. If appropriate, it will be assigned to one or more categories to ensure that it is in scope. The first or primary category determines the location of the entry in INIS Atomindex. Secondary categories will not contain the full entry but a cross-reference to the number located under the primary category.
e.g. An entry, 289493, appeared in BI6, the category for "Fuel Processing and Reprocessing".
B16 - Fuel Processing and Reprocessing
See also 289107, 289112. 289130. 290198. 290234. 290774. 290973. 290982. 290984,290985,290987,291049, 291110
289493 Borrowman, S.R.; Brooks, P.T. Bureau of Mines, Washington, D.C. (USA). Radium removal from uranium ores and mill tailings. BM-RI-8099. 1975. 12 p. Bureau oí Mines, Washington, DC. Mill tailings from conventional uranium extraction processes contain nearly all of the radium originally in the ore. Such tailings require controlled storage in perpetuity to safeguard the surrounding environment from radioactive contamination. Alternatives to controlled storage of the tailings are (I) removal of the radium from Ihe tailings for separate storage or use or (2) removal of the radium when processing the uranium ore. In laboratory lests, radium was leached from tailings using cither hydrochloric acid or clhylcncdiaminc tetraacetic acid. A hydrochloric acid leaching method was used to extract both radium and uranium from the ore to yield tailings containing less radium than those produced by either conventional sulfuric acid or alkaline leaching processes. From 77 to 94 percent of the radium in mill tailings was concentrated by sedimentation in slime fractions representing nearly 25 wt percent of the original sample. RADIUM: leaching; URANIUM ORES: leaching.
A cross-reference to this paper is found under the secondary category E51 - "Waste Treatment".
ESI - Waste Treatment^"
See also 288944, 289112. 289493, 289693. 290234, 290361, 290646
290968 Anon. Experts mull over radioactif» - Eng. News. (2 A»»
28 The main fields arc outlined below:
A. PHYSICAL SCIENCES, consisting of
1) general physics (mathematical and general theoretical physics, atomic and molecular physics, solid-state and fluid physics, plasma physics and thermonuclear reactions, astrophysics and cosmology, direct energy conversions, and low-temperature physics) 2) high energy physics (theory and experimental aspects of elementary particles), und 3) neutron and nuclear physics (including radiation physics, nuclear theory, and nuclear properties and reactions)
B. CHEMISTRY, MATERIALS AND EARTH SCIENCES, which include
1) radio-, nuclear, and radiation chemistry, corrosion, fuel processing and reprocessing 2) metals and alloys, ceramics, cermets and other materials, and 3) levels and transport of radioactivity in soils, natural waters and the atmosphere
C. LIFE SCIENCES, covering
1) al! effects and various aspects of external radiation in biology (from biochemicals and cell cultures through microorganisms, plants and animals to man) 2) radionuclide effects and kinetics, including radioccology 3) tracer studies 4) applied life sciences, including plant breeding, pest and disease control, food protection and preservation, and animal husbandry, and 5) health, safety and environment (including radiation accidents, hazards and safety evaluations of nuclear installations, radiation protection standards and procedures, and personnel dosimetry and monitoring)
D. ISOTOPES, ISOTOPE AND RADIATION APPLICATIONS, involving
1) production of enriched uranium and heavy water, other isotope production, separation and enrichment, radiation sources and metrology, and 2) power production, industrial applications and tracer techniques
E. ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, including more specifically
1) thermal dynamics and fluid flow, cryogenics, nuclear equipment, nuclear explosions, handling of radioactive materials, accelerators, and materials testing 2) nuclear reactors - at a general level (reactor theory, components, accessories, fuels and control systems), and specific reactor types and their associated plants 3) nuclear instrumentation, related to detectors and measuring instruments and methods, radiation effects on instruments, etc., and 4) waste management, both treatment and disposal
F. OTHER ASPECTS OF NUCLEAR ENERGY, concerned with
1) economics (nuclear power and the fuel cycle economics, and economics of isotope and radiation applications) 2) nuclear law (relating to radioactive materials, nuclear installations, health, transport and storage of radioactive
29 materials, liability for nuclear damage, nuclear ships and other nuclear means of conveyance, the organization and administration of nuclear activities, nuclear disarmament and safeguards) 3) nuclear documentation (data and literature handling) 4). • safeguards and inspection (technical and other aspects) 5) mathematical methods and computer codes, and 6) general relevant documents (e.g. on financing and administration) and progress reports
As seen in the examples on primary and secondary categories, BI6 and E51 each consist of a letter identifying the broad subject field, and 2 digits identifying the category within the field. Every category is thus represented by a 3-charactcr alpha-numeric code.
To recapitulate:
/. The subject scope and subject categories are described in the Reference Series IAEA-INIS-3(Rev.5) INIS: Subject Categories and Scope Descriptions.
2. The Subject Scope is divided into 6 fields and 100 categories(')
3. Every category is expressed by a 3-character alpha-numeric code(').
4. A document may be assigned lo more than one category.
DESCRIPTORS and the INIS THESAURUS
If free language were used, input preparation would'Vequire less effort, and would therefore be less expensive. The computer programs would, however, become considerably more complicated. Satisfactory retrieval then becomes largely dependent on the quality of the title and/or abstract. Effective retrieval also necessitates considerable skill in making allowance for all the vagaries of free language and involves sophisticated search strategies.
Using controlled language for describing the contents of a document at the input stage is more laborious and costly, since it requires the careful selection of descriptors from a Thesaurus. Descriptors are approved index terms used to describe the subject contents of a document. A controlled vocabulary is used to avoid the ambiguities and diffuseness of everyday natural language, and because of the advantages it presents for simplified computer storage and search operations. Searches using descriptors will depend considerably of the quality of indexing.
The INIS Thesaurus reflects the INIS subject scope above: whereas particular attention evidently needs to be paid to such topics as nuclear physics and reactor technology, some provision also has to be made for a variety of other areas involved by the applications of radiations and radioisotopes. Such related areas cover a wide range of topics, from plant breeding, food irradiation and ecology to nuclear law, documentation and administration.
A Thesaurus essentially serves as a tool for information retrieval (see 2.4.4). Every descriptor must be well defined and unambiguous. Its semantic definition is provided by the
(') Sec 1.3.1(b)
30 structure of its accompanying word block, further clarified by a scope note where necessary, Existing intcr-rclationships between individual descriptors mus! be made evident, if consistency in indexing is to be achieved, particularly in a decentralized system. The Thesaurus developed for 1N1S recognizes three kinds of relationship: preferential, hierarchical and affinitive. Any descriptor is printed with its own word block in which these are indicated.
(i) Preferential relationships
One term may be preferred to another, in order to avoid ambiguity, standardize terminology and spelling, explain abbreviations, etc. The term or terms to which a descriptor is preferred are also indicated, preceded by the letters UF ( = used for).
Example: RECOMMENDATIONS UF -guidelines
To help the indexer locate the accepted descriptor, "guidelines" is also listed in the Thesaurus but as a forbidden term, with an indication of the accepted term to be used instead. (Entries concerning inter-relationships are always reciprocal).
-guidelines USE recommendations
One word may have several meanings. Such a word is known as a homograph. To achieve correct retrieval, its use needs to be artificially restricted and the only acceptable context indicated clearly. An example is given below.
The word "plasma" may refer to blood plasma or to an ionized gas. A distinction is introduced as
-plasma (blood) USE blood plasma.
"PLASMA" thus being reserved exclusively for an ionized gas in plasma physics.
Accepted abbreviations are explained by referring to the suppressed full-length expression:
Example: DNA UF -dcoxypentose nuclei acid UF -deoxyribonucleic acid UF -desoxyribonuclcic acid
For words with the same meaning (synonyms) the preferred word is indicated:
Example: The element, variously known as "niobium" and "columbium", is entered as NIOBIUM UF -columbium
Where concepts may be considered to be synonyms, for purposes of indexing and retrieval, a preference is expressed.
Example: -maxwcll-boltzmann distribution USE boltzmann statistics
The SEE reference is primarily intended to resolve the difficulty of homonyms. The user has to select the specific meaning intended from a number of alternatives which may be available in the thesaurus.
Example: -processing SEE fabrication OR data processing
SEEN FOR (SF) is the mandatory reciprocal mentioned earlier, accompanying the descriptor to which the SEE-reference points.
FABRICATION SF -processing
31 (ii) Hierarchical relationships
A concept may be expressed "at different levels of specificity", each represented by corresponding descriptors. A semantic relationship exists between such different hierarchical or generic levels. A simple example will illustrate this:
THICKNESS belongs to the more general concept DIMENSIONS which is said to represent a broader term (BT). HALF-THICKNESS, on the other hand, is even more specific than THICKNESS, and represents a narrower term (NT). These relationships are indicated as
THICKNESS BT! dimensions NTI half-thickness where the number 1 indicates the first level of specificity or generality. Hierarchical levels when entered under HALF-THICKNESS look slightly different:
HALF-THICKNESS BT1 thickness BT2 dimensions where DIMENSIONS represent the second level of broader terms relativ» to HALF- THICKNESS. Under DIMENSIONS, the entry reads
DIMENSIONS NTI depth NTI height NTI length NTI thickness NT2 half-thickness [2nd level of specificity] NTI width
(iii) Affinitive relationships
When semantic relationships exist between different descriptors which do not, however, belong to the same class of concepts, this affinity is indicated by the symbol RT (related term).
In the example above, DIMENSIONS have the following related terms
RT amplitudes RT distance RT shape RT size RT topology RT volume
Related terms help to define the meaning of a descriptor. Thus, the word block following the descriptor MIRRORS
MIRRORS 141; 41] RT optical properties RT optical systems RT telescopes makes it clear that the descriptor is to be used in the optical and not in the magnetic sense. This is confirmed by the subsequent entry
-mirrors (magnetic) USE magnetic mirrors
32 Scope Note The word block of a descriptor may be preceded by a scope note introduced to clarify the intended meaning or use. to explain restricted use or to act as warning against misuse.
Examples:
Restricted use
1) FERTILE MATERIALS 169; 691 (Materials containing nuclides capable of being transformed into fissile nuclides by neutron capture.)
2) AGING 1602; 6971 (Limited to metallurgy. l;or biological aging use LIFE CYCLE or LIFE SPAN.)
Caution against indiscriminate use of very general terms
I )(2) THICKNESS 12.093 ; 2.1301 (Index only if essential.)
2) TABLES 12,303; 2,3031 (Use only for significant tables of data.)
Explanation of acronyms
BCOCLMCNM 126; 261 (Brussels Convention on Civil Liabilily for Maritime Carriage of Nuclear Materials) UF -brass conv maritime liab 1971 UF -lábil conv marit car nucl mat UF -marit car liab conv bruss 1971
Complementary descriptors, each with restricted use
For practical reasons, it is necessary to distinguish between radioactive and non-radioactive pollution. By agreement, CONTAMINATION is to be reserved for radioactive pollution and POLLUTION for non-radio active pollution. This information is given in a scope note.
CONTAMINATION 12.364 ; 2.5981 (For radioactive contamination only; see also POLLUTION.)
POLLUTION 1542; 2,3971 (For nonradioactive pollution only; for radioactive pollution use CONTAMINATION.)
Many concepts can be expressed by the coordination of two existing descriptors, rather than introducing a new one.
(:) 'Thick stainless steel plates were welded". THICKNESS inappropriate
'Thermal and irradiation tests were performed on coaled fuel panicles to determine the optimium thickness of fuel-free graphite coating needed to encase the fucl-graphitc core". THICKNESS appropriate
33 For some forbidden terms the steps are even indicated:
Example: -growth stimulation USE growth AND stimulation
Inversely, the incompleteness of the UF reference under STIMULATION alone is indicated as
STIMULATION UF+ -growth stimulation
Some descriptors already combine two terms, e.g. "heavy" and "water", forming the single pre-coordinated descriptor HEAVY WATER. Another example is BLOOD PLASMA, mentioned earlier.
Indexer- and computer-assigned descriptors
From the examples given, it will have been noted that every descriptor in the Thesaurus is accompanied by two figures in parentheses. The first indicates the frequency with which that descriptor has been used by indexers. Indexed information stored on magnetic tape provides not only the descriptor assigned by the indexer, but also its broader terms which are automatically added by the computer. This process of up-posting proves a very useful feature in the planning of retrieval strategy, since it facilitates searches at different (narrower and broader) levels of specificity; it thus also permits some allowance to be made for indexing inconsistencies. The practical implications are discussed more fully in section 2.4.4.
The second figure next to a descriptor represents the combined frequency with which the particular descriptor has been assigned by the indexer and the computer.
The Thesaurus at present contains more than 15,000 descriptors and about 4400 forbidden terms. Over the last 3 years it has been growing at about 450 descriptors and 160 forbidden terms per year, with a trend towards stabilization. New descriptors for inclusion are proposed by indexers who must give convincing reasons for their need, and include a definition and word block. Descriptors must not exceed 30 characters in length.
New revisions of the Thesaurus appear twice a year; in the interim periods 1NIS members are kept up to date by a Supplement issued monthly.
French and German versions of the Thesaurus, prepared by INIS Centres in France and the Federal Republic of Germany are published by the IAEA as part of the INIS Reference Series. A Russian version prepared by the INIS Centre in the USSR will be published shortly.
To recapitulate:
INIS: THESAURUS [IAEA-INIS-13]
/. corresponds to INIS subject scope [IAEA-1N1S-3]. 2. contains valid (15,000) and forbidden (4400) descriptors. 3. is dynamic, and appears twice a year, with interim monthly supplements. 4. presents every descriptor with its own wordblock, which indicates preferential, hierarchical and/or affinitive relationships with associated descriptors. Symbols used: UF,UF+,SF,BT,NT,RT,USE,SEE,OR Scope notes are given with some descriptors to clarify and/or restrict their application.
34 INDEXING
Indexing should, whenever possible, be done by subject specialists - just as the final selection of documents for inclusion in INIS and the assignment of subject categories.
The subject contents of a document are identified by the selection of descriptors specific for the whole document. Their occurrence together (i.e. in coordination) is characteristic for the topic(s) in that document. The process is called coordinate indexing.
The essential ccntents of a document are indexed by selecting the most specific descriptors from the Thesaurus.
Example: Food irradiation could be expressed by FOOD and IRRADIATION, but more specific information should be given on the tvpe of food (CHERRIES. MEAT, MILK PRODUCTS, etc.) and radiation involved.
The display of a complete wordblock with each descriptor tells the indexer whether the meaning of the descriptor has been interpreted correctly; whether he should consider using a more specific term (selected from the NTs available); and whether some related concept (suggested by the RTs) might also be significant for the document being indexed.
The ultimate aim of indexing is to enable someone with a specific subject interest, e.g. a scientist, to retrieve those documents from the whole data base which will be relevant to that subject. If other than essential concepts have been indexed (overindexing) that document will be retrieved even when it has little or no actual information to offer in the fields concerned. It therefore wastes the scientist's time since the search has produced an irrelevant and therefore useless document (or "noise"). If indexing has been insufficient (underindexing), important information may be lost because the document would not be retrieved when actually relevant.
Retrieval, and search strategy to obtain optimal results for a given enquiry, will be discussed in some detail in 2.4.4.
Printed subject index: Entries selected by double-level flagging
The main topic r topics of a document should be identified for entering in the subject index of INIS Atomindex. A representative subject heading is selected from the descriptors assigned to the document, the most essential one being used as main heading. The full topic is more easily conveyed when this descriptor is accompanied by another directly relevant descriptor, which qualifies the main heading and is called the qualifier. The flagging at two levels thus identifies a main heading/qualifier (M/Q) pair. The descriptor pair should then convey the essence of the document. More than one such pair may be needed.
A typical entry in the subject index is given below, set out under the main heading of LUNGS, with a variety of qualifiers (biological radiation effects, delayed radiation effects, emboli pathology, etc.). Some M/Q pairs are followed by numerous references.
Examples:
LUNGS: biological radiation effects Biological effects of radon on the lung. (C21). 273104 Biological effects of daily inhalation of radon and its short-lived daughters in experimental animals. (C21, C54; Hamsters, rats, mice). 273107 Experimental research on the effects of inhalation of two beta emitters: ccrium-144 and cerium-141. Study of shortening of life and inducement of cancer. Effect of dose and carrier. (C21). 273112 Mantle irradiation in Hodgkin's disease. An analysis of technique, tumor eradication, and complications. (C15). 273023 Role of postoperative irradiation in carcinoma of the breast. (CIS). 273061 LUNGS: delayed radiation effects Effects of therapeutic irradiation delivered in early childhood upon subsequent lung function. (CIS). 273063 LUNGS: emboli Efficacy of emergency radionuclide perfusion lung studies. (C31). 273121
35 LUNGS: pathology Biological effects of daily inhalation of radon and its short-lived daughters in experimental animals. (C21. C54; Hamsters, rats, mice). 273107 LUNGS: radiation doses Industrial hygiene group. (CS2, C21; Health hazards of environmental pollutants). 273220 Radiological health significance of radon in natura) gas. (C21). 273087 Relation between cumulative exposure to ntdon-daughtcrs. lung dose, and lung cancer risk. (C21, B33, C54). 273085 Review of the uranium miner experience in the United States. (C21, C54). 273083 LUNGS: radionuclide kinetics Effect of ventilation variables on breath thoron output. (C21; Dogs). 273067 Kinetics and distribution of xcnon-133 and krypion-85 in the human body. (C21). 273118 Kinetics of total body retention and clearance of xenon and krypton after inhalation. (C21; .\e. 7,Kr. 85Kr). 273115 Volterra integral c nation of the first kind. (F50, C21). 273947 LUNGS: scintiscanning Efficacy of emergency radionuclide perfusion lung studies. (C31). 273121 Noble gases in nuclear medicine. (C31; A: traitr technique!,). 273128 Radiologic diagnosis of pujpionary embolism. (C3I). 273148 Simultaneous counting of Kr in lung and myocardium during measurement of coronary blood 0ow. (C31). 273123
An illustration of effective M/Q assignation lo draw attention to the essence of a paper is given below:
Example:
273166 Yamamoto, Moriyuki (Taisei Construction Co. Ltd., Tokyo (Japan). Technical Research Inst.); Tsuda, Eiichi; Yoshida, Tadaharu. A study on a facility for wood sterilization by gamma-ray irradiation. (In Japanese). Gcnshiryoku Kogyo. (Jul 1975). v. 21(7) p. 41—46. A method for exterminating noxious wood insects using • radiation was reported. The Y-ray dose which killed the insects within 48 hours was 250-300 Krad, while v-ray dose which killed within 5 days was 200 Krad. The experimental results revealed that insects can be successfully sterilized with 12 Krad. Economically, the cost to prevent the damage from noxious insects is a little higher than the cost of ^routine methods. However, it seems to be possible to lower the total cost by automation and it seems that the method can be put into practical use. (Tsukamoto, Y.). INSECTS: sterilization; WOOD: pest control.
Linked Groups of Descriptors
When distinctly different subjects are treated in a publication (e.g. chapters in a book, or different papers in the poceedings of a conference) these are subdivided at the bibliographic level, and treated as separate pieces of literature. If, however, different topics occur within one document, it may result in a false coordination of the descriptors available.
Example: The concept "tensile properties of steel" would be indexed ¿y TENSILE PROPERTIES and STEELS. A second concept, the "hardness of aluminium", might be discussed in the same paper and indexed as HARDNESS and ALUMINIUM. The hardness of steel is not discussed in the paper, yet the document might be retrieved by such false coordination. Such errors can be avoided by linking corresponding descriptors, so that in a search each linked group will effectively be treated as a separate entry: [I] TENSILE PROPERTIES [2] HARDNESS STEELS ALUMINIUM
False coordination can be avoided by the introduction of linked groups, connecting descriptors relating to one specific concept.
36 Proposing a new descriptor
lf an indexer considers that a new descriptor is requited he may propose it. with Teasons justifying such an addition, a semantic definition (and scope note, if necessary), and an appropriate word block. The new proposal is checked at the IAEA, and appropriate action taken. Highly specialized terms (names of species, etc) are often more suitably introduced as a title augmentation. The principles of title augmentation are illustrated in 13.1(b).
The total number of descriptors used is entered on the INIS worksheet in tag 008; the back of the worksheet (part 3, level 9, tag 800) provides vertical columns for link indicators, descriptors, and main heading and/or qualifier labels. A newly proposed term needs to be entered not only in tag 800 but also in tag 810, where a definition and a proposed word block have to be indicated in the right hand column.
tí 9 * i S INIS COUNT** TIA« muai hum ira i 5 < K WORKSHEET / • w - C 0 OOl 1 1 1 1 1no a 1 OOQ 004 BIBUlOORATlllC AND INDEXING DATA
b UN ? d t i J a Q l S \ \ i SS Í \ i 5 5 a i 9 i 1 COLilC T J i Î ï ¡ a u i H C ° c H J P n T / A M B C / K N U W V. Y 1 /III VW/ TTrt Of UCOMO HUa LXVTL UTIKAR1 tNDIC»TD« - t
Main Heading and/or Link Indicators Descriptors Qualifier Labels •
HiO Proposed Descriptors Definition or Intended Meaning and Suggested Associated Terms
FIG. 2.1.1
37 To recapitulate:
INDEXING [IAEA-1N1S-12]
/. The aim of indexing is subsequent realistic document retrieval.
7 The subject content of a document is identified by coordination of descriptors.
3. The most specific appropriate descriptor should be used.
4. The most significant descriptor pairs are selected as entries in the subject index. They should convey the essence of the paper.
False coordination may be avoided by the use of linked groups.
6. A new descriptor may be proposed, with definition and word block.
ABSTRACTS
Abstracts are required to be submitted for all INIS documents, with the exception of short communications (i.e. items which do not exceed the length of an INIS abstract). The abstract, in English, is printed in INIS Atomindex; additional abstracts in other languages are included on the magnetic tape, provided they can be expressed by the available character sets. When such abstracts are in the IAEA's working languages, namely French, Russian or Spanish, they are also printed, following the mandatory English abstract.
Abstracts may be submitted on worksheets, their number being indicated at Tag 008. Each abstract submitted is entered on a separate sheet. The language of an abstract is entered at Tag 850, the abstract at Tag 860 (see 2.1.2). Abstracts may also be submitted on OCR sheets or in other machine-readable form. Scientific symbols or expressions which do not conform to the available character set (see Fig. 1.3.2-1) need to be encoded.
An abstract is like an advertisement: it draws attention to a product in a few words. It does not, however, try to convince the potential user but only to offer him enough information to enable him to decide, independently, whether it would be worth his while to try and locate the original document, and to read it. Depending on the quality of the information presented, an abstract may save (or waste) considerable time and money.
An abstracts journal is as good as its coverage and the quality of its abstracts. INIS abstracts should be as informative as possible, provided the length of the abstract does not exceed 2000 characters(3).
Significant information needs to be selected and presented in a condensed form, with the utmost precision and brevity. Quite generally, the essentials to be included are the topic, purpose and scope of an investigation, the methods employed, the results obtained and, if possible, the conclusions to be drawn.
Sometimes it is only possible to supply an indicative abstract which, as its name implies, presents only a short description and general statements, rather than the quantitative data to be generally expected of an informative abstract.
(!) This count includes blanks and punctuation marks
38 Instructions on how to formulate abstracts, for different types of documents (from reviews and theses to manuals, journal articles, technical reports, etc.) and in different subject areas, are given in Reference Series 1AEA-INIS-4. Some examples of actual abstracts are given in the Appendix (2-A.6).
To recapitulate:
ABSTRACTS [IAEA-1NIS-4]
/. Must be submitted in English. Versions in other languages are accepted if adaptable to English or Cyrillic character sets.
Should not exceed 2000 characters.
3. Scientific expressions which cannot be expressed by the existing character set must be encoded.
4. Abstracts should be informative rather than indicative.
2.1.2. Forms of Input
(a) Worksheet
INIS inputting centres, particularly when beginning to provide input to the system, have the possibility of submitting it on worksheets for conversion to machine-readable form at the INIS processing center at the IAEA. Detailed instructions for completing these forms are found in 1AEA-IN1S-1. There are two kinds of worksheet forms:
the bibliographic and indexing worksheet, and the abstracts worksheet.
(See Appendix 2-A.5 and Fig.2.1.2-3).
The bibliographic and indexing worksheet
The front page is used for control and bibliographic data, the back is reserved for entering descriptors. The upper part of the front page contains control data and is called the worksheet header (A). Each control data clement is identified by a 3-digit tag number, just as any bibliographic information element.
The various data elements follow ir ascending order (see Fig.2.1.2.-1 AI to A4):
(A) The Header should be completed by hand; where codes are printed in the boxes, these should be encircled.
(Al) Tag 001: TRN is the input number, consisting of the country code of the submitting centre, the year of submission and the running number which must never be used again for any other input item.
(A2) Tags 002-005 serve processing purposes.
(A3) Tags 006-007 serve to establish a relationship to another document description within the system.
39 A1 a ? j ^ j 5 INIS • • ? '• l 3 R N ! C D WORKSHEET 004 J 001 002L 003 005L BIBLIOGRAPHIC AND INDEXING DATA ^A3- A4 1 1 , MM i Í ! t 4 006 A2 1 j Ï 1 i « j s 007[ «M j î s¡! illiii 1 ! î > ^ - i_/Lzn/ci]> B¡ o ; F c H ; 1 j J » j «|T / A j M S C / K ; L N U ; w1 ri ' a 008[ I 0. -KC-U "* (Use a separate Worksheet for each level circled in theTSibltographic Level box starting with the left-most level and enter cods in • bo n. 009. For serial entries use section 2 of this Wo'r|w^Jft. Use Abstracts Worksheet for abstracts.)
Tog Data (enter by typewriter only) , Personal Author(s) 100 Inventor(s) Editor(s) (Affiliation^))
Corporate Entry/ no Assigne*
Acad. Oegree in Primary Title 200
Primary Subtltla 201
Jonf. Titlo 210
Conf. Place 211 Conf. Date 213 Original Title 230 (transliterated)
Original Subtitle (transliterated) 231 Edition 2S0 Report/ Patent Number 300 B- Sec. Number(i) 310 ISBN/IPC 320 Place of Publication 401 Publisher 402 Date of Publication 403 Collation 500
Language GOO
Notes 610
Availability Note 611 Title 620 Augmentation (Optional)
Affiliation Coden 700 Corp. Entry Code 710
2 009 sj (enter by typewriter only) Lewel Sariet/ 230 Journal Title
Serie»/ Journal Subtitle 231 ISSN 320 >B2 Date of Publication 403 Collation 500 Notes 610
Descriptiva Cataloguer: Indexer: Punchar:
F.oofreader: Date Completed:
A-14/R.v.l2IOct76) PLEASE TURN OVER INIS Form 1 (n«/.5) FIG. 2.1.2-1
40 (A4) Tnn 008 contains not only the subject category codc(s), the total number of descriptors, and the number of abstracts included, but also those control data described briefly under 2.1.1(a). Detailed instructions on how to assign the relevant type of record levels and literary indicators are given in 1AEA-INIS-I, chapter 3,1.6.4, and will not be repeated here. Some explanations on the functions of these codes, however, might be helpful.
Type of Record
Only one type of record may be assigned per document description. Its selection should be guided by the form in which a document is published; thus, for a journal article type of record, .1 is assigned, and occurs most frequently; for a book or an article in a book, literary indicator B is selected, for a scientific or technical report or a chapter in such a report. R, and for a patent P. The system provides for codes for additional types of material, such as films, maps, sound recordings, and computer material: these, however, are seldom used.
Bibliographic Level
The level(s) at which a document is treated are encircled; there may be up to 3 of these, depending on the depth of analysis. A journal article always has two levels, A for the description of the article, S for the citation of the journal, A piece of literature identified as book or report may have one level (M), two levels (AM or MS) or three levels (AMS), depending on whether the book or report is described as whole, whether it is analysed or whether it is published within a series. Bibliographic level C is rarely used, and will therefore not be discussed here.
Literary Indicator
While every document description must contain an indication of the type of record and must have at least one level identification, the assignment of the literary indicator will depend entirely on its applicability. A listing with detailed explanations can be found in IAEA-INÍS-I, chapter 3.1.6.6. There is one literary indicator which needs to be discussed in more detail, namely K for short communications. This is assigned when the article, paper or document described is itself an abstract or summary of the original article, paper or document, and is no longer than a normal abstract. For such literature, provision is made that no abstract need to accompany the bibliographic and indexing data. This literary indicator code is the signal to the computer programs that no abstract will be included.
(B) Body of the Worksheet
Section 1 (Bl on Fig.2.1.2-1) is used for levels A and M. For this reason, no level indication is printed in the box for tag 009 which identifies the level. For a document treated at level M only one worksheet will be needed, for a document treated at levels A and M, two worksheets. Levels are assigned in the order AMSC, the most specific level always coming first.
Section 2 (B2 on Fig.2.1.2-1) is used for the serial level ( ) only. The description of the serial level calls for a limited number of data elements, and therefore fits on the front page of the worksheet.
Section 3. The back page of the worksheet is used for entering descriptors and proposed descriptors (see 2.1.1(b)).
While the bibliographic level code indicates the number and kind of levels at which a document description has been treated, the type of record and the literary indicator have the function of checking the presence or absence of certain data elements. The inputter finds this illustrated in the "Matrix of Bibliographic Data Elements" discussed in IAEA-IN1S-1. A copy of this matrix is included in the Appendix (2-A.4). When cataloguing a piece of literature for INIS it is very good practice to check the required, permitted and forbidden data elements for each type of record and bibliographic level in this matrix, as illustrated below:
41 IMS WORKSHEET 001 002 003L 004 005L 17 BIBLIOGRAPHIC AND INDEXING DATA
1 1 ; „ i i - ; - % 006 007I 1 S * s\í i 1 ill i ? .JU..?:. 1lUlii-ä i .UJl. ïïï B a N [ U t I K ! 008 hdgiie:li3 ../ltd/lxi/ M ] i 1 l 1 r Ç*J/ T /
(Use a separate Worksheet for each level circled in the Bibliographic Level box starting with the left-most level and enter code in • box 009, For serial entries use section 2 of this Worksheet. Use Abstracts Worksheet for abstracts.) Level
Tag Data «VTM\ OF NBUOGHtrHIC DVT* EIE*E."TTS
Personal Author(s) 100 InvemorU) Editor!») •JNJOGUffllC (Afftlfationfs)) UVIL MONOCUmtC
Corporate Entry/ 110 Assigne»
Acad. Degree 111 •IlUOCUmiC CA TA rUMtNTS
Primary Title 200
Fr rein*! Aaihot/MifiM l**«nlM (Affilulion)
Primary Subtitle 201 Acta*mit Degr*« Conf. Title 210
Conf. Place 211 himatij Tltt« Frimiiv Subit ik Conl. Date 213 Con It it ne* Ttil* Original Title 230 Con'•!*•(* nie« (transliterated) Conf tic act Oll* Original Till* Original Subtitle (transliterated) 231 Original Submit Edition 250 Report/ Patent Number 300 • REQUIRED IDfNTIFTIHC HUMUM Sec, Number,*) 310 •rpori/FiitM Hurnbei IS8N/IPC 320 U cord My Number! O Placo oí ISBN. IPC' ISSN Publication 401 9* «INT ' > ~ r\ o t WUCIT Publisher 402 Um* of PuhUttutoa Date at 403 *. /J Publication Mim« ol hiblUwi • Collation 500 Date of Publiciuo*
Language 600 COLLATION' Notes 610 LAHGUAGI
NOTtS* Availability Note 611 Avaiiabilit* Title 620 Augmentation AüTrtOWTY CODTS* (Optional) Atlll taitón
Affiliation Code 700 Coi point tfiHf Code INDUING Corp. Entry Cod* 710 Pncrtpion 2 009fs] Proocaed Oriclipion ABSTRACTS Level Serie»/ 230 Journal Tille
1 Iiih*r pcnonal »ulhor or («ponte cntrjr nuit b« given » Indien«) irnt ilïe con et ponding diu clement m 1 Serio»/ For rtporti lh* (dit Ion it cru err d «t part of ihc report number aiioclaled lypt oí ft?corrí; t.g. a IUI* muit b* 231 1 Journal Subtitle For ttriM ihe dal* oí pub licit ton H omiiitd p 1 ludicatu ttvit (ht cormpondtrag data clement m fat (oucul Mlle!** thfi cotillion li nuscd oc 1***1 S. ihc piece of II it rit ui( being catalogued, e.g. * ISSN 320 lot ail otboi (air/Ucil ewiej ibc collation I* caía ti on Itttí .» • lad le* tu ibil tba cmtipuocLng data tliitienl U 1 For map., *i Ut ti Jnd drin logt tnet the iul*. tot fibn* the running time, Data of filtered for (h* iiioclitcd ivp* oí tecord; e.g. 403 lot pbofKsctofdi the tpeed In fpm enmed far paienu Publication 1 Th*t« codi» muH bc gl**n «heiwvcr ibe ever et ponding dii* tltirumi ttt tote ltd Collation 500 WHIN 1MHT1CAL INTRItS WOULD OCCU« IN MULTMIVtL «COU* IMTt* OHW AT TM MOST AfFICFIQATt UVtL. Notes 610 IN CASIS WHItf IDfNnCAL INTHtS AT TWO UVTU Attf tOUAUY AfPWOftlATEt EN TCI ONLY AT THE U3WCST UVtU
FIG. 2.1.2-2
42 It is important to remember that a tag identifying a certain data element always has the same meaning: it is the level preceding this information Lhat determines whether an original title (tag 230) is the title of the article described or the title of the journal in which this article has been published.
A number of data elements must be structured in a form suitable for computer checking, cither by introducing special marks (delimiters) or by ensuring that they conform with corresponding data on an authority file. (For explanations of authority files, see 2.2.4). The author's field, tag 100, represents an example of a structured data element. The authors" names are given, separated from each other and followed by the relevant affiliations, as below:
Tag 100: The comma divides the name from the initials, the semicolon separates one author from the other, the brackets pick out the affiliation.
With the help of these punctuation marks the computer programs can locate each author's name and use it in an author index.
At this point it must be stressed that consistency is most important because the slightest discrepancy will invariably show up in the author index where works by the same author should be assembled as one entry.
Authors' names are entered according to the Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules. As the chapter on entering authors' names is not up-to-date, the use of "Names of Persons: National Usages for Entry in Catalogues", published by IFLA, 1977, is recommended as an auxiliary tool.
Another example of formatted and computer-checked fields are tags 213 (conference data) and 403 (publishing date) at all levels. While this information is generally important for retrieval purposes, the conference index is sorted according to dates, and this would not be feasible without a computer check at the input stage.
Tags 200 201 210 are all title fields 230 231
As English is the carrier language of the system, each document description requires an English title, translated into English if necessary. This is always entered at tag 200, a subtitle at tag 201. The corresponding original titles are given in tags 230 and 231, respectively. If an article appeared in English, tags 230 and 231 remain empty. If the original title is in a language that uses non-Roman characters these are transliterated according to IAEA-INIS-10.
A series or journal title need not be translated and, since no editor of a serial is required either. Section 2 of the worksheet begins with tag 230, the serial title. A journal title is abbreviated according to an ISO Standard (International Standard ISO-833: Documentation - International List of Periodical Title Word Abbreviations 1974-11-01) and this abbreviated title is matched against the title on the journal title authority file maintained by the INIS Secretariat. This authority is printed and distributed annually as IAEA-IN1S-11 (see also 2.2.4).
The other authority maintained by the IAEA with active assistance from the Member States is the Authority List for Corporate Entries and Report Number Prefixes. Whenever an affiliation or a corporate author/issuing body is given at tags 100/110 this is matched automatically, together with the relevant code given at tag 700/710, against the coresponding entry in the authority file. The concept of affiliation and corporate author/issuing body is explained in IAEA-IN1S-1, and the corporate entry authority is discussed in more detail in 2.2.4. An alternative exists to citing the complete text of a corporate entry: the relevant code may be given at tags 100/110 followed by the country code to save keyboarding efforts. Before INIS Atomindex output is produced, the codes are replaced by the text at tags 100/110 and are transferred to tags 700/710. This, of course, is only possible for corporate entries which are already available in the authority. New corporate entries are considered in 2.2.4.
43 Affiliations arc frequently cited inadequately in the literature submitted, and may therefore be entered in an unstandardized way; each unstandardized affiliation is accompanied by an x at tag 700.
The same authority includes a listing of report number prefixes, also maintained for checking purposes, and this is matched against report number prefixes given at tags 300/310. The alphabetic part, which forms the prefix, is separated from the numeric - variable - part by a double hyphen (- -).
The body of the worksheet should be completed by typewriter. Information entered within a data field should not end with a fullstop, which is reserved for abbreviations only. During processing, the fullstops terminating a data field are added by the computer in such a way that a distinction can be made between a grammatical and an abbreviation fullstop.
It must be understood that the above cannot serve as a substitute for the pertinent INIS Reference Manuals, namely, INIS: Descriptive Cataloguing Rules and its companion volume. INIS: Descriptive Cataloguing Samples, but can only give some highlights and comments.
The Abstracts Worksheet also begins with lag 001, the input number or TRN, and links the abstracts worksheet with the bibliographic and indexing worksheet. Each abstract has a bibliographic level, identified by the code X, and the language code identifying the language in which the particular abstract is written. A list of language codes is found in IAEA-INIS-1. The language of the abstract is also entered followed by the text of the abstract. The length of the abstract should not exceed 2000 characters.
s S * i S INIS s COUNT!? TtAi ilUAL MIMIfl i WORKSHEET / e o MINI 1 1 M 1 1 oca oral 1 1 1 1 1 rmiLiocrwnic AND INDEXING DATA HCOMJ ITA TIS A M t CT ED W fc 1 fc ï i J S i 1 Itwj l a S 1 5 i a B i i a x t s i i COUIC T 1 1 i 9 a Q u c D F o H J p n T A M S c K L N V •/. Y E .LTDII jyny / / /11 TTPÏOf «COUD lima t/v il UTIURT WDKATOt
INIS M» WORKSHEET 001 no? ABSTRACTS
j x ^1 j I j (Uso a separate Worksheet for each language version of the abstract) 009
Tag Data (enter by typewriter only) Language 850 Abstract 860
FIG. 2.1.2-3
44 To recapitulate:
WORKSHEET [IAEA-INIS-1]
/. The bibliographic information. control information and index terms arc entered in the bibliographic and the indexing portions of the worksheet. A separate worksheet is needed for each abstract.
j For the sake of consistency. some data fields are structured rigidly and arc computer-checked.
2.1.2(b) Machine-readable form
As has been mentioned under 1.3.2(b), three forms of machine-readable input are acceptable:
OCR Paper tape Magnetic tape
The relative distribution of input among these different input media has undergone considerable changes as indicated in the diagram below. 1973 was the year when INIS changed to full scope, 1976 the year when OCR sheets began to arrive as regular input.
V. too - -100
so- - 90
so - 80
70 - 70
60- 60
50- - 50
40 *0
30 - - 30
20- - 20
10 10 (1
1973 1 977 1973 1977
I j MAGNETIC TAPE I j TOTAL MACHINE-READABLE INPU1
|fH PAPER TAPE fÜj WORKSHEETS INPUT
fH WORKSHEETS
H OCR
FIG.2.1.2-1 TRENDS IN MACHINE-READABLE INPUT
The required formats for input in machine-readable form are discussed briefly in 4.1; the relevant explanations of the character set, encoding rules for special characters, technical instructions on the preparation of paper tape, and description of the magnetic tape format are found in INIS-7, 8 and 9, respectively.
45 The choice of input medium depends on the technical capability of the particular input centre.
Centres may submit the bibliographic and indexing information in one form and abstract information in another, a concession made for a transitional period only, in view of the organizational burden placed on the Secretariat.
To recapitulate:
Type Appropriate Relevant sections 1AEA-1NIS in OMINAS Reference Series
OCR in preparation 1.3.2(b)(i) '
1 1.3.3(b) Paper tape 7 j- l.3.2(b)(ii) - 8 4.1.
Magnetic Tape 7 j- 1.3.2(b)(iii) 9
2.2 Output Products
2.2.1. INIS Atomindex
The journal appears twice a month, and is available to the public on annual subscription. Details of subscription rates and how to place orders are given in the Appendix (2-A.l).
INIS Atomindex is prepared from the semi-monthly INIS magnetic tapes by computer- driven photocomposition (see 4.4). The bulk of the information contained in the magnetic tapes is printed in Atomindex. The major exception to this are the subject descriptors which are mainly used in computer searches: they aïe omitted from all printed entries accompanied by abstracts (i.e. they are only given for "short communications".)
In addition, abstracts in languages other than the four official languages (English. French, Russian and Spanish) are included on tape, provided they can be expressed by the available character sets.
By contrast, the indexes available with the printed version described below are not included in the magnetic tape version.
Every issue of INIS Atomindex consists of a main section containing the entries, and various indexes.
290967 Robbins. ED.: Willi, J.C. Atlantic Richfield Hanford Co.. Richland, Wash. (USA). Freeze block testing of buried waste lines. ARH-CD-692. 20 May 1976. 28 p. Available from NTIS. $4.00. An Investigation was conducted to demonstrate application of freeze blocking in waste transfer lines such that a hydrostatic pressure test can be applied. A shop test was conducted on a 20-foot length, 3- inch schedule 40. carbon steel pipe using a coolant of dry ice and Freon. The positive results from these tests prompted a similar employment of the freeze block method in hydrostatic pressure testing the feed inlet leading to 241-S-101 Waste Tank. This pipeline is a 3- inch schedule 10, stainless steel pipe approximately 800 feet long. The freeze block was formed near the lower end of the pipe as it entered the 101-S Waste Tank and a pressure hold test was applied to this pipeline. This test proved the integrity of the pipeline in question, and demonstrated the validity of freeze blocking an open-ended pipeline which could not be hydrotcsted in other conventional ways. The field demonstration facility, costing $30.200 was completed late in 1975. PIPELINES: testing; RADIOACTIVE WASTES: waste transportation.
A typical entry, with abstract, is shown above - with the main heading and qualifier entries for the subject index following the abstract.
46 INDEXES
1. Personal Author Index
contains one entry for each personal author of every document listed in the issue. The index entry for the author whose name appears first in the main entry gives the full titie of the document of which he is the author, together with the RN of the main entry for that document. The entry for each additional author, if any, contains the RN of the main entry of the document of which he is a joint author, together with a reference to the name of the first author.
Examples: Mauna, P.L. Bcryllium(II), mangancsc(ll) and uranyl(VI)-salicylamidc complexes. 324078 Maxwell, J.C Uranium hydrogcochcmical and stream sediment reconnaissance in the San Juan Mountains, Southwesl Colorado. (GJBX-22(77)) 324452 Maxwell. R.L. Experimental stress analysis ol the attachment region of hemispherical shells with attached nozzles. Part 2b. Radial nozzle 7.875 in. O.D.-7.500 in. I.D. 10.00 in. penetration. (ORNL/Sub/2203 - 5) 325201, 325202 May, UN. Experimental study of charged rho photoproduction from hydrogen and deuterium. 323629 Mayaud, P.N. Analysis of a hundred-years series of magnetic activity indices. III. Is the frequency distribution logarilhmo-normal. 324506 Mayer-Boericke, CU. Comments on the optical model pc'enlial derived from alpha- scattering on «Ca and «Ca at 100 MeV. (INP- 870/PL) 323849 llauscr-Fcshbach contributions to the clastic (u.ct) cross-section of »Mg. (INP-870/PL) 323851 Resonance exchange of tritons in the scattering process 'Li(«,a)'Li. (INP-870/PL) 323850 Yrast levels and the effect of Coriolis forces in deformed nuclei. (INP-870/PL) 323852 Mayer, B. Sec Bauer. T. 323775 Mayer, N. Measurements on the bounds of the possible. 325523 Mayes, B.W. See Felder, R.D. 323806 Mayo, M.A. Sec Robinson, DJ. 324693
2. Corporate Entry Index
contains one entry for the name of each organization or institution included in the main entry of every document listed in the issue, unless the organization or institution is cited as the author's affiliation only, in which case no index entry is made. Each index entry contains the title of the document for which the organization or institution is responsible, together with the RN for the main entry of that document.
State Univ. of New York. Buffalo (USA) Robust calibration and radioimmunoassay. 324791 Spectrum shape studies of K electron ejection in beta decay: ,slSm, •'Sr. and »°Bi. 323777 State Univ. of New York, Stony Brook (USA) Gauge field models of weak interactions. 323474 Strasbourg! Univ„ 67 (France). Centre de Recherches Nucléaires Experimental consequences of flavor- and muon number-changing neutral currents in an SU(2)xU(l) gauge model with CP nonconscrvalionJ (CRN-HE-76-26) 323451 Study of possible relationships between leptons and partons. (CRN- HE-76-21) 323537 Stuttgart Univ. (Til) (Germany, F.R.). Inst, fuer Kernenergetik Application of internal nodes on using finite elements in reactor physics. (IKE-4-70) 325667 Improvement of the rate of convergence on iterative solution of systems of linear equations by an extended block rclaxion method. (IKE—4-67) 323641 Reexamination of cross-sections for fast neutrons by computational checking of single material integral experiments. (IKE-6-101) 323644 Theoretical considerations on the heat pipe. (IKE-5-50d) 325039
47 Syyiir. na Nauchnile McdiLsinski Druzhcstva v Bylgariya, Soria Second national conference on medical biology and genetics with international participation and symposium on population genetics and demography of hereditary diseases. (INIS-mf-3315) 324542» 324556. 324572. 324618. 324625. 324646. 324650, 324675, 324681 Syyur. na Nauchnite Rabotnitsi v Bylgariya, Sofia Second national conlcrence on medical biology and genetics with international participation and symposium on population genetics and demography ol hereditary diseases. ONlS-mf-3315) 324542, 324556, 324572, 324618. 324625, 324646, 324650, 324675, 324681
T
Tcchnickockonomicky Vyikumny Uslav llutniho Prumyslu, Prague (Czechoslovakia) Sleels for nuclear power. I. (lNlS-mf-3745) 324187 Technische Hochschule Aachen (Germany, F.R.). Lehrstuhl fuer Reaktortcchnik Dose faclors to calculate the radiation exposure due to radioactive waste air from nuclear facilities. (Jucl- 1381) 324838
3. Report, Standard and Patent Number Index
contains an entry for every item of non-conventional literature included in the issue. Index entries arc made under the number which has been assigned to the publication by the organization or institution responsible for its production. If the document was not assigned a reference number at the source, it is assigned an INIS-mf- number by the INIS Secretariat. Each index entry gives the RN for the main entry of the document. Microfiche copies of all documents listed in this index are available from the INIS Clearinghouse, unless a statement to the contrary appears in the index. Prior to issue 13 of volume 8 the source from which a copy of the document could be obtained, or the availability of the document in another form was only given in the main entry. Now it is also given in the index. See also the section headed "How to obtain copies of documents cited in INIS Atomindex" (Appendix 2-A.l).
Examples:
IIEDL-TME INR - 1486/17/C/A 325496 1N1S INR-15U/22/C/B 324138 INIS I1EDL-TME-75-138 325067 INIS; Available from NTIS. SI1.00. 1NR-1521/1/C/B 324075 INIS INR-1537/4/C/B 324311 INIS 11M1 INR- 1594/15A/E/B 324984 Available from Nuclear Energy MM!-215 325670 Publisher Information Center, Warsaw. IA 1A- 1321 324863 1NIS INT INT- 100/1 324449 INIS IAE IAE-2360 325438 INIS IPNO IAE-2483 324332 INIS IPNO- 77-02 325080 INIS
IAEA-CN IPNO-PHN 1AEA-CN-35/D3 323173 Publisher IPNO-PhN-77-01 323865 INIS 1AEA-CN-35/D4 323256 Publisher IPNO-PhN-77-04 323811 INIS IPNO-PhN-77-06 323817 IMS IAEA-SM 1AEA-SM-210/304 IPNO-RC Sec BNL-22021 IPNO-RC-77-01 323729 INIS IAEA-SM-212/57 See BNWL-SA-5806 IPNO-T IPNO-T-76-10 323816 INIS ICP ICP- 1103 323908 INIS; Available from NTIS. $8.00. IPNO-TH IPNO-TH-77-05 323487 INIS IEA IPNO-TH-77-06 323661 INIS IEA-418 323090 INIS 1PNO-TH-77-09 323534 INIS IEA-44 6 324177 INIS IEA-449 325373 INIS 1PP IEA-451 324270 INIS IPP-4/I43 323165 IMS
48 4. Subject Index
contains one or more entries for every document included in the particular issue. Index entries are grouped alphabetically under subject headings, constructed by the combination of two of the descriptors assigned to the original magnetic tape record for the document (see 1.3.1(b) and 2.1.1(b)). They describe the document as specifically as possible. References relevant to a subject index entry are indicated by the full title of the document and, in round brackets, the subject category or categories, and any title augmentation which might have been supplied with the document. The reference number under which the entry appears in INIS Atomindex is listed alongside.
Examples:
MEDICAL ESTABLISHMENTS: biomedical radiography Equipment recommendations for uniform work places for routine stomaiolot;:..ïil radiodiagnosis. (C53). 324898 MEDICAL ESTABLISHMENTS: specifications Equipment recommendations for uniform work places for routine stomatological radiodiagnosis. (C53). 324898 MEDICAL PERSONNEL: medical surveillance The Radioactive Substances (Road Transport Workers! (Great Britain) (Amendment) Regulations 1975, Statutory Instrument 1975 No. 1522. (1-23, F24). 325637 MEDICAL PERSONNEL: radiation doses Reducing radiation exposure to patient and operator. (C15). 324638 MEDICAL PERSONNEL: radiation protection Methodology of mcningosis 'prophylaxis' with gold 198 colloids of leukemias and non-llodgkin lymphomas in children. (C2I). 324685 Reducing radiation exposure to patient and operator. (CI5). 324638 MEDICAL SUPPLIES Sec also PROSTHESES MEDICINE &e also AFTERLOADING; BIOMEDICAL RADIOGRAPHY; CHEMOTHERAPY: DENTISTRY; FLUOROSCOPY; NUCLEAR MEDICINE; RADIOLOGY; RADIOTHERAPY; SCINTISCANNING MEDICINES Sec DRUGS MEGAKARYOCYTES Sec BONE MARROW CELLS
NICKEL ALLOYS SUBJECTS I - 158
NICKEL: stresses of the isotopes " " « "Ni with the (d.p) reaction at 2.8 MeV Stress distribution in helium-ion implantations. (B25, A14). 324368 dcutcron energy. (A34). 323884 NICKEL: x-ray emission analysis NICKEL 63: energy levels Determination of trace transition elements in solids by proton Determination of the spectroscopic factors for some energy levels induced x-ray emission analysis. (Bll). 323937 of the isotopes " " " «Ni with the (d.p) reaction at 2.8 MeV NICKEL ALLOYS dcutcron energy. (A34). 323884 Sec also CHROMIUM-NICKEL STEELS; l/ASTELLOY C; IIASTELLOY X; NICKEL 54: form factors HAYNES ISS ALLOY; INCOLOY SCO; INCONEL S2; INVAR; NICKEL Ratio of isovcctor-to-isoscalar formfactors of I he giant d i pole BASE ALLOYS; SIMONIC PEI6; NIMOSIC 80A: STAINLESS STEEI.-302; resonance in nickel isotopes, (A34). 323835 STAINLESS STEEL-304L; STAINLESS STEEL-316; STAINLESS STEEL-.UI; NICKEL 64: giant resonance STEEL KIIISNWT: STEEL-OKI IIÓNIÍM3B: STEEL-OKHISNIOT; STEEL- Ratio of isovcctor-to-isoscalar formfactors of the giant dipolc OKI IISN9T; IIOIMET 700 resonance in nickel isotopes. (A34). 323835 NICKEL ALLOYS: phase diagrams NICKEL 64 TARGET: dculcron reactions On the occurrence of the sigma phase in transition metal alloys. Determination of the spectroscopic factors for some energy levels (B22|. 324188 of the isotopes " 01 " "Ni with the (d,p) reaction at 2.8 MeV NICKEL ALLOYS: submerged arc welding dcutcron energy. (A34). 323884 Investigation of mechanical properties and chemistry within a thick NICKEL 65: energy levels MnMoNi submerged arc wcldmcnt. (B2Î). 324174 Determination of the spectroscopic factors for some energy levels NICKEL ALLOYS: surfaces ol the isotopes " " »> «Ni with the (d,p) reaction at 2.8 MeV Sludy of preferential sputtering on binary alloy by in-situ Auger dcutcron energy. (A34). 323884 measurement of sputtered and sputter-deposited surfaces. (A 13). 323106 NIMONIC NICKEL ALLOYS: swelling Sec also NIMONIC PE16; NIMONIC SOA A correlation between swelling and the number of bonding d NIMONIC PElfc: physical radiation effects electrons in some iron and nickel alloys. (B22). 324231 Damage of a candidate CTR material in a high energy fluencc NICKEL ALLOYS: welded joints deuterium plasma. (A 14, B25). 323227 Investigation of mechanical properties and chemistry within a thick NIMONIC PEI6: quenching MnMoNi submerged arc wcldmcnt. (B21). 324174 The role of quenched-in vacancies in the ageing of Nimonic alloys. NICKEL BASE ALLOYS (B22). 324293 See also HASTELLOY C; IIAYNES ISS ALLOY; INCONEL 82; NIMONIC NIMONIC »IIA: quenching PEI6; NIMONIC 80A; UDIMET 700 The role of quenched-in vacancies in the ageing of Nimonic alloys. NICKEL BASE ALLOYS: cracks (B22). 324293 Investigation of the structure and peculiarities of deformation and NINE MILE POINT-I REACTOR: reactor operation destruction of the alloy-KhN62MVKYu. (B22. B21). 324278 Nine Mile Point Nuclear Station. Unit t. Annual report ot
The way in which the subject index should be used in manual searches is discussed in 2.4.4.
49 5. Conference Index
contains an entry for every conference or meeting from which papers have been included in the particular issue. Entries are arranged in chronological order by the date of the meeting, followed by the name of the city or town in which the meeting was held, and by the name of the meeting. This information is followed by the RNs of the main entries for all documents presented at the meeting and listed in the particular issue.
Examples: 76 Jul 5. London, UK. International conference on dynamic fraclurc toughness. 324269, 324295, 324296. 76 Jul 18. Aspen, Colorado. United Stales of America (USA). 10. international symposium on rarefied gas dynamics. 324932. 76 Jul 28. Murray Hill, New Jersey, United Stales of America (USA). Bell labs. 1W11SC conference. 322910. 76 Aug. Quebec, Canada. ASTM conference on zirconium in the nuclear industry. 324408. 76 AUR. San Francisco, California, United States nf America (USA). Symposium on new advances in isotope separation. 324936. 76 AUK 16. Germantown, Maryland, United Stales of America (USA). LMFBR instrumentation and control program planning meeting. 325339. 76 AUR 24. Bratislava, Czechoslovakia. 3. Europhysics study conference on atomic and molecular physics of ionized gases. 322902, 322903, 322912, 322913. 322922. 322930. 322931. 322936, 322945. 322950, 322955, 322960. 322967, 322972. 322974, 322977,322990,322991. 322994. 323136,323139. 323148, 323158, 323170, 323207, 323254. 76 AUR 29. A loria, Corsica, France. Conference on material characterization using ion beams. 323913. 76 AUR 30. Nancy, France. 4. International conference on the strength of metals and allojs. 324391. 76 Sep I. Bratislava. Czechoslovakia. 4th Czechoslovak radiological congress with international participation. 324626, 324630, 324645, 324915, 324924, 324948, 325400. 76 Sep 6. Cannes, France. 8. World conference on nondestructive testing. 325152. 76 Sep 6. Karlsruhe. Germany, F.R. IAEA inlernalion.il training course on nuclear power project planning and implementation. 325269. 325590, 325604, 325654, 325656. 76 Sep 6. Varcnna, Italy. 3. Symposium on plasma healing in toroidal devices. 323147, 323209, 323222, 325116. 76 Sep 13. Corfu, Greece. International conference on the applications of the Moessbauer effect. 323066. 76 Sep 13. Geneva. Switzerland. International conference on uranium. 324460. 76 Sep 13. Oxford, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (UK). Conference on itinerant-electron magnetism. 324190. 76 Sep 13. Spaatind, Norway. The behaviour of water reactor fuel elements under accident conditions. 325257. 76 Sep 13. Wroclaw, Poland. 2. international conference on the electronic structures on the actinides. 324211.
How to obtain copies of the documents cited in INIS Atomindex
Copies of the technical reports, conference preprints, patents, standards and theses (i.e. non-conventional literature) are normally available in microfiche format from the INIS Clearinghouse. For those items of non-conventional literature which are not available from the Clearinghouse, both the main entry and the Report, Standard and Patent Number Index entry provide information regarding availability from another source or in another form.
Most of the conventional, commercially published literature abstracted in INIS Atomindex, including books and journal articles, may be found in major libraries around the world. However, enquirers having difficulty in obtaining access to any of the literature cited in INIS Atomindex should seek the assistance of the national INIS Liaison Officer in their country. A list of Liaison Officers is printed on the inside covers of the journal. For publications issued in particular countries, enquiries may also be made to the organizations listed in Appendix 2- A.l.
2.2.2. Magnetic Tape Services
(a) INIS Atomindex Tapes
INIS Atomindex tapes are made available to INIS Liaison Officers upon request on a regular basis, i.e. monthly two-issue tapes, or semi-monthly one-issue tapes, or for test purposes only. 1NIS tapes are written in a format based on an ISO standard (International Standard ISO-2709, 1973) and a character set which is an extended form of the ISO standard ISO-646,
50 1973. Formal and coding of the 1NIS tapes is described in IAEA-IN1S-7 and 1AEA-1N1S-9. Tapes are distributed in 9-track format (6250, 1600 and 800 bytes/inch) and in 7-track format (800. 556. and 200 characters/inch).
Since the 1N1S Secretariat maintains an SDI service with IBM's IRMS retrieval system, and an on-line retrieval system with IBM's STAIRS system, INIS tapes are also available in IRMS format and STAIRS format (so-called EDIO format). INIS Member States are thus able to save the conversion costs by requesting these pre-formatted tapes.
(b) INIS Authorities on magnetic tapes
The INIS Secretariat maintains 3 authority files:
the corporate authority files (with report number prefixes), the journal authority file, and the thesaurus file.
All three files are available on special request, the first two in an ISO-2709 format (described in 1AEA-INIS-9). and can therefore be recorded as secondary files on an INIS tape. The thesaurus file (for format description, see !AEA-lNlS-14(Rev.l)) is only available in IBM EBCDIC code and will therefore always be on a separate tape.
2.2.3. Microfiche Services
All hard copy of non-conventional literature is microfilmed by the photographic unit of the 1N1S Clearinghouse, from which microfiche master copies are prepared, with a step-and-repeat camera. Copies are made on silver nitrate film which is more durable than diazo copies. Microfiches can also be obtained by the public.
Since quantities of non-conventional literature reported to the system cannot be predicted there is no fixed subscription rate. Instead, subscribers are billed quarterly. Alternately, microfiches can be ordered individually.
A steady increase in full subscriptions can be discerned.
51 Distribution is also handled by the INIS Clearinghouse.
The "Report, Standard and Patent Number Index" of Atomindex serves as a catalogue of documents available from the INIS Clearinghouse.
When ordering, the Report Number of the item requested must be quoted, not the 6-digit reference number of the /NfS Atomindex entry. The Report Number is the originating organization-assigned number or IAEA-assigned INIS-mf-number in the entry.
2.2.4. The lAEA-INIS-Rcfercnce Series and related Manuals
The INIS Authorities, although overlapping in certain areas, can be grouped into manuals used by
a) Descriptive cataloguers. b) Classifiers and Subject Specialists, and the c) Analyst/Programmers of the computer system
They are revised when necessary. It is essential to use the latest edition of any one publication in the Reference Scries. a) MANUALS FOR DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUERS
The following manuals in the 1NIS Reference Series are mostly intended for the descriptive cataloguer: IAEA-INIS-1 1AEA-1N1S-2 IAEA-IN1S-5 IAEA-IN1S-6 IAEA-INIS-10 IAEA-INIS-11 1AEA-1N1S-15
IAEA-INIS-1, INIS: Descriptive Cataloguing Rules
gives instructions on how to catalogue a piece of literature for INIS and how to complete the INIS Worksheet. It has been revised three times to incorporate developments and changes in cataloguing rules.
IAEA-INIS-2, INIS: Descriptive Cataloguing Samples
contains a number of representative samples of different types of literature with their corresponding worksheets.
IAEA-1NIS-15, INIS: Self-teaching Manual for Descriptive Cataloguing
should assist in interpreting descriptive cataloguing rules for people who have no possibility of attending an INIS Seminar or on-the-job training at the INIS Secretariat.
IAEA-1NIS-5, INIS: Terminology and Codes for Countries and International Organizations
comprises a list of names of countries and international organizations as they should be cited in data elements (conference location and corporate entries). They are given, together with a 2-character alphabetic code used in the TRN, and for statistical purposes and entering corporate entry codes. The codes are based on an ISO Standard (Standard ISO 3166-1974 "Codes for the Representation of Names of Countries").
IAEA-INIS-10. INIS: Transliteration Rules for Selected Non-Roman Characters
provides transliteration tables for Cyrillic characters according to ISO Recommendation R9- 1968, footnote 2, and for Greek characters according to ISO Recommendation R843-1968. In the absence of suitable ISO transliteration schemes for languages using other scripts, such as
52 Arabic and Hebrew, and for ideogrammatïc languages, inputters have been asked to select their own transliteration standards and to use them consistently.
IAEA-1NIS-6. INIS: Authority List for Corporate Entries and Report Number Prefixes
provides descriptive cataloguers with a standard for recording names of organizations either as affiliations or as corporate authors. The rules for standardization are based on the COSATI Rules (U.S. Committee on Scientific and Technical Information) and require a certain sequence of divisional elements. New affiliations and corporate authors summarized as "corporate entries" submitted as part of 1NIS input arc added to the computer-maintained authority in a standardized form, together with a numeric codej Inputters are asked to verify the form of such new entries; a further consistency check is made by the 1NIS Secretariat, before a new corporate entry is included in the authority file. Codes are assigned by the INIS Secretariat. Major inputting centres, however, which submit data in machine-readable form have their own scries of corporate entry codes and are responsible for assigning codes to corporate entries located in their countries. New corporate entries are added to irte authority at tne rate of approximately lOOOVyear. Names of organizations are subject to frequent changes, identified in the authority by cross references. A number of SEE-references are made available, to improve the usefulness of the authority list.
The printed version of the authority, which is issued in updated form at annual intervals, contains a listing grouped by country as part 1 and a complete alphabetic listing as part 2. As new entries are constantly added to the authority they must be brought to the attention of inputters between the annual re-runs of the authority; this is done by issuing bi-monthly supplements which arc sent to INIS inputting centres.
Report Number Prefixes
In 2.1.2(a), mention had been made of a check performed on report number prefixes. An alphabetical listing of valid report-prefix series is issued as part 3 of IAEA-IN1S-6. Prefixes are listed together with the names of those organizations which are responsible for issuing the particular scries.
Why is so much time and effort spent on the maintenance of this authority? This is mostly done for the sake of obtaining a clear printed index for corporate entries in INIS Atomindex. A corporate entry index is generated from the corporate entry codes found unde/ tag 710; the matching text is then supplied from the authority. Corporate entry codes or the full expression may be used in retrieval.
A copy of the latest machine-readable version of the above authority may be requested by inputting centres on a regular basis.
IAEA-INIS-II, INIS: Authority List for Journal titles
provides descriptive cataloguers with standard abbreviations for journal titles (see 2.1.2(a)). In part I of this list, issued in a revised form once a year, journal titles are grouped by country and arranged alphabetically by their full titles. They are followed by the abbreviated title which is used as entry in INIS input. The whole of part 2 is arranged alphabetically, the abbreviated title being followed by the complete title. Part 1 is intended for the inputter, part 2 for the user of INIS Atomindex.
The country under which a journal title is listed has assumed responsibility for covering the publication; no other inputting centre may report articles from a journal not given in its own list.
When articles from journal titles not yet included in the authority are submitted, a photocopy of the title page must be enclosed for verification of the correct title entry and abbreviated form. Inputting centres are informed of the correct abbreviation of new titles by simple post card.
53 b) MANUALS FOR CLASSIFIERS AND SUBJECT SPECIALISTS
The following manuals of the INIS Reference Series are intended for subject specialists: 1AEA-INIS-3 1AEA-1N1S-4 1AEA-INIS-I2 IAEA-INIS-13 IAEA-1NIS-I6
1AEA-INIS-3, INIS: Subject Categories and Scope Descriptions
gives a breakdown of the INIS subject scope into main fields and, within these, into specific subject categories. Each category contains a summary of the areas which it covers, and cross-references to other subject categories, more appropriate for some particular aspects. A subject index is included to help locate categories corresponding to particular concepts.
IAEA-INIS-4, INIS: Instructions on Submitting Abstracts
deal with the format and form in which 1N1S abstracts may be submitted for input. The manual is intended as a guide to abstracting generally and specifically. The formulation of the intellectual contents of papers concerned with specific areas, e.g. physics, chemistry, agriculture, law, etc. are analyzed. Abstracting of different types of literature (journal article, review, bibliography, thesis, etc.) is also considered. Numerous practical examples are collected in an appendix.
1AEA-INIS-12, 1N1S: Manual on Indexing
deals with the principles and practice of descriptor selection for indexing and as headings ; for the subject index; the use of link indicators; indexing rules applicable to certain subject fields; and title augmentation.
The manual is used in conjunction with IAEA-IN1S-3 above and, particularly, with IAEA- 1NIS-13, discussed below.
IAEA-INIS-13, INIS: Thesaurus
contains an alphabetical list of the controlled vocabulary or "descriptors" used in indexing for INIS. In additional to the valid terms, "forbidden" terms arc also included, with indication of the appropriate terms to be used instead. Every descriptor is shown with its particular wordblock indicating preferential, hierarchical and affinitive relationships, and sometimes an explanatory scope note. The frequencies with which a descriptor has been assigned by an indexer and by computer up-posting, respectively, are both given.
The Thesaurus appears twice a year; interim changes (additions, modifications or deletions) are published in summary form in monthly supplements.
IAEA-INIS-16, INIS: Subject Indexing Samples
consists of 30 documents, originally used in the 1973 and 1974 indexing consistency tests. The abstract, subject indexing, headings for the subject index, title augmentations, etc. are given, together with comments on their selection, and common occurring mistakes. The full text documents are attached as microfiches.
As an exercise, the microfiches should be indexed with the help of IAEA-INIS-3, -12 and -13.
Information Retrieval
Two manuals deal with retrieval systems available at the IAEA. They have been published in the IAEA Technical Reports Series.:
IAEA-177, INIS Information Retrieval based on IBM's IRMS
presents the system in two parts, one from the user's point of view (with detailed instructions for its use following an introduction to the concept of retrieval), and the other
54 with program descriptions, data set definitions and file formats, IRMS allows for batch processing on an IBM/360 or /370 computer operated under OS or VS.
IAEA-I9I, STAIRS User's Manual!4)
describes the practical on-line utilization of IBM's SToragc And Information Retrieval System as adapted for use with the INIS and AGRIS data bases. The functions carried out by STAIRS are explained and the communication language between the user and the system outlined. Details arc given of the specific structure of the INIS and AGRIS data bases for STAIRS. The manual is no longer up-to-date, due to various modifications subsequently introduced into the system. [Sec also OMINAS 2.4.4,]
c) MANUALS FOR ANALYST/PROGRAMMERS
The following manuals of the INIS Reference series are related lo INIS Computer processing: IAEA-INIS- 7 IAEA-INIS- 8 IAEA-INIS- 9 IAEA-INIS-I4
IAEA-INIS-7, INIS: Magnetic and Punched Paper Tape Codes and Character set
contains the INIS character set and describes both the corresponding 8- and 6-bit codes used on input and output tapes. The equipment (flexowriter and print train) implementing the codes and used at IAEA is also considered.
IAEA-INIS-8, INIS: Paper Tape Specification and Record Format
describes the rules for the preparation of machine-readable INIS input on punched paper tape. General format of data elements, continuation lines, word breaking at the end of a line, special control symbols, etc. are discussed. Rules are given for the method of encoding those characters in the INIS set which (¿nnot be punched directly.
IAEA-INIS-9, INIS: Magnetic Tape Specification and Record Format
describes the format of 1N1S records on magnetic tapes. The differences between the records submitted lo or distributed by INIS are explained, as well as format and contents of magnetic tape labels, block structure and the physical characteristics of the tapes.
IAEA-INIS-14, INIS: Description of Computer Programs
gives an account of the major part of the computer sub-systems of INIS, i.e., the set of computer programs used at IAEA for processing the computer-readable data. It is divided into two parts. The first gives an overall view of the programs in a way which deliberately avoids specialized computer terminology, so that it can also be understood by readers not familiar with computer programming. The second part describes the computer programs in more detail. Although the programs described were developed for performing a specific task, they may be of more general interest in that they present a working solution to the problem of developing a computerized information system. The solution proposed for coping with a decentralized operation on a worldwide basis may be of particular interest. A description of the formats of the data sets used, and some samples of output listing are also included.
2.3 Responsibilities of MIS Participants (IAEA Member States or International Organizations joining INIS)
2.3.1. Appointment of Liaison Officer
On joining INIS the IAEA participant appoints an INIS Liaison Officer. The Liaison Officer (L.O.) is entitled to one free set of the INIS Reference Series and all subsequent updates or supplements, and 2 regular copies of INIS Atomindex (one copy for the Liaison Officer, the other to an address nominated by the government or the L.O.). Magnetic tape services are available on request. The L.O. receives notifications of a general or technical
(') f\n up-to-date introductory booklet entitled "First Steps on STAIRS" (1978) is used for on-line training (sec 2.4.6a)
S5 nature in the form of Circular Letters and Technical Notes from the INIS Secretariat, and also the quarterly INIS Newsletter. Subsequently, the L.O. will need to arrange for the implementation, at the national level, of any notified mandatory changes in the system. In turn, basic problems, suggestions and requests are channelled to the INIS Secretariat via the L.O.
Since 1972, it has become the practice to have annual L.O. meetings which last from two to three days. (See also 1.2.1 and 2.4.7(b)).
When innovations connected with developments in the system arc tested on an experimental basis the 1N1S L.O. tries to arrange for his country's participation, when this is feasible in terms of manpower or resources.
Feedback on technical and other questions is of vital importance in a decentralized system, and is the reponsibility of the L.O.
2.3.2. Collection of national published literature
It is the responsibility of even' INIS participant to select from the literature published by the country or organization concerned those items relevant to the INIS subject scope. This requires organized scanning, and often necessitates the collection of widely scattered information. Regardless of the actual source or the nationality or affiliation of the author, the mere fact that a piece of literature has been published in a particular country makes it the input responsibility of that country.
Responsibility for the selection of an item, both for relevance to the INIS subject scope (and assignment of correct subject categories) and for the quality of the information contained in it resides with the inputting participant.
When a document represents an item of non-conventional literature, a full-size copy (also referred to as "hard" copy) must be forwarded to the INIS Secretariat (see 2.3.3).
2.3.3. Preparation of input to INIS
Every item submitted as input must be catalogued, categorized, indexed and abstracted in accordance with the relevant INIS rules for input preparation. Input is sent to IAEA in an approved form (worksheet or machine-readable). In view of the need to change to machine- readable input as soon as possible L.O.'s assess how their particular problems could be overcome to permit implementation with a minimum of delay.
2.3.4 Utilization of output products
Every INIS participant is free to utilize the output products (in printed or magnetic form) within the country in any way considered desirable. This may take the form of issuing bibliographies on special subjects, current awareness services, retrospective searches, SDI services, etc. A variety of services may be required for industry, universities, institutes, at governmental and management levels, and for schools.
To recapitulate:
Responsibilities of INIS participants:
/. Appointment of Liaison Officer.
2. Collection of national published literature.
3. Preparation for input to INIS.
4. Utilization of output products.
56 2.4. Responsibilities oí INIS Secretariat at IAEA, Vienna
2.4.1. Processing a) INPUT
Processing of INIS input submitted to IAEA is one of the main responsibilities of the INIS Secretariat. As described earlier (see 1.3.2 and 2.1.2) input, may be in the form of worksheets or in machine-readable form, which are forwarded by ordinary mail. The input is first logged in at the dispatcher's office in the INIS Clearinghouse.
Input should be accompanied by a completed INIS input form listing the TRNs of items submitted. TRNs of items included without abstract (short communications) and the original documents of non-conventional literature together with the respective TRNs. This list is cheeked very carefully by the dispatcher, and any missing items are immediately drawn to the attention of the input centre. Pieces of non-conventional literature that do not have a report number are assigned an INIS-mf-number.
While documents are kept in the Clearinghouse for subsequent microfiching, magnetic tapes are directly forwarded to the Processing Unit (see Fig.l.1.6-1) for computer processing, and all other input is passed to the Bibliographic Control Unit for further handling.
After a visual check for missing or incorrectly entered information, worksheet input is keyboarded for conversion to machine-readable form; paper tape and OCR input needs to be transferred to magnetic tape prior to computer processing (4 and 3 on Fig.l.1.6-1). Input received on magnetic tape requires no conversion, and can therefore be processed and added to the system on the day of receipt. During computer processing all input undergoes various computer checking routines which are discussed in detail under 4.2. While correct data are promptly added to the INIS files of the particular semi-monthly processing cycle, a number of printouts arc produced Vor checking by the INIS Secretariat. The information on the printouts is broken down into vaiious error reports that match the organizational structure of the INIS Section.
Input received on worksheets, subsequently keyboarded by the INIS Secretariat, is proofread carefully for keyboarding errors, since correct typing in this case is the responsibility of the Secretariat. It is also checked for computer-detected errors. Input received in any of the machine-readable forms mentioned is checked for computer-detected errors and missing information only, such as codes for new corporate entries. Any correction or necessary insertion is marked on the printout, and updates are keyboarded promptly for computer processing.
The 1NIS Secretar;.;! does not compare the original literature with the actually submitted entries of titles, authors' names, imprint or any other data forming part of the bibliographic description, or the abstracts. The responsibility for the correct citation of information lies with the inputting centre.
The computer can only detect formal errors, such as missing or forbidden data elements, errors in structured data fields, or discrepancies in data elements matched against authority files. Only when such errors have been corrected will the respective document description be allowed to enter the production cycle for INIS Atomindex.
To recapitulate:
/. Input received on worksheets is proofread after keyboarding at the INIS Secretariat, in order to eliminate typing errors; input received in any of the machine-readable forms is expected to have been proofread at the INIS input centres. It is there fore checked for computer-detectable, i.e. formal, errors only. 2. Document descriptions containing formal errors must be corrected, in order to be accepted for inclusion in output products.
57 b) OUTPUT
Production and Dispatch (see also 4.3)
The addition of new input to the system and appropriate corrections continue for most of the two-week cycle except for two days set aside for INIS Atomindex production. Additional completeness checks are then carried out on the entire 1NIS processing file (e.g. for the presence of required abstracts, and the physical availability of non-conventional literature). New entries are added to the corporate entry authority and to the Thesaurus.
Items found to be correct in every respect - bibliographical and indexing information, abstracts, and non-conventional literature ready for microfiching - constitute the file which becomes the new output product. After sorting by subject category and, within each subject category, alphabetically by author, items receive a sequential reference number (RN).
From the final file the following products are prepared:
1) A photocomposition tape for processing the printed version of Atomindex. including indexes.
2) A photocomposition tape to produce headers for microfiches of non-conventional literature.
3) Output tapes, mailed to 1N1S centres on a semi-monthly or monthly basis.
Output tapes are prepared and mailed approximately one month prior to the appearance of the printed version of INIS Atomindex.
Dispatch of Microfiches
Microfiches pass from the Photographic Unit to the Clearinghouse Office, where dispatch notes are prepared with each batch of microfiches sent to a customer, indicating the issue of INIS Atomindex, the corresponding number of microfiches, and an invoice announcement together with date of dispatch. A signed receipt is returned by the customer. Shipments are sent twice a month, bills quarterly.
To recapitulate:
Production and Dispatch
1. Photocomposition tapes for producing a) printed version of IN IS Atomindex (semi-monthly). b) headers for microfiches (semi-monthly).
2. INIS output tapes (semi-monthly or monthly); ~» / month prior to printed INIS Atomindex.
3. Microfiches of non-conventional literature.
2.4.2. System Maintenance and Development
(a) Standards and authorities (see also 2.2.4)
An information system like INIS can never be a static in the sense of "frozen" system. There are the authority files, namely the Thesaurus, corporate, journal and report number prefix files, all of which need constant updating. Proposed terms are accepted as valid terms
58 and entered tn the Thesaurus together with their broader, narrower, and related terms. Other terms are removed from the Thesaurus or changed into forbidden terms. The corporate authority file requires changes, e.g. when new institutions are reported to INIS, or existing ones change their names; similarly, modifications in the journal authority file and the list of report number prefixes become necessary.
Two or three times a year the updated authority files are published as a new revision in the INIS Reference Series. In the interim, only lists of the cumulated updates since the last revision arc sent to the INIS Liaison Officers.
Another aspect of system maintenance concerns the implementation of new standards. It has always been the basic principle of TN1S to use international standards whenever possible. Some of the standards, however, were only approved after 1N1S had already defined its own rules. When this happened, INIS tried to implement the particular new standard as soon as feasible (e.g. at the end of a year; together with another change; etc.).
(b) New methods and equipment
A system like INIS will also adopt new techniques, e.g. with regard to on-line processing, new input media, etc. Thus. OCR-sheets represent a new input medium, whereas paper tape is now rapidly losing importance as an input medium.
Format modifications have also taken place. Whereas the only output tape format at the start of INIS was the standard 1SO-2709 format, some years later Atomindex tapes formatted for IBM/IRMS and, since 1976, also formatted for IBM/STAIRS have been distributed on request.
2.4.3. Computer aspects
(a) Local facilities
When INIS started to become operational in May 1970, the IAEA's computer facility was an IBM 360/30 with 64 K. and model 2311 disk drives. By the middle of 1978 the IAEA computer installation was an IBM 370/158 with attached processor and 3 megabytes main storage. Twelve disk drives, model 3300-11, and 6 disk drives, model 3350, are available, with a total disk capacity of 4200 megabytes.
Apart from standard additional equipment (tape units for 7- and 9-track and different densities, a printer with exchangeable print trains, several remote job entry stations, card read/punch equipment) the system is equipped with the necessary hardware for teleprocessing, namely the telecommunications controller type 3704.
Several IBM 3277/003 terminals and ITT 3287-3 terminals are installed.
(b) Systems aspects
The computer is operated under OS/MVS (multi-virtual system). The telecommunication system is operated under the Customer Information Control System (C1CS), a generalized teleprocessing monitor system. Under CICS the following major systems arc in operation:
the Advanced Text Management System (ATMS), used for INIS input and updates as weil as for direct input of some of the INIS Reference Series, in preparation for photo type-setting.
the Storage and Information Retrieval System (STAIRS), used for retrieval on the INIS, AGRIS and other data bases.
(c) Routine tasks •
Processing of input has already been discussed earlier (see 2.4.1). Incoming input is processed in batches, also called "runs", whereby each batch automatically receives a computer- generated run number. This number is used in all subsequent computer processing for "accessing" a certain document. The first step in a computer run is always represented by conversion to an internal working format. As already indicated, all computer lists are produced by run.
59 If errors are such that they cannot be corrected at the Secretariat (e.g. necessary data elements are missing), these documents are flagged so that they are not released for production, but are printed on a separate list after production and deleted from the system. This list is mailed to the particular Member State so that the input can be resubmitted correctly.
Error corrections of the bibliographic and abstract part of a document are made by
replacing the complete bibliographic part or abstract, respectively, or
updating the document by adding, deleting or replacing a tagged field, or by partially updating a tagged field by adding, deleting or replacing a certain character string
Error corrections of the indexing part are made by
replacing all descriptors by a new set of terms, or
by adding, replacing or deleting single descriptors
The production of INIS Atomindex every two weeks requires previous updating of the authority files (the Thesaurus, corporate entry authority). All documents ready for production undergo a so-called final check in which the updated authority files are used, and corporate names entered as codes at tag 100 (affiliation) and tag 110 are replaced by their text equivalent. For individual descriptors their upposted hierarchical terms are generated, and the M/Q information given with some descriptors is used to construct the corresponding main header/qualifier pair.
Once the Atomindex file has been generated it is used to construct the output tapes, and the photocomposition tape with all the indexes printed at the back of an INIS Atomindex issue. INIS output tapes are dispatched immediately (see 2.4.1(b)).
The INIS Secretariat started its retrieval activities in early 1971, by using IRMS, operated under the disk operating system, DOS. Descriptor codes are used to build up the inverted file. In 1974, this DOS IRMS program was converted to OS (see IAEA-177) and is still in operation for the monthly SDI services. Because of in-depth indexing used in INIS, together with hierarchical upposting, IRMS proved very useful. New developments on the market offered new possibilities, however, and in 1976 first tests on IBM's on-line i retrieval system, STAIRS (SToragc And Information Retrieval System), were carried out. First results appeared very promising since STAIRS, in addition, permits free text search on all data elements, including bibliographic data elements, and allows linked groups to be searched more effectively and logically than is possible with IRMS. In STAIRS, linked groups are treated as separate paragraphs of the same document instead of treating each linked group as a separate (split) document as in IRMS.
Both systems are operated in parallel, but IRMS is losing in importance.
For routine operation of STAIRS, 2 disks totalling about 750 megabytes are allocated to INIS. They can hold documents representing about 4 years (volumes) of INIS Atomindex.
2.4.4. Information Retrieval
Since effective retrieval must be considered the primary purpose of an information system, it will be discussed in some detail, and reference should be made to the practical examples in which the principles discussed below are applied.
Objective
Retrieval is aimed at recalling all items of specific interest from a data base which also contains many additional items which have no bearings on the specific interest area.
60 The query target is the subset of the entire data base which contains all the documents relevant to the query (Nsub(T)). The query yield is another subset, Y, of those which have actually been selected, containing Nsub(Y) documents. Ideally, these would be the same. In practice, Nsub(Y) consists of relevant documents or "hits" (Nsub(H)) and irrelevant documents or "noise" (Nsub(N)), i.e.
Nsub(Y)) = Nsub(H)) + Nsub(N).
The actual recall ratio (sometimes called "completeness ratio"), R, is the ratio of the number of relevant documents retrieved, Nsub(H), divided by the number of relevant documents in the data base, Nsub(T), i.e.
R = Nsub(H) / Nsub(T)
The relevance ratio (or "precision ratio"), P. is the ratio of the number of relevant documents retrieved, Nsub(H), to the number of all the documents retrieved, Nsub(Y). Therefore,
P = Nsub(H) / Nsub(Y)
Both are usually expressed as percentages. By definition,
0 < R% « 100 0 < P% ^ 100
Specification of Interest Area
In order to retrieve the specific items, the object of the search has to be defined. The expressed area of interest is often called query profile, its presentation for practical searching a query formulation. A relevant document is usually required to meet various conditions, which may be expressed as alternatives, combinations or may be mutually exclusive. The logical operations involved arc indicated by the operators AND, OR and NOT (not-and) in a way analogous to mathematical signs. This branch of symbolic logic is called Boolean algebra.
Example: Supposing a user wished to obtain references on the irradiation of mushrooms and any fruit except strawberries.
To illustrate the significance of these various conditions in a search involving descriptors, different classes of documents will be represented as specific areas in the diagram below. Then, if
N = total number of documents in the data base A = class of documents containing the descriptor IRRADIATION B = class of documents containing descriptor FRUITS C = class of documents containing descriptor STRA WBERRIES D = class of documents containing descriptor MUSHROOMS
then the diagonally striped area corresponds to the class of documents containing IRRADIATION and MUSHROOMS, the horizontally striped area to the class containing IRRADIATION and STRAWBERRIES, and the vertically striped area to the intersection of A with B (but without the small portion in which A and C intersect) - the equivalent of irradiation and any fruit other than strawberries.
In Boolean formulation this would be expressed as IRRADIATION AND (MUSHROOMS OR (FRUITS NOT STRAWBERRIES))
Note that the casual "mushrooms and any fruit " of the interest profile is represented as MUSHROOMS OR FRUITS in Boolean logic .
61 N
FIG. 2.4.4-1
When.a search is required, the data base user will need to define his interest area as precisely as possible, and also any areas of marginal interest which should be included. Information on any specific aspect(s) to be excluded, although basically within the general area indicated, will increase interest definition and therefore retrieval precision.
Although R is hard to determine, a retriever should not be satisfied merely with a high P but should, by means of various formulations, try to increase his recall without, at the same time, producing too much noise. In practice, a number of different formulations of a query are tested. A narrow formulation may give high precision but low recall, whereas a very broad formulation will improve the recall but introduce.some noise. The final formulation will be a compromise.
General Procedure for formulating a query
When a query profile is- to be established, the user needs to
1. Stale the question as precisely as possibly;
2. Define its limits: (Limits may concern the subject area, authors, language, country, publication dates, etc.)
3. Consult IAEA-INIS-13 for translating concepts expressed colloquially (free language) into Thesaurus language, necessary for a descriptor search. Some of the RT's listed may give useful ideas on other potentially useful search points, whether controlled or free language is used in the search; and - optionally -
4. Consult 1AEA-INIS-3 to determine the categories most likely to contain material of interest, and those which might produce something of marginal interest.
Different retrieval systems offer different degrees of search flexibility. Essentially, retrieval is carried out by mechanical or by computerized means.
Retrieval from a printed product will be manual and will be of primary interest to those without access to computer services.
62 A. MANUAL SEARCHES
(i) By category
One very slow way of searching would be by direct scanning oí relevant primary and secondary categories. This process, when repeated for a number of issues (and there are 24 per year'.) is clearly very tedious and, in addition, not very reliable.
(ii) By descriptor entry in the subject index
References under a given heading arc listed by title, possibly accompanied by a title augmentation, and the category (categories).
- All obvious main headings should be scanned: some will be immediately identified as being relevant, others only in conjunction with particular qualifiers, or a title augmentation.
- Additional headings suggested by the wordblock in the Thesaurus, or by the descriptors indicated under "See also" in the subject index itself (2.2.1.4) should also be scanned .
MATTER &e also KAOSS MINUS; MUONS PLUS: NUCLEAR MATTER; PIONS MINUS; POSITRONS MEA: cell killing Radioprotective action of cystcaminc. (CI t). 324551 MEA: strand breaks Radioprotective action of cysteamine. (Cl I). 324551 MEAN FREE PATH: nucléons Comments on nucleón mean free paths in nuclear matter. (A33). 323666 MEASLES VIRUS: antibodies Use of radioimmunc assay in detection of measles antibodies in cerebrospinal fluid and scrum. (C45). 324820 MEASLES VIRUS: nervous system diseases Use of radioimmunc assay in detection of measles antibodies in cerebrospinal fluid and scrum. (C45). 324820 MEASURED VALUES •4V Sec DA TA MEASURING INSTRUMENTS > Sec also more specific entries as listed in the MIS Thesaurus. MEASURING METHODS (Important new measuring techniques only.) MEASURING METHODS: cavity resonators Irradiation induced creep experiments in the BR2 reactor using the resonant cavity method. (B25). 324352 MEASURING METHODS: fluid flow Measurements on the bounds of the possible. (E42). 325523 MEASURING METHODS: frequency measurement Atomic clocks comparison by means of television chain. (E42). 325532
Since manual searches may not only be confined to SDI (selective dissemination of information) searches, a critical assessment of results from a formulation tested in a limited search can save much time in extended (retrospective) searches.
References retrieved may be of
a. obvious interest b. potential interest 1 [may necessitate checking not only c. marginal interest J abstract but original document, too] or d. no interest ("noise")
It is generally helpful to establish relevant categories for a (and possibly b) particularly in a search likely to produce many answers, where references assigned to unrelated categories are likely to be irrelevant (d)
A preliminary assessment often reveals further potential search points.
63 To recapitulate :
MANUAL SEARCHES
1. Data base -printed issue(s) of INIS Atomindex 2, Tool -printed subject index 3. Search points -descriptors 4. Aids to assess relevance -subject categories -abstract 5. Method Caution: Literal formulations transcribed from original question oversimplify, arc frequently misleading, and produce minimal recall In practice -define query profile -translate into Thesaurus language -enlarge -establish relevant categories -search entries in subject index -identity relevant references
B. COMPUTERIZED SEARCHES
A computerized search can clearly examine the data base much more quickly and effectively, and also deal with a much greater volume of data. A query can be defined more precisely and restrictions can already be built into the formulation. The number of searchable tagged fields (see 1NIS Worksheet) will depend both on the sophistication of the available search programs and computer facilities.
As has already been mentioned (see Thesaurus - 2.1.1(b)), indcxer-assigned descriptors are stored in the computer together with their computer-assigned broader terms. The availability of both sets permits a versatile retrieval strategy, since searches may be formulated to retrieve documents not only at a specific but also at a broader level.
Boolean logic is used in such query formulations.
(a) Local Facilities
At the IAEA two computerized retrieval systems are available.
IRMS [see IAEA-177]
One system is based on IBM's IRMS (Information Retrieval and Management System), which was designed for retrieval utilizing controlled terminology. It allows for batch processing on IBM/360 or /370 computer operated on OS or VS (see 4.9). IRMS is used for SDI services to in-house users at IAEA in Vienna. The system uses IN IS descriptors. Some additional search points (subject categories, the type of record, literary indicator, language of document, and corresponding volume and issue of Atomindex) are made available by introducing them as a special kind of descriptor, so-called pseudodescriptors:
64 Example: SCAT=A2l (an item to which All has been assigned as primary or secondary category) STYP=R (where the type of record is a report) SL/T= Y (literary indicator for progress report) SLA N- FRENCH (when document is published in French) SVOL = 08/06 (volume 8. issue 6) SVOL = 0S/B (volume Only 20-character descriptors are permitted. Descriptors longer than that have to be truncated in the query formulation submitted for processing. (For 24 descriptors, where truncation might lead to ambiguity, the use of special IRAIS pseudodescriptors and codes prevent any confusion). Descriptors or pseudodescriptors are assembled in groups representing concepts occurring in the query. Not more than 10 descriptors or pseudodescriptors may be included in one group. All descriptors in a group must be related in the same way. If they represent alternative expressions, that fact is indicated by the expression OR immediately after the group number, (e.g. 06.OR). If the descriptors are required to occur together (concurrently) an AND-condition is involved, which is indicated by AD (e.g. 07.AD). A maximum of IS groups may be used per query formulation. In the final formulation, the different groups are themselves linked by the appropriate operators ( OR AD or NO / Initially, several formulations of a query arc prepared. This permits a better definition of the interest area, after feedback from the user, and leads to a compromise version where the breadth of a query, with its high recall but increased noise level, is balanced against a narrower formulation leading to higher precision but lowered recall. To recapitulate: .IRMS [IAEA-177] Used for SD! at IAEA Characteristics: /. Searches can be made by descriptors and pseudodescriptors. 2. Pseudodescriptors permit searches by category, type of record, literary indicator, language, volume and issue of Atomindex. J. Boolean operators are used. 4. Searches are effected by batch processing. 5. Limitations to be observed: )>• 20 characters/descriptor 10 descriptors/group >• IS groups/query L_ : : 65 S T A I RS IBM's STorage And Information Retrieval System (STAIRS) as adapted for INIS by appropriate interface software is an interactive system which permits on-line dialogues between the user (retriever) and the computer. Three computer terminals are available in the INIS Section at IAEA, with off-line printing facilities. The system is extremely versatile in permitting retrieval by descriptor (thesaurus-controlled vocabulary) and also by free language searches. STAIRS is designed so that the location of a word can meet very specific requirements. The structured document Tecord in STAIRS consists of a number of fields of fixed length identifying the document (e.g. the record number, year of publication) and paragraphs of variable length (e.g. title, descriptors, abstract) which correspond to the variable-length tags of the INIS worksheet (see Fig.2.1.2-1 ). The paragraphs themselves consist of one or more sentences which are made up of individual words. STAIRS may be used to search for a word throughout the whole documeni record or the word may need to be located within a specified paragraph, within a sentence or it may need to occur as a string of one or more adjacent individual words, (eg. drinking water). Searches at STAIRS document-, paragraph-, sentence- or adjacency level require specific Boolean operators: OR, AND, NOT are the main ones at the document level: OR, SAME at paragraph level: WITH at sentence level; and ADJ. This last operator serves to formulate free- language phrases and multi-word descriptors. Comparison operators and a different STAlRS-mode are used for selecting fixed-length fields: EQ or NE (equal or not equal to). WL or OL (within or outside limits), GT or NG (greater or not greater than), and LT or NL (less than or not less than). The results of STAIRS searches can be displayed in a form selected by the user (e.g. the full document record; the record number; or just author, title, RN and year of publication; or some other format). The results (or only a portion) can be printed off-line. FIG. 2.4.4-2 STRUCTURE of Document Record in STAIRS FIXED-length FIELDS SENTENCES VARIABLE-length WITHIN A PARAGRAPH PARAGRAPHS DOCUMENT RECORD IMAGE Sentences shown within one paragraph only. 66 Searches can thus be made by person-, or corporate author, title (e.g. by article, journal, book or conference title), by year of publication or particular issues of INIS Atomindex, by language or country, type of record (e.g. patent), literary indicator (e.g. thesis), etc. Most of the tagged fields shown on the INIS worksheet can be searched, limitations being imposed by the need to economize computer storage for on-line searches of a rapidly growing data base. The AGRIS data base is searched in a similar manner, with the exception of descriptors or abstracts, whereas the AGRIS commodity and geographical area codes may be searched. STAIRS lends itself to rapid retrospective searches of the data bases available on-line und to SD1, and will before long replace the present IRMS service al iAEA. Some sample queries are given in the appendix (2-A.7). To recapitulate: STAIRS [IAEA-191: general part only] First Steps on STAIRS — Aide-Memoire 1. An on-line system for IMS. in use at IAEA. 2. Permits searches by free language and/or controlled vocabulary. J. The system distinguishes between the document as a whole, fixed-length fields, variable-length paragraphs, sentences within paragraphs, and strings of of adjacent words. 4. Searches may be made at document. field, paragraph, sentence or juxtaposition level. (b) Retrieval services In June 1972. an experimental SDI service was started at the INIS Secretariat, to serve IAEA scientists. Between 70 and 150 queries were serviced. In due course, retrospective searches were also run on request. Individual subject specialists are responsible for searches required in their field. The Library now also provides retrieval services. SDI profiles are entered and maintained on-line via VIDEO/370, and executed routinely in batch mode via STAIRS. Active profiles, on a test basis, numbered 27 for INIS and 5 for AGRIS. The availability of the INIS and AGRIS data bases on-line is not only important for users at the IAEA but for an ever increasing number of users in other countries. Direct access to the data bases on an experimental basis was started in 1978. By July 1978, eight countries (Austria, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, Scandinavia, France, Hungary and Czechoslovakia) had been linked up. This is the first step in the development of a direct access facility. (c) Training IRMS has been used for teaching search strategy in ihe formulation of queries and their progressive refinement, after evaluating the results of batch processing. This procedure has been used in a number of seminars (see Fig.2.4.6-l), As part of the mandatory work before a seminar, participants have been asked to submit a certain number of queries of their own choice, both in natural language and as Boolean formulations. In order to test the relative efficacy of different formulations, questions in natural language were also set by the Secretariat, to be submitted in Boolean form. 67 Corresponding computer printouts made available for the start of the seminar permitted critical evaluation by the group concerned. On-line searching, because of its speed and greater versatility, is proving an invaluable teaching tool which permits corrections and modifications during a search. The direct and rapid interaction between user and computer speeds up training. The screen can also be observed by several people at the same time. Specific training in on-line searching is discussed in 2.4.6 (see also Fig.2.4.6-1 ). (d) Documentation on retrieval is available in two reports: 1AEA-177: "TNIS Information Retrieval based on IPV-S" und IAEA-191: "'STAIRS User's Manual", (see 2.2.4(b)). 2.4.5 Quality Control Quality control in a decentralized system is of paramount importance(3). Only if reasonable consistency in indexing is ensured can searches of the data base produce satisfactory retrieval. Quality checks can be performed in various ways. (a) Indexing Consistency Tests Starting with the very first INIS training seminar in 1970, participants were subjected to a test at the beginning and towards the end of the indexing course. The results showed improvements in individual performance at the end of the course (which was to be hoped for!) and also permitted a comparison of indexing consistency relative to the other participants. In due course, a more elaborate test was developed. Since these tests represent a very useful tool for checking indexing quality, as was found in the early years of operation, they will be described in some detail. Sets of documents were circulated to INIS members who were asked to index and return them to the IAEA. A preliminary evaluation was made by the Subject Control Unit. The documents subsequently formed part of the mandatory work carried out by participants of that year's indexing courses of the INIS Seminar on Indexing and Retrieval. The documents were considered in detail. Sometimes, systematic differences in approach were revealed and their discussion proved important for achieving greater consistency of approach to indexing and an awareness of certain inconsistencies likely to be present in the data base. After the Seminar, an "ideal" descriptor set was elaborated for every document. Percentage calculations of indexing consistency were made by the Subject Control Unit, relative to that "ideal" set, so that all other sets evaluated were effectively compared with good-quality indexing and thus represented a relative measure of indexing quality. The formula used was 2DC where D¡ = number of descriptors in '"ideal" descriptor set Dt= number of descriptors in set tested Dc= number of descriptors common to both sets ("ideal" and tested) Average consistencies for individual members were given statistical weights proportional to that member's contributions to the system. They thus served as a measure of the effect of that country's indexing on the quality of the centrally merged file. Subsequently, the overall average was calculated. Detailed figures for every individual document and INIS participating centre were given. A summary of these Indexing Consistency Test ("ICT") results are given below. (') Quality checks were proposed by the INIS Study Team in 1968 and reconfirmed by other advisory and auxilary bodies 68 ICT und year No. of documents No. of centres Weighted average Report in INIS in sample set participating consistency (%) Circular Letter No. 1973 17 29 54.4 34 . 1974 13 32 54.2 42 1975 12 38 57.3 52 The overall contribution of the participating centres to the first 12 issues of INIS Atomindex of the corresponding year amounted to 99.1. 99.7 and 99.3%. respectively, which supports the claim that the test gave figures representative of consistency within the system. Any figure above 50% in a decentralized system is generally considered good. Consistency was found lo vary with subject area. The samples used in IAEA-INIS-I6, INIS: Subject Indexing Samples, were derived from ICT data. (b) Statistical checks of categories, indexing and M/Q pairs, and abstract quality Random selection of items for quality checking are being made on a percentage basis. Input from newly joined INIS centres is initially checked 100%, with detailed feedback sent to the centres. The selected entries arc checked against the full text document, and categorizing and indexing are examined for correctness and completeness. Explanatory notes accompany any correction made by the Subject Control Unit. Abstracts arc checked for intellectual contents and clarity, encoding problems and - allowing for differences in linguistic background, to a limited extent - for style. Additional quality checks, e.g. of the printed suhject index, arc made by. each subject specialist in his field. These quality checks, made for every issue of INIS Atomindex, are forwarded to the INIS participant concerned via the Liaison Officer concerned. (c) Retrieval as a form of quality control Analysis of the results of a query formulation may indicate noise due to incorrect indexing. In some cases, systematic misuse of a particular descriptor becomes apparent. (This can sometimes be remedied by the introduction of a scope note). Correct usage, frequency of use over a certain period, and also misuse of descriptors can be conventiently tested by on-line checks. To recapitulate: QUALITY CONTROL for INIS is - important because INiS is decentralized - mainly concerned with 1. indexing consistency and quality 2. consistent subject index entries 3. good abstract quality It has been effected by - complete checking of input from new inputters - checking of randomly selected input on appropriate percentage of national input - specially devised consistency tests - communal formulations for test documents in training sessions - analyzing retrieval results 69 2.4.6 Training (a) INIS Training Seminars. Workshop type training The courses offered, their duration and attendance (by number of participants, and countries and international organizations represented) are summarized in Fig.2.4.6-I. Apart from developments within the INIS system which necessitated specific training, the organization of any seminar has been greatly influenced by written feedback from participants (routinely solicited by a questionnaire "Comments on Seminar") and from reports by course lecturers. In addition, it has been influenced by the results of quality checks. Feedback resulted in the change from a general to four subject-oriented courses on indexing, run simultaneously in physics, chemistry, engineering and reactor technology, and the life sciences in 1972. By 1975 a further course had been added at a basic level without subject specialization, whereas the other four courses continued at an advanced level. The need for also introducing an orientation course emerged, to give a bird's-eye view of the logic and tools behind the various input procedures. In 1970. some lectures had been given on the computer aspects of the System and also some computer demonstrations of SDI. By 1973, increasing emphasis on output utilization had resulted in courses which incorporated retrieval strategy and practical query formulations for batch processing by IRMS. On-line retrieval by means of STAIRS was first introduced in 1974, using one computer terminal. By 1976, 5 on-line terminals were available for the seminar in Vienna, placing one at the disposal of each specialized indexing course. A 1-day course on abstracting had been given at three of the early seminars and then discontinued. With the change in character of INIS Atomindex to an abstracts journal, the importance of good quality abstracts received new emphasis. In 1976, 5 courses were given on abstracting: a basic course on general principles, and 4 courses on abstracting in special areas, corresponding to the subject areas of the specialized indexing courses. Courses on descriptive cataloguing which, like the course on abstracting, had been discontinued after 1971, were resumed in 1975 but divided into an introductory and an advanced course. The introduction of some mandatory work prior to a seminar, for all but the most elementary level, proved invaluable from an organizational point of view, and was appreciated as a learning aid by the participants. A new 1976-feature introduced was a 2-day course for magnetic tape users, at tutorial and workshop levels. In 1977, a 4-wcek training programme was offered to participants from developing countries only.. Apart from an orientation course on INIS and AGRIS, attended by all, training was geared to the particular requirements of each participant. Basic training in descriptive cataloguing or indexing, abstracting and retrieval strategy was given, in such a way that trainees would gain a maximum of practical experience. Some participants were trained in all these aspects. Others, who already had considerable experience of programming, were trained in the Computer Section. In 1978, a progressive link-up, by telephone lines, of various Member States to the INIS and AGRIS data bases in Vienna was started as part of the experimental direct access project. Each country in turn was given two days of intensive training in on-line retrieval, using local facilities (see Fig.2.4.6-1 ). The 1978-INIS/AGRIS Training Seminar, to be held in Vienna from 30 October to 3 November, offers courses in the utilization of 1N1S and AGRIS output tapes, and teleprocessing; data indexing (INIS); a comprehensive course on all aspects of INIS input preparation; and basic training and an advanced workshop for on-line retrieval from the INIS and AGRIS data bases, using ^STAIRS. (b) On-the-job Training After an assessment of professional background, experience and future responsibilities, trainees are introduced to the work done in the INIS Section of the IAEA and, after initial 70 IMS SEMINARS 1970-1976 No. of COURSES MiirtWinsA Duration International Retrieval Participants Countries Information 1 working Organizations Cimera] Specialized Descriptive Magnetic Syltems System! Attracting Orientation diysl Indexing InijeainK Cataloguing Tape Users* Vienna 28 Id 3 1 1 1 IS 1970 Bombay 34 H 1 1 1 1 IS 1170 Bueno* Alf«! 26 ft 1 1 1 1 SIP IS 1971 Demonstration Vienna 40 6 4 5 1972 Vienna 3ft 27 S 4 IRMS 5 1973 Lutein bourg 34 22 2 4 ENDS and 4 1974 STAIRS Ankara SS 2» 6 1975 INIS II 26 3 AGRIS 1 4 2 IRMS 7 AfiRlS 34 13 2 1 5 Vtenni 131 AB 12 toi* - INIS 80 28 4 AC.RIS 1 4 5 1 2 2 IRMS 10 and AGRIS S2 31 8 1 STAIRS 7 ' , Tutorial and Workshop. ITwo Way courses) INIS SEMINAR WORKSHOPS 1977 (Main InpullersONLY) Washington USA: Subject control and bibliographic 25-29 April lEKDA) control aipects. Problem areas. Moscow USSR: Subject control, including abstracts. 12-16 September (Atominform) and] bibliographic control aspects. Problem areas. INIS TRAINING PROGRAMME 1977 Additional International Participants Countries Information TRAINING Otganiiations Systems Vienna 1977 General Specialized Descriptive Computer INIS/AGRIS Abstracting Training INIS 6 6 - Indexing Indexing Cataloguing Aspects Orientation Course AGRIS 6 5 I AGRIS see Table 3.4.6. INIS'AGRIS ON-LINE TRAINING (Jan.-July 1978) (DIRECT ACCESS PROJECT) O'faniaations Location No. of participants Duration (in (Jays) Country represented Month . linked up I.N IS AC.H.1S INIS AC.RIS INIS ACPIS INIS AGKIS Austria Vienna - January H - 4 - 2 - Nelherland* Pellen Wa^eningen March IS T II S I 1 UK Harwell April 1 1 9 1 1 8 2 2 (Lnflaud) Scandinavia Lysebu April 6 J 6 3 2 2 (Norway) (•'ranee Saclay May 10 3 2 I 2 Ctechnsluvikja Prague June 8 1 3 1 2 Hungary Budapest July 7 3 4 1 2 2 April 13 IAEA FAO 2 FIG. 2.4.6-1 71 training, taught to participate in relevant routine operations. Informality - a dclihcrate feature of all INIS training - encourages open discussion of difficulties encountered at an individual level. Training has been given in descriptive cataloguing, indexing, abstracting, some computer aspects of the 1NIS system, and also in the IAEA library on organization and operation. A total of 13 have been received in the INIS Section and Library from 1970 lo 1976. (See also 1.3.4) (c) Self-teaching Tools Documentation useful for self-teaching arc available in the following areas: Descriptive Cataloguing: IAEA-IN1S-15 INIS: Self-Training Manual for Descriptive Cataloguers Indexing: IAEA-IN1S-16 INIS: Subject Indexing Samples IAEA-INIS-12 INIS: Manual for Indexing Abstracting: IAEA-INIS- 4 1NIS: Instructions for Submitting Abstracts Retrieval: IAEA-I77 INIS: Information Retrieval based on IBM's IRMS 1AEA-191 STAIRS User's Manual (NB: now partly obsolete) Provisional version First Steps on STAIRS: An Aidc-Memoire 2.4.7. Coordination with Member States and Organizations Close coordination with INIS members and the IAEA is essential, and is effected in a variety of ways: by (a) consultation (b) notification (development, statistics) (c) the annual meeting of INIS Liaison Officers, and (d) meetings of the INIS Advisory Committee (a) Consultation TECHNICAL NOTES The purpose of INIS Technical Notes, which were started on 15 December 1970, is the . discussion of specific technical and operational problems arising in the development of INIS and to solicit the comments and advice of interested participants. They arc circulated to all INIS Liaison Officers. Some 31 Technical Notes had been issued by the end of 1977, covering a wide range of topics. Examples: - selection and descriptive cataloguing of patent literature - clarification of the subject scope (specific topics) - inclusion of 5-digit codes with descriptors - test input of machine-readable abstracts - how to participate in indexing consistency tests - treatment of nuclear data sources in INIS - expansion of subject scope (medical applications) Decisions on subsequent steps were then based on the response to a particular Technical Note. 72 CONSULTATIVE MEETINGS. PANELS. WORKING GROUPS AND TECHNICAL COMMITTEES These are convened in Vienna when required, lo review a particular problem area and formulate specific recommendations. A number of panels and working groups already took place between 1966 and 1970, to prepare for the startup of INIS operation. In recent years, the following technical committees had been set up: T.C. on Machine-readable abstracts for INIS (9-11 April 1975) T.C. on the Revision of the INIS Subject Scope (14-25 April 1975) T.C. on the Treatment of Nuclear Data Sources in INIS (1-2 April 1976) T.C. on the Inclusion within the INIS Subject Scope of Medical Applications of Ionizing Radiations and Radioisotopes (23-25 March 1977) (b) Notification Modifications in procedure, statistical data, and general news items are brought to the notice of INIS members by various means. CIRCULAR LETTERS TO LIAISON OFFICERS These letters were started on 5 December 1969, in English, since this is the carrier language of the system. Their purpose has been to announce new developments in INIS rules, standards, operating procedures, etc. and frequently represented the outcome of deliberations following an earlier Technical Note. They arc issued whenever required. Seventy such numbered letters had been issued by the end of 1977, covering a wide range of topics. Examples: - format changes and specifications - changes in descriptive cataloguing rules - notification of forthcoming training seminars - detailed ICT results - introduction of M-Q entries for the subject index - instructio :s on the submission of machine-readable abstracts etc. STATISTICAL DATA These began to be sent out in May 1972, confined to descriptor data only. More information was added as the subject index was introduced. At present, statistical data contain indexing statistics and processing statistics (sec Figs.2.4.7-1 and -2), and are computer- assembled with every issue produced. Indexing statistics arc given for each Member State which has contributed to that particular issue. They concern the total number of documents, number of linked groups per document, and number of categories assigned per linked group. The information on descriptors is broken down into indexer-assigned descriptors and computer-upposted descriptors, per linked group. The number of M-Q pairs per document is given. Recently, the number of machine- readable abstracts in English, and the total number of machine-readable abstracts is included which, for issue 6 of volume 8 (1977) already came to 2576 for a total of 3116 documents. Average figures can thus be followed routinely, both on a country and system level, and trends detected as they develop. The processing statistics, introduced in 1975, are given for each country in terms of processing times (in days) for their documents, together with the average. For issue 9, selected as an example, 80% of all the documents were processed within 15 days, and a further 17% within 15 to 30 days. An End-of-cycle list keeps the inputler informed of the reasons which caused references to be retained on the error file. TRN-RN Correspondence lists tell the inputter under which reference number his input has been published. • All the above information is produced automatically during every production of 1N1S Atomindex and circulated immediately. 73 TELEPHONE: 51 45 11 ^1 INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY 52 45 25 y AGENCE INTERNATIONALE DE L'ENERGIE ATOMIQUE TELEX : 1-2645 M ME5KayHAPOüHOE ATEHTCTBO no ATOM H O ft 3HEPTHH ORGANISMO INTERNACIONAL DE ENERGÍA ATÓMICA CABLE INATOM VIENNA KÄRNTNER RING 11, A-1010 VIENNA, AUSTRIA IM KE.LV rLEASE ItcrtllTO: rtltRC DE It APPELE R LA .CFCENCI: INIS ATOMINDEX VOL 9/ 9 INDEXING STATISTICS PRODUCTION DATE: 78/04/05 COUNTRY IAD/LG CAD/LG TAD/LG NLG NMQ/DGC NSC/DOC ENG TNMA ND0C AT 10. 50 10.49 20.99 202 2.71 1.08 162 162 186 BG 4.00 6.00 10. 00 1 1.00 2. 00 1 1 1 BR 10.66 11.00 21.66 3 2.66 1.00 3 6 3 CH 5. 00 5.00 10.00 1 2.00 1.00 1 1 1 CS 8.63 10.36 18.99 44 1.47 1.04 41 41 44 DD 11.60 17.60 29.20 5 5.20 1.00 5 5 5 DE 8.66 10.36 19.02 380 1.97 1.36 129 258 354 DK 9.60 10.05 19.65 20 2.58 1.08 12 12 12 ES 6.75 7.12 13.87 8 1.75 1.25 8 12 e FR 7.37 11.19 18.56 131 2.30 1.15 91 118 127 GB 10.32 11.98 22.30 325 2.28 1.11 2 86 286 323 GH 5.00 17.00 22.00 1 2.00 1.00 1 1 1 HU 8.90 11.58 20.48 31 2.06 1.29 31 31 31 IN 9. 26 13.63 22. 89 19 1.94 1.15 18 18 19 IT 7.23 10.26 17.49 42 1.52 1.21 42 42 42 JP 9.33 7.77 17. 10 9 1.87 1.00 8 8 8 NL 9.71 13.95 23.66 465 2.07 1.08 264 264 402 PL 8.00 9.00 17.00 1 1.00 1.00 1 1 1 RO 8.00 7.00 15.00 1 1.00 1.00 1 1 1 SU 9.12 10.66 19.78 809 1.79 1.21 484 484 718 US 8.15 9.18 17.33 382 2.33 1.22 375 375 375 XA 8. 72 8.24 16. S6 150 2.34 1.41 144 144 144 XE 9.20 8.00 17.20 5 3.00 1.33 3 3 3 YU 7.00 12.26 19.26 15 1.13 1.00 15 15 15 ZA 9.50 17.00 26.50 2 1.50 2.00 2 2 2 ALL 9. 11 10 .98 20.09 3052 2.09 1.19 2128 2291 2826 NLG/D0C 1.08 ABBREVIATIONS: IAD/LG - INDEXER-ASSIGNED DESCRIPTORS PER LINKED GROUP CAD/LG - COMPUTER-UPPOSTED DESCRIPTORS PER LINKED GROUP TAD/LG - TOTAL ASSIGNED DESCRIPTORS PER LINKED GROUP ( T Aü/LG=IAD/LG-t-CAD/LG ) NLG - NUMBER OF LINKED GROUPS NMQ/DOC - NUMBER OF M-Q PAIRS PER DOCUMENT NSC/DOC - NUMBER OF SUBJECT CATEGORIES PER DOCUMENT ENG - NUMBER OF MACHINE READABLE ABSTRACTS IN ENGLISH TNMA - TOTAL NUMBER OF MACHINE READABLE ABSTRACTS NDOC . - NUMBER OF DOCUMENTS NLG/DOC - NUMBER OF LINKED GROUPS PER DOCUMENT FOR COUNTRY CODE SEE IAEA-INIS-5 Fig. 2.4.7-1 74 INIS ATOMINDEX VOL 9/ 9 PSQCESSING STATISTICS PROCESSING TIME IN DAYS COUNTRY 15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120 135 150 165 180 >180 NDOC AVER AT 186 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 186 6.0 BG 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 177.0 BR 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 45.0 CH 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 21.0 CS 42 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 44 13.0 DD 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 34.0 DE 0 352 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 354 18.0 DK 12 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 • 12 6.0 ES 0 6 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 • 33.0 FR 125 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 127 6. 0 GB 314 5 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 •323 7.0 GH 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 26.0 HU 31 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 31 7.0 IN 14 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 19 14. 0 IT 34 2 0 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 42 14.0 JP 0 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 a 22.0 NX 311 69 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 402 10.0 PL 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 27.0 RO 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 78.0 SU 711 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 718 13.0 US 361 9 1 2 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 375 8.0 XA 143 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 144 12. 0 XE 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 6.0 YU 0 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 28.0 ZA 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 28.0 ALL 2287 506 11 9 9 0 0 3 0 0 0 1 0 2826 11.0 % 80 17 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ABBREVIATIONS: NDOC - NUMBER OF DOCUMENTS AVER - AVERAGE PROCESSING TIME IN DAYS FOR COUNTRY CODE SEE IAEA-INIS-S Pig. 2.4.7-2 References that have been rejected or withdrawn are brought to the attention of inputting rcMrcs, with explanations and a request for resubmission where applicable. A form letter is used for this and, together with relevant computer printouts, is distributed at monthly intervals. QUALITY CHECKS Despatch of comments on specific items from the particular Member Stale's input (sec 2.4.5 (b)). To recapitulate: Semi-monthly Notification: 1. Indexing statistics. 2. a. Processing statistics, b. End-of-cycle lists. J. TRN-RN Correspondence lists. Monthly Notification: Rejected or withdrawn references. 75 IN1S NEWSLETTER A 4-page newsletter was launched at the end of the experimental period, in March 1972. and has been issued quarterly since. It spotlights 1N1S news items of general interest, such as meetings, technical innovations, new INIS publications, available services, nominations of new- Liaison Officers, staff changes and vacancies at the INIS Secretariat, etc. It also includes contributions from INIS participants. (c) Annual Meeting of Liaison Officers Meetings have been held in Vienna (13-15 Nov. 1972, 21-23 Nov. 1973). in Varna (Bulgaria) (4-5 Oct. 1974) and again in Vienna (7-9 Oct. 1975, 2-4 November 1976. and 17-19 May 1978), Each agenda clearly reflects particular stages in development and their associated problems. A copy of the Recommendations of the INIS Liaison Officers' Meeting is also sent to the Member States' Resident Representatives to the IAEA, for transmission to their Governments. (d) Meeting of the INIS Advisory Committee ' The IAEA Board of Governors had indicated that producers, users and administrators were to be represented in the membership of that committee which was to have a broad geographical representation and represent the interests of developing countries. Major policy and budgetary questions arc referred to this committee. There have been two meetings so far, which were held in Vienna (18-19 Nov. 1971 and 17- 19 Dec. 1974). On each occasion progress was reviewed and recommendations made on ways of further improving the.System. Major developments that have taken place as a result include conversion to full-scope operation and adoption of a new Thesaurus in 1972, the introduction . of a subject index in 1973, and the gradual inclusion of machine-readable abstracts during 1975: To recapitulate: Coordination with INIS Members CONSULTATION 1. Technical Notes 2. Consultative Meetings. Panels, Working Groups, Technical Committees NOTIFICATION 1. Circular Letters to Liaison Officers 2. Statistical Data End-of-cycle lists, etc. J. Quality checks LIAISON OFFICERS MEETING Annual INIS ADVISORY COMMITTEE As required 2.4.8 Input of IAEA Publications The IAEA is an international organization which, as part of its work, is responsible for convening conferences, >ympoi.ia, panel and other meetings concerned.with various aspects of nuclear energy. The- publications resulting from these activities take the form of Proceedings 76 Series. Panel Proceedings Series, Safety Series, Technical Directories, Technical Reports Series, Bibliographical Series, Review Series, Study Tour Reports, Legal Series, !N1S Reference Series, some other Publications such as C1NDA, market surveys, etc. and Periodicals of the IAEA, e.g. "Nuclear Fusion" and "Atomic Energy Review". These total approximately 1500 items per year (of which up to 30% have come from non-conventional literature), thus representing about 2.4% of the total input to INIS. The main subject areas are the life sciences; nuclear safety and environmental protection; physics including nuclear data; chemistry, geologj and raw materials including uranium mining, hydrology and desalination; reactors and nuclear power; industrial applications; and others, including safeguards and inspection, and nuclear law. Input is prepared on worksheets which arc keyboarded on-line (sec 2.1.2(b)). To recapitulate: L IAEA input is -~J500 il ems/year. with up to 30% from non-conventional literature. 2. IAEA input is —2.4% of the total INIS input. 2.5 Organization and Staffing of INIS Secretariat at IAEA The INIS Section is part of the Division of Scientific and Technical Information(6) which forms part of the Department of Technical Opcrations('). The Head of the INlS^SectionC) supervises the various operational units consisting essentially of the Subject Control Unit, the Bibliographic Control 'Unit, the 1N1S Clearinghouse (see Fig.2.5-1). INIS Clearinghouse Input arriving at the IAEA is channelled to the Clearinghouse where it is checked and recorded by the dispatcher, and routed to the appropriate units for processing: Magnetic tape to the Computer Section naper tape. OCR sheets, and worksheets to the Bibliographic Control Unit non-conventional literature to the Photographic Unit of the Clearinghouse Microfiches of the non-conventional literature are prepared for dispatch in the Clearinghouse Office which also maintains records and statistics, checks all outgoing items, and deals with related correspondence. Administrative and production matters are supervised by one professional assisted by 5 clerks in the office and 4 technical assistants in the photographic unit. {-) Present director (1978): U.E. Pryor Former directors: E.J. Brunenr:am (1972-1978), C.W. Pelzer (1970-1972), J.E. Woolslon (1967-1970), B. Gross (1966-1967) (') Deputy Director General: I.S. Zheludev (") Present head (1978): A.G. Románente Former heads: A. Heniaminov (1975-1978). Z.Turkov (1970-1975). M. Ivanov (1966-1970) 77 DEPARTMENT OF TECHNICAL OPERATIONS DIVISION OF SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL INFORMATION F.A.O, COMPUTER SECTION AGRIS COORDINATING INIS SECTION CENTRE LIBRARY INFORMATION PROCESSING UNIT AGRIS BIBLIOGRAPHIC INIS SUBJECT SYSTEMS INPUT UNIT CONTROL UNIT CLEARINGHOUSE CONTROL UNIT ANALYSIS UNIT I I I AGRIS ir INIi S SUBJECT THESAURUS DOCUMENTATION PROCESSINi G UNIT* PROCESSINi • G UNi IT SPECIALISTS SPECIALISTS & TYPING UNIT CLEARINGHOUSE PHOTOGRAPHIC I OFFICE UNIT FIG.2.5-1 Information Processing Unit (Computer Section) This unit deals with all computer aspects of systems development, maintenance and routine operation, etc. Its staff consists of 4 systems analysts programmers and 3 applications programmers. The computer system is explained in Part 4 of the Manual. Computer printouts generated by the various processing and production programs are sent to the particular INIS units involved. These operations are discusssed in Part 4. The Bibliographic Control Unit incorporates the 1NIS and AGRIS Processing Units. A professional librarian coordinates, together with the AGRIS Liaison Officer, the work of 11 documentation assistants, 7 for INIS and 4 for AGRIS. Their tasks consist of the checking and editing of bibliographic entries; on-line corrections: the maintenance of authority files: keyboarding of input received on worksheets; and the processing of OCR sheets. Revisions of relevant issues of the INIS Reference Series (1AEA- IN1S-1, 2, 5, 6, 10 and 11) are prepared by the Unit when necessary. Some staff members, guided by the head of their unit, also assist in the teaching of descriptive cataloguing. Similar checking and editing tasks are carried out in the AGRIS Input Unit. The Subject Control Unit consists of 7 subject specialists, and a Thesaurus specialist. These professionals are university graduates in science or engineering. The disciplines represented are physics, reactor technology, engineering, the life sciences and chemistry. Each specialist is responsible for certain subject areas and INIS categories. They are assisted by the Documentation and Typing Unit, consisting of 6 documentation assistants. One subject specialist supervises the various operations. The tasks of the subject specialists include the checking and correcting of the INIS Index Error Lists created by the computer checks; the checking of abstracts; surveillance and development of Thesaurus terminology in their fields; preparation of IAEA input; assistance in training programmes: quality checks of computer-assigned documents; on, request, SDI and retrospective searches in their fields for in-house users; and, when required, participation in the work connected with technical meetings. One subject specialist is in charge of training activities which have already been discussed in section 2.4.6. The Thesaurus specialist is responsible for Thesaurus management, which includes final decisions on changes to be made, and the monthly supplement and semi-annual updates of the Thesaurus (IAEA-INIS-13). Responsibility for the preparation of necessary revisions of the Reference Series concerned with the subject scope, indexing and abstracting lies with the Subject Control Unit (IAEA- IN1S-3. 4, 12). Systems analysis is carried out by a professional staff member who helps to plan and coordinate the development of the technical, budgetary and administrative framework for INIS; to define and document systems specifications and standards; to plan meetings; and to make recommendations on developing the system and improving its efficiency. 2.6 Plans for the Future While INIS is growing in membership and output, the INIS Secretarial is eager to develop further services which can make the INIS data base more effective. Some of these which range from short-term to long-term planning, will be mentioned only briefly at this stage, and in more detail when - and, it is hoped, soon - these topics necessitate an update and have to be moved to another section, such as 2.2 and 2.4! 2.6.1. Direct Access Project A facility is in the process of being created which will enable INIS participants to have direct access to the INIS and AGRIS data bases on the IAEA computer. Computer terminals installed at participating centres permit a direct connection by dial-up telephone lines. Using cumulative files, together with the necessary software, permits on-line searches on any part of the data base starting with 1975. 79 Preliminarj' work on establishing an experimental cooperative system started in 1977. By July 1978, S countries had been linked up on an experimental basis (see Fig.2.4.6-1 ). ¡ It is hoped that in the not too distant future it will be possible for input data to be transmitted in bulk to the IAEA along fast telecommunications lines. This assumes that suitable telecommunications facilities and the necessary software will be available, both in the national centres concerned and at the IAEA. Transmission of input on an Interactive basis may become a possibility ai a later stage. 2.6.2. Data Flagging and Tagging A scheme has been developed for adequately labelling those pieces of literature which contain numerical data, involving evaluated, theoretical or experiemntal data or data compilations. A technical committee on the treatment of nuclear data sources in INIS met in April 1976. An outside consultant was entrusted with the formulation of concrete proposals, with regard to the possible flagging of such data and the assigning of suitable tags on the worksheet. The report became available at the end of 1977, and was approved by the eighth Liaison Officers Meeting in May 1978. Data indexing will start with INIS Atomindex-1979. Such a scheme, once operative, should greatly increase the usefulness of the 1N1S data base for some scientists and particularly for data centres. To recapitulate: Plans for the Future 1. Direct Access Project. 2. Data Flagging and Tagging. 80 Appendix 2-A.l Availability and Cost of INIS Services 1XIS Atnmmdex Available to the public on annual subscription. Prices for 1978 are: (a) Yearly subscription including Cumulative Indexes (by surface mail ) USS150.00 additional rate for airmail (from Vienna): US S 120.00 (b) Yearlv subscription: Issues Nos. 1-24 only (by surface mail) US SÍ 10.00 additional raîe for airmail (from Vienna): US S90.00 tel Yearlv subscription: Cumulative Indexes onlv (by surface mail) US S40.00 additional rate for airmail (from Vienna): US S30.00 (d) Price persinele issue of Nos. 1—24 US SS.00 BACK ISSUES Back copies of most issues of INIS Atomindex published since April 1970 are still available. Price per issue: Vol. I to Vol. 5 US S 1.50 Vol.6 USS2.00 Vol. 7 to Vol.9 US S5.00 Orders should be sent ki the Publishing Section of the IAEA. Prior to Volume 7. 1976. abstracts for most items were not printed in INIS Atomindex but were published on microfiche. Backsets of the INIS Abstracts on microfiche covering vols. 1 to 6 of INIS Atom- index are still available from the 1N1S Clearinghouse. Cost is US S45.00 per volume. CUMULATIVE INDEXES Cumulative Indexes to 1N1S Atomindex have been published. Back- copies covering the following issues are available at the prices indicated. Vol. 1, No. 1 - Vol. 3. No. 4 US SI2.00 Vol. 3, Nos. 5-12 US S8.00 Vol. 4, Nos. 1-12 US S5.00 Vol. 4. Nos. 13-24 US S5.00 Vol. 5. Nos. 1-12 US S7.50 Vol. 5, Nos. 13-24 US S 7.50 Vol. 6, Nos. 1-12 US S12.50 Vol. 6, Nos. 13-24 US SI2.50 Vol. 7, Nos. 13-24 US S20.00 Vol. 8. Nos. 1-12 USS20.00 Orders should be sent to the Publishing Section of the IAEA. MAGNETIC TAPE SERVICE This semi-monthly service, providing magnetic tapes containing all records submitted to the system, is available only to participating Member States and International Organizations. National INIS centres in many countries are utilizing INIS tapes in the provision of national information services. Available services vary from country to country and interested persons arc requested to contact their national INIS Liaison Officer whose name and address appear on the inside cover of this journal. 81 Q IMS XOX-COM'E.ST/OXA I. LITIiRA TURE OS MICROFICHE Available to the public. (See also the order form printed in the back of this issue). Prices for 1978 are: Standing orders: US S0.20 per microfiche Individual orders: US S0.65 per document, irrespective of the number of microfiches contained in the document. Orders should be accompanied by prepayment in the form of a cheque or in the form of IAEA Microfiche Service Coupons, and should be sent to: 1N1S Clearinghouse International Atomic Energy Agency P.O. 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World Health Organization I WHO) Hard copies of documents available from WHO Sales Agents or may be consulted in the WHO depository library in each WHO Member State. 87 Appendix 2-A.2 INIS Member States and Organizations (July 1978) The following States arc Members of the International Atomic Energy Agency: AFGHANISTAN HOLY SEE * PERU ALBANIA HUNGARY * PHILIPPINES ALGERIA ICELAND * POLAND ARGENTINA INDIA * PORTUGAL AUSTRALIA INDONESIA * QATAR AUSTRIA IRAN * ROMANIA BANGLADESH IRAQ SAUDI ARABIA BELGIUM IRELAND SENEGAL BOLIVIA ISRAEL SIERRA LEONE BRAZIL ITALY SINGAPORE BULGARIA IVORY COAST * SOUTH AFRICA BURMA JAMAICA * SPAIN BYELORUSSIAN SOVIET JAPAN * SRI LANKA SOCIALIST REPUBLIC JORDAN SUDAN CANADA KENYA * SWEDEN CHILE KOREA, REPUBLIC OF * SWITZERLAND COLOMBIA KUWAIT SYRIAN ARAB REPUBLIC COSTARICA LEBANON * THAILAND CUBA LIBERIA TUNISIA CYPRUS LIBYAN ARAB JAMAH1R1YA * TURKEY CZECHOSLOVAKIA LIECHTENSTEIN UGANDA DEMOCRATIC KAMPUCHEA LUXEMBOURG * UKRAINIAN SOVIET DEMOCRATIC PEOPLE'S MADAGASCAR SOCIALIST REPUBLIC REPUBLIC OF KOREA MALAYSIA * UNION OF SOVIET DENMARK MALI SOCIALIST REPUBLICS DOMINICAN REPUBLIC MAURITIUS UNITED ARAB EMIRATES ECUADOR MEXICO * UNITED KINGDOM OF EGYPT MONACO GREAT BRITAIN AND EL SALVADOR MONGOLIA NORTHERN IRELAND ETHIOPIA MOROCCO * UNITED REPUBLIC OF CAMEROON FINLAND NETHERLANDS UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA FRANCE NEW ZEALAND * UNITED STATES OF AMERICA GABON NICARAGUA URUGUAY GERMAN DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC NIGER * VENEZUELA GERMANY, FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF NIGERIA * VIET NAM GHANA NORWAY * YUGOSLAVIA GREECE PAKISTAN * ZAIRE GUATEMALA PANAMA * ZAMBIA HAITI PARAGUAY * Countries marked by an asterisk arc those that by the day of edition of this document had formally indicated their willingness to participate in the International Nuclear Information System (INIS). 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Avenue Appia Atomic Radiation Lcnaugasse 10 CH-I2I1 Geneva 27 c/o UNIDO A-1082 Vienna Switzerland Wasagassc 22 Austria Telephone": (022)34 60 61 cxt.207O A-1092 Vienna Telephone: 42 75 11 Tel«: 27821 OMSCH 6. Austria Telex: 07/5400 SGAE Telephone: 43500 Telex: 75612 92 Appendix 2-A.4 MATRIX OF BIBUOCFUKHC D4T» ELEMENTS ANA COLLEC BiBuoaunnc LYTI LEVU CAL MONOGRAPHIC TIVE M INDEXING ABSTRACT LEVEL LEVEL i SE 82 i c II a5 si él D »1BUOGHAPHJC data elements tag m AUTHOR1 fcrwnal Author/Editor ln«cniul (Affiliation) Corporate Entry no Academic Degree 111 Primary Title 200 Primary Subtitle 201 Conference Title 210 Conference Place Con/trence Di it 213 Original Tille 230 Original Subtitle 231 IDENTIFYING NUMBERS Report/Paient Number 300 Secondary Numberi 310 ISBN IPC/ISSN 320 IMPRINT* Race of Publication 401 0 • H P Name of Publisher 402 £ * • p Date of Publica lion 403 LANGUAGE Él NOTES 1 610 Availability 611 AUTHORITY CODES1 • Affiliation Corporate Eniry Code INDEXING Detctiptett Propoied Deicrtplort ABSTRACTS Language Ten Eilher penonal author or corporate entry Mutt be given x Indtcaiei that the correiponding data element mutt a!way* be entered for the For report! the edition it entered ai part of the report number auoclated type ef tecotd; e.g. a title mutt be entered for a repon For leri« the date of publication ii omittrd p Indicate! that the conetponding data element mutt be entered If present'on For Journal articlca the collation li entered an level S. the piece of literature being catalogued, e.g. a lubtltle for book* for all other analytical entités the collation it entered on level A • Indica tea that the corresponding data element Ii never For map*, atlaiei *nd drawingi enter the tea le, for filmt the running time, entered for the attociaied type of record; e.g. a conference date cannot be for p honore cor di the ipeed in rpm - entered foi patemt There code) mutt be given whenever the corre*ponding data element! arc entered WHEN IDENTICAL ENTRIES WOULD OCCUR IN WULTI-UVIL RECORDS ENTER ONLY AT THE MOST APPROPRIATE LEVEL. IN CASES WHERE IDENTICAL ENTRIES AT TWO LEVELS ART EQUALLY APPROPRIATE, ENTER ONLY AT THE LOWEST LEVEL 93 2 f î 1 INIS • .1 7 * 3 n w c 0 WORKSHEET 001 UJS A/ 003 004 o 1 IP no? © ««L ! ! ! ! 1 1 BIBLIOGRAPHIC AND INDEXING DATA ? 1 ! 006 007L Ï 1 i » î 1 I IL! Ü! Hl i ~ i " ! L B D F G M K N u , n z x i a 008.ESMIDGIb ] AW¥)/m/ m / i I - (Use a separate Worksheet for each level circled In the Bibliographic Level box starting with the left-most level and enter code in OO90 box 009. For serial entries use section 2 of this Worksheet. Use Abstracts Worksheet for abstracts.) Level Teg Data (anter by typewriter only) Personal Author(s) 100 Inventor(t) Edltorls) Li ch. tens te in, E.P. (6959400US); Kataa, J. (29 65000IL) ; (Affllletlon(sl) Anderegg, B.N. APPEN fclX a-A.5.1 Corporate Entry/ 110 Assignee TooftHAL ARTIGUÉ fft.) AS INIS INPUT Acad. Oegree 111 Primary Title 200 Binding of "persistent" and "nonpersistent" 1^C-labeled insecticides in an agricultural soil Primary Subtitle 201 Conf. Title 210 Conf. Place 211 Conf. Dale 213 Original Title 230 (transliterated) Original subtitle (transliterated) 231 Edition 250 Fteport/ Patent Number 300 Sec. Number(s) 310 ISBN/IPC 320 Place of Publication 401 Publisher 402 Date of Publication 403 Collation 500 Language 600 Notes 610 Availability Note 611 Title 620 Augmentation methyl parathion, dieldrin, DDT, Dyfonate (Optional) Affiliation Code 700 Corp. Entry Code 710 2 009 (enter by typewriter only) Level Series/ 230 Journal Title J. Agrie. Food Chem. Series/ Journal Subtitle 231 ISSN 320 ISSN 0021-8561 Date of Publication 403 (Jan - Feb 1977) Collation 500 v. 25(1) p. 43-47 Notes 610 Descriptiva Cataloguer Indexer: M ti Puncher: Proofreader: Data Completed: A-14/nev. 12 (Oct 76) PLEASE TURN OVER INIS Form 1 (Plev.5) 94 009LÍLJ 800 Descriptors Level Main Heading and/or Link Indicators Descriptors Qualifier Labels 1 LOAM ! 2 DIELDRIN !! Ml 3 DDT ;, M2 4 TNSTCfiTTnTTJTW , M6 5 METHYL PARATHION ! 1.M3 6 DYF0NATE J M4 7 ADSORPTION • 8 DECOMPOSITION I 9 SOLVENT EXTRACTION ' 10 RESIDUES : 11 CARBON 14 COMPOUNDS 12 TR4CRR TRnHNTQTTRfi ' 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 810 Proposed Descriptors Definition ol Intended Meaning and Suggested Associated Terms MK/PHYT. PâBATHTON 0,0-dime-thyl-O-parar-nitrophenyl- phosphorothioate (thiophosphate) METHYL PARATHION BT1 insecticides BT1 thiophosphoric acid esters BT1 organic phosphorus compounds RT parathion DYPONATE O-ethyl-S-phenyl-ethyl-phosphonothioate Also known as "fonofos" DYPONATE BT1 insecticides BT1 thiophenols BT1 phssphonic acid esters 95 APPENDIX 2-AiS,,f AGRIS Form 1 (Rev.2) 1 c YEAR SERIAL NUMBER (b) AS AC-RIS INPUT «vis 77 999 99 001 Input Sh« Input th.!.». INPUT SHEET F «23 .-/CD DI RVEL UTERARY INDICATOR cUea • eaparat* Input Shaot for aach lovol rifelxrj in lh* HihlioKraphir L*v*l bo« aurtin« with th* l*fl moa: ]«*«! and *nt«r rod* in bos 009 For atrial antria* u»* auction 2 of thia Input Sh#«t» Tat Data <*ntar by Typewriter only1 p.rtvntt Nam» («• too iAffili»tion (in Lichtenstein, E.P. [University of Wisconsin, Madison (USA)); Katan, J.; Anderegg, B.N. Corporal* Namatai 110 Da*ran 111 Main Tilla _n*li*h MO Binding of "persistent" and "non-persistent" 14C-labeled insecticides Till» [ [14C]dieldrin, p,p'-[14CJDDT and [14C]methylparathion, [14C] fonofos in an acricultural floaml soil fafter 28 days of treatment] Secondary XI «... 210 Con f. Placa 311 Data 313 Ordinal Main Tltta 230 Till* (ir.n.Jit ) Soco n d arjf 2)1 • 1 am ant a Edition 290 Raport/Patent Number 3O0 Sac. Numborfal 310 ISBN/IPC m Plata of Publication 401 IMPRINT Publi.h.r m Data of Publication «03 Collation sao Language of tait MO (En) Net« «10 16 ref. Summary (En) *Obj»et«. L Geolr. Codea »20 1 1 1 ______/lei 1 1 !:___ 2 m T ut.vn SERIAL Main Titl. 2M TITLE Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry (USA) Secondary 2)1 ISSN )20 ISSN 0021-8561 Data ot Publication 401 (Jan-Feb 1977) Collation m v. 25(1) p. 43-47 Note* tu 96 6 tí /Pcjq/\33/ 3 3 INIS i s 1 V au s c D WORKSHEET TfAl ihhhl«•1*1 trtrtítri t a ") MBUOCIRAPHIC AND INDEX1NO DATA X|a 003t w03 4«CD « 11 «.TU* nJ 1 1 1 1 1 1 s ? ï 1 f S ï 1¡ ï I 1 a II.»» . 3 J ,rmf c D F TIITTI y my aU mm AS) (stcowrjAUti TTC« OMf tíCCTUJ )p R T URJOa. UVt L unun dxwcatu* ,l tW m M'imrxli- WoHmhwt tor fnrh t-lrc-lfd In Iho HibliiUff uphtc L4**e-I ho* NUr-tlng ««Ith Ihr lrft-mo»t lt>v*>| and «• nier cndt» In ho« OOfl. OOQ >A?ET,I 1 "Ko r «crlnt t* mrt<-* ihm- •ftltnit 2 of thl«t Wt»rUf*twrt . V*»»* At**«U'tH \Vi>rk<*liwl fur iitwtrwftiO Ta, Data (rotfi by tjrprwtiart onJ») ICO Pettmaj Aulhoi(l) (A£l»tlwi(t|) Lapidot, M. (3369000IL) ' PAN ELL rl»CH^S (o.) AS 1N]S INPUT Oirpot aie Ente/s no Atul Degree m Piltntry Tille Introducing irradiated agricultural products on a large scale. A 200 test study in a developing country Ptlmi-rr Subtitle Conl TitJe 201 Panel on the technological factors involved in the economical 210 application of food irradiation Conl Plate Vienna^ Austria Coni. Dare 211 14 - 18 Jun 1971 OikimI Title 213 (tiuiilrtetaied) 230 Oii(ii«J Subtitle Itnniliirfttrd) Edition 2dl Report/Paient Number ao260o Sec. Nurnbei(i) IABA-PL—433/5 ISHN/Ifi: 310 Rateo! Publttauun 32Ó Publithei 401 402 DalCoUaUoe tu* PubtfcaUun n 403" p. fiR-74 aöoBOO~ Nölei eio Title Auf Corp, Entry Code 710 2 cooLH (entet by tjrpe»tit*t oaly) Satwi/Jouinal T.ll« 230 Srmt/Jowrtial Subtitle ISSN 231 Daitol Publicado» ~320 CollatUm 40O Nom ~BÖeio0 D«»crtpt»« Cu*lc>|««^J^Û Dat* Coaaulaaad: A-14/Pf». 11 (Mir V>) PLEASE TURN OVER 97 3 ooeLU w» Descriptors Main Heading und/or Descriptors Link Indicators Ouitlift«r Labels 1 POOD : Ml z CHOPS : 3 IRRADIATION ¡ Ql t IRRADIATION PROCEDURES '• M2 s 02 PlTHT.Tfi HTüT.ATTONS 6 FEASIBILITY STUDIES . TRADE 8 ECONOMICS g PLANNING ' 1« t? BEHAVIOR U STORAGE LIFE 12 DEVELOPING COUNTRIES 13 « ONIONS Ml 14 POTATOES M4 15 SPROUT INHIBITION •0.-1,04 16 IRRADIATION 17 ISRAEL 1H ^— 19 v . • - 2» 21 22 23 21 25 26 27 28 2« 30 31 32 33 31 35 810 Proposed Descriptors Definition or Intended Meaning and Suggested Associated Terms 98 INIS WORKSHEET BIBLIOGRAPHIC ANO INDEXING DATA WCOtt) *T*ÏU» c T / d i I I C g ? Ú S i ä î si. i J l i 1 1 3 a JS I î 3 ¡ 3 B C t> F O H î R T / A M fi C / K L. w 7. •Y E »tauo. um ä[io[mLXD ./{uyny ITT? t«J»r* n *M-|»«rmt* Wark*hf* T.« D.I. (mut bt tfpiwHiritmlTI Pttumtl Author(i) 10O ln*enior(«t/Edllor(t| Ctnptuêit FjitrrV tio Amanee 3295000XA Ac»d. Dette* 111 Primary Tid* aôô Factors influencing the economioal application of food irradiation Ptimar* Subuilr SOI Proceedings of a panel on the technological factors involved in the economical application of food irradiation organized hy the Joint PAO/IAEA Division of Atomic Energy in Pood and Agriculture and held Conl Due 213 in Vienna, Austria J.4-I8 June OiiaiM) Tillr 230 (liintlitnarrd) Original Subtitk 231 (•tantl)l«f*lrd) Edition 2BO Report/Patent Number 30O S« Number) •) SIO IMtNMrV 320 Fixe oi PublKiuoa •toi Vienna Pu blither 402 TAP.* Dur of Publication •103 1975 CoU«tlon BOO aoo Not*. Lui fu* 1' eio luir ^utmcoMiti'n 820 Affiliation Code 700 Corp. Enirjr Code 710 2 oooH Vnn/JoutnU T.iJï 230 Panel proceedings series Sciiri/Jimtnal Sutrtitl* 231 320 Our »f Publií.t.oa ~4Ö3 eoo~ Noiit 610 Coll.UMi • Dctrriptl** Catalo«>wr: Indexer: Puncher. PtoofrndcT: Daw CompWtad: .u,,..>!,«„»> PLEASE TURN OVER 99 oo» ™ Descriptors Míiin lie.itiinfí «ml/or t.ink indicator* Dt'scripturs Qualifier 1,illicit. - z : s 6 8 10 11 12 13 1-1 15 16 17 1H 19 20 21 22 2.'1 21 25 26 8iO Proposed Descriptors Definition or Intended Meaning and Suggested Associated Terms 100 APPENDIX AGRIS Form 1 (Rev.2) '(b) AS AG*VS INPUT I R SRRTM..TJt;MHF:FI agns X f 7 7 9 7 III Input Shoot tntal no. «f Input Tmeatá «tatú* number Input Shoot* eh «fifi o "1 1 1 8 I I I X INPUT o ._ rolatod UN < X h ^ a o < d z e SHEET z a o c 3a o3 20 a* *• *• «** o s 01 Ta« Data fontor by Typowritor onlyl N,«. «*- 1« Lapidot, M. (Sorcq Nuclear Research Center, Yavne (Israel)) Cnrporato Namo'a) 110 Dokpoo til KnitlUh Mam Title 100 Titlo Introducing irradiated agricultural products on a large scale [potatoes, onions, Israel] Socondary alomnnta »1 A tost study in a developing country .,. «... Factors Influencing the Economical Application of Food Irradiation: 210 Proceedings of a Panel Conf. Placo 111 Vienna (Austria) Data 313 14-18 Jun 1971 Oriftinal Mam Titla uo Titlo ll ran all l > Sotorn) »ry 131 Kliman Hopot-t'Fatitnt N"»»nb»r m Sor. Numborlit 310 ISH N s I PC 3» I'laro of Publication «1 IMPRINT I'ubli-har 401 I'uliliration 403 Collation 500 Langnau» nf Ion 400 (En) Nota* 110 42 ref. •Objort». Gfofr. Codo» •JO 0Í2-IV lOl ; IÎHÙ-: /|G|él?(f*l;_-_ ___ - 2 m SE HI At Mata "ÏH.!* 130 TITLE .-•'•! Secondary Z3I ISSN 3» !>«(* of Fublifition «03 Collation soo Notai »10 101 AGRIS Form 1 (Rev.2) 1 c YEAH j| SERIAL NUMBER X F 9 7 B MA Input Input Sheet« eh-tut» INPUT -I X o u c SHEET X ¡SI x 0 o < I * y M s c m TYPE OF HECORD B1BUOG LEVEL LITERARY INDICATOR éà LEVEL Tej 1 ttota 'entor by Typewrit of «n!y' * t * Peraonol Nomo too (Affiliation ta" Corporal* Nimilil '!° * International-Atomic'Energy Agency, Vienna (Austria). Joint FA0/IAEA Div. of Atomic Energy in Food and Agriculture Oe«r«e ut 1 EnKli.h Main Title ' 200 Title Factors influencing the economic application of food irradiation Secondary 301 Proceedings of a Panel on the Technological Factors Involved in the •r N Economical Application of Food Irradiation. •'Organized by the Joint X X FAO/IAEA Div. and held in Vienna. Austria. 14-18 June. 1971 . '" • Conf. Place III Data 211 í ' ' *' _• * Oriilnel Main Title 330 Title Itranalit.) , •' ,• Second try 231 element. * Edition 2» Report/Patent Number 300 Sac. NumborUi 310 IAEA-STI/PUB—331 ISBN/IPC 320 Place of Publication 401 Vipnnn (Austrian 1MFNINT Publiahar 401 IAEA- Data of Publication 403 -"1973 Collation 300 p. 65-74 too Note* »10 'Obiaeta. 4 G*o«r. Cada* »20 1 ! 1 1; - - /loi III;--- - 2 m IT SERIAL Main Title XH TITLE , R ni aV.". NÜ ISSN 330 Data of Publication 403 Collation SOD Notai •ID 102 INtS COU*'— * WORKSHEET 1 / Appendix 2-A-=6.1 ABSTRACTS oot • ooß/S] ( Use a separate Worksheet for each language version of the abstract) Tag (enter by typewriter only) Language 850- EnglJBh Abstract 860 The extractadility and formation of bound ^C-labelled residues in an agricultural loam Boil were investigated with the "nonpersistent" insecticidas [^C] methylparathion and [^^C] fonofoB (ryfonate) and with the "persistent" insecticides [*^C] dieldrin and p,p'-[^C] IDT. With [14C] methylparathion only Tf> of the applied radiocarbon was extractadle 28 days after soil treatment, while ^C-dound residues amounted to" 43/6 of the applied dose. With £14C] fonofos, however, still 4756 of the applied dose was extractadle and 35$ of the applied radiocarbon was bound. Only a fraction of the radiocarbon extracted from [^C] methylparathion treated BOXI waB associated with the parent compound, while extractadle ^C—labelled residues from the other insecticide-treated soils were primarily due to the presence of the parent compounds. Smaller amounts of soil-bound residues had been formed with the "persistent" insecticides, amounting after 28 days to only 6.5$ of the applied [*^C] 14 dieldrin and to 25# of the applied p,p«-[ C] DDT, while 95 and 72JÍ, respectively, were still recovered by organic solvent extraction. They differed from the organophosphoruB compounds in their relatively low binding properties and their high extractability from soils. Contrary to results with [^C] parathion, the mechanism of binding of [^C] fonofoB was not dependent on the presence of Boil microorganisms. At higher application rates of the insecticides, relatively less radiocarbon was bound, possibly due to saturation of binding sites. Bound residues were found to be either nontoxic to fruit flies or of drastically reduced insecticidal activity. The significance of the formation of insecticide bound residues in soils in reassessing persistence of pesticides is discussed. Abstracter: Puncher: Proofreader: Date Completed: A-15 (May 75) INIS Form 3 (Rev. 103 INIS «M- WORKSHEET X r~ ool 1 no? Appendix 2-A.6.2 ABSTRACTS Indicative ABSTRACT 00sLj3 /LÜÍ—1 'USe 3 5epa'a, Tag (enter by typewriter only) Language 850 English Abstract 860 The extractability and formation of hound ^C-labelled residues in an agricultural loam soil were investigated using labelled "nonparsiatent" insecticides methylparathion, and fonofos (l^fonato) and the labelled "persistent" insecticides iieldrin and Psp'-DDT. Bound vesidues vere found to he either nontoxic to fruit flies or of drastically reduced insecticidal activity. The significance of the formation of insecticide hound residues in-soils in reassessing persistence of pesticides is discussed. Puncher: Proofreader: Date Completed: A-16 (May 75) INIS Form 3 (Rev. 104 2-A.7.1 Sample search on both data bases Query: Radiation-induced disease resistance in rice, barley and wheat: details of publications reported in AGRIS. [Total number, titles and AGRINDEX reference numbers.] AQUARIUS - SEARCH MODE 00001 <0110 OR 0150 OR 0180).CODE. AND (F30 OR H20>.SUBC. 0110 2478 OCCURRENCES 2477 DOCUMENTS 0150 6B28 OCCURRENCES 682B DOCUMENTS 0180 6243 OCCURRENCES 6243 DOCUMENTS F30 13117 OCCURRENCES 13116 DOCUMENTS H20 16720 OCCURRENCES 16712 DOCUMENTS RESULT 4336 OCCURRENCE 4336 DOCUMENTS 6QUARIUS - SEARCH MODE 00002 RADIAT* OR IRRADIAT* OR GAMMA-RAY* OR GAMMA ADJ RAY RADIAT* 1364 OCCURRENCES RADIATA 273 OCCURRENCES 259 DOCUMEN. RADIATED 4 OCCURRENCES 4 DOCUMENTS RADIATING 1 OCCURRENCE 1 DOCUMENT RADIATION 973 OCCURRENCES 827 DOCUMENTS RADIATION-CHEMICAL 1 OCCURRENCE 1 DOCUMENT RADIATION-HEAT 1 OCCURRENCE 1 DOCUMENT RADIATION-INDUCED 36 OCCURRENCES 36 DOCUMENTS RADIATION-INDUCTION 1 OCCURRENCE 1 DOCUMENT RADIATION-INITIATED 1 OCCURRENCE 1 DOCUMENT RADIATION-SENSITIVE 3 OCCURRENCES 3 DOCUMENTS RADIATION-STERILIZATION 1 OCCURRENCE 1 DOCUMENT RADIATION-STERILIZED 2 OCCURRENCES 2 DOCUMENTS RADIATIONAL 4 OCCURRENCES 4 DOCUMENTS RADIATIONS 33 OCCURRENCES 33 DOCUMENTS RADIATIVE 6 OCCURRENCES 6 DOCUMENTS RADIATIVE-HYGIENIC 1 OCCURRENCE 1 DOCUMENT RADIATON 1 OCCURRENCE 1 DOCUMENT RADIATOR 1 OCCURRENCE 1 DOCUMENT RADIATORS 3 OCCURRENCES 2 DOCUMENTS RADIATUM 4 OCCURRENCES 4 DOCUMENTS RADIATUS 14 OCCURRENCES 14 DOCUMENTS IRRADIAT* 685 OCCURRENCES IRRADIATED 224 OCCURRENCES 193 DOCUMENTS IRRADIATING 4 OCCURRENCES 4 DOCUMENTS IRRADIATION 446 OCCURRENCES 394 DOCUMENTS IRRADIATION-INDUCED 1 OCCURRENCE 1 DOCUMENT IRRADIATIONS 6 OCCURRENCES 6 DOCUMENTS IRRADIATOR 3 OCCURRENCES 3 DOCUMENTS IRRADIATORS 1 OCCURRENCE 1 DOCUMENT GAMMA-RAY* 74 OCCURRENCES GAMMA-RAY 32 OCCURRENCES 32 DOCUMENTS GAMMA-RAY-INDUCED 2 OCCURRENCES 2 DOCUMENTS GAMMA-RAY-IRRADIATED 1 OCCURRENCE 1 DOCUMENT GAMMA-RAYED 2 OCCURRENCES 2 DOCUMENTS GAMMA-RAYS 36 OCCURRENCES 36 DOCUMENTS GAMMA-RAYS-INDUCED 1 OCCURRENCE 1 DOCUMENT GAMMA 372 OCCURRENCES 364 DOCUMENTS RAY 185 OCCURRENCES 181 DOCUMENTS RESULT 2137 OCCURRENCE 1735 DOCUMENTS AOUARIUS - SEARCH MODE 00003 RESIST* RESIST* 4307 OCCUPFXntJES RESIST 13 OCCURRENCES 13 DOCUMENTS RESISTANCE 3420 OCCURRENCES 3161 DOCUMENTS 105 RESISTANCE-BREAKING 1 OCCURRENCE 1 DOCUMENT RESISTANCE-ENERGY 1 OCCURRENCE 1 DOCUMENT RESISTANCE—PRESSURE 1 OCCURRENCE 1 DOCUMENT RESISTANCE-TYPE 1 OCCURRENCE 1 DOCUMENT RESISTANCE-1974 1 OCCURRENCE 1 DOCUMENT RESISTANCE/TOLERANCE 1 OCCURRENCE 1 DOCUMENT RESISTANCES 23 OCCURRENCES 23 DOCUMENTS RESISTANCETO 1 OCCURRENCE 1 DOCUMENT RESISTANT 621 OCCURRENCES 617 DOCUMENTS RESISTANT-MUTANTS . 1 OCCURRENCE 1 DOCUMENT RESISTANT-STRAIN 1 OCCURRENCE 1 DOCUMENT RESISTED 1 OCCURRENCE 1 DOCUMENT RESISTENCE 20 OCCURRENCES 20 DOCUMENTS RESISTENCIA 162 OCCURRENCES 63 DOCUMENTS RESISTENCY 1 OCCURRENCE 1 DOCUMENT RESISTENT 12 OCCURRENCES 12 DOCUMENTS RESISTENZA 2 OCCURRENCES 2 DOCUMENTS RESISTENZFORSCHUNG 4 OCCURRENCES 4 DOCUMENTS RESISTIBILITY 2 OCCURRENCES 2 DOCUMENTS RESISTING 7 OCCURRENCES 7 DOCUMENTS RESISTIVITY 8 OCCURRENCES 8 DOCUMENTS RESISTOGRAM 2 OCCURRENCES 2 DOCUMENTS RESULT 4307 OCCURRENCE 3882 DOCUMENTS AQUARIUS - SEARCH MODE 00004 1 AND 2 AND 3 1 (0110 OR 0150 OR 0180).C 4336 OCCURRENCES 4336 DOCUMENTS 2 RADIAT* OR "IRRADIAT* OR 2137 OCCURRENCES 1735 DOCUMENTS 3 RESIST* 4307 OCCURRENCES 3882 DOCUMENTS RESULT 4 OCCURRENCE 4 DOCUMENTS ..BROWSE 4 F=2»TITL»IMPR AGR000012937, DOCUMENT» 1 OF 4 NUMBER OF LINES = 9 RN = 012937 TITL SELECTION FOR BLAST-RESISTANT MUTANTS IN IRRADIATED RICE POPULATIONS. IMPR VIENNA (AUSTRIA). INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY. 1974. END OF DOCUMENT AGR000094599 DOCUMENT3 2 OF 4 NUMBER OF LINES » 7 RN = 094599 TITL EVALUATING RESISTANCE TO PUCCINIA RECÓNDITA TRITICI IN MUTANT LINES SELECTED IN WHEAT AFTER MUTAGENIC TREATMENTS. IMPR (1975). END OF DOCUMENT AGR000267612 DOCUMENT3 3 OF 4 NUMBER OF LINES = 9 RN = 267612 TITL PREVENTION OF GENE EROSION OF OLD WHEAT VARIETIES BY BACK-CROSSING AND X-RAY IRRADIATION. IMPR VIENNA (AUSTRIA). INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY. JUL 1977. END OF DOCUMENT AGR000269515 DOCUMENT3 4 OF 4 NUMBER OF LINES = 9 RN = 269515 TITL SELECTION FOR BLAST-RESISTANT MUTANTS IN IRRADIATED RICE POPULATIONS. IMPR VIENNA (AUSTRIA). INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY. JUL 1977. R0601 * END OF DOCUMENTS IN LIST - ENTER RETURN OR ANOTHER COMMAND. 106 Query. Radiation-induced disease resistance in rice, barley and wheat: (a) how many publications on that subject are available in INIS? [Titles of the ten most recent ones ; reference numbers of the rest J (b) details of any relevant conferences or symposia. AOUftÇIUS - SEARCH MODE 00001 RICE OR BARLEY OR WHEAT RICE 1199 OCCURRENCES 683 DOCUMENTS BARLEY 464 OCCURRENCES 177 DOCUMENTS WHEAT 746 OCCURRENCES 286 DOCUMENTS RESULT 2409 OCCURRENCE 1089 DOCUMENTS AW (ARTUS - SEARCH MODE 00002 5 F=RNrTITL INI00021B195 DOCUMENT» 1 OF 58 NUMBER OF LINES = RN = 218195 TITL USE OF INDUCED MUTATIONS FOR POTATO IMPROVEMENT. END OF DOCUMENT _' DOC=2,10 INI000228474 DOCUMENT= 2 OF 58 NUMBER OF LINES = RN = 228474 TITL ROLE OF MUTATION BREEDING IN RICE. 107 INI000240285 DOCUMENT» 3 OF 58 NUMBER OF LINES RN = 240285 TTTL TRACER TECHNIQUES IN PLANT BREEDING PROGRAMMES. INI000242166 DOCUMENT» 4 OF 58 NUMBER OF LINES = RN = 242166 -v TITL RECENT RESEARCH ON IRRADIATED FRENCH CAMARGUE RICE. RECHERCHES RECENTES SUR L'IRRADIATION D'UN RIZ FRANÇAIS DE CAMARGUE. INI000242175 DOCUMENT" 5 OF 58 NUMBER OF LINES = 8 RN = 242175 TITL YEAST EXTRACT ACTION ON PROLIFERATION OF IRRADIATED RICE (ORYZA SATIVA L. MAR. CIGALON) RADICULAR MERISTEMS CELLS BY ¡ RAYS OF CO... ACTION DE L'EXTRAIT DE LEVURE SUR LA PROLIFERATION DES CELLULES DU MERISTEME RADICULAIRE DE RIZ INI000242330 DOCUMENT» 6 OF 58 NUMBER OF LINES = 4 RN = 242330 TITL EVALUATING RESISTANCE TO PUCCINIA RECÓNDITA TRITICI IN MUTANT LINE SELECTED IN WHEAT AFTER MUTAGENIC TREATMENTS. INI000278798 DOCUMENT" 7 OF 58 NUMBER OF LINES = RN 3 278798 TITL INDUCED MUTATIONS FOR DISEASE RESISTANCE IN WHEAT AND FIELD BEANS. IN.T000278802 DOCUMENT3 8 OF 58 NUMBER OF LINES = 4 RN = 27B802 TITL WINTER WHEAT MUTATION BREEDING FOR RESISTANCE AND TOLERANCE. X-RAYS. FAST NEUTRONS. E0524 * TEMPORARY STORAGE I/O-ERROR (MAY BE. FULL). R0521. * ENTER DOCUMENT REOUEST OR ANOTHER COMMAND .... D0C = 9rl0 INI000278804 DOCUMENT- 9 OF 58 NUMBER OF LINES = 4 RN = 278804 TITL TYPE OF INFECTIONt SEVERITY AND TOLERANCE TO PUCCINIA RECÓNDITA TRITICI IN OLD MUTANT LINES OF WHEAT, INI000278805 DOCUMENT3 10 OF 58 NUMBER OF LINES RN - 278805 TITL INVESTIGATIONS ON RESISTANCE OF BARLEY AGAINST MILDEW (ERYSIPHE GRAMIMIS), EMS. END OF DOCUMENTS _ NEUSPEC AQUARIUS - BROWSE MODE - RETURN TO CONTINUE^ OR ENTER ALL, A, Br PRINT-SPECS EXPLAINr OR A DOC-REQUEST._ F= END OF DOCUMENT _ D0C=11,58 1NI000373728 DOCUMENT3 11 OF SB NUMBER OF LINES RN = 373728 VVSS = 0910 INI000373727 DOCUMENT3 12 OF 58 NUMBER OF LINES 3 RN = 373727 VVSS = 0910 INI000373726 DOCUMENT3 13 OF 58 NUMBER OF LINES RN = 373726 VVSS = 09T0 108 INI000373725 DOCUMENT' 14 OF 58 NUMBER OF LINES = RN = 373725 VVSS = 0910 INI000373724 DOCUMENT' .15 OF 58 NUMBER OF LINES = RN = 373724 VVSS = 0910 INI000373723 DOCUMENT' 16 OF 58 NUMBER OF LINES = RN = 373723 VVSS = 0910 - ...SEARCH AOUARIUS - SEARCH MODE - BEGIN YOUR QUERY AFTER THE STATEMENT NUMBER 0O006_ 5 AND (SYMPOSIUM OR SYMPOSIA OR CONFERENCE) 5 1 SAME (2 OR 3) AND 4 58 OCCURRENCES 58 DOCUMENTS SYMPOSIUM 22755 OCCURRENCES 14106 DOCUMENTS SYMPOSIA 81 OCCURRENCES 72 DOCUMENTS CONFERENCE 50139 OCCURRENCES 31390 DOCUMENTS RESULT , 32 OCCURRENCE 32 DOCUMENTS 00007- ..SORT 6 RN D R2911í SORT COMPLETED. SHIFT/ENTER TO GO TO BROWSE OR ENTER A COMMAND._ AQUARIUS - BROWSE MODE - ENTER PRINT SPECIFICATIONS - OR: ALL -'TOTAL DOCUMENT» A - ALL PARAGRAPHS ? B - ALL FIELDS r OR C OR EXPLAIN _ ALL INI000373755 DOCUMENT' 1 OF 32 NUMBER OF LINES 57 CAT = C42 RN = 373755 VVSS = 0910 YEAR = 1977 CTRY XA TYPL B AMS LITI K LANG ENGLISH SUBC C42 C41 AUTH ZITELL.I- G.f VALLEGA t V. (EXPERIMENTAL INSTITUTE FOR CEREAL RESEARCH* ROME- ITALY). CORP FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS- ROME (ITALY)T INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCYr VIENNA (AUSTRIA)? SWEDISH INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY (SIDA), STOCKHOLM. TITL STRATEGIES TO BE USED IN THE STRUGGLE BETWEEN RESISTANCE AND VIRULENCE GENES. MTTL INDUCED MUTATIONS AGAINST PLANT DISEASES. PROCEEDINGS OF A SYMPOSIUM ON THE USE OF INDUCED MUTATIONS FOR IMPROVING DISEASE RESISTANCE IN CROP PLANTS JOINTLY ORGANIZED BY THE FAO AND THE IAEA WITH THE CO-OPERATION OF THE SIDA AND HELD IN VIENNAi 31 JANUARY - A FEBRUARY 1977. SERI PROCEEDINGS SERIES. CONF SYMPOSIUM ON THE USE OF INDUCED MUTATIONS FOR IMPROVING DISEASE RESISTANCE IN CROP PLANTS. VIENNA- AUSTRIA, 31 JAN - 4 FEB 1977. IMPR VIENNA. IAEA. 1977. REPN IAEA-SM—214/59. ISSN ISBN 92-0-010277-B. CLLT P. 97-107. ABST THE CULTIVATION OF WHEAT VARIETIES RESISTANT TO DISEASES SUCH AS STEM AND LEAF RUSTSr MILDEW AND SEPTORIA PLAYS AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN MODERN AGRICULTURE. HOWEVER- THE PROBLEM OF HOW TO KEEP VARIETIES RESISTANT FOR A LONG PERIOD HAS NOT YET BEEN SOLVED. WHATEVER TYPE OF RESISTANCE (SPECIFIC- NON-SPECIFIC- TOLERANCE ETC.) THE BREEDER CHOOSES TO USE IN HIS BREEDING WORK» THE RESISTANCE STABILITY WILL DEPEND VERY MUCH ON THE STRATEGY USED. THERE ARE MANY DIFFERENT 109 APPROACHES: TO INTRODUCE SINGLE SPECIFIC FACTORS INTO THE CULTIVATED VARIETIES? (CAD) BIOLOGICAL VARIABILITY ? CEREALS? GRAM.TNEAE. PLANTS, END OF DOCUMENT 00007. 6 NOT (AGAINST ADJ PLANT AIU DISEASES) .MTTL. 6 5 AND (SYMPOSIUM OR SYMP 32 OCCURRENCES 32 DOCUMENTS AGAINST 357? OCCURRENCES 3144 DOCUMENTS PLANT 16281 OCCURRENCES 9339 DOCUMENTS DISEASES 12220 OCCURRENCES 7423 DOCUMENTS RESULT 3 OCCURRENCE 3 DOCUMENTS 0O0OB_ .BROWSE 7 MTTL .CONF » CORP INI000286901 DOCUMENT» 1 OF NUMBER OF LINES = 13 CORP DEPARTMENT OF ATOMIC ENERGY. BOMBAY (INDIA). FOOD AND AGRICULTURE COMMITTEE. MTTL USE OF RADIATIONS AND RADIOISOTOPES IN STUDIES OF PLANT PRODUCTIVITY . PROCEEDINGS OF A SYMPOSIUM HELD AT G.B. PANT UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY» PANTNAGAR. APRIL 12-14. 1974. CONF SYMPOSIUM ON USE OF RADIATIONS AND RADIOISOTOPES IN STUDIES OF PLANT PRODUCTIVITY. PANTNAGAR? INDIA. 12 APR 1974. END OF DOCUMENT _ D0C=2.3 INI000286931 DOCUMENT» 2 OF 3 NUMBER OF LINES = 11 CORP DEPARTMENT OF ATOMIC ENERGY. BOMBAY IN.I000347046 DOCUMENT= 3 OF 3 NUMBER OF LINES = 4 R0602 * NO REQUESTED FIELD OR PARAGRAPH EXISTS FOR THIS DOCUMENT. R0Ó01 * END OF DOCUMENTS IN LIST - ENTER RETURN OR ANOTHER COMMAND. _ NEUSPKC AHUARIUS - BROWSE MODE - RETURN TO CONTINUE. OR ENTER ALL. A. B. PRINT-SPECS. EXPLAIN. OR A DOC-REQUEST._ ALL 110 INT000347046 DOCUMENT- 3-OF 3 NUMBER OF LINES = 32 CAT = C41 RN = 347046 VVSS = 0824 YEAR = 1977 CTRY XA TYPL J AS LANG ENGLISH SUBC C41 C42 AUTH MICKEr A. (INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY» VIENNA (AUSTRIA). JOINT FAO/IAEA DIV. OF ATOMIC ENERGY IN FOOD AND AGRICULTURE). TITL THE USE OF INDUCED MUTATIONS FOR IMPROVING DISEASE RESISTANCE IN CROP PLANTS. ' REPORT ON THE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM HELD IN VIENNA FROM 31 JANUARY TO 4 FEBRUARY 1977. JRNL AT, ENERGY REV. TMPR (1977). ÇLLT V. 15(3) P. 509-522. APST A REVIEU OF THE 52 PAPERS AND OF THE DISCUSSIONS OF THE SYMPOSIUM IS PRESENTED. THE FOLLOWING TOPICS ARE DISCUSSED* GERM-PLASM SOURCES FOR IMPROVING DISEASE RESISTANCE IN CROP PLANTS5 HOST/PATHOGEN INTERACTIONS? CONCEPTS OF BREEDING FOR RESISTANCE? INDUCED MUTATIONS FOR RESISTANCE IN CROP PLANTS (RICEr FRUITS ? VEGETABLESr BARLEY, WHEAT)f METHODOLOGY OF MUTATION BREEDING FOR DISEASE RESISTANCE? CYTOGENETICS AND DISEASE RESISTANCE. PRACTICAL USEFUL RESULTS ARE REPORTED FOR THE CROP PLANT SPECIES. DESC (IAD) BARLEY? CROPS? DISEASE RESISTANCE? FRUITS? GENES? GENOTYPE?' HOST ? MEETINGS ? MUTATIONS ? PLANT BREEDING? RICE? VEGETABLES? WHEAT. (CAD) CEREALS ? FOOD? GRAMINEAE? PLANTS. R0601 * END OF DOCUMENTS IN LIST - ENTER RETURN OR ANOTHER COMMAND. The following conferences are relevant: Symposium on the use of induced mutations for improving disease resistance in crop plants. Vienna, Austria. 31 Jan - 4 Feh 1977 Symposium on use of radiation and radioisotopes in studies of plant productivity. Pantnagar, India. 12-14 Apr 1974 111 2-A.7.2 Appendix Document Retrieval. Sample Searches INIS Query 1 - Percentage of Japanese amongst international patents involving electron beam welding. Patent numbers and titles of the Japanese patents? R01.02 ENTER DATA BASE NAME- INIS R0201 ENTER ONE OF THE FOLLOWING COMMANDS! .,BROWSE ..SEARCH ..SELECT ..EXEC ..RANK ..HELP ..CHANGE ..OFF .. . . SEARCH AQUARIUS - SEARCH MODE - BEGIN YOUR QUERY AFTER THE STATEMENT NUMBER 0000.1- ELECTRON WITH WELDING AND P. 015. ELECTRON AÄ331 OCCURRENCES 34187 DOCUMENTS WELDING 4311 OCCURRENCES 1316 DOCUMENTS P 107962 OCCURRENCES 87056 DOCUMENTS RESULT * 17 OCCURRENCE •17 DOCUMENTS 00002_ 1 AND JP.CTRY. 1 ELECTRON WITH WELDING AN 17 OCCURRENCES 17 DOCUMENTS JP 9299 OCCURRENCES 9299 DOCUMENTS RESULT 5 OCCURRENCE 5 DOCUMENTS 0.0003- ..BROWSE 2 TITL-REPN INI000237462 DOCUMENT= 1 OF 5 NUMBER OF LINES = TITL ELECTRON BEAM MACHINING APPARATUS. REPN JAPANESE PATENT DOCUMENT 1973-24478/B/. END OF DOCUMENT _. D0C=2r5 INI000244713 DOCUMENT= 2 OF NUMBER OF LINES TITL ELECTRON BEAM WELDING METHOD. REPN JAPANESE PATENT DOCUMENT 1974-42576/B/. INI000242472 DOCUMENT= 3 OF 5 NUMBER OF LINES = 3 TT.TL BUTT WELDING BY CHARGED PARTICLE BEAMS AND APPARATUS THEREFOR. REPN JAPANESE PATENT DOCUMENT 1973-41819/B/. INT000242476 DOCUMENT» 4 OF 5 NUMBER OF LINES = 4 TITL METHOD FOR ELECTRON BEAM WELDING AND DRAWING OF A TUBE. AND APPARATUS THEREFOR. REPN JAPANESE PATENT DOCUMENT 1974-3376/B/. INI000242746 DOCUMENT» 5 OF 5 NUMBER OF LINES = 5 TITL CHARGED CORPUSCULAR BEAM DETECTOR. REPN JAPANFSE PATENT DOCUMENT 1973-2705B/B/. R0601 * END OF DOCUMENTS IN LIST - ENTER RETURN OR ANOTHER COMMAND. Japanese patents amounted to 5/l7» i.e. 29.4$ of the total number published on the subject. 112 Query 2 - Report literature from 1977 onwards on radioactive waste disposal in France. (Report numbers and year of publication sufficient). AQUARIUS - SEARCH MODE - BEGIN YOUR QUERY AFTER THE STATEMENT NUMBER 00001- RADIOACTIVE RESULT 3S005 OCCURRENCE 16939 DOCUMENTS 00002- 1 ADJ (UASTE$1 OR EFFLUENTS1 OR GAS OR GASES OR SM0KE*1 OR AER0S0L$1 OR PLUME*1) RESULT 14910 OCCURRENCE 6629 DOCUMENTS 00003- DISP0SÍ2 OR BURIAL OR DEPOSITS OR STORAGE OR E51.SUBC. RESULT 2S732 OCCURRENCE 11354 DOCUMENTS 00004- 2 AND 3 RESULT 4135 OCCURRENCE 4135 DOCUMENTS Q0005- 4 AND (FRENCH OR FRANCE).ABST,TITL>DESC. RESULT 101 OCCURRENCE 101 DOCUMENTS Q0006- 5 AND R.TYPL. RESULT 31 OCCURRENCE 31 DOCUMENTS Q0007- ..SELECT AQUARIUS - SELECT MODE - ENTER EXTENT AND CRITERIA AFTER THE STATEMENT NUMBER OR ENTER EXPLAIN 00007- 6 YEAR > 1976 I251Ó NUMBER OF SELECTED DOCUMENTS - 000012 . .SORT RN D R2911 SORT COMPLETED*. SHIFT/ENTER TO GO TO BROWSE OR ENTER A COMMAND. _ _ ..BROWSE 7 F=YEAR»REPN INI000303808 DOCUMENT3 1 OF 12 NUMBER OF LINES YEAR = 1977 REPN IAEA-CN—36/226 « END OF DOCUMENT _ D0C=2rl2 IN1000303827 DOCUMENT- 2 OF 12 NUMBER OF LINES YEAR = 1977 RËPN IAEA-CN—36/231. INI000324705 DOCUMENT^ 3 OF 12 NUMBER OF LINES YEAR . = 1977 REPN CEA-R—4822, INI000362869 DOCUMENT- 4 OF 12 NUMBER OF LINES YEAR = 1977 REPN KBS-TR—08. ÏNI000363659 DOCUMENT^ 5 OF 12 NUMBER OF LINES YEAR = 1977 .REPN KBS-TR—24. INI0003Ó36Ó6 DOCUMENT- 6 OF 12 NUMBER OF L'NES YEAR = 1977 REPN KBS-TR—16. INI00036509Ö DOCUMENT* 7 OF 12 NUMBER OF LINES = YEAR = 1977 REPN NP—22631/10. INI000368370 DOCUMENT** 8 OF 12 NUMBER OF LINES = YEAR = 1977 REPN KFK-TR—541, 3 INI000371203 DOCUMENT 9 OF 12 NUMBER OF LINES = YEAR = 1977 REPN Y/OUII/TM—28. 113 INT.000303808 DOCUMENT' 10 OF 12 NUMBER OF LINES = YEAR ..= 1977 REPN IAEA-CN—36/226. INT0003035G7 DOCUMENT' 11 OF 12 NUMBER OF LINES = YEAR - 1977 REPN IAEA-CN—36/238. INI000303240 DOCUMENT' 12 OF 12 NUMBER OF LINES YEAR = 1977 REPN IAEA-CN—36/248. Query 3 — A paper by MeyrC?) [spelling uncertain] concerned with fast breeder safety analysis. AQUARIUS - SEARCH MODE - BEGIN YOUR QUERY AFTER THE STATEMENT NUMBER 00001.. FAST ADJ BREEDERS^ OR FBR ADJ TYPE RESULT 7800 OCCURRENCE 5916 DOCUMENTS 00002- SAFETY RESULT 23271 OCCURRENCE 10251 DOCUMENTS 00003- (MEIER* OR MAIER* OR MEYER* OR MAYER* OR MEIR* OR MAIR* OR MEYR* OR MAYR*).AUTH. RESULT 1335 OCCURRENCE 1319 DOCUMENTS 00004- 1 SAME 2 AND 3 RESULT 12 OCCURRENCE 12 DOCUMENTS Q0005- ..BROWSE 4 F=(VVSS»YEAR)»AUTH»TITL INI000168780 DOCUMENT' 1 OF 12 NUMBER OF LINES = 11 VVSS = 0605 YEAR = 1974 AUTH ANGERER » G.? EISEMANN» E.r FISCHER » E.A.Î JACOBS- H.» KUESTERS» H.f MAYER » L.f SCHMUCK- P.î THIEM » D. (KERNFORSCHUNGSZENTRUM » KARLSRUHE r GER.). TITL CRITICAL DISCUSSION OF SOME IMPORTANT TOPICS IN FAST REACTOR SAFETY ANALYSIS. LMFBR. END OF DOCUMENT _ D0C=2-12 INI000168782 DOCUMENT' 2 OF 12 NUMBER OF LINES = VVSS = 0605 YEAR = 1974 AUTH ANTONAKAS- D. (CEA, CADARCHE» FRANCE > » FORTUNATO r M.»(MEYER HFT NE r Ajt FRANCOIS > P. TITL SOME PROBLEMS CONCERNING FAST REACTOR SAFETY. LMFBR « INI000168895 DOCUMENT' 3 OF NUMBER OF LINES VVSS = 0605 YEAR = 1974 AUTH WOLFE• B.» HIKIDO- K.5 MEYERS r R. (GENERAL ELECTRIC CO.» SUNNYVALE- CA). TITL SELECTION OF SAFETY DESIGN BASES FOR FAST POWER REACTORS? ANOTHER CATCH 22. INI000218297 DOCUMENT' 4 OF 12 NUMBER OF LINES = 14 VVSS = 0624 YEAR = 1975 AUTH LE MARECHAL» T. » LUCENET» G. (SOCIETE CFNTRAI E NIJCI EATRF EUROPEENNE A NEUTRONS RAPIDES (NERSA)» 69 - LYON (FRANCE))t¿MEYER-HEINE> A.^ (CEA CENTRE D'ETUDES NUCLEAIRES DE CADARACHF» 13 - " " SAINT-PAUL-LES-DURANCE (FRANCE). DEPT. DES REACTEURS A NEUTRONS RAPIDES)» CHALOT» A.î MALAVAL» C, (SOCIETE TECHNIQUE POUR L'ENERGIE ATOMIQUE (TECHNICATOME)• CENTRE D'ETUDES NUCLEAIRES DE SACLAY» 91 - GIF-SUR-YVETTE (FRANCE)). 114 TITL CREYS-MALVILLE PLANT! SAFETY PROBLEMS CONCERNING BESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION. PROBLEMES DE SURETE POSES PAR LA CONCEPTION ET LA REALISATION BE LA CENTRALE DE CREY-MALVILLE. INI000204785 DOCUMENT» 5 OF 12 NUMBER OF LINES = 7 WSS = 061? YEAR = 1975 AUTH LE MARECHAL » T.í LUCENET. G.. MEYER-HEINE» A.? CHALOTr fil.i MALAVAL. C. TITL CREYS-MALVILLE PLANTî SAFETY PROBLEMS CONCERNING DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION. INI000233991 DOCUMENT» 6 OF 12 NUMBER OF LINES = 7 WSS = 0707 YEAR = 1975 AUTH MAYER. H. i SPENKE> H, (INTERNATIONALE ATOMREAKTORBAU G.M.B.H. (INTERATOM) . BENSBERG/KOELN (F.R. GERMANY)). TITL FUFI ELEMENT LAYOUT IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE REQUIREMENTS OF THE SNR SYSTEM. INI000279289 DOCUMENT» 7 OF 12 NUMBER OF LINES = 7 WSS = 0724 YEAR = 1975 AUTH MAYER » H. (INTERNATIONALE ATOMREAKTORBAU G.M.B.H. (INTERATOM). BENSBERG/KOELN (F.R. GERMANY)). TITL STATUS OF THE PROJECT SNR-FUEL ELEMENTS. PROJEKTSTAND SNR-BRENNELEMENTE. INI0002813B8 DOCUMENT» 8 OF 12 NUMBER OF LINES = 8 WSS = 0801 YEAR =1976 AUTH SPEIS. T.P.Î ALLEN.CL. f ALCOUFFE. R.E. . DENISE. R.P. ? MEYER. J.F. (NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION. WASHINGTON. B.C. (USA)); KASTENBERG. W.E.f THEOFANOUS. T.G. TITL STUDIES OF CORE DISRUPTIVE ACCIDENTS AND LICENSING ASPECTS OF FAST BREEDER REACTORS. INI000283855 DOCUMENT» 9 OF 12 NUMBER OF LINES = -7 WSS = 0802 YEAR = AUTH LEMARECHAL. T.f LUCENET. G.J MEYER-HEINE. A.f CHALOT. A.i MALAVAL. C. TITL CREYS-MALUILLE POWER PLANT. SAFETY PROBLEMS CREATED BY THE DESIGN AND THE CONSTRUCTION. INI000321755 DOCUMENT» 10 OF 12 NUMBER OF LINES = 6 WSS = 0815 YEAR = 1976 AUTH BARI. R.A. (BROOKHAVEN NATIONAL LAB.. UPTON. NY)f MEYER. J.F. TITL FUEL- AND CLAD-MOTION DIAGNOSTICS: LICENSING NEEDS. LMFBR. . INI000362882 DOCUMENT» 11 OF 12 NUMBER OF LINES = 8 WSS = 0906 YEAR - 1976 AUTH CALUZON. P.P. (CENTRE D'ETUDES NUCLEAIRES DE CADARACHE. SAINT-PAUL-LEX-DURANCE. FRANCE)t COULON. P.? MEYER-HEINE. ; A,. PENET. F. TITL SAFETY CONCLUSIONS FROM START-UP TESTS AND FROM THE ANALYSIS OF THE CORE BEHAVIOUR OF PHENIX. INI000379282 DOCUMENT» 12 OF 12 NUMBER OF LINES = ? WSS = 0912 YEAR = 1976 AUTH MEYER-HEINE. A. (COMMISSARIAT A L'ENERGIE ATOMIQUE. CADARACHE. FRANCE). PENET. F.? CHALOT. A. TITL SAFETY ANALYSIS OF THE FAST BREEDER REACTOR CONFINEMENT MAIN PROBLEMS: APPLICATION TO SUPER PHENIX. R0601 * END OF DOCUMENTS IN LIST - ENTER RETURN OR ANOTHER COMMAND. 115 Work "by the following authors appears to he of potential interest: H. Mayer L. Mayer J.P. Meyer A. Mayer—Heine R. Meyers Comment; The user needs to determine which of the titles represent work by the author he had in mind, since the information available to the intermediary performing the search is insufficient to permit a final selection. Query 4 - Legal and other aspects of nuclear vessels in home or foreign posts. Recent publications on R0102 ENTER DATA BASE NAME- IN78 RÖ201 ENTER ONE OF THE FOLLOWING COMMANDS î ..BROWSE ..SEARCH ..SELECT ..EXEC ..RANK ..HELP ..CHANGE ..OFF _ ..EXEC MHBD AQUARIUS - SEARCH MODE 00001 NUCLEAR ADJ (SHIP$1 OR SHIPPING OR SUBMARINE*!) NUCLEAR 42509 OCCURRENCES 17074 DOCUMENTS SHIP*01 279 OCCURRENCES SHIP 107 OCCURRENCES 68 DOCUMENTS SHIPP 1 OCCURRENCE 1 DOCUMENT SHIPS 171 OCCURRENCES 66 DOCUMENTS SHIPPING 160 OCCURRENCES 91 DOCUMENTS SUBMARINED! 16 OCCURRENCES SUBMARINE 9 OCCURRENCES 7 DOCUMENTS SUBMARINES 7 OCCURRENCES 5 DOCUMENTS RESULT 72 OCCURRENCE 49 DOCUMENTS AQUARIUS - SEARCH MODE 00002 HARB0R*1 OR HARBOUr > i OR P0RT*1 HARB0R*01 27 OCCURRENCES HARBOR 14 OCCURRENCES 12 DOCUMENTS HARBORD 2 OCCURRENCES DOCUMENTS HARBORS 11 OCCURRENCES 11 DOCUMENTS HARBOUR*01 16 OCCURRENCES HARBOUR 13 OCCURRENCES 7 DOCUMENTS HARBOURS 3 OCCURRENCES 1 DOCUMENT FORTSOl 151 OCCURRENCES PORT 61 OCCURRENCES 46 DOCUMENTS PORTE 2 OCCURRENCES 2 DOCUMENTS PDRTH 4 OCCURRENCES 4 DOCUMENTS PORTO 39 OCCURRENCES 38 DOCUMENTS PORTS 45 OCCURRENCES 35 DOCUMENTS RESULT 194 OCCURRENCE 143 DOCUMENTS AQUARIUS - SEARCH MODE 00003 1 SAME 2 1 NUCLEAR ADJ (SHIP*! OR S 72 OCCURRENCES 49 DOCUMENTS 2 [ HARBOR*! OR HARBOUR*! OR 194 OCCURRENCES 143 DOCUMENTS RESULT 7 OCCURRENCE 6 DOCUMENTS _ ..BROWSE 3 F=(VVSS»RN)> TITL. ABST» JRNI..rCORP»CONF,CLL T rIMPR r RE PN _ . .PRINT ALL 11007 DOCUMENTS HAVE BEEN SAVED FOR PRINTING - RETURN TD CONTINUE 116 DATA BASE IN78, 9/1-19 PACE 1 SEARCH -• QUERY 00003 1 SAME 2 DOCUMENT NUMBER = INI0003S7511 RN = 3575X1 VVSS = 0904 CORP Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, B.C. (USA). Orrice or Radiation Programs. TITL Radiological survey of Pupet Sound Naval Shipyard Eremerton, Washington, and environs. IMPR Feb 1977. REPN EPA—520/5-77-001. CLLT 21 p. ABST As a result of the survey of the Puget Sound Naval Shipyard, it was concluded that the procedures utilized by the Navy to control the release of radioactive material into the Bremerton Harbor from PSNS are apparently effective. Levels measured are close to the detection limit for the most sensitive analytical equipment. This indicates that nuclear operations at the Puget Sound Naval Shipyard are not contributing a significant radiation exposure to the public. DOCUMENT NUMBER = INI000360548 RN = 36054e Vl/SS = 0905 TITL Investigation of the environmental radioactivity arcund the mooring po r t. JRNL Genshiryokusen. IMPR (Apr 19761. CLLT (no.136) p. 3412-3423. ABST Here are the main data for. radioactivity examination performed in 1975 at Mutsu port, the mooring port of atomic energy vessel "Mutsu*'. No abnormality were observed in space T ray dose ratio, and integrated doses measured by the thermofluorescence dosimeter at three mon i tor ing_posts In the port (G M tube) and three monitoring station in Mutsu City. A serial measurement of radioactivity concentration in sea water did not show any abnormality, either. Samples were taken from the surface soil of the ground, the bottom of the rivers, river hater, drinking water, ar-d milk and measured the total radioactivity by a cas flow counter. The measurement of the total 0-radi oac t i v i 1and radio nuclides analysis were carried out in sea water, the seil from the bottom of the sea and sea products. Abnormality considered to be caused by ' •Mut su'• 'did not observed at all. (Kobatake, H. ). DOCUMENT NUMBER = INI000366002 RN = 366002 VVSS = 0907 CORP International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna (Austria), TITL Nuclear merchant ship propulsion. CONF International conference on nuclear power and its fuel cycle. Salzburg, Austria. 2-13 May 1977. IMPR Vienna. IAEA. 1977. REPN IAEA-CN—36/93. CLLT v. 1 p. 683-692. ABST The operation of about' 300 nuclear navel vessels has proven the feasibility of nucle'ar ship propulsion. UntM now only six 117 DATA BASE IN78, 9/1-19 PAGE 2 SEARCH - QUERY 00003 1 SAME 2.... CONT'D non-military ships have been built or are under censtruction. The operation and expérience with the NS OTTC HAHN, which is of value for future large-scale use of nuclear merchant ship propulsion, is discussed. In many countries studies and plans are being made for further nuclear merchant ships. The types of vessels investigated are large containershîps, tankers and specialized ships like icebreakers or ice-breaking ships. The future oí nuclear merchant ship propulsion depends on three interrelated i terra: nuclear ship technology; economy of nuclear ship propulslcn; and legal questions. Nuclear merchant ship technology has been based until now on standard 3hip technology and light water reactor technology. i* DOCUMENT NUMBER = INI000373882 RN = 373e83 VVSS = 0910 CORP New Zealand Atomic Energy Committee, Lower Hütt. TITL New Zealand code for nuclear powered shipping. IMPR Jun 1976. REPN AEC—500. CLLT 54 p. ABST This report recommends guidelines for the safety precautions and procedures to be implemented when New Zealand ports and approaches ere used by nuclear powered merchant ships and nuclear powered naval ships. DOCUMENT NUMBER = INI000374483 RN = 374483 VVSS = 0910 TITL Question of right to stay of nuclear-powered vessels in foreign ports. JRNL Tech. Gospod. Morsk. IMPR (1976). CLLT v. 26(5) p. 285-287. ABST Question of right to stay of nuclear-powered vessels in foreign ports is considered in the light of London Convention on Safety of Life at Sea, Brussels Convention on Liability for Operation of Nuclear Ships and bilateral agreements. (Z.M.). DOCUMENT NUMBER = INI000386701 RN = 386701 VVSS = 0914 TITL Navy lifts veil on PUR research. JRNL Nature (London). IMPR (2 Mar 1978). 118 DATA BASE IN7S, 9/1-19 PAGE SEARCH - QUERY 00003 1 SAME 2.... CONT'D CLLT w. 272(564e ) D. 4-5. ABST The author describes the exper ience of Rolls Roy ce in develop!ng nuclear rea ctors for the Navy, Reference is mad e to the co mm i s s i on i no of HMS Sceptre i n February 1978, ï ritain's 14th nuclear sub narine. This event coincided with a decisicn to lift the veil so roewhat on a Researc h and Development programme that has remained se cret for nearly 20 years. Factors th at have inhibited progress in this field are men tloned. One of th ese factors has been the hi gh cost of marine n uclear propulsion systems, tending to limit inter est to very large v easels cr some spe cial purpose craft, Another fa ctor has been slown ess to develop uni versally acceptable safety cr it eria, to allow for free and ready acc ess of nuclear vessels to ports. A third fac tor has been the • ilitary origins of much of the development work, A new factor that has arisen recently is the deve lopment of the West inghouse PUR (près aurised water reactor) fo r marine use in the UK. This has inv clved collaboration with the US Westinghouse Elect ric Corporation, Rol Is Royce and Associates were chosen to mana ge this work., uhic his here descr i bed, including the first PUR to be designe d crd built in Britain and incorporated Into a submar ine ( HMS V ulcan). Much of the design work of the reactor core has been concerned with development and inereas en refuellings. ing the endurance o f the vessel betue Another asp sts of this work ect was less noise and vibration. Co are stated. d. (U.K. ). and new test facil ities are describe Query 5 — Reviews and bibliographies on radioimmunoassay. AQUARIUS - SEARCH MODE - BEGIN YOUR QUERY AFTER THE STATEMENT NUMBER 00001- RADIOIMMUNOASSAY RESULT 3217 OCCURRENCE 1139 DOCUMENTS Q0002- 1 WITH REVIEW*2 RESULT 24 OCCURRENCE 20 DOCUMENTS 00003- 1 SAME (REVIEWS OR BIBLIOGRAPHIES) RESULT 21 OCCURRENCE 18 DOCUMENTS 00004- 1 AND Z.LITI. RESULT 3 OCCURRENCE 3 DOCUMENTS Q0005- 2 OR 3 OR 4 RESULT 22 OCCURRENCE 22 DOCUMENTS 00006. ..BROWSE 5 F=RNrTITL J .•SORT F=RN D INI000376181 DOCUMENT» 1 OF NUMBER OF LINES RN =376181 TITL INTRODUCTION TO RADIOIMMUNOASSAY. END OF DOCUMENTS _ BOC=2»10 INI000357709 DOCUMENT» 2 OF 22 NUMBER OF LINES = RN = 357709 TITL RADIORECEPTOR ASSAYS ! PLASMA MEMBRANE RECEPTORS AND ASSAYS FOR POLYPEPTIDE AND GLYCOPROTEIN HORMONES. INI000357693 DOCUMENT» 3 OF 22 NUMBER OF LINES 3 RN = 357693 TITL RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN STEROID RADIOIMMUNOASSAYS. INI000357689 DOCUMENT» 4 OF 22 •NUMBER OF LINES = 3 RN = 357689 TITL THE MEASUREMENT OF HUMAN GONADOTROPHINS BY RADIOIMMUNOASSAY• INI000332571 DOCUMENT» 5 OF NUMBER OF LINES RN =332571 TITL RADIOIMMUNOASSAY DOSAGES. 119 INI000330557 DOCUMENT3 6 OF 22 NUMBER OF LINES = 3 RN 330557 TITL RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN RADIOIMMUNOASSAY. INI000327485 DOCUMENT3 7 .OF 22 NUMBER OF LINES = 3 RN = 327485 TITL SAMPLE PREPARATION PROCEDURES FOR LIQUID SCINTILLATION COUNTING. INI000299018 DOCUMENT3 8 OF 22 NUMBER OF LINES 3 4 RN = 299018 TITL RADIOIMMUNOASSAY STUDIES INI000296423 DOCUMENT3 9 OF 22 NUMBER OF LINES = 4 RN 3 296423 TITL PRESENT STATUS AND FUTURE POSSIBILITIES OF RADIOIMMUNOASSAY IN ANIMAL PRODUCTION. INI000260284 DOCUMENT3 10 OF 22 NUMBER OF LINES = 5 RN 3 260284 TITL h METHOD FOR ARRANGEMENT OF RADIOIMMUNOASSAY. 120 2-A.7-3 Appendix Document Retrieval. Sample Searches AGRIS Query 1 - Methods and equipment used in trickle or drip irrigation systems ..SEARCH AQUARIUS - SEARCH MODE - BEGIN YOUR QUERY AFTER THE STATEMENT NUMBER OOOOl- P12.SUBC. AND (TRICKLE* OR DRIP OR DROP) P12 3706 OCCURRENCES 3706 DOCUMENTS TRICKLE* 104 OCCURRENCES TRICKLE 100 OCCURRENCES 100 DOCUMENTS TRICKLE-IRRIGATED 1 OCCURRENCE 1 DOCUMENT TRICKLER 1 OCCURRENCE 1 DOCUMENT . TRICKLERS 1 OCCURRENCE 1 DOCUMENT TRICKLES 1 OCCURRENCE 1 DOCUMENT DRIP 141 OCCURRENCES 129 DOCUMENTS DROP 118 OCCURRENCES 116 DOCUMENTS RESULT 223 OCCURRENCE 223 DOCUMENTS 00002- .•BROWSE 1 A AGR000005406 DOCUMENT3 1 OF 223 NUMBER OF LINES = 17 CTRY JA TYPL J /AS LITI E LANG JA SUBC P12 AUTH CHO, T.? TAKEUCHI» Y.$ YAMAMOTO» T. (TQTTORI UNIV. (JAPAN). FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE). TITL TRICKLE IRRIGATION OF NETTED MELON IN A SAND DUNE FIELD. JRNL BULLETIN DF SAND DUNE RESEARCH INSTITUTE - TOTTORI UNIVERSITY (JAPAN). IMPR (MAR 1974). NOTE ILLUS.? 9 REF.? SUMMARY (EN). CLLT (NO.13) P. 1-6. CODE 0810. END OF DOCUMENT AGR000024920 DOCUMENT3 2 OF 223 NUMBER OF LINES = 14 CTRY EY TYPL J /AS I AN 1 FR SUBC P12 AUTH ANON. TITL (LOCALISATED IRRIGATION ! TRICKLE IRRIGATION). IRRIGATION LOCALISEE : LE GOUTTE A GOUTTE. JRNL VOIX DES CULTURES. FRUITS, LEGUMES r TABACS (FRANCE). IMPR (JAN 1975). ISSN ISSN 0042-8361. CLLT (NO.335) P. 16-20. Query 2 - Literature on the brown planthopper . .SEARCH AQUARIUS - SEARCH MODE - BEGIN YOUR QUERY AFTER THE STATEMENT NUMBER 00002- BROWN ADJ PLANTHOPPER* OR BROWN ADJ PLANT ADJ HOPPER* OR NILAPARVATA ADJ LUGENS BROWN 1830 OCCURRENCES 1764 DOCUMENTS PLANTHOPPER* 220 OCCURRENCES PLANTHOPPER 193 OCCURRENCES 151 DOCUMENTS 121 PLANTHOPPERS 27 OCCURRENCES , 25 DOCUMENTS BROWN 1830 OCCURRENCES 1764 DOCUMENTS PLANT 21767 OCCURRENCES 19023 DOCUMENTS HOPPER* 76 OCCURRENCES HOPPER 61 OCCURRENCES 57 DOCUMENTS HOPPER—A • 1 OCCURRENCE 1 DOCUMENT HOPPERS 14 OCCURRENCES 13 DOCUMENTS NILAPARVATA 81 OCCURRENCES 81 DOCUMENTS LUGENS 81 OCCURRENCES 81 DOCUMENTS RESULT 243 OCCURRENCE 13B DOCUMENTS 00003- ..BROWSE 2 AUTH FTITLrCORP»JRNL i IMPR»CLLT AGR000004033 DOCUMENT» 1 OF 138 NUMBER OF LINES = 10 AUTH NAGATA» T.î MORIYA» S. (KYUSHU NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION» CHIKUGO» FUKUOKA (JAPAN))« TITL RESISTANCE IN THE BROWN PLANTHOPPER» NILAPARVATA LUGENS STAL» TO LINDANE. JRNL JAPANESE JOURNAL OF APPLIED ENTOMOLOGY AND ZOOLOGY (JAPAN). IMPR (JUN 1974). CI.LT V. 18(2) P. 73-80. END OF DOCUMENT Query 3 Works by the author M. Takeda on insect pests of plants _ ..SEARCH AQUARIUS - SEARCH MODE - BEGIN YOUR QUERY AFTER THE STATEMENT NUMBER 00003- TAKEDA ADJ M AND H10.SUBC. TAKEDA 386 OCCURRENCES 317 DOCUMENTS M 95525 OCCURRENCES 82598 DOCUMENTS H10 16260 OCCURRENCES 16255 DOCUMENTS RESULT 2 OCCURRENCE 2 DOCUMENTS 00004- ..BROWSE 3 ALL AGR000004061 DOCUMENT» 1 OF 2 NUMBER OF LINES = 19 : CAT = H10 RN =004061 VVSS = 0102 YEAR , = 1974 CTRY JA TYPL J /AS LITI E LANG JA SUBC H10 AUTH TAKEDA» M. (KYOTO UNIV. (JAPAN). COLL. OF AGRICULTURE). TITL MATING BEHAVIOR OF THE BROWN PLANTHOPPER» NILAPARVATA LUGENS STAL. JRNL JAPANESE JOURNAL OF APPLIED ENTOMOLOGY AND ZOOLOGY (JAPAN). IMPR (JUN 1974). ISSN ISSN 0021-4914. NOTE ILLUS.» 13 REF.» SUMMARY (EN)» RECEIVED FOR PUBLICATION 3 SEP 1973. CLLT V. 18(2) P. 43-51. END OF DOCUMENT Query 4 - Literature on agricultural history in the United States _ ..SEARCH AQUARIUS - SEARCH MODE - BEGIN YOUR QUERY AFTER THE STATEMENT NUMBER 00004- B50.SUBC. AND G430.C0DE. B50 1025 OCCURRENCES 1025 DOCUMENTS G430 6020 OCCURRENCES 6020 DOCUMENTS RESULT 114 OCCURRENCE 114 DOCUMENTS 122 Q0005_ ..SORT R2900 AQUARIUS - SORT MODE - ENTER PARAMETERS OR RETURN FOR SORT FIELD NAMES. FORMAT! (N»> FF-NAME ( » ' A' OR 'D') 0= OPTIONAL PARAMETER.- YEAR D R2911 SORT COMPLETED « SHIFT/ENTER TO GO TO BROUSE OR ENTER A COMMAND.- AQUARIUS - BROUSE MODE - RETURN TO CONTINUE* OR ENTER ALL» Ar B» PRINT-SPECS, EXPLAIN, OR A DOC-REQUEST._ A AGR000296642 DOCUMENT= 1 OF 114 NUMBER OF LINES = 15 CTRY US TYPL J /AS LANG EN SUBC B50 AUTH FUSSELL, G.E. TITL FARMING HISTORY AND ITS FRAMEWORK (USA). JRNL AGRICULTURAL HISTORY (USA). IMPR (JAN 1978). NOTE REF. *NAL (30.98 AG8). 123 Appendix 2-A.8.I TRIM {(111 In by hand with red lilt p«n only) 001 !US7799999 002¡1/2 004!N 008ÍC42/012/Q1/J/AS 009 ! A 100! Lichtenstein, E.P. -aC6959400US); Katan, J. (2965000IL Anderegg, B.N. 200!Binding of "persistent" and "nonpersistent" *H1*H4C-La eled insecticides in an agricultural soil 620!methyl parathion, dieldrin, DDT, Dyfonate 009 ! S 2301J. Agrie. Food Chem. 320!ISSN 0021-863561 40303!(Jan - Feb 1977) 500!v. 25(1) p. 43-47 009!9 800ÎL0AM: H5, Q1, Q2, Q3, QA, Q6; DIELDRIN: M1; DDT: M2; inaaiNSECTICIDES: M6; METHYL PARATHION: M3; DYFONATE: MA; ADS = ORPTI0N; DECOMPOSITION; SOLVENT EXTRACTION; RESIDUES : Q5; CARBON 14 COMPOUNDS; TRACER TECHNIQUES 810!METHYL PARATHION; DYFONATE A-661F.B.76) INIS OCR Form (Riv.O) 124 Appendix 2-A.8.2 INIS input on magnetic tape arrives from the four corners of the world. Appendix 2-A.8.3 Paper tape as a form of input is now less frequently used. Illustrations taken from "INIS Today". 125 PART 3. AG RIS M.T. Martineiii FAO H. Schmid FAO 3. A G R I S 3.1 Input 3.1.1 Characterization of document Analogously to INIS. the description of a documentary unit for AG RIS is characterized (a) bibliographically and (b) by subject. 3.1.1(a) Bibliographic characterization of document For an analysis of the intellectual operations connected with the bibliographical characterization of documentary units in both systems, see 2.1.1(a). AG RIS rules for the description of each item are given in the AGR1S guidelines for bibliographic description (see 3.2.4); the various kinds of control data are illustrated and discussed in detail in 3.1.2. 3.1.1(b) Characterization of document by subject Access terms to the subject content of AGR1S documentary units are provided in three major groups. The prime breakdown is given by the subject categories which comprise group one. The second group of access terms describe the major agricultural commodities, whereas the last groups define main geographical classes. SUBJECT CATEGORIES AGRIS subject scope is subdivided into a number of major fields, themselves consisting of sections made up of specific categories. A document is selected for AGRIS by matching it against these subject categories. If appropriate, it will be assigned to one or more categories. If a category cannot be assigned, the document should not be entered. The first, or primary category, determines the location of the entry in AGRINDEX. Secondary categories will not contain the full entry but a cross-reference (i.e. "see also...") to the number located under the primary category. Up to three categories in total may be assigned for one documentary unit. The AGRIS manual for subject categorization is FAO/AGRIS 3 (Rev.2): Group 1 (see 3.2.2(a)). Each subject category is represented by a code consisting of a letter identifying the broad subject field, followed by 2 digits, identifying the category within the field. Every category is thus represented by a 3-characler alpha-numeric code. When filling out an AGRIS input sheet, subject category codes are entered in tag 008. Example an entry, 143067, appeared in F30 the category for "Plant Breeding" F30 - Plant breeding See also 141539, 141621, 141669, 141670, 141792, 142193. 142197, 142217, M2235, 142240, 142241, 142244, 142272, 142282, 142305. 142306, 143067 Niítsuma, Y.; Okano, H.¡ Ono, T. (Ibaraki-ken. Agricultural Experiment Station, Mito (Japan)). Survival of upland and lowland rice varieties in their mixed populations under different environments. (Ja). Japanese Journal of Breeding (Japan). (Sep 1976). v. 26(3) p. 220-228. 23 réf.; Summary (En). 127 A cross-reference to this paper is found under the secondary category F40 "Plant Ecology" F40 - Plant ecology Sec also 142213, M2325. 142419, 142547, 142609, 142746. 143067. 143164, 143594, 143627, 143690, 143697, 144411, 144478, 144507, 144551, 144969, 144970 Outline of AG RIS main subject fields(') A. Agriculture 1) general considerations on agriculture in its wide sense, including fisheries, food, forestry, and veterinary science 2) agricultural research (plans, policies, methods, administration, personnel, equipment) B. Geography and History C. Education, Extension and Advisory Work D. Administration and Legislation 1) Organization and public administration of general agriculture at local, central, national, and international levels 2) Local, national, international legislation in agriculture, fisheries, food, forestry, and veterinary science; import and export regulations; customs regulations; legislative aspects of quality control, quarantine regulations, breeder's rights, pollution control. E. Economics, Development and Rural Sociology 1) Economics at national level (macro-economics, policies, programmes); economic analysis; agricultural industry; land development; agrarian structure; economic planning; labour 2) Farm organization and management (macro-economics); farm systems, structure, ownership, tenure, administration, labour 3) Development aims, policies, programmes (population and food supply problems and programmes; development aid) 4) Rural sociology and sonography; rural populations, settlement, migrations, etc. F. Plant Production 1) General crop husbandry (propagation; plant care; growth control; horticulture and gardening; yields). Plant science. Plant meteorology and climatology. 2) Soil science (biology; chemistry and physics; classification and genesis; surveying and mapping; soil fertility; fertilizers; resources and management; cultivation; erosion and reclamation). 3) Plant breeding, ecology, structure, physiology and biochemistry, taxonomy and geography. {') The tellers below indicate the first churactcr of the particular subject category code 128 H. Protection of Plants and Stored Products 1) Pests of plants; plant diseases; miscellaneous plant disorders; weeds. 2) Protection of stored products. K. Forestry (general considerations of forestry, forest influence, research) 1) Forestry production (methods, organization; silviculture; afforestation, reforestation, deforestation; forest seed production; wood production, etc.). 2) Forest management (organization; policies, planning; labour; finance; mensuration; mapping, surveying, etc.). 3) Wood technology and industries (timber and lumber; wood conversion, etc.; pulpwood, paper and board-making; fuel wood; chemical utilization of wood; wood chemistry, cellulose, etc.; bark and other primary products; wood preservation). 4) Forest injuries and protection (general techniques; injuries caused by man, animals, chemical, physical and non-biogenîc agents: materials, equipment and methods; forest fires). L. Animal Production 1) General animal husbandry (production and care of domestic and non-aquatic animals; rearing, etc.; dairy and poultry farming; agriculture; sericulture; yields). 2) Animal science (breeding, breeds, genetics, breeding programmes; ecology: phenology, environmental biology, behaviour, habitat, climatic factors; nutrition: feeding requirements, values of feeds, feeding effects, methods, etc. 3) Feed processing, microbiology and toxicology, feed composition. 4) Animal physiology and biochemistry; taxonomy and geography; veterinary science and hygiene; pests of animals; animal diseases; miscellaneous disorders of animals. M. Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries (ge.ieral considerations of aquatic sciences and fisheries; management, policies, labour, finance, credit; stock assessment). 1) Fisheries production (methods, organization oí equipment for all types of fishing; aquaculture: yields, primary processing). 2) Oceanography. 3) Limnology. 4) Aquatic biology. N. Machinery and Buildings (equipment and engineering in relation to agriculture, fisheries and forestry). 1) Agricultural engineering, structures and equipment (farm structures; rural roads; structural equipment, etc.; safely engineering, etc.; electrical engineering, rural electrification, etc.). 2) Farm equipment (hand and power; tillage, fertilizing, sowing, etc.; animal production equipment; transportation equipment). P. Natural Resources (general aspects in relation to agriculture, fisheries and forestry; conservation of plants and animals). 1) Energy resources. 2) Water resources and management, for use in agriculture, fisheries and forestry. 129 3) Drainage and irrigation. 4) Land resources. Q. Food Science 1) Food processing (technologies: industry planning and development: equipment and • processing techniques of food and drink manufacture; preservation and storage of food-stuffs. 2) Food microbiology and toxicology. 3) Food packaging. 4) Food additives. R. Home Economics (Home industries; food in the home; houses and household equipment: housekeeping; consumer protection: care of children). S. Human Nutrition 1) Attitudes of man in relation to foods and feeding; food consumption; nutrition training. 2) Food composition and constituents; chemical analysis; nutrients; food quality. 3) Physiology of human nutrition. 4) Feeding (diets; regimes; nutritional and metabolic diseases and disorders; food and nutrition standards). T. Pollution (Degradation or susceptibility to degradation of environmental factors by man's activities in agriculture, fisheries or forestry. Pollutants. Purification. Waste disposal). u. Auxiliary Disciplines 1) Mathematics and statistics (methods and theory) within the scope. 2) Documentation: library and information science within the scope. The AGRIS manual FAO/AGRIS 3 was revised for the second time in 1976 to expand the scope notes and to add new categories. This revision was adopted in 1977. French and Spanish translations of the AGRIS categories are given in the preliminary pages of every issue of AGRINDEX. To recapitulate: /. The subject scope and subject cate gories of AGRIS are described in FAO/AGRIS 3 (Rev.2): AGRIS 5. The categories are used in the Subject Categorization Scheme: following way: Group 1. (a) the primary category to arrange entries in AGRINDEX 2 The subject scope is divided into (b) the secondary categories to pro 17 fields and 85 categories. See vide 'see also' references 1.3.1(b). from other categories. 3. Every category is expressed by a 6. French and Spanish translations of 3-character alpha-numeric code. the categories are printed in every issue of AGRINDEX. 4. Up to three categories may be assigned for the same document. 130 OBJECTS (COMMODITIES) Commodities are given in Group 2 of the AGRIS Subject Categorization Scheme (see 3.2.2(a)) which lists 416 plants and animals utilized by man, and foods, arranged in related classes, most of which start with a general entry followed by specific entries and concluded by an 'other* entry to accommodate items not previously specified. Each commodity is represented by a 4-digit code. When filling out an AGRIS input sheet, the commodity or object codes are entered in tag 620. Example COMMODITIES PLANTS UT7.LIXED BY MAN ; 0100 Cereals - general 0110 Barley 0120 Maize 0130 Millets 0140 Oats 0150 Rice 0160 Rye 0170 Sorghums Sugar sorghum, see 0240 0180 Wheat 0185 Pseudocereals 0190 Cereals-other 0200 Sugar and starch crops - general Examples If a documentary unit is concerned with an unspecified sorghum, the subject index of FAO/AGRIS 3 (Rev.l) will allow identifying the correct code 0170: Sorghum, sugar 0240 Sorghum halepense 1930 saccharum 0240 vulgare technicum 0590 Sorghums 0170 If the unit were concerned with 'corn' the correct code 0120 would be identified in the subject index of FAO/AGRIS 3 (Rev.l) where it is equated directly with 'Maize'. "Corn (N. American usage) 0120" If the classifier should wish to assign a commodity code to a documentary unit concerned with a cereal that is not specified in group 2, such as Triticale', but knows that it is a cereal, then he will use the 'cereals-other' entry with code 0190. In this way, this alphabetical subject index guides the classifier, a subject specialist, to the correct code in the scheme. 131 Some cross references in the manual provide guidance to related objects in other classes e.g. - 0100 Cereals - general 0170 Sorghums Sugar sorghum, use 0240 - 0400 Fibre plants - general 0410 Abaca 0420 Bamboos - - Coir, use 0311 Commodity codes are listed in classes reflecting their major usage. However, if another aspect of the commodity is treated in the documentary units, classifiers are advised to adopt the existing code whether or not the commodity is listed in the appropriate classified grouping. The AGRIS Coordinating Centre should be informed of the nature of the difficulty and a convincing proposal for revision should accompany the request. Example: Mustard is a major oilseed crop in some Asiatic countries where it is not used as a flavouring or perfume plant; the AGRIS scheme lists only 'Mustards' at 2300 classing them as 'Flavouring and perfume plants'. A proposal for revision was received by the AGRIS Coordinating Centre. The input centre was advised to continue classifying entries under 2300, and not under the 0330 group "Oil herbs and bushes" as proposed, to preserve uniformity in the data base. 'Object' or 'commodity' codes are used by AGRIS as a tool for information retrieval. Furthermore, the first object code is used to classify entries in AGR1NDEX and on AGRIS Utpes with a broad subject category (see p. 1.3.1(b)). Object codes may be assigned in unlimited numbers: all codes entered at tag 620 are used to produce entries in the Commodities Index in AGRINDEX. Example (a) the entry, 143067, covering only one commodity "rice", is arranged, with F30, "Plant Breeding", under 'Rice', i.e. under the primary object code (0150) by which it was also classified. This entry also appears in the alphabetical Commodities Index in AGRINDEX. Category F30 - Plant breeding See also 141539, 141621, 141669, 141670, 141792, 142193, 142197, 142217, 142235, 142240, 142241, 142244, 142272, 142282, 142305, 142306. 142337, 142338, 142343, 142344, 142377, 142451, 142468, 142809, 142829, 142844, 143304, 143313, 143332, 143378, 143467, 143629, 143630, 143704, 143767, 144038, 144194, 144235, 144254, 144290, 144438, 146343, 146626, 146639, 146870 Oats (0140) 143046 McKenzie, R.I.H. Registration of Kelsey oats [cultivar, USAI. (En). Crop Science (USA). ISSN 0O11-183X. (Sep 1976). v. 16(5) p. 740. 143047 McKenzie, R.I.H. Registration of Sioux oats [cultivar, USAI. (En). Crop Science (USA). ISSN 0011-183X. (Sep 1976). v. 16(5) p. 740. 143048 McKenzie, R.I.H. Registration of Harmon oats [cultivar, USAI. (En). Crop Science (USA). ISSN 00I1-I83X. (Sep 1976). v. 16(5) p. 741. 143049 McKenzie, R.I.H.; Martens, J.W.; Mallough, E.D.; Fleischmann, G. Registration of Hudson oats [cultivar, USAI. (En). Crop Science (USA). ISSN 0011-183X. (Sep 1976). v. 16(5) p. 740-741. 132 14305(1 Yamauchi, F.: Hashimoto, M.; Nishiyama. 1. (Meijo Univ, Nagoya (Japan). Faculty of Agriculture). Cytogenetics of the F2 progeny of a hlghlv sterile hybrid Avena lonciejumís % A. slrigosa. (En). Japanese Journal of Genetics (Japan). (Apr ',976). v. 51(2) p. 109-113. 8 réf.; Summary (En). Object Rice «1150) 143051 Armcnta Soto, I_; Nieves Avila. T.: Hernandez Aragon, L. 1BAMOA A7S, a new rice variety with Ions groin and short size for Sinaloa IMexicolL (Es). BAMOA A75, nueva variedad de arroz de grano largo y porte corto rara Sirulcu (Mexico). Gacerf Agricoh fflexreo}. (Aug 1976). v. 21(545) p. 16-20. Main entry __14J067 Niitsuma. Y.; Okano. H.; Ono, T. (Ibaraki-kcn. Agricultural Experiment Station, Mito (Japan)). Survival of upland and lowland rice varieties in their mixed populations under different environments. (Ja). Japanese Journal of Breeding (Japan). (Sep 1976). v. 26(3) p. 220-228. 23 réf.; Summary (En). COMMODITIES INDEX Rapcsecd meal in complete feeds for dairy cows (L30) 145048 Determination of total glucosinolate content in [six Swedish verities ofl rapeseed (Brassica napusl and turnip rapeseed (Brassica camprjstrisl meals by gas liquid chromatography (L36.SI0) 145134 Erucic acid la study to find out the lowest level of crude acid (from rapesced oill in rat diet to give rise to pathological fatty accumulation) (S30) 146788 Raspberries [Research on the cultivation of the wild raspberry IRubus idaeus L.1) (F00) 142311 The nectar raspberry, Rubus idacus X Rubus arcticus - a new cultivated plant (F30) 143201 On raspberry growing in plains areas [Yugoslavia! (F30) 143202 Reptiles and batrachions - other The population structure of an Australian reptile tick, Aponomma hydrosauri (Acari: Ixodidac). 1: Evidence from an esterase polymorphism (L72) 145557 Pyloroduodenal resection in a Burmese python (L.74) 145817 Rice The Rural Training Centre at the Mahaica (Mahaicony, Guyanal Abary Rice Development Scheme (D10.C00) 141640 Economic analysis of agricultural projects: a case study of rice production in north-western state of Nigeria (E10) 141795 Comparative input, output and financial data for palay Iricel, onions, cabbage, corn, peanuts and cotton, Nueva Ecija [Philippines!, 1976 (E10) 141796 evaluation of 16 lines of rice introduced in 1975 ICosta Ricall (F30) 143065 Genetics of yield and yield components in dwarf rice llndial (F30) 143066 Survival of upland and lowland rice varieties in their mixed populations Index entry under different environments (F30.F40) ' ' • 143067 IRegional essays of rice lines and varieties in Guatemalal (F30) 143068 IVarictal characteristics of rice related to yield physiology! (F30) 143069 Induction of useful short stature and early maturing mutants in two japónica rice cultivars (F30) 143070 Phenotypic stability for yield of some rice varieties llndial (F30) 143071 Evolution of rice varieties with improved quality through induced mutations (F30) 143072 Genetical studies on rice plant, 66: Genetic aspects of two dwarfs "Hosetsu dwarf" and "Kolake-tamanishiki", and their character expressions (F30) 143073 Effectiveness of protein per seed as a selection criterion for high protein rice (F30) 143074 Induction of mutations in protein content of rice (F30) 143075 evaluation of rice varieties and promising lines in extensive plots under irrigation conditions in Nicaragual (F30) 143076 Studies on earlincss genes in rice, with special reference to analysis of isoallcles at the E locus (F30) 143077 Studies on the mutation induction by means of treatment with mcthylmethanesulfonatc, cthylmethanesulfonatc and nitrosomethylurea in rice, 1: Effects of the chemicals on treated plant and mutation frequencies found in succeeding generation (F30) 143078 Mutation induction of protein variability in wheat and rice (F30) 143115 133 (b) a documentary unit covering several commodities: pines, olive and eucalyptus, is entered in AGR1NDEX under the primary object "Pines" correspondig to code 3140 within the Primary category F0O "Plant Production". Entries for all three objects assigned "Pines (3140)", "Olive (0313)" and "Eucalyptus (3240)" appear in the Commodities Index: F00 - PLANT PRODUCTION 147685 Shin, J.S.; Roh, J.Y. (Chungbuk National Univ., Chongju (Korea R.). Tobacco Research Inst.). The influence of plant spacings and types of row on yields und yields constitutional elements of tobacco plant, (ko). Research Reports of the Tobacco Research Institute of Chungbuk National University (Korea R.). (Jul 1976). v. 3 p. 117-132. 14 tables. Bibliography (52 ref.) Summaries (En, Ko). Drug plants - other (2790) 147686 Griffin. WJ. Agronomic évaluation of Datura candida-a new source of hyosclne (Medicinal plants). (En). Economic Botany (USA). ISSN 0013-0001. (Oct 1976). v. 30(4) p. 361-369. 8 réf.; Summary (En). Forest and ornamental trees - general (3000) 147687 Sunasaka, M. (Tsukuba Univ., Satcura, Ibaraki (Japan)). Production and circulation of the planting trees. (Ja). Forest Economy (Japan). (Aug 1976). (no.334) p. 1-13.21. Pines (3140) 147688 Backhaus, R.A.; Sachs, R.M.; Hield, H.Z. Tree growth Inhibition by >tV bark applications of morphactins IPinus radiata, olives, Eucalyptus globulus!. (En). HortScience (USA). ISSN 0018-5345. (Dec 1976). v. ll(6.sect.l) p. 578-580. 13 réf.; Summary (En). Ornamental plants (3300) COMMODITIES INDEX Eucalypti Tree growth inhibition by bark applications of morphactins IPinus radiata. olives, Eucalyptus globulusl (FOO) 147688 Effects of thermoperiod on seedling development in Eucalyptus obliqua (F30.F40) ' 148221 Effect of seasonal variations on the physical and chemical properties of essential oils in eucalyptus camaldulensis dehn (F40) 148301 Importance of photosynthetic cotyledons for early growth of woody angiosperms(DCMU(3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-l,l-dimethylurea), Acer negundo, Ailanthus altissima. Eucalyptus globulus, Fraxinus pennsylvanica. Robinia pseudacacia, Ulmus americana! (F60) 148723 Olive Quick visual proof and semi-quantitative evaluation of fat peroxides in olive pulp formed by auto-oxidation and/or llpoxidative enzym reaction, using colour developer Z (Merck) as reagent (A50.Q00) 146977 (Topical state on international and national legislation about standards of quality for olive-oil and table-olivel (D50) 147068 Tree growth inhibition by bark applications of morphactins IPinus radiata, Sa' olives. Eucalyptus globulusl (FO0) 147688 Influence of indolebutryic acid on rooting of softwood cuttings of Olea Europaca cv. Ashrasy (olive) (F60) 148510 On the biology of the olive leaf moth Palpita unionalis Hb. (Lep., Pyralidae) lEsvptl (H10) 149170 Pines V Tree growth inhibition by bark applications of morphactins IPinus radiata, olives. Eucalyptus globulusl (F00) 147688 French and Spanish translations of the Commodities are given in the preliminary pages of every issue of AGRINDEX. 134 To recapitulate: AGRIS Commodities (objects) [FAO/AGRIS 3 (Rev.l): Group 2] L Cover 416 commodities concerning plants, animals and foods. 2. Every commodity is expressed as a 4-digit numeric code. 3. Object codes are used (a) to arrange entries in AGRINDEX within primary categories (b) to list entries in the Commodities Index in AGRINDEX (c) for retrieval from AGRIS tapes. 4. Object codes may be assigned in unlimited number 5. The AGRIS manual (a) lists the commodities in related grohpfcgs (b) includes cross references (c) contains an alphabetical subject index - 6. French and Spanish translations of commodities are printed in every issue of AGRINDEX. GEOGRAPHICAL CODES Unlike the Subject categories and the Object codes, the Geographical codes (a) are not used in the AGRINDEX printed version but are recorded on AGRIS tapes; (b) are given in FAO/AGRIS 3 (Rev.l): Group 3 in the form of a structured thesaurus in order that their relationships may be made clear. They are fundamentally codes to political entities, subdivided in the case of large countries, but they also include codes for major quasi-political or physical groupings, such as G105 Francophone Africa, G800 South East Asia, and G037 SEAMEO. It is also possible to use a limited number of codes relating to physical geography, such as GZ40 Volcanic Areas. In the AGRIS input sheet geographical codes are entered at Tag 620 in unlimited numbers. The geographical codes are given by a 4 character alpha-numeric code starting with a capital G, followed by 3 digits or by 1 letter and 2 digits. Throughout this section of the AGRIS manual existing interrelationships between individual geographical names are made evident by means of three kinds of relationships: preferential: UF = Use for hierarchical: BT = Broader term NT = Narrower term affinitive : RT = Related term In the following examples several geographical codes are applicable. (a) 'The fishes of the continental shelf off the Atlantic coast of Southern Africa" GZ61 : Continental Shelf GM45: South Eastern Atlantic Basin G154: Southern Africa 135 (b) "U.S. poultry exports to Latin America" G302: Latin America G430: USA (c) "Report of the United Nations FAO world programme to the tenth FAO Regional Conference for Europe" G021: FAO G041: United Nations G8I0: Europe The most specific geographical code GM45 in Example (a) may be identified in the AGRIS manual either through the alphabetical geographical index or in the systematic part. In order to identify the correct code for "South Eastern Atlantic Basin", various blocks of geographical terms may have to be consulted, lf the classifier wishes to start from the term "Atlantic Ocean" he would be referred gradually to the most specific code GM45 in the following way: 1st step (GM20) ATLANTIC O» • rIAN NT NORTH ATLANTIC SOUTH ATLANTIC" 2nd step (GM40) SOUTH ATLANTIC BT ATLANTIC OCEAN NT SOUTH EASTERN ATLANTIC' 3rd step (GM4I) SOUTH EASTERN ATLANTIC BT SOUTH ATLANTIC NT ATLANTIC-INDIAN-ANTARCTIC BASIN SOUTH EASTERN ATLANTIC BASIN' -4th, and final step (GM45) SOUTH EASTERN ATLANTIC BASIN / BT SOUTH EASTERN ATLANTIC selected code The entry for G430 in the systematic part of the manual reads as follows: G430 USA UF UNITED STATES OF AMERICA BT NORTH AMERICA NT ALABAMA ALASKA WYOMING 136 RT COLOMBO PLAN INTER-AMERICAN DEVELOPMENT BANK OECD SOUTH EASTERN STATES (USA) etc. Outline of AGRIS main geographical classes G100 to G999 Political geography (continents, regions, countries, states, geolinguistic areas) GM10 to GM99 Marine areas (oceans, seas, basins, gulfs) GO10 to G044 Intergovernmental organizations (e.g. FAO, European Communities, etc.) GGIO to GG99 Other geographic groupings (e.g. Arab countries, Tropical Africa) GZIO to GZ99 Physical geography (climatic areas; land areas: plains, mountain areas, islands, reclaimed land, river basins; swamps; volcanic areas; water areas; vegetation zones, fertile zones, deserts; wastelands). To recapitulate: AGRIS Geographical codes [FAO/AGRIS 3 (Rev.I): Group 3] 1. Cover 648 political and physical geographical groupings 2. Every code is expressed by a 4- character alpha-numeric code 3. Geographical codes are entered in the AGRIS data base for retrieval only 4. Geographical codes may be assigned in unlimited numbers 5. The AGRIS manual (a) gives the geographical codes in the form of a structured thesaurus, where every code is presented with its own word block, indicating preferential, hierarchical and affinitive re lationships with associated codes (b) contains an alphabetical geographical index (c) is currently being updated 137 3.1.2 Forms of input Centres participating in AGRIS may submit their input either on input sheets or in machine-readable form. 3.1.2(a) Input sheet Contrary to INIS, there is only one AGRIS input sheet, an example of which is given in the Appendix. It corresponds to the bibliographic worksheet of INIS, which will be shortly described here for the sake of completeness, although nearly the same rules apply as for 1N1S. At the initial stage, input centres may request blank forms from the AGRIS Coordinating Centre; thereafter, they should print their own input sheets. The upper part of an input sheet consists of the header, which contains the control data element, whereas the body of the input sheet contains two sections with fields for various data elements. Each data element is identified by a 3-digit tag number. Detailed instructions for completing an input sheet are given FAO/AGR1S 4. (A) The Header should be completed by hand; preprinted information should be circled. Tag 001 TRN, the temporary reference number, consists of a 2-character country code (e.g. US), a 2-digit year number (e.g. 78), and a 5-digit sequence number. The country code is always the 2-character ISO code, or the country code of a multi-national centre (usually starting with 'X'). Different input sheets must always have different TRN numbers. Tag 002-003 serve for processing purposes only. Tag 004 An 'N' should be circled for each new submitted item. If an item, already published in AGRINDEX, is to be changed or deleted, a 'C or 'D' has to be circled. Tag 005 is only used when tag 004 is either 'C or 'D'. It then contains the changed or deleted reference number (RN). Tag 006 serves to establish a relationship ('see also...' or 'translation of...') to another documentary unit in the system. Tag 008 is used to enter the subject category code(s) (up to three); the place of publication (2 character country code) if input is sent via a multinational centre; the type of record (B for a monograph, F for report, etc.); the bibliographic level(s) (A,M,S,C); and the literary indicators (K, V, etc.). (B) Sections (to be entered by typewriter only, except tag 620) Section 1 is used for levels A,M, and C whereby 'A', 'M', or 'C has to be written in the boxes identified by tag number. Section 2 is used for the serial level S only. If the bibliographic description of a documentary unit requires one level or one level and the 'S' level, one input sheet is filled out, in all other cases two (e.g. for AM, AMS) or three (for AMC) are required. Which data elements are required, permitted and forbidden, is determined by the type or record, the bibliographic levels and the literary indicators. The bibliographic guidelines (FAO/AGRIS 4) list these requirements in part 3.9, in the form of tables known as "Matrix of Bibliographic Data Elements". In describing a documentary unit for AGRIS, it should be a rule to check for the required, permitted, and forbidden data elements. All data elements are 138 checked by computer for basic syntax rules (e.g. balanced parentheses), whereas some data elements, the so-called structured data elements, have, in addition, to conform to very rigid rules. The author field represents an example of a structured data element. Last name(s) are separated from initials or name fragments by a comma followed by a space, several authors are separated from each other by semicolons followed by a space. The reason for structuring certain data elements is the need of either generating an index from the data (e.g. personal author index, commodities index), or the use of the data element as an important retrieval tool (e.g. the date field). In principle, AGRIS has the same bibliographic description rules as INIS, but with the following differences: - type of record B means monograph (conventional and non-conventional literature) in AGRIS, whereas B in INIS is used for books (conventional) only. - in AGRIS, the non-conventional literary indicator may be given for each piece of literature, independently of the type of record and the bibliographical levels. In INIS, the decision between conventional and non-conventional literature is determined by the type or record and the bibliographic levels, whereby an additional literary indicator X (not present in AGRIS) is used to indicate non-conventional literature not available for microfiching. - AGRIS uses type of record C for standards. - Some literary indicators have different meanings in the two systems. - INIS standardizes all corporate authority entries and, optionally, affiliations, whereas AGRIS does not yet have an authority list for corporate names. AGRIS does not therefore have tags 700 and 710, as used for INIS. - If tag 200 is a title translated into English, AGRIS sets it in square brackets. - INIS uses tag 620 for entering title augmentations, whereas AGRIS places title enrichments within square brackets in tag 200. If a translated title is enriched at the same time, nested square brackets are used in AGRIS. Example: [Biological control [Introduction and definition, Morocco]] translated title Enrichment Since AGRIS does not have indexing in depth or abstracts, great emphasis is given on providing correct and sufficient title enrichments. - INIS uses abbreviated journal titles, without country of publication, from a journal authority list. AGRIS uses the full title, the so-called key-title, and the country of publication is entered after the title in parentheses. - INIS standardizes the report number prefixes whereas AGRIS does not yet have a report number prefix authority list. - In the absence of the different authority files, AGRIS verifies the country names in all tags, where the country is listed in parentheses (100, 110, 401, S230, etc.). - In AGRIS, tag 620 is used to enter the object (commodity) codes and the geographical codes (See 3.1.1(b)). -In AGRIS, the availability of non-conventional literature must be guaranteed by the inputting centre. If the input centre has the document itself, no availability is given on the input sheet; 139 in'AGRINDEX, however, an asterisk (*) is printed followed by the country code. The centres participating in AGRIS are listed with their country codes in each issue of AGRINDEX. If the input centre does not have the document, an availability statement (starting with asterisk (*)) is given as the last information in tag 610. See also the Appendix on the Availability of Documents in AGRIS. 3.1.2(b) Machine-readable form For AGRIS, two forms of machine-readable input are mainly used by input centres: OCR and magnetic tape. Paper tape, although used by some centres, is of minor importance for AGRIS. The choice of input medium depends on the technical capability of the particular input centre and the size of input to be submitted. The format for OCR input is described in detail in FAO/AGRIS 20, whereas the magnetic tape format and character sets are published in FAO/AGRIS 8 and FAO/AGRIS 7, respectively. 3.2 Output products 3.2.1 AGRINDEX AGRINDEX is printed once a month, and is available on annual subscription (see Appendix 3-A.l). Like 1NIS, the AGRINDEX is produced by computer-driven photocomposition. AGRINDEX consists of a main part, i.e. the list of citations, and four indexes. In the main part all data elements are printed except tag 620 (commodity an'd geographical codes) and conference information, if it duplicates the information given in other data elements. The citations are arranged by first subject category and first object code, whereby the first object code is used to print subheadings. A typical entry is shown below: 177383 Ampol Scnanarong; Thirasak Manuphiraphan; Vatcharee Lertmongkol. Corn breeding tor grain yield. I: evaluation of selection progress (in 1975 late rainy season al Suwan farm, Pak Chong in Thailand). (Thai). Kan prapprung phan khaophot phua phoem phonphalit, 1: kan pramoen prion kan khat luak. Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives, Bangkok (Thailand). Dept. of Agriculture. Field Crops Div. Annual research report on corn and sorghum 1975. Rai-ngan phon kan wichai khaophot khaofang kromwichakankaset pi 2518. Bangkok (Thailand). 1977. p. 116-119. *TNDC Library (Thailand). The first index in each AGRINDEX is the personal author index, listing each personal author of every document, with its reference number RN. Unlike INIS, no titles are given. Example Ayuta, Y. 204978 Ayuzawa, T. 205808 Azhar, S. 204065 Azi, F.A. 203763 Azimov, Sh.A. 205182 Azirin, A. 195632, 197002 Azis, A. 194907, 195160 Aziz, M.A. 195530 Azuma, J. 196656, 196657 Azuma, K. 203574 Azuma, M. 201847 Azuma, R. 205653 B B'Chir, M.M. 200193 B"chvarova, Ya. 205579 140 Baarda, J.R. 193740, 193741, 194279, 194447 Baas, E-I. 202368 Baba, Al. I. 206067 Baba, T. 194679 Babaev, D.M. 197674 Babajimopoulos, M. 208606 Babalunde, G.M. 203822 Babb, E.M. 194580 Babcock, D. 202887 Babcock, J.D. 199898 Babcock. KJ_ 196556 Babcook, D.R. 207807, 207808 Babel, FJ. 208063 Babinet, C 204436 Babils, G.F. 201974 Babiuk, 1_A. 204169 Babler. J.H. 199703 Babu, D.K. 196569, 196570 Babu, K.S. 205170 Babuchowski, A. 207443 Babukov. A.V. 203531 Babul, J. 207852 Baca. BJ. 197894 Bach. Aa. 197616 The second index is the corporate entry index, listing all corporate entries but no affiliations. Since the corporate entries are not yet standardized, consistency in this index can hardly be reached. Only the reference number is given for each entry. Example lnslilut Supérieur Pédagogique (ISP), Mbanza-Ngungu (Zaire) 147851 Institut Technique de l'Elevage Bovin, 75 - Paris (France) 152221 Institut Technique de la Betterave. 75 - Paris (France) 148034 Institut Technique du Porc. 75 - Paris (France) 147194. 147195. 147196, 147197. 150137. 150139, 150140, 150143, 150144, 150149, 150351, 150363, 150364, 150375, 150376, 150378, 150474, 150475. 150619. 150620, 150622. 150623, 150624, 150625, 150628. 150634, 150635. 150636. 150649. 150650. 150651. 150911. 150913. 150917, 150918. 150919. 150920, 150925. 150926. 150931. 150937. 150938. 150940, 151168, 151415. 151626. 151636. 151641, 151647, 151648. 152224, 152225, 152229, 152412 Instituto Boliviano de Tecnología Agropecuaria, La Paz 147518 instituto de Ingenieros Civiles de España, Madrid. Aula de Ingeniería 146985, 149955, 150015. 150019, 150020, 150037, 150038, 150049, 150050, 150051 Instituto Nacional de Cooperativas. Li Paz (Bolivia) 147334 Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agrarias, Madrid (Spain) 149632, 150131 Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Quito (Ecuador) 149131 Instituto Nacional para la Conscrvôacion de la Naturaleza. Madrid (Spain) 151100 Instituto Nicaragüense de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Managua 147063 Instituut voor de Veredcling van Tuinbouwgcwasscn, Wagcningen (Netherlands) 146961, 147624 Instituut voor Mechanisatie, Arbcid en Gebouwcn, Wagcningen (Netherlands) 150099, 152239 The third index is the report and patent number index, generated from all tags 300 and 310 of the particular AGRINDEX. The report number prefix (character string up to the double hyphen, which is photocomposed as one long hyphen) is used as heading in this index. Example CRIEPl REPORT CR1EP1 Report-475006 146076 CRIEPI Report-475007 145872 CRIEPI Report-476002 146115 EUR EUR-5442-e 141479 EUR-5450 145415 EUR-5451 145568 EUR-5486 145641 EUR-5490-e 144845 EUR-5491 144846 141 FAO-AGO FAO-AGO-ETH/71/533 142178 FAO-AGO-ROK/71/532 144066, 144067, 144071, 144078, 144081, 144082, 144083, 144084 FAO-AGP FAO-AGP-1975/M/ll 143796 FAO-AGP- 1976/W4 141950, 143819, H6795. 146796, 146797. 146800, 146801, 146804, 146808, 146819. 146824, 146833, 146834. 146843, 146845, 146849. 146852 FAO-AGP-SF/PAN/10-TR-5 141912 FAO-AGP-TF-REM-4(DEN) 142336 The fourth index is the commodities index. Since it is assumed that this index is the one used most in manual retrieval, the full English title (translated, if necessary) and the subject categories assigned are printed with the reference number. Within each commodity the titles are printed in the order of their reference number (RN), and thus by their first subject category. Example Lemons E70 Orange and tangerine output down slightly, grapefruit and lemons up [Statistics] 244863 F0(l [Citrus research and experimentation, annual report 1976 [Orange: Lemon: Weed: Pest: Plant virosis: Variety competition: Brazil)] 245466 F30 (Citrus research and experimentation, annual report 1976 [Orange: Lemon: Weed: ?cst; Plant virosis; Variety competition: Brazil!] 245466 F60 Inhibition of limonoid biosynthesis in leaves of Citrus limon by tricthylamine derivatives 247355 H(M) [Citrus research and experimentation, annual report 1976 [Orange: Lemon: Weed: Pest: Plant virosis: Variety competition; Brazil]) 245466 H20 (Lemon trees: ¡i cultivar test] 248641) Virus-free Meyer lemon: production and quality 248641 H50 A preliminary study of rumple-a serious rind disorder of lemons in Turkey [caused by manganese deficiency] 248852 Lentils F60 Extensive sequence homologies among lectins from leguminous plants [Lentil and pea lectins, of soybean and peanut agglutinins] 247403 Rcpciive cellular autophagy during the vacuolation of the root cells in lentil 247404 1110 Comparative bio-efficacy of nozzles for the control of aphids on mustard and lentil [India] 248363 l.espedezas F00 Reproductive capacity of the genus Lcspcdeza 245608 Lettuces F00 Ingredients for top-quality summer lettuce 245529 Studies on the polyethylene mulching cultivation. 3: On the cropping type, methods, amount and forms of the slowly available fertilizer during double cropping of lettuce and sweet corn 245530 F25 Studies on the polyethylene mulching cultivation. 3: On the cropping type, methods, amount and forms of the slowly available fertilizer during double cropping of lettuce and sweet corn 245530 F30 Pre-sowing seed treatment with cytokinin to prevent high temperature dormancy in lettuce (Lactuca saliva) seeds 246617 F60 [Photosynthetic efficiency systems (Lactuca sativa C.V. romanal] 247428 Effects of some phenolic acids upon the germination of lettuce seed 247429 H10 Nasonovia rivis-nigris vector of virus on lettuce in Campania [Ilalv] 248345 H20 Evaluation of lettuce varieties for resistance to bacterial soft rot 248698 H60 Weed control in drilled outdoor lettuce 249000 Lichens F05 Recent literature on lichens. 94 (Bibliography] 245857 F60 Chemosyndromic variation in lichens 247691 Nitrogenase activity in the lichen Slcrcocaulon paschalc: Recovery after dry storaitc 247692 142 F7U Chemosyndromic variation in lichens 247691 Ramalina farinácea in Hawaii [Lichens] 247901 Pyxinc ahorca Nyl. is Parmclia caroliniana Nyl. [Lichens] 2479(12 (Contribution to ihe lichen flora of Venezuela] 247903 Some additions to the lichen flora of India. 111. Genus Keltcina (Hale and Kurk) Hale (Parmcliaceae) 247904 K50 Carhon-13-NMR-spccira of lignins. 7. On the question of lignin conlcnl of mosses (Sphagnum-magcllanicum Brid.) 249513 Limes H2fl Studies on citrus tristeza virus disease. 11. Distribution and movement of the causal virus in citrus plants [Lime, oranges] 248641 Linseed K60 [Formation of linolcic acid in potatoes tuber (Solanum tuberosum L) and in some oilseeds as linseed, rape, sunflower] 247253 Carbon-13NMR spectroscopy of ftavonoid alvcosides. [Valeriana. Linum. Tilia] " " 247537 3.2.2 Magnetic tape services AGRINDEX tapes are made available to AGRIS Liaison Offices upon request on a regular basis or for test purposes only. AGRIS tapes are written in the format and character set based on ISO standards (International Standard ISO 2709, and ISO 646, 1973). The actual implementation of these two standards is described in FAO/AGRIS 7 and FAO/AGRIS 8. Tapes are distributed in 9-track format 6250 bpi (bytes per inch), 1600 bpi and 800 bpi (on special request, also in IBM EBCDIC coding) and in 7-track format 800 bpi, 556 bpi or 200 bpi. Since the AGRIS Input Unit in Vienna maintains the AGRIS data base for the STAIRS retrieval system, the AGRIS file is also available on special request in the so-called EDIO- format (a format acceptable as input to STAIRS). In this case only 9-track tapes in 6250 bpi, 1600 bpi, or 800 bpi with IBM EBCDIC coding are generated. Participating countries having access to the STAIRS retrieval program can therefore save the conversion costs by requesting these STAIRS formatted tapes. 3.2.3 The FAO/AGRIS Reference Series and related manuals The AGRIS system manuals, although overlapping in certain areas, can be grouped into those used by a) Descriptive cataloguers b) Classifiers and subject specialists, and the c) Systems and programming group Most of these manuals were translated into Spanish, German, Russian, Portuguese, Japanese, French and Italian for national or regional use by AGRIS national or multinational centres. a) MANUALS FOR DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUERS The following manuals in the AGRIS reference series are mostly intended for descriptive cataloguers: FAO/AGRIS 4 FAO/AGRIS 13 FAO/AGRIS 21 [FAO/AGRIS 10 in preparation] 143 FAO/AGRIS 4 (Rev.l), AGRIS: Guidelines for Bibliographic Description Gives instructions on how to catalogue any document type for AGRIS and how to complete the AGRIS Input Sheet. It has been revised once to incorporate developments and changes in bibliographic descriptions. Further revisions were issued in Amendments 1 to 5. This manual includes also sections of sample input sheets, of transliteration tables and of matrices of bibliographic data elements: Section 3.4: AGRIS input sheet samples, includes representative samples of different document types with corresponding worksheets. Section 3.8: Transliteration Tables for Selected Non-Roman Alphabets, provides transliteration tables ."or the Cyrillic alphabet based on current ISO recommendations and extracted from the UNIS1ST/ICSU/AB Reference Manual, 1974, p. 56 - 58. Transliteration tables for Greek characters are according to ISO Recommendation R843 - 1968. The transcription of accented letters in languages which use a modified Roman alphabet is also extracted from the UN1S1ST Reference Manual, p. 58. A system for the transliteration of Arabic is included by kind permission of the authors. In the absence of suitable ISO transliteration schemes for languages using other scripts, such as Hebrew, and for ideogrammatic languages, inputters have been asked to select their own transliteration standards and to use them consistently. Section 3.9: Matrices of Bibliographic Data Elements indicates the required, permitted and forbidden data elements for each type of record and for associated bibliographic levels. FAO/AGRIS 13 (Rcv.O): Serials Providing Source Documents in the Fields of Food and Agricultural Sciences and Technology. A Reference List Serial titles in this list have not yet been completely standardized, but are listed in a format as close as possible to the 'key-title' as defined in the UNISIST/ISDS rules, an extract of which is included in pt. 3.6 of FAO/AGRIS 4 (see above). Part 1 is an 'Alphabetical list' and in part 2, "Geographic list', serial titles are grouped by country or by international organization, and arranged alphabetically by 'Key-title'. Both parts include also International Standard Serial Numbers (ISSN) when available. The country under which a serial title is listed has assumed responsibility for covering the publication directly or through a multi-national centre: no other inputting centre may report articles from serials not in their own list. When articles from serial titles not yet included in the authority are submitted, a photocopy of the title page must be sent to the AGRIS Coordinating Centre, Rome for verification of the correct title entry. FAO/AGRIS 21 (Rev.O), AGRIS Terminology and Codes for Countries and International Organizations Comprises a list of names of countries and international organizations as they should be cited in data elements (conference location, place of publication and corporate entries). They are given, together with a 2-character alphabetic code used in the TRN and at 008 (for multinational centres), and for statistical purposes. The codes are based on an ISO Standard (Standard ISO 3166-1974 "Codes for Representation of Names of Countries"). |FAO/AGRIS 10, AGRIS: Authority List for Corporate Names) The compilation of this list has been in progress for some time with the assistance of AGRIS participants. As a temporary measure inputting centres are advised to use IAEA-INIS- 6(Rev.l0) '1N1S: Authority List for Corporate Entries and Report Number Prefixes', described in pt. 2.2.4 of this manual. Introduction to AGRIS Input Preparation, is a short guide for new AGRIS centres. It is prepared ad hoc for a given country or region or for training seminars. It is in general accompanied by a set of sample input sheets and includes addresses of interest to specific countries or regions. 144 b) MANUALS FOR CLASSIFIERS AND SUBJECT SPECIALISTS The following manual of the AGRIS reference series is intended for classifiers and subject specialists for AGRIS input preparation: FAO/ACRIS 3 (Rcv.l 2), AGRIS: Subject Categorization Scheme Organized in three groups: Group 1 (Rev.2): gives a breakdown of the AGRIS subject scope into main fields and, within these, into specific subject categories, more appropriate for some particular aspects Group 2 .(Rcv.l): contains listings and codes of "commodities' (objects) identifying plants, animals and other agricultural products. Their use, in conjunction with categories, permits a further subdivision of material within categories Group 3 (Rcv.l): covers all aspects of geography of interest to agriculture and includes mainly political geography, quasi-political groupings. Some physical geographical terms are also covered. Geographical terms are given in the form of a structured thesaurus in order that their relationships may be made clear. A subject index guides the user to the various categories, commodities and geographical codes in the scheme. FAO/AGRIS 4 (see (a) above) Includes several sections of interest to classifiers and subject specialists: part 1: contains document selection criteria and instructions for subject categorization and commodity and geographical coding part 2.200: gives title enrichment criteria part 3.4: AGRIS input sheet samples also exemplify subject categorization and commodity and geographical coding Following a decision of the 1976 session of the Panel of Experts, AGRIS may now accept abstracts from those centres which are sending their input on tape. As AGRIS manuals for the preparation of abstracts have not been developed we suggest that, after previous agreement with the AGRIS Input Unit in Vienna, centres wishing to contribute abstracts to AGRIS as an interim measure, follow INIS procedures. These are laid out in IAEA-INIS-4.TNIS: Instructions on Submitting Abstracts (see 2.2.4(b) above). For information retrieval two manuals deal with specific systems available at the IAEA. They have been published in the IAEA Technical Reports Series. IAEA-183. AGRIS: Categorization and Information Retrieval Based on IBM's IRMS Presents the system in two parts, one from the user's point of view (with detailed instructions for its use following an introduction to the concept of retrieval), and the other with programme descriptions, data set definitions and file formats. IRMS allows for batch processing on an IBM/360. IAEA-191, STAIRS User's Manual Describes the practical on-line utilization of IBM's STorage And Information Retrieval System as adapted for use with the INIS and AGRIS communication language between the user and the system outlined. This manual is in the process of being substantially revised. 145 c) MANUALS FOR ANALYST/PROGRAMMERS The following manuals of the AGRIS reference series are related to AGRIS computer processing: FAO/AGRIS 7 FAO/AGRIS 8 FAO/AGRIS 19 FAO/AGRIS 20 FAO/AGRIS 7 (Rev.l), AGRIS: Magnetic Tape Specifications and Record Format Describes the format of AGRIS records on magnetic tapes, implementing the Standard ISO 2709-1973. The differences between the records submitted to or distributed by AGRIS are explained, as well as format and contents of magnetic tape labels, block structure and the physical characteristics of the tapes. This manual is derived from 1AEA-INIS-9 (see 2.2.4(c)). FAO/AGRIS 8 (Rev.O), AGRIS: Magnetic Tape Codes and Character Sets Contains the AGRIS character set and describes the AGRIS 8-bit code used on input and output tapes. The 8-bit code is based on the ISO Standard 7-bit Code, ISO 646-1973. FAO/AGRIS 19, AGRIS: Description of Computer Programs Gives an account of the major part of the computer software of AGRIS, i.e. the set of computer programs used at the AGRIS Input Unit in Vienna for processing the computer- readable data. It is divided into four parts. The first two give an overall view of the programs in a way which deliberately avoids specialized computer terminology, so that it can also be understood by readers not familiar with computer programming. The third part describes the computer programs in more detail. The fourth part gives a format description of the data sets. Although the programs described were developed for performing a specific task, they may be of interest to others in that they present a working solution to the problem of developing a computerized information system. The solution proposed for coping with a decentralized operation on a worldwide basis may be of particular interest. Since the AGRIS computer software has been developed from the computer programs of INIS, this manual is derived from lAEA-INIS-14(Rev.l) (see 2.2.4(c)). FAO/AGRIS 20, AGRIS: OCR Input Instructions Gives detailed instructions for the preparation of AGRIS input in a form suitable for processing by optical character recognition (OCR) equipment (see 1.3.2(b)l). It is organized in five sections and an appendix. The first four give typing instructions and rules for the preparation of data for processing, including simplification for repetitive data and correction procedures. The fifth contains the AGRIS character set and special encodings. In the appendix, 10 examples illustrate the instructions given in the manual. 3.3 Responsibilities of AGRIS Participants (Countries or International Organizations joining AGRIS) 3.3.1. Appointment of Liaison Offices On joining AGRIS the FA O member nation appoints an AGRIS Liaison Office. The function of an AGRIS Liaison Office is to act as a national focal or contact point for the AGRIS system. For example, the AGRIS Coordinating Centre directs information concerning the development of AGRIS, progress reports, announcements about training seminars, etc. to the national Liaison Office. The Liaison Office accepts the responsibility to disseminate this information to appropriate individuals or organizations within its country. 146 Liaison Offices may request and receive the AGRIS data base in machine-readable form (e.g. on magnetic tape) on a regular basis. A copy of the tape is available free of charge, except for the material costs of the tapes. No restrictions are placed on the subsequent use of these tapes by the recipient organizations within their own country (see 3.3.4) - FAO does not make tapes available to commercial organizations, but only at the discretion of and through the AGRIS Liaison Office of the countries where these organizations are located. The Liaison Office is often also responsible for AGRIS input preparation, or coordinates the activities of designated Input Centres. Through the Input Centre formal descriptions or documents for AGRIS are received at the AGRIS Input Unit in Vienna either directly or through a Multinational Centre. 3.3.2. Collection of national literature It is the responsibility of every AGRIS participant to select from its published literature those items relevant to the AGRIS subject scope. This requires organized scanning, and often necessitates the collection of widely scattered information. Regardless of the actual source or the nationality or affiliation of the author, the mere fact that a piece of literature has been published in a particular country makes it the input responsibility of that country. Responsibility for the selection of an item, both for relevance to the AGRIS subject scope (and assignment of correct subject categories) and for the quality of the information contained in it resides with the inputting member. 3.3.3. Preparation or input to AGRIS Every item submitted as input must be catalogued, categorized and coded in accordance with the relevant AGRIS rules for input preparation and sent to FAO in an approved form (input sheet or machine-readable). In view of the need to change to machine-readable input as soon as possible, Liaison Officers assess how their particular problems could be overcome to permit implementation with a minimum of delay. 3.3.4. Utilization of output products Every AGRIS member is free to utilize the output products (ia printed or magnetic form) within the country in any way considered desirable (see 3.3.1). This may take the form of issuing bibliographies on special subjects, current awareness services, retrospective searches, SDI services, etc. A variety of services may be required for industry, universities, institutes, at governmental and management levels, and for schools. To recapitulate: Responsibilities of AGRIS Members: 1. Appointment of Liaison Office (and identification of Input Centre). 2. Collection of national literature. 3. Preparation of input to AGRIS. 4. Utilization of output products. 147 3.4 Responsibilities of the FAO/AGRIS Coordinating Centre FAO. through the AGRIS Coordinating Centre, is responsible for collecting, organizing and processing the bibliographic data received from the input centres and for disseminating this information to a worldwide audience using the national/regional network. The staff and functions of the AGRIS Coordinating Centre are divided in two locations: Rome and Vienna. (a) In Í AO Headquarters. Rome, the AGRIS Coordinating Centre has overall responsibility for the management and development of the system, including training. It makes and maintains contact with participating centres and is responsible for the development programme, overall monitoring of input and output services, production and maintenance of operational manuals and teaching materials. (b) The AGRIS Input Unit (A1U) is housed with the Division of Scientific and Technical Information of the IAEA in Vienna. Its primary function is to receive input from established input centres, convert all input requiring it into magnetic tape form, and monitor their subsequent computer processing, manual checking and subsequently to generate output for distribution to the users, and transmission for photocomposition prior to printing. It is also responsible for computer program development and maintenance. 3.4.1 Training AGRIS training is organized in a number of ways but the major efforts have been concentrated on seminars at the international and regional level. The courses offered, their duration and attendance (by number of participants, and countries and international organizations tepresented) are summarized in Fig.3.4.1-1. Apart from developments within the AGRIS system which necessitated training, the organization of any seminar has been greatly influenced by written feedback from participants (routinely solicited by a questionnaire "Comments on Seminar") and from reports by course lecturers. (a) AGRIS International Seminars From 1975, international AGRIS seminars were organized by FAO in cooperation with the IAEA. On both occasions AGRIS participants also attended courses offered by INIS. These consisted in 1975 in a general introductory course and in 1976 in a 2-day course given by IN IS for magnetic tape users at tutorial and workshop levels. Five on-line terminals were available for the 1976 Vienna Seminar for retrieval demonstrations with STAIRS. AGRIS international seminars are organized in five to seven day sessions in which all participants attend all courses. These offer sessions on introduction to the system, descriptive cataloguing, subject categorization and commodity and geographic coding, and on input for retrieval. In 1976 document selection and title enrichment were introduced for the first time and more time was devoted to discussion forums. The introduction of some mandatory work prior to a seminar, in 1976, for all participants at all levels proved invaluable from an organizational point of view, and was appreciated as a learning aid by the participants. In 1977, a 5-week training programme was offered to participants from developing countries only. Apart from an orientation course on INIS and AGRIS, attended by all, training was geared to the particular requirements of each participant. Basic training in descriptive cataloguing or categorization and retrieval strategy was given, in such a way that trainees would gain a maximum of practical experience. Some participants were trained in all these aspects. Others, who already had considerable programming experience, were trained in the Computer Section. During the last week AGRIS participants received training in Rome at the AGRIS Coordinating Centre and at the FAO Library where AGRIS methodology forms an integral part of library and documentation operations. 148 AGRIS TRAINING 1974-1977 COURSES Addition. Duration TYPE International Participants Countries Inform. GENERAL Working Organizations Otgantratmn Computet Retrieval Systems Abstracting Days A Managemen Aspects Systems Orientation Bibl. descripl. Subject Selection Intern. Regional Rome, Apt-May 1974 10 2 1 - J J J - - - - 5 J - Rome, Dec. 1974 9 6 -- J ------1 J - Turrialba. Costa Rica, Mat( Apt. 1975 16 12 1 AGRINTER J J J ---- 13 - J Luxembourg, July 1975 9 9 1 EURAGRIS J J J ----- 2 - J Los Baños (Philippines) Mar. 197 S 44 6 - AlBA J ------J Ankara (Turkey) June 1975 34 13 2 INIS J J J --- J IRMS J J - Luxembourg, Oct. 1975 10 9 1 BVRAORIS - J J --- J - 2 - J Lov BiSos, (Philippines) Feb. 1976 26 10 1 AlBA J J J J - - J 1RMS to - J Vienna. . IRMS 4 MayJIun. 1976 52 8 INIS J J J J -- J STAIRS to J - Luxembourg, Fev. 1977 10 9 1 EURAGRIS -- J -- - J STAIRS J - J Nairobi, CAB (Retrieval iKenya) AGLINET Strategy May 1977 25 12 - CAR/S J J J J J J - only! II - J Vieroia/Rome, May/Jul. 1977 6 5 1 INIS J J J J - - . J STAIRS 25 - As (Norway) Nov. 1977 8 4 1 - J J J J -- - - - 2 - J FIG. 3.4.1-1 In 1078, training reverts lo the seminar pattern, with a wide spectrum of courses. (b) Regional seminars on AGRIS AGRIS staff has participated in a number of regional seminars organized by Multinational AGRIS Centres in Latin America, 1975 and 1976; in South-East Asia, 1976; in Europe, 1974, 1975, 1976, 1977, 1978; in East Africa, 1977. The programme of regional seminars follows the pattern used at international seminars but always includes sessions oriented to the specific needs of the local participants. (c) On-the-job Training / Is offered in Rome by the AGRIS Coordinating Centre in cooperation with the FAO Library. After an assessment of professional background, experience and future responsibilities, trainees are introduced to the work done in the FAO Librar)' and, after initial training, taught to participate in relevant routine operations. Informality - a deliberate feature of all AGRIS training - encourages open discussion of difficulties encountered at an individual level. Training has been given in descriptive cataloguing, indexing, some computer aspects of the AGRIS system, and also, in the FAO Library, on organization and operation. Participants from 15 countries have been received in the FAO Division of Library and Documentation Systems from 1974 to 1976. (See also 3.6). (d) Self-teaching tools A collection of specific examples to encourage self-teaching is prepared ad hoc for newcomers to the System. Examples are accompanied by an Introduction to AGRIS input preparation, which guides participants in the use of AGRIS basic manuals. (e) Training by correspondence In addition to the self-teaching tools described above, newly joined AGRIS Centres are offered training by correspondence by the AGRIS Coordinating Centre in Rome. During the initial stage of their participation the input received in Rome is checked 100% against the fulltext document and detailed feed back is sent to the centres. Until this first input reaches an acceptable quality all input from new centres continues to be checked in Rome. Eventually input centres are authorized to forward their input directly to the AGRIS Input Unit in Vienna. 3.4.2. Coordination with AGRIS Participants Coordination between AGRIS participants and FAO is ensured in a number of ways, by (a) consultation (b) notification (c) meetings of AGRIS advisory bodies (a) Consultation In AGRIS, consultation takes place in the form of circular letters to participants and of ad hoc sessions on the occasion of international or multinational workshops, other meetings, or of training seminars organized by participants or by FAO. CIRCULAR LETTERS Are not issued in a regularly numbered series; however, from 1975 a number of circular letters have been sent by the Chief of the AGRIS Coordinating Centre, soliciting the comments and advice of interested participants on technical and operational problems arising in the 150 development of the system. They are circulated to all AGRIS Liaison Offices and Input Centres and to members of the AGRIS Panel of Experts (see (c)). Examples Second revision of AGRIS subject categories Experimental Commodities index in AGRINDEX MEETINGS Technical meetings were convened mainly in the past between 1970 and 1974 by FAO either at Headquarters in Rome or elsewhere to prepare for the AGRIS operational phase. In recent years, FAO governing bodies having instructed the FAO Director General to reduce the number of all FAO meetings, the AGRIS Coordinating Centre has tried to continue consultation with AGRIS participants in connection with other meetings, training seminars, FAO staff travel, or visits of AGRIS participants to FAO. The following are some of the occasions when group technical discussions with AGRIS participants have taken place: (i) International: 1975 Ankara, Turkey (Ist INIS/AGRIS Training Seminar) 1975 FAO, Rome (2nd AGRIS TROPICAL Consultation) 1975 FAO, Rome (2nd AGRIS Forestry Consultation) 1976 Vienna, Austria (2nd INIS/AGRIS International Training Seminar) 1976 Nancy, France (3rd AGRIS Forestry Consultation) (ii) Multinational: Central and South America: 1975 CIDIA, Costa Rica (Inter-American Training Course on AGRIS/AGRINTER) 1975 Mexico (Vth IAALD Congress) 1976 Brazil (AGR1NTER VIII Mesa Redonda) 1976 CIDIA. Costa Rica (ad hoc meeting with CIDIA) South-East Asia: 1975 A IBA, Philippines (AIBA/SEARCA Seminar) 1976 (AIBA/AGRIS Training Programme for SEA Countries) Europe: 1975 CEC, Luxembourg (EURAGR1S Workshop, March 20-21) 1975 (EURAGRIS Workshop, October 7-8) 1976 (EURAGRIS Workshop, April 7-8) 1978 (EURAGRIS Workshop, January 11-12) East Africa: 1977 CRIT, Nairobi, Kenya (Training Seminar on AGRIS and Related Agricultural Information Systems) U.S.A.: 1977 NAL, Washington, DC (Joint 1N1S/AGR1S ERDA/NAL Workshop) U.S.S.R.: 1976 Moscow, (UNISIST/DEVSIS/1NIS/AGRIS Consultation) AGRIS Participants' Consultation A Technical Consultation of Liaison Offices and Input Centres was held in March 1978 at FAO, Rome. (b) Notification AGRIS participants are informed about modifications in procedures and provided with statistical data and general news by various means. 151 CIRCULAR LETTERS The same system of letters described in (a) above is used to inform AGRIS participants on matters of general interest. Examples: - adoption of new ISO codes - recent developments in AGRIS (July 1976) - publication of AGRINDEX - evaluation of AGRIS - progress report and statistics (December 1976) - AGRIS Training Programme - staff changes TECHNICAL NOTES Seven circular letters in this series have been issued by the AGRIS Input Unit in Vienna to inform AGRIS participants of recurring types of errors, of minor modifications to the system, and of other aspects of input processing operations conducted in Vienna. STATISTICAL DATA Information on the total number of items processed, with breakdown by AGRIS input centre and percentages, is circulated to AGRIS participants at the end of each year together with a summary report of progress prepared by the Chief of the AGRIS Coordinating Centre (see above Circular Letters). TRN-RN CORRESPONDENCE LISTS Inform the inputter under which reference number his input has been published. This information is produced automatically during production of each issue of AGRINDEX and circulated immediately. References that have been rejected or withdrawn are brought to the attention of input centres, with explanations and request for re-submission where applicable. (c) AGRIS advisory bodies The Implementation Advisory Group (1AG) had recommended and the FAO Conference confirmed that representatives of contributing organizations and groups of users should be represented in the membership of AGRIS advisory committees. An AGRIS Panel of Experts met for the first time in July 1970 and its membership was renewed when AGRIS became operational. The Seventh and Eighth meetings of this Panel were held in 1975 and 1976: one is planned, subject to FAO Conference approval, for 1978 or 1979. 3.4.3. Processing (a) Input The main responsibility of FAO is the processing of AGRIS input. Input may be submitted in the form of input sheets or in machine-readable form. Input should be accompanied by an AGRIS input form listing the TRN's of items submitted. A copy of this input form is returned to the AGRIS input centre acknowledging the receipt of the data. Input received on input sheets is forwarded for keypunching, input on OCR sheets is converted by the OCR-reader to magnetic tape before computer processing, whereas magnetic tape input is immediately passed on for computer processing. During computer processing all input is reformatted to one internal working format, then checked for computer-detectable errors, and finally added to the AGRIS files of the current AGRIS cycle. A number of printouts are produced for checking by the staff of the AGRIS Input Unit. Input keyboarded at the IAEA is proofread carefully for keyboarding errors, whereas input received in machine-readable form is checked for computer-detected errors. All input, however, undergoes a subject categorization control check. For each batch of input a title check list is printed: titles arc listed in subject category order, accompanied by tag 008 (subject categories) and tag 620 (commodity and geographic codes) in code and text form. Obvious errors are corrected and doubtful cases are reported back to the inputting centres. The AGRIS Input Unit is well aware of the fact that any thorough checking is only possible when the full text or at 152 least the abstracts are available. However, the number of obvious typing errors or misunderstandings detected in practice appears to justify such a "mini-check" for improving the overall quality of the output product. (b) Output Production and Dispatch The addition of. new input and correction of data previously added to the system continues for about three weeks. About a week before AGRINDEX production the files are closed and only update runs arc executed. The production itself is initiated by the final check run, where an overall TRN duplication check is performed, and related TRN's are replaced, if relations to previous cycles have been indicated. The file containing all documents accepted by computer is sorted by subject category, within each category by first object code, and within each object code by first author. Subsequently, the final reference number (RN) is assigned, a 6-digit sequential number which is the only reference to a document once it has been published in AGRINDEX. Cross-references for related TRN's in the same issue, and for changed records, are replaced by the appropriate RN's. From then on, the temporary reference number (TRN) has lost its meaning. From the AGRINDEX file a photocomposition tape is produced containing the bibliography and the 4 indexes, and the AGRIS output tapes. 3.4.4. System Maintenance and Development The complexity of the AGRIS network and the extent of its scope are such that a system like this, similarly to INIS, can never be static or "frozen". (a) Standards and manuals (see' also 3.2.3) The recommendation of AGRIS advisory bodies that no major changes should be brought to the system in the three initial years of its operation has been adhered to with some exceptions resulting from the experience gained during 1975 and to accommodate the requirements of participants. The subject categorization scheme was expanded, the number of object and geographical codes is no longer limited, space for identifying individual countries in multinational networks was provided in the form of a sub-field of Tag 008; several minor improvements were brought to the matrices of bibliographic data elements. These modifications call i.a. for the continuous updating of manuals and authorities (see (3.2.3.)), the maintenance of which is ensured through periodic revisions of AGRIS Reference Series, or in the form of amendments supplementing the manuals until a revision is issued. Another aspect of system maintenance and development concerns the implementation of new standards. As in INIS, it has always been the basic principle of AGRIS to use international standards whenever possible. Only one ISO standard of interest to AGRIS was issued after the system had defined its rules - ISO 3166 (country codes) - and was adopted at the end of 1975. (b) New methods and equipment Since the AGRIS Input Unit is hosted at the INIS Section of the IAEA, new methods and equipment arc introduced into the AGRIS system in cooperation with INIS. In the past, the OCR technique was introduced for data input and proved especially successful, when input is prepared in developing countries. As mentioned in 2.4.2, the introduction of on-line data input at IAEA brought many advantages for in-house operation. 3.4.5. Computer Aspects (a) Local facilities AGRIS is processed at the computer installation of the IAEA, which was on IBM 370/145 with 192 K. (operating system OS) when AGRIS started. Since then the computer has been upgraded several limes (see 2.4.2. (a)). 153 (b) System aspects (see 2.4.2. (b)). (c) Routine tasks The AGRIS computer software has been developed from the 1N1S Software involving only some changes (e.g. bibliographic check program, title check list, AGRINDEX production). Wherever possible, INIS software is used for AGRIS. Routine processing is performed in the same way as INIS (see 2.4.2. (c)), except that no processing of index terms and abstracts is yet implemented. 3.4.6. Information Retrieval For the theoretical aspects of information retrieval see 2.4.4. p. 1 and 2. The genera] procedure for formulating a query should be as follows: - state the question as precisely as possible - define its limits (limits may concern the subject areas, language, country, publication dates, etc.) - consult FAO/AGRIS 3. (Rev. 1 and 2) for definition and scope descriptions of subject categories, object and geographical codes - consult appropriate scientific reference books for scientific names, synonyms, etc. if free-text-search on titles and title enrichments is to be performed. Retrieval can be carried out manually, i.e. from the printed version of AGRINDEX, or by computerized means. Manual searches (i) By category One way of searching, although very tedious, would be by direct scanning of appropriate subject categories (including relevant 'See also....' references). This method is likely to be time consuming, particularly for retrospective searches. With the publication, in 1978, of the AGRINDEX Cumulative Index for 1975-1977, this method for retrospective searches is made considerably easier. (ii) By commodity entry in the commodities index This method will only prove more successful if the user's interest lies in pure commodities. In order lo improve manual searching the commodities index has been provided with full titles, starting with Volume 2, issue II. An example of a commodities index is given in 3.2.1. Even when a user's profile can be expressed by subject categories and commodities, the manual searches can become very cumbersome, either because retrospective searches arc required or when the search logic becomes too complicated (e.g. several commodities are requested but several others are to be excluded or several subject categories are involved). Computerized searches In contrast to manual searches, a computerized search can cover a much greater volume of data and can execute a more sophisticated search strategy. The searchable AGRIS data elements will depend on the retrieval system available; only a few AGRIS tags are appropriate if the retrieval system requires a controlled vocabulary, whereas a retrieval system with free-text search capabilities allows searches on all data elements. (a) Local facilities Two retrieval systems have been tested by the AGRIS Input Unit in Vienna, the first one being IBM's IRMS (converted to OS by IAEA), the second IBM's STAIRS system. 154 IRMS (see 1AEA-183) IBM's Information Retrieval and Management System (IRMS) requires a controlled vocabulary. The following search points for searching the AGRIS data base with IRMS are available: - the subject category codes, object codes, geographical codes, - country code of input centre, type of record, literary indicators, - volume/issue number, and language of publication Descriptors (or pseudo descriptors) have been defined for all search points. Boolean operators are used to formulate a query. In order to keep the syntax for the query formulation as simple as possible, the user has to assemble the descriptors in groups, whereby all descriptors in a group are connected by one Boolean operator ('and' or 'or'). In the final formulation the different groups are themselves linked by the appropriate Boolean operators ('or', 'and' or 'not'). Examples of IRMS for the INIS data base are given in 2.4.4. IRMS is written in Assembler language and is therefore a very fast retrieval system. For INIS, due to • the index terms available for each document, it is a very effective system; for AGRIS, however, the IRMS system is only of limited value, because most user's profiles cannot be expressed using the search points available. STAIRS (see IAEA-191) When IBM's STorage And Information Retrieval System (STAIRS) was adapted for INIS by appropriate interface software, the same interface programs with small modifications, were used to prepare the AGRIS STAIRS data base. A short description of the capabilities of STAIRS is given in 2.4.4 (a). In the AGRIS implementation for STAIRS, all tags have been inverted, except non-English titles und the collation field (see Appendix 2-A.7 for several examples of STAIRS searches). (b) Retrieval service In 1976, a few SDI searches were made for two divisions of FAO, Rome, utilizing IRMS. Since February 1977 the complete AGRIS data base is accessible on-line via STAIRS, and is updated monthly to incorporate the latest issue of AGRINDEX. Since then, IRMS has been discontinued. Apart from SDI services for FAO users, a number of retrospective searches have been made upon request from participating countries. In addition, the AGRIS STAIRS data base has been used to generate statistics needed by the evaluation team (see 1.2.2.) in February 1977. In the telecommunications network of INIS (see 2.6. and 3.), the AGRIS data base is also available. (c) Training IRMS has been used in two seminars (Ankara, Turkey, 1975, and Los Banos, Philippines. 1976) for demonstration and teaching purposes, to familiarize the participants with the use of Boolean Algebra. At the seminar in Vienna, 1976, only STAIRS was used. In 1978, a number of training sessions have been held on dial-up access to INIS.and AGRIS via STAIRS as a part of the INIS/AGRIS Direct Access Project (see Fig.2.4.6-1). 3.5 Input of FAO Publications FAO is a UN Agency whose objective is to fight poverty, malnutrition and hunger in the world by improving the efficiency of production and distribution of food and other agricultural products. To fulfil these aims, FAO has developed an intensive programme of action and become, over the past two decades, an international centre of information on every aspect of agriculture, fisheries, forestry and nutrition. Its technical publications on these various topics include periodicals and annuals as well as monographs, manuals, meeting reports and papers, project reports and related field documents, glossaries, bibliographies, maps, etc. These amount 155 to approximately 3500 items per year most of which (around 90%) are non-conventional literature. Input is prepared by the Documentation Processing Section of the FAO Library, the AGRIS international Input Centre, on standard worksheets in the AGRIS cataloguing format but processed by the ISIS (International Scientific Information System) software to constitute the FAO Bibliographic Master File. Each month, 90% of this input is validated through the AGRIS software and sent on tape to the AGRIS Input Unit in Vienna for inclusion in AGRINDEX. To recapitulate 1. FAO input is ~3500 items/year, with up to 90% from non-conventional literature. 2. FAO input is 3.8% of the total AGRIS input. 3.6 Organization and Staffing of AGRIS Coordinating Centre at FAO in Rome and Vienna The AGRIS Coordinating Centre belongs to the Systems and Projects Development Branch of the Library and Documentation Systems Division which forms part of the Department of General Affairs and Information. The Chief of the AGRIS Coordinating Centre supervises the various operations consisting essentially of the work of the professional and of the clerical FAO staff stationed in Rome and in Vienna at the AGRIS Input Unit. A number of consultants from the International Development Research Centre of Canada are also working at FAO Headquarters in Rome for AGRIS. For details on the INIS component of the AGRIS Input Unit see 2.5. 3.7 Plans for the future The following developments are planned through 1979-80: - expansion and revision of the Commodity Codes - development of an AGRIS multilingual controlled vocabulary - updating of some basic manuals and issuance of new ones for corporate names and for names of countries - international training seminars - consultative meetings with AGRIS Liaison Offices and Input Centres - establishment of a microfiche service for AGRIS non- conventional documents - development of a full AGRIS training package - publication of a joint UNISIST/INIS/AGRIS introductory guide to information work - experiments towards the development of an on-line network, in collaboration with INIS. 156 Appendix 3-A.l Availability and Cost of AGRIS Services 1. AGRINDEX Available to the public on annual subscription from: AP1MOND1A St. Pitar Mos, No. 20 Bucharest, Romania or APIMONDIA Corso Vitlorio Emanuele 101 00186 Rome, Italy Subscription rate for 1977, U.S. S250 per year, or the equivalent in national currency. Reduced rate for bulk subscriptions, U.S. $150 per year. BACK ISSUES Back copies of AGRINDEX published since January 1975 are still available. Price per issue: Vol. 1, 1975, US $2.50 Vol. 2, 1976, US $6.50 Orders should be sent to: Distribution and Sales Section Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Via délie Terme di Caracalla 00100 Rome, Italy 2. AGRIS MAGNETIC TAPE SERVICE This monthly service, providing AGRIS magnetic tapes containing all records submitted to the system, is available only to AGRIS participants through their designated Liaison Offices. National AGRIS centres in many countries are utilizing these tapes in the provision of national information services. Interested persons are requested to contact their national AGRIS Liaison Offices, which are listed in the following pages. 3. HOW TO OBTAIN ORIGINAL MATERIAL CITED IN AGRINDEX Literature of the "conventional" type, i.e. material available through normal distribution channels (for example books, atlases, journal articles, etc.) should be obtainable through - local library sources; - national libraries and documentation centres; - member libraries of the Aglinei system. Literature of the non-conventional type, i.e. material not usually available through normal distribution channels (for example technical reports), should be obtainable through the organization which is indicated by an asterisk '(*) in the last part of an entry in the main section of AGRINDEX. 157 AGLINET ("Worldwide Network of Agricultural Libraries) The primiry aims oi AgUnet are: To promote mutual and rational exploitation of library resources for the benefit of the world's agricultural development through system atic collaboration among agricultural libraries for the efficient provision of an inter-library loan service (including photo-reproduction) and bibliographic information. The network consists of a chain of major agricultural libraries in each region or country of the world supported by the international centre, FAO. At present the agricultural libraries listed below have joined the network. AFRICA Ministry of Agriculture. Fisheries & Food, Library International Institute of Tropical Agriculture Library Í Whitehall Place (West Block), LONDON, SW1A 2HH, England Documentation Center Cable address: Agrififood London, UK. Telex code: 22124 Oyo Road, P.M.B. 5320, IBADAN, Nigeria Cable aodrtsv. TROrTOUTSu, Ikeja Zcntralbibliothek der Landbauwissenschaft, Universitäts-Bibliothek East African Agriculture & Forestry Research Organization/East D - 53 Bonn 1 / Germany, Meckenheimer Allee 172, Postfach 264 African Veterinary Research Organization Library P.O. Box 30148, NAIROBI, Kenya Cable address: 'AGFORORG* Telex code: 990 NORTH AMERICA National Agricultural Library, U.S. Department of Agriculture ASIA 10301 Baltimore Blvd., BeltsvUle, Maryland 20705, U.S.A. Lembaga Perpustakaan Biologt dan Pertanian "Bibliotheca Telex code: (TWX) 710-828-0506 USDA-NAL Bogoriensis" Jalan Ir. Haji Juanda 20, BOGOR, Indonesia The International Rice Research Institute Library & Documentation SOUTH AMERICA Centre Biblioteca Central do Ministerio da Agricultura 1RRI, P.O. Box 933, Manila, Philippines AV. W-3 Norte, Quadra 515, Lote 3, Caixa Postal 04-0019, Cable address: RICEFOUND Manila 70.000 Brasilia, DF, Brasil Telex code: 061-1337 EUROPE Library of the Agricultural University Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical — Library Gen. Foulkesweg 1A, WAGENINGEN, Netherlands Apartado Aereo 6713, CALI, Colombia Telex code: 45015 blhwg nl. Cable address: CINATROP. Telex code: S 7-69, Cali, Colombia Swedish University of Agriculture, Forestry & Veterinary Medicine. Inter-American Centre of Agricultural Documentation & Information Ultuna Library - Library S - 750 07 UPPSALA 7 c/o Instituto Interamericano de Ciencias Agrícolas de la OEA; Telex code 760 62 ULTB1BL S Apartado 10281 San Jose, Costa Rica Designated as the Liaison Centre for the four Scandinavian Cable address UCA-C1D1A, San Jose, Costa Rica libraries, each of which operates independently in the Telex code: CR 144 IICA AGLINET System. Other National Centres in this regions are: Biblioteca Central Facultad de Agronomía - Universidad de Helsinki University Library of Agriculture Buenos Aires Viikki. SF-00710 Helsinki 71, Finland Avda. San Martin 4453, 1417 Buenos Aires, Argentina Telex code: 122352 HYMK SF Telex code: 012-1423 ARBOCER-S1AG (Servicio de Información Library of the Agricultural University of Norway Agrícola) N-1432 As-NLH, Norway The Danish Veterinary & Agricultural Library. The Royal INTERNATIONAL CENTRE Veterinary & Agricultural University Food & Agriculture Organization, David Lubin Memorial Library Biilowsvej 13, DK-1870 KfSbenhaven V., Denmark Via délie Terme di Caracalla, 00100 Rome, Italy Telex code: 15061 dvjibib dk Cable address FOODAGR1 Rome. Telex code: 61181 FOODAGRI 158 3-A.2 Appendix CENTRES PARTICIPATING IN AGRIS CENTRES PARTICIPANT A AGRIS CENTROS PARTICIPANDO EN AGRIS AU • CSIRO Informai ion Service LY - Agricultural Research Centre Netherlands. UK P.O. Box 89 c/o UNDP East Melbourne. Vic. 3002 - Australia P.O. Box 358 National institutions providing input: Tripoli - Libya BG • National Centre for Scientific and Belgium Technical Information in Agriculture. MA - Centre National de Documentation Bibliothèque Food Industry and Forestry SC. Zankat Mostaghancm Faculte des Sciences 'Agronomiques de Agricultural Academy "Georgt Dimitrov" B.P, 826, Rabat - Morocco l'Etat 6 Dragan Tsankov Bvd. B-5800 Gcmbtoux Sofia - Bulgaria NG • Agricultural Research Council of Nigeria Moor Plantation Denmark BR - Empresa Brasilcira de Assistencia Técnica P.M.B. 53R2 e Euenwo Rural (EMBRAHiR} Ibadan - Nigeria Denmark* Veienn-iT- og Sistema Nacional de Informacao e Jordhrugshibliotek Documenlacao Agrícola NO - Library of the Agricultural University of Den kgl. Vcterinaer- og Landbohoejskole Caita Postal 04-00)9 Norway Butlern svej 13 70000 Brasilia. D.F. - Brazil N-I432 As-NLH - Norway 1870 Copenhagen 5 France CA - Library Division NZ • Central Library AGRIDOC Agriculture Canada Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries Institut National de la Recherche K.IA OC5 Ottawa. Ontario - Canada P.O. Box 2298 Agronomique Wellington - New Zealand Route de Saint-Cvr CS - Ustav Vedeckotcchnickych Informad 78000 Versailles " Ministcrstvo Zemcdelstvi a Vyzivy CSSR PL - Akademta Rolnicza we Wrocklawiu Slczska 7. Praha 2 - Czechoslovakia ul. CK. Norwida Germany. F.R. 50-375 Wroclaw - Poland Zentralstelle fuer Agrardokumcntation und CV • Agricultural Research Institue -information Ministry of Agriculture and Natural RO - Oficiul de Informare Documentara pentru Hcerstr. 110 Resources Agricultura si Industria Alimentara Nicosia - Cyprus Bv. Ma rast i 61 53 Bonn - Bad Godesberg Bucuresti 33 - Romania DZ -Centre National de Documentation Ireland Economique et Sociale SE - Ultunabibliotekct An Foros Taluntais Secretariat d'Etat au Plan Jordbrukets Hocgskolcr och SVA 19 Sandymount Avenue B.P.478S S-75007 L'ppsala 7 - Sweden Dublin 4 Alger - Algeria Italy SU - Ail-Union Institute of Scientific and Istituto di Técnica e Propaganda Agraria EG - Foreign Agricultural Relations Department Technical Information and Economic Via Caio Mario. 27 Ministry of Agriculture and Land Research in Agriculture Roma Reclamation Orlikov per. I/ll Nadi El-Seid St.. Dokki. Cairo - Egypt Moskva 1-139 - USSR Luxembourg (Gr.-Duche) Administration des Services Techniques de ES • Inst iluto Nacional de Investigaciones TN * Centre de Documentation Agricole l'Agriculture Agrarias 43 Avenue Charles Nicolle. ( I NAT) P.O.Box 1904 Centro de Enlace AGRIS Le Belvedere 16. rte d'Esch Oral. Sanjurjo, 56 Tunis - Tunisia Luxembourg Madrid 3 - Spain US • National Agricultural Library Netherlands Fl - Helsinki University Library of Agriculture United Slates Department of Agriculture PUDOC Viikki. SF-00710 Helsinki 71 - Finland Beltsville, Maryland 20705 - USA Centre for Agricultural Publishing and Documentation HU - AGROINFORM - Mczogazdasagi es XB • Agricultural Information Bank for Asia P.O. Box 4 Elelmezesugyi Ministerium (AIBA) South-East Asian Regional Wageningen Informados Ko* pon (ja Centre for Graduate Study and Research Attila Ut 93 in Agriculture (SEARCA) UK Budapest 13 - Hungary College. Laguna 3720 - Philippines Systems Group Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux IL - Agricultural Research Organization Farnham House P.O. Box 6 Input from the following countries and Farnham Royal Bet Dagan - Israel territory is being submitted through this Slough SL2 3 BN organization: IN • Agricultural Research Information Centre Bangladesh, Indonesia. Mataysia. XF - Food and Agriculture Organization of the Indian Council of Agricultural Research Philippines, Republic of Korea, United Nations IARS Buildings, Library Avenue Singapore, Sri-Lanka, Thailand and Hong Library and Documentation Systems New Delht-ll00t2 - India Kong Division Via délie Terme di Caracalta, Rome - IQ - Iraqi Scientific Documentation Centre XE - European Communities through the Italy Abu-Nawas Street Commission of the European P.O. Box 2441 Communities DG XIII Scientific and Baghdad - trap, Technical Information and Information Input from the following institute is being Management submitted through this organization: JP - Investigation and Information Division Bâtiment Jean Monnet International Livestock Centre for Africa, Agriculture. Forestry and Fisheries Avenue de Gasperi Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Research Council Secretariat Kirchberg, Luxembourg - Grand Duche Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry de Luxembourg XL • Inter-American Centre for Agricultural Tokyo - Japan Documentation and Information {1 ntdr- American Institute of Agricultural Input from the following countries is Sciences) being submitted through this Apartado 10281 organization: San Jose - Costa Rica Belgium, Denmark. France. Germany F.R., Ireland. Italy, Luxembourg, 159 CENTRES PARTICIPATING IN AGRIS Input from the following countries is XV Centre de Documentation de being submitted through this l'Organisation pour la Mise en Valeur organiza! inn: du Fleuve Senegal Argentina". Bolivia", Chile', Col^-ibia*. Saint-Louis - Senegal Costa Rica. Cuba. Dominican Republic. Ecuador*. El Salvador*, Cuadetoupe. Guatemala. Guyana, Haiti*, Honduras*. Input from the following countries is Jamaica*. Mexico*. Nicaragua*. Panama. being submitted through ihix Paraguay. Peru*. Trinidad and Tobago*. organization: Uruguay*. Venezuela* Mali. Mauritania. Senegal " National institutions providing input: YU -Savczni Centar za Obrazovanje Rukovodecih Argentina Kadrova u Poljoprivrcdi i Industriji Biblioteca Central de la Facultad de 2100 Novi Sad - Yugoslavia Agronomia Universidad de Buenos Aires ZM - Library Department of Agriculture Bolivia Research Branch Biblioteca Central, Ministerio de Asuntos Mount Makulu Research Station Campesinos y Agropecuarios. La Paz P.O. Box 7 Chilanga - Zambia Chile Biblioteca ZR - Centre dc Documentation Agricole Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias BP 7537 (INI A) Kinshasa 1 - Zaire Santiago Colombia Biblioteca Agropecuaria de Colombia Instituto Colombiano Agropecuario, Bogota Ecuador Biblioteca "Perez Guerrero" Facultad de Ingeniería Agronómica y Medicina Veterinaria Universidad Central, Quito El Salvador Biblioteca, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas Universidad de El Salvador. San Salvador Haiti Bibliothèque de la Faculte d'Agronomie et de Médecine Vétérinaire Damien, Port-au-Prince Honduras Centro de Documentación e Información Agrícola. Secretaria de Estado de Recursos Naturales Apartado 3(W. Tegucigalpa. D.C. Jamaica Library Ministry of Agriculture P.O. Box 480 Kingston Mexico Biblioteca Agrícola Nacional. Plan Chapingo Apartado Postal 6-882, Mexico 6, D.F. Nicaragua Biblioteca, Escuela Nacional de Agricultura y Ganaderia Managua D.N. Peru Biblioteca Agricota Nacional Universidad Nacional Agraria, La Molina, Lima Trinidad and Tobago Library University of the West Indies St. Augustine, Trinidad, W.I. Uruguay Sistema de Información Agrícola de Uruguay Centro de Investigaciones Agrícolas "Alberto Boerger". Montevideo Venezuela Servicios de Biblioteca y Documentación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Agropecuarias - CENIAP Apartado 4653, M a ra cay 160 3-A.3 Appendix AGRIS LIAISON OFFICES BUREAUX DE LIAISON AVEC AGRIS LISTA DE LAS OFICINAS DE ENLACE DE AGRIS * Input from these countries is co-ordinated and processed through the CIDST/Agricultural Working roup of the Co m misión of the European Communities. ** Input from these countries is coordinated and processed through the Inter-American Centre for Agricultural Documentation and Information (Inter- American Institute for Agricultural Sciences). ARGENTINA CHILE •• GERMANY. F.R. • Biblioteca Central de ta Facultad de Agronomía Biblioteca Central Zentralstelle fuer Agrardokumcniatïon und - Universidad de Buenos Aires Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias information Avda. San Martin 4453 Casilla 5427 Heerstr. U0 1417 Buenos Aires. Argentina Santiago, Chile 53 Bonn - B;id Godesberg, Germany, F.R. AUSTRALIA COLOMBIA •• GUATEMALA ** Officer-in-charge Oficina de Planeamiento del Sector Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología Agrícolas Central Information. Library and Editorial Agropecuario Galerías Espana 5* Piso Section Ministerio de Agricultura 7a. Av. 11-59. Zona 9 CSIRO Head Office Kra. 10a No.20-30 Guatemala. CA- Guatemala P.O. Box 225 Bogota, Colombia GUYANA ** Dickson A.C.T. 2602. Australia CYPRUS Principal Agricultural Officer (Crop Science) Agricultural Research Institute Central Agricultural Station AUSTRIA Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources Mon Repos Chairman. Austrian National FAO Committee Nicosia, Cyprus Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry East Coast Dem erara. Guyana Stubenring CZECHOSLOVAKIA 1010 Vienna, Austria Institute for Scientific and Tech ni cat HAITI '* BANGLADESH Information of the Ministry of Agriculture Bibliothèque de la Faculte d'Agronomie et de BAN S DOC (Bangladesh National Scientific and and Food Médecine Vétérinaire Technical Documentation Centre) Slezska 7 Port-au-Prince, Haiti Science Laboratories Praha 2, Vinohrady. Czechoslovakia HONDURAS •* Dacca-5. Bangladesh Centro de Documentación e Información DENMARK * Agrícola BELGIUM * Dan marks Veterinacr- og Jordbrugsbibliotek Dirección Generat de Desarrollo Agropecuario Bibliothèque Den kgl. Veterinacr- og Landbohnejskole Secretaria de Estado Faculte des Sciences Agronomiques de l'Etat, Buclowsvej 13 Tegucigalpa, D.C., Honduras B-5800 Gcmbloux 1870 Copenhagen 5, Denmark HUNGARY BENIN DOMINICAN R. ** AGROINFORM - Mezogazdasagi es Directeur des Etudes et de la Planification Secretaria de Agricultura Etclmezcsugyi Minisztcrium Ministère du Développement Rural et de Centro de los Heroes Informados Kozpontja l'Action Cooperative Santo Domingo. Dominican Republic Attila Ut 93 Cotonou. République Populaire du Benin Budapest 13, Hungary ECUADOR BOLIVIA • • Division de Agricultura INDIA Oficina de Información y Divulgación Técnica Junta Nacional de Planificación Director Ministerio de Agricultura y Ganadería Quito. Ecuador Institute of Agricultural Research Statistics Biblioteca Central del Ministerio de Agricultura Indian Council of Agricultural Research y Ganadería EGYPT Library Avenue Av. Camacho 1471 Foreign Agricultural Relations Department New Delhi 110012. India La Paz, Bolivia Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation Nadi El-Seid St. INDONESIA BRAZIL Dokki, Cairo, Egypt The Indonesian National FAO Committee Empresa Brasíleira de Assistcncia Técnica e Department of Agriculture Extcnsao Rural (EMBRATER) ETHIOPIA , Jalan Imam Bonjol 29 Sistema Nacional de In forma cao e General Manager Jakarta. Indonesia Documentacao Agrícola Institute of Agricultural Research Caíxa Postal 04-0019 P.O. Box 2003 IRAN 70000 Brasilia, D.F.. Brazil Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Bureau for Centralizing and Coordinating Agricultural Research BULGARIA FINLAND Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources National Centre for Scientific and Technical Helsinki University Library of Agriculture Tehran, Iran Information in Agriculture. Food Industry Viikki and Forestry SF-00710 Helsinki 71. Finland IRAQ Agricultural Academy "Georgi Dimitrov™ Documentation Centre 6 Dragan Tsankov Bvd FRANCE * Foundation of Scientific Research Sofia, Bulgaria AGR1DOC Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Research CAMEROON Route de Saint-Cyr Baghdad, Iraq Direction de la Recherche Scientifique et 78000 Versailles, France Technique IRELAND * M inistere du Plan et de l'Aménagement du GABON Irish National FAO Committee Territoire Inspecteur General Departement of Agriculture Yaounde. Cameroon Ministère de l'Agriculture Agriculture House Comité National FAO Kildare Street CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC B.P. 551 Dublin 2, Ireland Bureau d'Etude et de Coordination (BEC) Libreville, Gabon Ministère de l'Agriculture, du Tourisme, des Eaux. Forets, Chasses et Peches Bangui, Central African Republic 161 AGRIS LIAISON OFFICES ISRAEL NEW ZEALAND SWEDEN Agricultural Research Organization Central Library Ultunahiblioieket P.O. Bo* 6 Ministry of AgricuH'Jir a: à Fisheries ,f>rdbrukel* Hocgskolor och SVA Bel Dagan, Israel H.U Box 22$* S-750 07 tlppala 7. Sweden Wellmeion. N*,*vv 7miand ITALY * SWITZERLAND Mtnivtero del .'Agricultura e delle Foreste NIGERIA Station Federate de Recherches d'Economie Otrewnc Generale Produñone Agrícola Ayriicîr^T^"' Ravwch CO'JTCÜ of Nigeria D'Entreprise et de Genie Rural Div. 7a - InT. e Dtv. CIî*v?;-> Tucnikon TG. Switzerland Via XX Setiembre. 20 P.M.F 3382 Roma. Italy tbiidan. Nigeria THAILAND Thai national Documentation Centre JAMAICA NORWAY r*hahonyoihin Road. Bangkhcn Library Library of the Agricultural UriiverV;y cif Hcngkok 9, Thailand Mirmtry of Agriculture Norway P.O.Box 480 N-1432 As-NLH, Norway TOGO Kingston. Jamaica Centre de Documentation Technique au PAKISTAN Ministère du Plan JAPAN Documentation Centre Lome, Togo Investigation and Information Division Agricultural Research Council Agriculture. Forestry and Fisheries Research Ministry of Food and Agriculture TRINIDAD and TOBAGO •• Council Secretarial Government of Pakistan Library Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry Karachi. Pakistan University of the West Indies 1-2-1 Kasumigasekj St Augustine. Trinidad and Tobago Chiyoda-Ku PERU ** Tük)i>. Japan Centro Je Documentación TUNISIA Núcleo Basteo del Peru al Sistema Centre National de Documentation Agricole KENYA Interamerícuno de Información para las 5 rue de Hollande Officer in Charge Ciencias Agrícolas ( AG R ÍNTER) Tunis. Tunisia National Agricultural Documentation Centre Ministerio de Agricultura Ministry nf Agriculture Lima. Peru TURKEY P.O. Box 30028 General Secretary Nairobi. Kenya PHILIPPINES Turkish National FAO Committee Library Ministry of Food. Agriculture . and Animal LEBANON University of the Philippines at Los Banos Husbandry Centre de Documentation et d'Information College, Laguna 3720. Philippines Nekati Bey Cmkfesi 9S/7 Scientifique du Conseil National de la Yenisehir Recherche Scientifique POLAND Ankara. Turkey BP. 11.8281 Akademia Rolnicza vvc W rock la* in Beyrouth, Lebanon u|. C.K. Norwida UK * 50-375 Wroclaw. Poland Chief Librarian LIBERIA Ministry of Agriculture. Fisheries and Food Ministry of Agriculture ROMANIA 3-8 Whitehall Place Monrovia, Liberia Academtei dc Stiinie Agricole si Sîlvice London SW1A 2HH, England Bv. Marasti 61 William R. Tolbcrt College of Agriculture and Bucurcsti 33. Romania URUGUAY Forestry Sistema de Información Agrícola dc Uruguay University of Liberia SAUDI ARABIA Centro dc Investigaciones Agrícolas "Alberto Monrovia, Liberia Director General Bocrger" Research and Development Dept. Casilla de Correos 1217 LUXEMBOURG (Gr.-Duche) * Ministry of Agriculture Montevideo. Uruguay Administration des Services Techniques de Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia l'Agriculture USA P.O.Box 1904 SENEGAL National Agricultural Library 16. rte d'Esch Chef de Service de la Documentation dc United States Department of Agriculture Luxembourg. Luxembourg (Gr-Duche) l'Office National de Cooperation et Belisville. Maryland 20705. U.S.A. d'Assistance (ONCAD) MADAGASCAR Ministère du Développement Rural YUGOSLAVIA Service de la Documentation SP. 29 Institute Boris Kidric Centre National de la Recherche Appliquée au Dakar. Senegal PO Box 522 Développement Rural (CENRADERU) Tananarive. Madagascar SIERRA LEONE 11001 Bcograd. Yugoslavia Rice Research Station MALAYSIA Rokupr, Sierra Leone ZAIRE Director General Centre de Documentation Agricole National Library Malaysia SPAIN B.P. 7537 Ist Floor Wisma Thakurdas/Sachdev Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agrarias Kinshasa I, Zaire Jalan Raja Laut Avda. Puerta de Hierro s/n ZAMBIA Kuala. Malaysia Madrid 3. Spain Library Department of Agriculture MALTA SRI LANKA Research Branch Department of Agriculture and Fisheries Director of Agriculture (Research) Mount Makulu Research Station Valletta. Malta Department of Agriculture P.O Box 7 Peradeniya, Sri Lanka Chilanga, Zambia MEXICO Biblioteca Agrícola Nacional SUDAN Apartado Postal 6-882 Director Mexico 6. D.F.. Mexico Agricultural Research Corporation Wad Medani. Sudan MOROCCO Centre National de Documentation SWAZILAND SC. Zankat Mostaghanem Secretary, Agricultural Sub-Committee BP. 826 National Research Council Rabat. Morocco Malkerns Research Station P.O. Box 4 NETHERLANDS ' Malkerns, Swaziland PUDOC Centre for Agricultural Publishing and Documentation P.O. Box 4 Wageningen. Netherlands 162 PART 4. THE INIS AND AGRIS COMPUTER SYSTEM V. Dragulev IAEA H. Schmid FAO G. iimukhïn IN. Christov D.K. White G. Schallaboeck L.D. Watson L.A. Warner IAEA 4. The INIS and AGRIS Computer System 4.1 Introduction " INIS The first issue of INIS Atomindex appeared in May 1970. It was processed by an IBM 360, model 30 computer (64 K.), with DOS operating system. Since then, the INIS computer system has grown extensively. The evolution of INIS Atomindex from a periodic bibliography to an abstracts journal has involved vast changes in the existing computer programs and the addition of a considerable number of new routines. The system has been extended to include checking programs for subject indexing with main headings and qualifiers as well as-for abstracts. In addition, further preparative and printing programs for diverse authority lists and indexes have been developed. The INIS data security system also needed to be extended, and a number of statistical programs developed. These developments were feasible since the Agency's computer installation and pertinent equipment had become more sophisticated and larger. In 1973, the IBM 360/30 computer was replaced by an IBM 370, model 145 computer (128 K), with OS (later OS/VSI) operating system, which necessitated the conversion and redesign of the INIS computer system from DOS to OS. Subsequently, the computer was upgraded to 768 K, and large disk units (200 megabytes) were installed. The large storage capacity thus available permitted the INIS computer system to become more flexible and effective. Features important for the input stage are the acquisition by the IAEA of the on-line data entry and update software ATMS and the Optical Character Recognition system. The IAEA had made use of external photocomposition facilities for the production of the printed INIS products, prior to the availability of its own installation. As from November 1977, INIS Atomindex and all related publications are photocomposed at the Agency's photocomposition system D1GISET 40T20. In June 1977, the computer installation was upgraded to an IBM 370. model 158 (3000 K.), supplemented by an additional number of disk units. Work was started in 1978 within the Information Systems Group of the IAEA Computer Section to review the existing processing system and prepare a new design which meets both the IAEA's present and future needs, as far as the latter can be identified. The new design will make a more effective use of the IAEA's present hardware and software resources, including teleprocessing. It will, however, include all the major features itemised in this part. AGRIS In 1973, AGRIS produced an experimental issue at the IAEA by using the INIS computer software. In 1974, it was decided to start production on an operational basis. The INIS 163 computer programs had to be adapted to reflect the rules specific for AGRIS, and in November 1974 the first issue of AGRINDEX was produced. 4.2 Input of Documents and Checking Cycle Information from contributing centres is submitted on input worksheets, OCR sheets, punched paper tape, or magnetic tape. From the viewpoint of computer processing there are actually two input formats only: Format 1 : the worksheet format consisting of the tag number and the text, with continuation lines for the text if it is longer than a defined limit Format 2: the magnetic tape format which conforms to ISO standard 2709 (1973). Format I applies to the worksheets after keyboarding, OCR sheets, punched paper tape, and paper tape image on magnetic tape, in contrast to Format 2, the "true" magnetic tape format; The keyboarding of input worksheets may be done on any input device with an upper- lower case character set. In the many years of INIS operation the following devices have been used (in 'historical' order): FRIDEN flexowritcr, IBM MB 72 (which produces cartridges which are then converted to magnetic tape), preparation of OCR sheets, and on-line data entry with ATMS (Advanced Text Management System, a program product of IBM). At present, only the last two options remain in use for INIS and AGRIS for in-housc data entry. The machine-readable data (recorded cither in one of the two formats on magnetic tape or on disk, if it comes from on-line data entry) are first converted into an internal working file. For AGRIS, one logical record (variable length records) is created for each document, whereas for INIS one logical record each is generated for the bibliographic data, linked groups of indexed descriptors, and the abstracts. The data arc processed in batches, whereby the processing of one batch is referred to as a "run". Each run in automatically assigned a serial number by computer, the so-called run number, which - together with the Temporary Reference Number (TRN) - is the primary key to locating the document subsequently. The conversion step is followed by a series of checking programs. The first checking program is a check for any duplicate TRN in the same batch or amongst those already processed through the system. Duplicate entries are immediately eliminated. The internal working file is then processed by the various checking programs, whereby the bibliographic check programs only access the bibliographic records, the indexing check programs the indexing records (INIS only), and the abstract-handling programs the abstract records (INIS only). Whereas some of the check programs print their own error checklist, all of them issue error codes to an error code file, which makes it possible to print each document of a batch on the final master list with a detailed summary of the corresponding computer-detected errors. At the end of a checking cycle several files are maintained. They are always updated to the latest status of all material in the checking cycle received and processed up to a certain date. • For INIS, 8 files are maintained, but only 5 for AGRIS: - bibliographic file, containing all formally correct bibliographic records (i.e. records in which the computer did not detect any bibliographic errors): - the bibliographic error file, containing bibliographic records in which the computer detected al least one bibliographic error; 164 - the error code file, containing the error codes for records on the bibliographic error file: - the control and statistic file, which contains statistical data (e.g. present volume/issue number, maximum issues per year, last run number used, etc.); and - the TRN check file, containing a list of all TRN's in the checking cycle (used for the duplication check). The following additional 3 files apply to INIS only: - the indexing file, containing all index terms without computer-detectable errors: - the indexing error file, containing all index terms which need special attention (wrong main header/qualifier relation, index term not found in thesaurus, proposed term, etc.); and - the abstracts file, containing all abstracts entered into the system. For 1N1S. the system a'iso offers considerable flexibility, e.g. the abstracts may be entered separately from the bibliographic and indexing parts. This provides for input centres which submit bibliographic and indexing information on magnetic tape, but abstracts on OCR sheets. The system is designed in such a way that, if the bibliographic error file (and the indexing error file for INIS) are kept reasonably small, access to these files is comparatively easy and fast. , It is also possible to update the other files, i.e. the bibliographic file, the indexing, and the abstract files, but this operation is more time-consuming. All corrections are done by batch, i.e. each batch is corrected independently from the others, although several batches are processed by one computer run. Any updated records are routed again to the relevant check programs to validate the corrections performed. At the end of each cycle (after 2 weeks for 1NIS and 4 weeks for AGRIS) several programs synchronize the set of checking files and produce the INIS Atomindex or AGRINDEX file. Erroneous documents are not released for inclusion in the output products. They remain on the set of checking files for treatment in the next checking cycle, whereas documents included in the output products are eliminated from the set of checking files. Immediately after INIS Atomindex and AGRINDEX production, the sets of checking files are adjusted so that new input can be accepted. The general flowchart for the INIS checking cycle is shown in Fig.4.0-1. 4.2.1. Bibliographic Check Programs There are several programs which validate the bibliographical correctness of a document, the main one being an Assembler routine which checks if the record follows the INIS Descriptive Cataloguing Rules (IAEA-INIS-1) or the AGRIS Bibliographic Guidelines (FAO/AGRIS 4). respectively. The following checks are performed: - header checks: all entries in the worksheet header are checked for validity; - matrix check: the tagging scheme is checked against the matrices of bibliographic elements, on the basis of the type of record, bibliographic levels and literary indicators; - syntax check of data elements: all data elements arc checked forvalid character set, balanced parentheses (square and round brackets), valid endings, etc. Certain data elements, for which a precise structure is defined, e.g. personal authors, 165 166 affiliations, dales, report numbers, etc.. are tested to ensure that they match the defined structure; - for AGRIS. the validation of object and geographical codes, as well as of the subject categories is also done in this program. Furthermore, when data elements contain a country name (serial tille tags, corporate entries, etc.), the name is checked against a table of countries; - for INIS. it is necessary to check corporate authors and standardised affiliations, the journal titles, and the report number prefixes against the appropriate authority files. The bibliographic check program therefore combines corporate entries, journal titles and report number prefixes into a working file which, after sorting, is routed to an authority file check program. This program matches the entries of- the input batch against the authority files published in 1AEA-INIS-6 and 1AEA- INIS-ll, and issues error codes if applicable. At the same time, the authority check lists are produced which are used by the person responsible fo.r authority file maintenance to update the input or the authority files.respectively (e.g. for new corporate authors). The description of related computer programs is given in more detail in 1AEA-1NIS-14, paragraphs 2.2.1 to 2.2.5. 4.2.2. Categorization Check Program (AGRIS only) Since AGRIS does not offer indexing in depth, the access terms to subject contents arc the following: - titles and title enrichment - subject category codes - object codes - - geographic codes An attempt is therefore made to eliminate the mosl glaring mistakes in a batch of input documents (mispunched subject category codes or object codes, which are not detected in the validation program, e.g. EOO instead of F00) and to have some control over the consistency of assigned object and geographical codes and the title enrichments. A program lists all English titles of an input balch by subject categories and first object codes: it also lists subject categories, and object and geographical codes. The program further expands the object and geographical codes to their text equivalent, and flags them by an asterisk if they are also found in the title. It is planned to expand the program for synonyms as well. This list is now checked manually and errors are corrected; doubtful cases arc referred back to the input centre. 4.2.3. Indexing Checking Cycle (INIS only) For a detailed description of the indexing rules, see IAEA-INIS-12. (a) General Each document introduced into the INIS system contains indexing elements. These elements consist of the subject category code(s) and the indexing descriptors. These indexing elements are processed separately and independently from the rest of the information in the document. The indexing checking cycle programs extract the indexing elements from each new document, validate them, and store them in one of two files. The "good" file contains the indexing elements belonging to documents for which no indexing errors have been found. The "bad" file contains all the indexing elements belonging to documents 'with detected indexing errors. A printed report is produced, identifying the errors that have been detected. This report is studied by the 1N1S Subject Specialists who decide on the corrections required. Once these have been made all the indexing elements for corrected documents are validated once more. Those documents which are now error-free are transferred from the "bad" file to the "good" 167 file. There may be some documents which arc still in error after "correction", and these documents remain on the "bad" file until subsequent successful corrections permit their transfer to the "good" file. When an issue of INIS Atomindcx is due to be produced, only documents with indexing elements on the indexing "good" file are eligible for inclusion. Those on the "bad" file arc retained for correction, and for inclusion in a subsequent issue. It is, of course, possible that a document on the "good" file still cannot be included even then if, for example, the document has not been passed as error-free by the bibliographic checking cycle. In this case it will merely remain on the "good" indexing file, until eventually selected for a subsequent issue. One additional function of the indexing checking cycle is to select documents for quality control checks. Documents are selected at random (by Monte Carlo method) and printed for analysis by the INIS Subject Specialists. The intention is to monitor the correct usage of the indexing elements. This has to be done manually by a specialist because, while the computer system can, for example, detect incorrectly spelt descriptors, it cannot determine whether a correctly spelt descriptor used for a particular document is, in fact, the appropriate descriptor for that document. (b) The Indexing Checking Processes Indexing elements and the title, as well as any title augmentation, are extracted from each new document introduced into the INIS System. A number of records are created from one document; each record contains a single element together with information identifying the document from which it came. By sorting on different parts of these records the Indexing Checking Cycle can examine all the elements of one document or, alternatively, groups of identical elements from many documents. It is at this point that the selection of documents for quality control checks is performed. The computer system has built into it the percentage number of items that should be selected for quality control checks for each country. The items selected are printed, for the attention of the relevant INIS Subject Specialist. The validation of the indexing now takes place. Individual elements are checked first, followed by a check with reference to the whole document. The following checks are made on individual elements: ; - Subject category codes must be valid ones. - Descriptors must exist in the Thesaurus. - Main and qualifier labels on an individual descriptor must be valid. lf a descriptor is not found in the Thesaurus, the programs permit the correction of minor errors. A descriptor may have been entered with a minor spelling error (e.g. 'TIME DEPENDANCE" instead of 'TIME DEPENDENCE"), two adjacent characters may have been transposed (for example "HAERT" instead of "HEART"), or a plural form may have been used instead of the singular or vice versa (e.g. "GEOMAGNETICFIELDS" instead of "GEOMAGNETIC FIELD"). The computer system examines all descriptors used that have not matched against the Thesaurus, to see if any of these common mistakes have been made. If it can add or subtract one single character, or transpose one pair of adjacent characters to create a valid Thesaurus descriptor from an invalid one, without ambiguity, then it will perform this correction. All such automatic corrections are, however, brought to the attention of an INIS Subject Specialist by being indicated on the error report. The indexing elements are now examined for the whole document. The checks include the matching of all main and qualifier labels attached to descriptors, and checking that the linked groups of descriptors are valid. All this is essentially a check on the consistency of a set of individually correct descriptors. Subsequently, the error report is printed and each set of indexing elements are shunted to the "good" or "bad" indexing files. Note that, although documents selected for quality control and automatically corrected descriptors are both listed in the error report for the attention of the responsible INIS Subject Specialist, this notification does not indicate the transfer of such documents to the "bad" indexing file. 168 (c) Correction Processes The corrections arc submitted to the computer system which removes from both the "good" and "bad" indexing files all the indexing elements belonging to the documents concerned. The corrections arc then applied and the same validation processes described earlier arc involved almost exactly as if the corrected document were a new one, with the exception of the selections of items for quality control check. Corrected documents therefore end up once more in either the "good" or the "bad" indexing files. It is further possible to perform correction runs in which either all the documents in the "bad" indexing file or all the documents in both indexing files are removed and revalidated. In both cases this would take place regardless of any actual corrections required. Such a procedure is followed to facilitate the introduction of new or changed authorities (such as a revised Thesaurus), so that all the material for one issue has been validated to the same standards. A detailed description is given in IAEA-INIS-14. paragraphs 2.3.1 to 2.3.4. 4.3 Production of ISIS Atomindex and AGRINDEX (see Fig.4.0-2) 4.3.1. INIS The production of INIS Atomindex consists of two main steps: the creation of the 1N1S Atomindex file and the creation of the INIS Atomindex printed journal. The starting point for the production of Atomindex are the three main files created in the checking cycles: the bibliographic file, the indexing file and the abstracts file. The goal of that procedure is to set the input data in the final form used in producing the printed and the magnetic tape versions of INIS Atomindex. New data are added to the indexing file: it is extended by the hierarchical up-posted indexing terms (i.e. all the broader terms of a particular descriptor). The bibliographic, indexing, and abstracts files arc merged and a reference number (RN) is assigned to error-free records to be announced for the current cycle of INIS output products. Documents not to be published because they contain errors are routed to the corresponding "error" files. In the meantime indexing statistics, error statistics, average processing time (i.e. lime lag in days between its input to the system and Atomindcx production) per document and country, and Thesaurus frequencies are calculated. The major substeps involved are: (a) Hierarchical Up-posting - when corresponding broader terms are added to each indexer- assigncd descriptor, in accordance with the INIS Thesaurus. This is done because the indexer is supposed to use the most specific descriptor to index a concept, in accordance with the specificity rule explained in the indexing manual, IAEA-INIS-12, chapters 7 and 3. The addition of broader terms permits subsequent computerised searches at more general hierarchical levels (see OMINAS 2.4.4). The result of this substcp is the final indexing file. (b) Creation of the Production file- when the bibliographic file, abstracts file and final indexing file are merged. (c) Assigning Reference Numbers - where every record of the production file sorted by subject category and, within each category, by first author, is given a reference number (RN). Related temporary reference numbers (TRN's) and changed records arc cross-referenced in accordance with the TRN/RN correspondence list. The various statistics and their associated lists are created in that step. The final form of the INIS Atomindex file is produced at this stage. Full information about the programs involved and their properties are described in IAEA-INIS-14, paragraphs 2.5 and 2.6. The form and explanation of the output list is given in appendixes 4.6 to 4.10 of that publication. When the INIS Atomindex file is ready, it is used to create the INIS Atomindcx publication and the IN IS magnetic tape, subsequently distributed to Member States. The book consists of six parts: Bibliographic Citations, Personal Author Index, Corporate Entry Index, Subject Index, Conference Index, and Report, Standard and Patent Number Index. A set of programs performs all necessary selecting, sorting and editing to create magnetic tape for controlling the photo-typesetting machine. It is possible to create output for two photo- typesetting machines, the L1NOTRON 505TC and D1GISET 40T2. From November 1977 on, output is handled by the IAEA DIGISET 40T20. 169 TERMIN*! ^ PHOTO AUTHOBíT* THESAURUS PHOTO - COMPOSITION >«»MAOEMENT INPUT MANAGEMENT COMPOSITION PRINT SYSTEM PROGRAMS SYSTEM PRINT PROGRAMS PROGRAMS BIBLIOGRAPHIC INDEXING CHECK CHECK r • PROGRAMS PROGRAMS 1 1 BIBLIOGRAPHIC INDEXNG UPDATE CHECK PROGRAMS PROGRAMS 1 I I . I FIG.4.0-2 170 INIS Atomindex files for twetve consecutive issues are cumulated in an INIS Master File. The same set of programs are used to create photo-typesetting tape(s) for the cumulative indexes. Another set of programs is provided to read the INIS Atomîndex file as input and to create a photo-typesetting tape for microfiche headers. The program description is available in IAEA-1NIS-14, paragraphs 2.7 and 2.8. The layout of INIS Atomîndex is discussed in OMINAS 2.2.1. 4.3.2. AGRIS As' for INIS. the production of AGRINDEX consists of two main steps: the creation of the AGRINDEX files and the creation of AGRINDEX in printed form. All documents on the "good" bibliographic file, arc subjected to a final check run with the occasional exception t>f some references deliberately held back. The file is then sorted 'by subject category and first object code, and a reference number (RN) is given to each document. Related temporary reference numbers (TRN's) and changed records are cross-referenced in accordance with the TRN/RN correspondence list. Correspondence lists (RN to TRN. and TRN to RN for individual issues, and TRN to RN for a cumulative list) are printed and subsequently mailed to inputting centres. The AGRINDEX file is used for generating the photocomposition tape, to be used on one of the two photo-typesetting machines, LINOTRON 505TC or DIGISET 40T2. From November 1977 on, output has been handled by the IAEA DIGISET 40T20. This tape contains all information for producing the films for AGRINDEX. i.e. the main bibliography, the Personal Author Index, Corporate Index, Report Number Index, and the Commodities ; Index, as well as the address list for the AGRIS Liaison Officers and Participating Centres. Another set of programs creates the AGRIS output tapes, and the security copies of all production files. Details are given in the AGRIS computer program description published as FAO/AGRIS 19. 4.4 Photocomposition System (see Fig.4.0-2) As mentioned earlier, the printing plates for publishing INIS Atomindex and AGRINDEX arc prepared by means of a photo-typesetting machine. The photo-typesetting machine is a facility for exposing characters on photosensitive material with the aid of a cathode ray tube. Exposure can be effected in various ways, e.g., by projecting the image of the character via its corresponding position on a character grid, or by a scanning process. During this process, a light beam travels back and forth, its intensity reflecting the nature of the character to be recorded. The work of such a machine is controlled either manually (by an operator using a keyboard) or automatically (by paper or magnetic tape input or even directly, as computer peripheral device). For 1NIS and AGRIS. magnetic tape is used. This photo-typesetting tape provides the machine with control data and the texts to be phototype-set. The concept: adopted for the system is for processing to be done in two steps. In the first step, which is independent of the photo-typesetting machine, the texts to be printed are selected and edited. Editing involves flagging of the appropriate texts to indicate how they should appear in the journal, i.e. when to start a new paragraph, which type face (bold, normal and/or straight or inclined) and the size of the letters to be used, which parts of the text are to appear in the table of contents, and so on. This intermediate form of the data is called "edited text", and represents the input to the photocomposition program for creating the photo-typesetting tape. In the second step, the flags found in the edited text are coverted to appropriate commands, to control the work of the machine; the lengths of text are calculated according to the widths of the characters they contain, and the appropriate location of individual words defined. The photo-typesetting tape contains the text arranged in lines, columns and pages. Such a concept of photocomposing permitted the photocompositon system to extend its scope beyond INIS Atomindex and AGRINDEX. This procedure has recently been used for photo-typesetting of one of the INIS Reference Series, IAEA-1NIS-1. By means of a program it is possible to transform flagged text to an edited text, which can then provide input for the photocomposition program. 4.5 Statistics (INIS only, see Fig. 4.0-2) ' 171 4.5.1. Production Cycle Statistics Certain statistics are derived and reports produced during the normal INIS Atomindex production cycle: (a) Input Error Statistics During the INIS Atomindex checking cycle a file of error codes is maintained. A report is produced which analyses errors according to type, e.g. syntax, indexing, and country*- with error averages by number of documents submitted. Only countries which submit input in machine- readable format are included for analysis, and errors are only counted on initial input. (See 1AEA-1N1S-14. Appendix 4.10.1). A further report gives an analysis by country of situations necessitating action by INIS staff (e.g. proposed terms), which are given codes on the error file but have non-error status. (b) Processing Time Statistics An analysis by country is made of the elapsed time in days between the submission of a document and its ultimate appearance in INIS Aiomindex. All countries submitting input are included in the analysis, and the report is produced at the time of final Atomindex production. An average processing time in days is calculated and also a percentage of the total processed given for each 15-day interval. (See IAEA-INIS-14, Appendix 4.9). (c) Indexing Statistics Documents are analysed by country, indicating the average use ot indexer-assigned descriptors, computer up-posted descriptors, linked groups, main-heading/qualifier pairs and subject categories. For explanations of these, reference should be made to 2.1.1(b) and 2.4.7(b). This statistical report is produced with the final Atomindex production run and includes all inputting centres. (See IAEA-INIS-14, Appendix 4.8). 4.5.2 INIS Data Base Statistics It is sometimes necessary to look for trends and figures concerning some characteristics of the INIS data base. Statistical reports can be produced on particular INIS features, e.g. on the frequency of use of specific subject categories over a certain number of issues of Atomindex. The INIS data base statistics sub-system operates in the following manner. When an issue of INIS Atomindex is produced, the information contained in the issue is added to the INIS master file. This master file constitutes the INIS data base. At the same time, the INIS statistics file is maintained. This file contains the same number of records as the master file, but each record contains only such information as may be required later for statistical analysis purposes. Thus the INIS statistics file grows in size as each issue of Atomindex is produced, and represents a subset of the INIS data base. From the INIS statistics file it is then possible to extract particular elements for a specified range of issues, and to perform certain statistical analyses on these elements. This is done on a regular basis for some elements, and only on request for others.- There are five major statistical operations that can, at present, be performed on the INIS statistics file. Each of these five are described briefly below. Appropriate data are extracted, sorted, counted, and percentage frequencies calculated and subsequently tabulated. . (a) Subject Category Statistics The frequency of use of each subject category (and groups of subject categories) is tabulated. Optionally, the results can also be broken down to give individual reports for each inputting centre. (b) Publication Delay Statistics The time lag between the publication date for a document and initial processing by the IAEA computer is examined. The results are tabulated for each inputting centre, and can also be presented separately by document type. 172 (c) Journal Statistics A report can be produced listing all the journals in which Atomindex documents originated. The inputting centre which has utilized the journal and the subject categories used (with occurrence counts) are shown for each journal. In addition, a separate list is produced indicating the journals used most frequently. (d) Main and Qualifier Descriptor Statistics A table is produced showing the average number of main heading and qualifier pairs used in the subject indexing, with individual averages for each inputting centre. (e) IMS-IAEA Library Statistics 1NIS Member States send reports to the IAEA Library as well as sending the bibliographic data for these reports to 1N1S for inclusion in Atomindex. The IAEA library notifies INIS on receiving these reports. The notifications are compared against the INIS statistics file, and a printed list is produced which shows up discrepancies and delays between reports received by the library and by 1N1S, respectively. 4.6 Thesaurus Maintenance System (INIS only) General concepts of the INIS Thesaurus, its structure and usage have been discussed earlier (1.3.1(b) and 2.1.1(b)). The system of programs to maintain the INIS Thesaurus in its computer form used at the INIS processing centre at IAEA has been described comprehensively in IAEA-196: INIS: Thesaurus Maintenance System. Existing computer forms of the INIS Thesaurus There are three main computer forms of the INIS Thesaurus from the viewpoint of the Thesaurus Maintenance System (TMS). 1) The nucleus computer form. This is a group of data files residing in the disk storage of the computer. It is used to make all updates of the Thesaurus, and is the origin of all other forms. 2) The application and auxiliary tape forms. These are used - to create the dictionary tape data file used in the INIS indexing checking cycle; - to maintain backup copies of the Thesaurus; - to permit tracing of changes resulting from repeated updates of the Thesaurus (Version, Revision and Supplement tape files); - to produce the printed Thesaurus. 3) The photocomposition form. This is a tape file created with the help of the INIS Photocomposition Program System. It is submitted as input to a photocomposition machine to produce the printed version of the Thesaurus. 4.6.1. The nucleus form of the INIS Thesaurus The nucleus consists of three disk files. 4.6.1.1 The Dictionary file of the Thesaurus (DICT). Each record of the D1CT file contains the following information referring to one term: - the spelling of the term (up to 30 characters); - the type of term. The type is defined by the presence or absence of certain relationships between the term in question and other terms in the Thesaurus; 173 - the code of the term. Each term is assigned its unique code, which is a number; - the scope note code (if applicable). When a term has an explanatory scope note, the text of the note is kept in a separate file (see below) and is accessed by the scope note code. The records of the DICT file are accessed randomly, with the codes of the terms used as source keys. 4.6.1.2 The cross-reference file (XREF). This data set contains all the relationships of every term on the first level. If. for example, term M has the relationship BT ("broader term") to a term N. and if term N has the relationship BT to a term O, then the term M has actually the relationship BT on the second level to the term O. This particular relationship will not be directly represented in the XREF file, but can be easily traced through the relationships of the term N. All terms associated on the first level with the term on the XREF file are represented by their codes. Thus, when tracing a chain of relationships for information required about any term in the chain it can be provided through accessing the DICT file. 4.6.1.3 Scope Note File. This data set contains the text of all scope notes for the terms concerned. Records of the data set are accessed using scope note codes as source keys, and these scope note codes are in the records of the dictionary file DICT. The three data sets discussed represent a self-contained data base of the 1NIS Thesaurus. This implies that any information on the INIS Thesaurus terms and on their relationships can be found, updated and extracted within this data base. The following major maintenance functions are available in the updating programs: To add - a new term without any associated terms; - a new relationship to an existing term; - a new term together with a BT-relationship to an existing term; - a scope note for an existing term. To delete - a term which has no associated terms; - a relationship between two terms; - a scope note To change the spelling of a term. The updating programs check the correctness of any attempted changes so that every new relationship in the Thesaurus is compatible with other already established relationships. 4.6.2 The application and auxiliary tape forms 4.6.2.1 The backup data files This is a generation data set allocated to 3 tapes. Every last tape (last generation) contains the BACKUP data set. This is a sequential file which contains all the terms of the Thesaurus, their relationships developed through all levels (up to 9) and the scope notes of the terms. In addition to the backup function this file serves as the origin of all other application and auxiliary data sets. 174 4.6.2.2 The VERSION data set This is a generation data set allocated on 6 tapes. It differs from the BACKUP data set only in that - every' term is assigned its frequencies of usage in INIS indexing activities; - some changes in the formats of the record fields are made in order to adjust them to external application needs. 4.6.2.3 The REVISION data set This is a generation data set allocated on three tapes. The contents of every generation of the REVISION data set coincides with the contents of the last VERSION. Every six months a new generation is created. The REVISION data set serves as the basis for creating a printed version of the Thesaurus, and to trace developmental changes in the Thesaurus. 4.6.2.4 The DICTIONARY data ser Every time when a new VERSION of the Thesaurus is created a new DICTIONARY tape file is also created. It is used as a dictionary in the 1N1S indexing checking cycle. For every term the dictionary contains information on the following types of relationships: - TOP TERM: the term has no broader terms: - BT: the term has a broader term; - USE: this term is a forbidden term, therefore the preferred ¡ term indicated is to be used instead: - SEE: the term is again a forbidden term, and a selection has to be made from the alternatives indicated; 4.6.3 The photocomposition forms A complete revision of the printed INIS Thesaurus is issued twice a year, by a fully automated process utilizing the INIS photocomposition programs. It consists of - a list of terms deleted from and added to the last revision, and - the dictionary 4.7 Authority File Maintenance (INIS only) The need for establishing authority files is discussed in section 2.2.4. Two main files exist: 1) the authority file for corporate entries, and 2) the authority file for journal titles. Records in both files have the classic INIS structure: HEADER - a fixed number of fixed-length fields DIRECTORY - a variable number of fixed-length fields which act as pointers to the variable part VARIABLE PART - a variable number of variable-length fields referenced by the directory 175 4.7.1 Authority File for Corporate Entries and Report Number Prefixes 4.7.1.1 Corporate Entry File - Format The main information contained in the record header for this file consists of an identifying code, the country code and a key field comprising the first 150 characters of the corporate name. A "type" field is maintained which identifies the record as "current" or "superceded". In the latter case the code of the superceding body is maintained in the header also. Should the record have superceded others, then indicators to this effect are contained in the header. There is a 3-field directory entry for each field in the variable part of the record. These consist of a field identifier, a field size and a field starting position relative to the beginning of the variable portion of the record. The variable portion holds the corporate entry text and any report prefixes used by the corporate entry, as standard. Should the corporate have been superceded then the corresponding text of the new entry is also maintained. Should the corporate entry have superceded another entry the identifying record codes are also retained, in order to permit cross-reference checking. 4.7.1.2 Report Prefix File - Format This file is a byproduct of the corporate authority file. It does not have the classic 1NIS format but consists instead of fixed length records containing the report prefix in upper/lower case characters and the country code. At the time of publication of IAEA-IN1S-6, the report prefixes are printed with the corporate entries using them. Maintenance For new entries, produced as a result of the checking cycle for new corporales which are submitted by the inputters, and for updates of existing entries on-line data entry via ATMS is used. Cross checking is performed on the corporate entry authority after each update, to ensure that each superceded record is referenced by code in the variable part of the superceding record, and vice-versa. When a record is superceded and given a "SEE"-code, and cross checking has been successful, the appropriate new text is then automatically put on the record by the computer program. No direct updating is done on the report prefix file. Report prefixes are put into the variable part of the record for the corporate entry of origin. The corporate entry file is then scanned and the report prefixes extracted. 4.7.2. Authority File for Journal Titles Format Header information for this file record consists of CODEN (a 5-character code designating the title of a specific serial publication) an internal numeric code, a country code and a key based on the first 50 characters of the abbreviated title. The directory is identical in format and function with that described for the corporate file. The variable portion contains the journal title in both full and abbreviated format and, in addition, a cross reference to a superceded journal title (see IAEA-1NIS-11). It also records the existence of cover-lo-cover translation journals. Maintenance New entries and updates to existing entries are added to the authority via on-line data entry, using ATMS. 176 4.X Output tupe services Oulput lape distribution is one of the most important services provided by INIS, The following files are distributed regularly: 1. INIS Atomindcx file 2. Corporate and Journal Authority files 3. Thesaurus file 4. IRMS search Tiles 5. Atomindcx in STAIRS input form (EDIO format) The INIS Atomîndex File, produced semi-monthly, is the collection of all documents processed in the 2-wccks schedule, which has met all the criteria of the System and has been published in the Atomindcx journal. A detailed description of the file is given in the manual IAEA-INIS-9. The format is based on the ISO-2709 standard. Each record consists of three logical sections: HEADER - of fixed length (24 bytes) for all records. DIRECTORY - consisting of a variable number of fixed-length entries, each given the lag, length and location (within the record) of each variable field. VARIABLE PART - made up of concatenated variable-length alphanumeric fields associated with tags used in the document's record. The HEADER contains the basic parameters of the record, e.g. record length, status, type of record, base address of data (combined length of the header and the directory), etc. The DIRECTORY consists of a series of fixed fields (entries). Each entry has the schematic formal shown below: TAG Length Starting of data field Character Position Character 0 2 3 6 7 11 position Length 3 4 5 'Tag" is llie symbolic identification of the field consisting of three decimal digits. Apart from the control fields (tags < 100), they correspond to the INIS tags described in IAEA-INIS-1. Length of field is a decimal number equal to the length (in characters) of the variable field to which it corresponds. Starting character position is a decimal number equal to the character position of the first character in the variable field, relative to the base address of data. The first nine tags are used for control purposes. For example, tag 001 contains the two basic identifying codes of the documents: TRN - the temporary reference number which is zissigncd by the inputting INIS participant and is used before the document is included in the INIS data base. RN - the reference number, which is the sequential number assigned to the document when it is included in the INIS data base. Important information is contained in the subrecord directory - lag 002. It contains pointers to the directory which indicate which portion of the directory refers to a particular bibliographic level. 177 The records which generally consist of three parts - the bibliographic description, descriptors and abstracts - may sometimes reach more than 7000-8000 characters in length. They are recorded in physical blocks of 2048 charatcrs. The file is distributed on the 9- or 7- track tapes, structured in accordance with ISO standard 2709. At present, about 40 countries and participating international organizations arc regularly receiving the Atomindex file. A printed example of record structure is given in Fig.4.8-1. Corporate Entry and Journal Authority Files contain a machine-readable form of the most recent version of the authority files maintained by the INIS Secretariat, described in 4.7,1 and 4.7.2. respectively. Thesaurus file This is a sequential file which contains the thesaurus in a form very close to the printed version. All the terms of the thesaurus, their relationship developed through all levels (up to 9) iissnr E££.;ii'5iB jjai :cs tin is ss stss amis EMBÏ ME 1234 S6789 1 : 2 3 4 5 S 78921 2 4 567» 214« 02827 C IN 0 0 00301 4500 Ü.I.E.r-£.I.D.I-I.r.Si ÎSHED1 flELUt Iii tESSIt iliBI lESi • IBB _att_ ÍBIB ÏQWl§a< 234567891 123456 7692 12 34 56 S. 0027 OOCOO SI DE7701660 341317 1NIS 06 23 SBI SIEÎÎISElïSi un, ISBE ¿Ii£I IS£ Í5J 0049 C0027 1 23 4567 691123 n 0168 00024 9 00 0060 00192 X EN 0024 00252 X DE 00 24 00276 II! ESMB3L ïilii SUSHI KäSS SS &IÍJ.M,£¿ J.U1ÍÜB1- -§E£_SS!BSnIi.ä> 525 0022 C0C76 123 45 67 8911 2345678921 234667893 Ail 02 OC M 0001000000 Bin sjbiisie tiu.HI. JS2 0014 eoosP00S8s Backer, J*D. 115 0063 001123 Technische Univ. Muenehen (Germany* F.R. ). Fachbereich Physik* .i 1U 0015 C0175 Diss. (D.Sc.ï. m 00S2 00190 The Influence of spontaneous symmetry breaking on the dynamics In field theoretical models. i Î3S 0069 00282 Wirkungen der spontanen Symmet rl ebrechung auf die Dynamik In feldtheoretl sehen ModM 1 en * M '225. 0015 C0371 INIS-mf—384B. M ÍS2 0013 00386 18 Dee 1974. >( m 0007 C0359 78 p, 1 m 0013 ro4os [ In German ). sis 0019 C0419 8 tlgi.; 35 refs. IIS 0009 C0438 S20UB4. 9 85 S 0102 C044' FEFPOMAGNETISM; HEISENBERG MODEL; QUANTUM FIELD THEORY; SYMMETRY; SYMMETRY BREAKING; SYMMETRY GROUPS. 9 Sil 006» 0064C0E49 CRYSTAL MODELS; FIELD THEORIES; MAGNETISM; MATHEMATICAL MODELS. 9 532 0042 00613 C3454; 12931: 08123: 09719; 09723; 09721. 9 '.Sil 002S 0065C0655 02370; 11351; 05780: 11397. 9 535 0041 C0683 SYMMETRY BREAKING; QUANTUM FIELD THEORY. X 55 5 0009 C072* English. X Sií 0815 00'33 Symétries are not as well understood In quantum field theory as In classical physics. So ne examples are given to show the ter* 'symmetry* must be treated carefully. Spontaneous symmetry breaking (SSB) Is the case of an au tomo rp nl am group of an atpebra, which Is created by a conserved current, but which Is not unitary lmplementable. Besides the Goldsone-Thtorem there are only few exact statements about SSB. The reason Is a narrow connection between AAB and the dynamics. This mechanism Is inv estlgoted In detail In a ferromagnetic and In a relatlvlstlc model* In these models tn« SSB I» remarkable drastically In tne asympto tie «paces and In the scattering amplitudes although the transformation group ts created by conserved current. Especially the SSB Is the reason for the unstable excitations, (orto*)* X £52 0009 01549 . Deutsch* X 0SÏ8 01558 Symmetrien sind In der Quantenfeldthaorla I aengst nicht so gut verstanden wie In der klassischen Pnyslk* Es werden einige Beispiele angegeben* die zeigen* dass man mit dee Begriff 'Symmetrie' sehr vorsichtig umgehen «usa. Unter spontaner Symmet rtebrechung ( SSE) verstehen wir den Fall einer Autcmorpnlseengruppe einer Algebra* dl« von einem erhaltenen Strom erzeugt wir dt aber nicht unltaer Implementterbar Ist* Abgesehen vom Goldetone-Theorem gibt es nur wenige exakte Aussagen ueber SSB* Der Grund d a fuer Ist ein enges Zuisamensple] der SSE mit der Dynamik* Dieser Mechanismus wird In einem ÍerromagnetI sehen Modell und In einem re 1 at 1 vis tl sehen, (iodell genauer untersucht* In den Modellen zeigt sich* dass sich die SSB drastisch In den asymptotischen Ra «u men und In den Streuampl11uden bemerkbar »acht, obwohl dl« Trans format 1onsgruppe von einem erhaltenen Strom erzeugt wird. Inabesondere trete n In den Modellen als Felge der SSB Instabile Anregungen auf. (orlg*)* FIG. 4.8-1 178 and the scope notes of the terms arc recorded. Each relationship between two terms is represented by one record. There are some eleven countries regularly receiving the INIS thesaurus on magnetic tape. I RMS search files At present, the INIS Section is using the IRMS system for its SDI services for staff members of the IAEA. Once a month, two issues of Atomindex are processed by IRMS. The process consists of two stages: the preparation of files suitable for an inverted file method of retrieval, and the actual search in accordance with the stored profiles. In order to avoid duplication of the first stage by countries using the IRMS system, the IAEA sends them, on a regular basis, the files produced as a product of stage one. At present, four countries arc regularly receiving these files. Atomindcx and AGRINDEX in STAIRS input form Again to avoid using unnecessary computer time, the IAEA and AGRIS Input Unit respectively, are prepared to distribute Atomindex or AGRINDEX in STAIRS (scc4.9) input form, thus substantially reducing the computer time needed to establish a data base îtt STAIRS format. At present, two INIS Member States are receiving Atomindex in this form, and three AGRIS participating countries receive AGRINDEX in STAIRS format. 4.9 On-line Retrieval System Retrieval problems in INIS and AGRIS During the last nine years of INIS and four years of AGRIS, respectively, the Secretariat at IAEA has experienced a need for the following retrieval type facilities: (a) Quick statistical type questions, e.g. how many items are entered from a given journal over a given period of time. (b) Checks on the correct usage of descriptors and usage of terms in the free text in order to decide on new descriptors. (c) Provision of information services for IAEA scientists. This includes a regular current awareness service for some 150 interest profiles. (d) Retrospective searches over part or all of the complete INIS or AGRIS data base. (e) The regular training program which the Secretarial provides for the Member States and which deal with retrieval strategics and indexing needs in relation to all kinds of retrieval functions. (f) Quick bibliographic control checks, e.g. checking the consistency of some bibliographical data elements, in particular the authority entries, the valid use of literary indicators, etc. (g) For orientation of short-term visitors. In order to provide a facility for meeting their requirements, the INIS programming group early in the life of INIS modified the IBM software package IRMS to make it more appropriate for its needs (see IAEA-I77]. This proved to be very useful und IN1S/IRMS is still being used for SDI services at the Agency. In due course the IBM software package IRMS was similarly applied to AGRIS [see 1AEA-I83]. However, the services provided with IRMS in batch mode could not always satisfy all the needs listed above, and the INIS Secretariat took steps to build up an on-line retrieval system from the 1NIS data base. The creation of home made systems was excluded from the beginning, due to lack of staff. The required system 179 would be expected to solve the following problems which arise particularly with the INIS and AGRIS data bases: (a) The co-existence of controlled vocabulary and free text. (b) The existence of the rather complicated internal structure inherent in an INIS or AGRIS document. (c) The capability of identifying the syntactical position of a term within the document (relating to paragraphs, sentences and their juxtaposition). (d) The ability to search linearly for ranges (formatted field feature). In addition, two major operational conditions need to be satisfied: 1. Easy manipulation of data bases. 2. Comparatively smnll manpower requirements for installing and maintaining the system. To meet the various needs outlined above, an IBM software package called SToragc And Information Retrieval System was chosen. This is a terminal-oriented system which offers the user a variety of resources for data-base creation and maintenance, and especially for data-base searching and document output. The system is used to retrieve stored documents1 which contain unformatted textual and/or formatted data. Documents are retrieved in an on-line dialogue between the system and the user. The user formulates queries in extended Boolean logic and/or comparison operators (see 2.4.4). As regards its search capabilities, STAIRS falls into the category of the so-called "free text retrieval system". Generally it means that the system is able to create an inverted file for all the words in a documtnt. A "word" is user-defined but normally it is a character string separated by blanks (spaces). The whole document is divided into sections called paragraphs which in turn are divided into sentences. The search language allows this document structure to be utilized at the time of query formulation. It is possible, for example, lo limit the extent of a query to only a part of a document or to ask for a combination of words within a certain paragraph, etc. The system was installed on the IAEA's computer and has been in use since July 1975; at present INIS and AGRIS data bases are available for on-line search not only for IAEA use but for an increasing number of Member States participating in the INIS/AGRIS On-Linc Project. By the end of 1978, more than 260.000 documents become available on-line, the equivalent of the 4 most recent years of INIS production. In addition, more than 350,000 AGRIS documents become available, representing the total data base of 4 years on-line. Since only the bibliographic descriptions are entered for AGRIS, the data base needs about half the space used for the INIS data base. A total of more than half a million documents of the INIS/AGRIS data bases arc accommodated on three IBM 3350 disk packs (each one with a capacity of 317 megabytes) and one IBM 3350 disk pack (with a capacity of 200 megabytes). 4.10 INIS/AGRIS Processing Cycle The generation of every INIS Atomindex issue extends ovcrVa period of approximately, two weeks, 24 times per year, and can be divided into four stages: 1) input and update stage 2) pre-production stage 3) production stage 4) file generation for retrieval 180 For the generation of every issue of AGRINDEX a period of 4 weeks is required. 12 issues per year being produced. 1) The first stage extends over a period of about 10 days for INIS and 20 days for AGRIS. During this period the INIS Descriptive Cataloguing Unit or AGRIS Input Unit requests input runs (i.e. the computer processing of a hatch of dala for magnetic tape, paper tape or OCR input) or enters data from worksheets directly via the on-line terminal, using ATMS. The printed output of these input runs. i.e. the master reference list which displays every entered document as well as the different bibliographic and indexing error lists (INIS only), is distributed to the Descriptive Cataloguing Unit and to'the Subject Control Unit, respectively. One copy of these lists is kept by the INIS/AGRIS programming group. Since the incoming data is split into its bibliographic part, and its indexing and abstracts part (INIS only) by the computer, the two Units can analyse their error lists, and prepare and request their updates independently from each other. The system was designed in such a way, since a batch of documents may. for example, have a low error rate in the bibliographic data and a high error rale in the indexing part, so that the two Units do not necessarily complete the required corrections at the same time. To ensure that the data which, for some reason, cannot be updated and is retained for the next cycle remains small, only updates and new input runs known to have a small error rate are performed towards the end of this stage. 2) The so-called "final check run" signals the end of all updates and input. For INIS, it is preceded by an update of the corporate authority file, to include all new corporate authors entered into the system during this cycle. The "final check run" performs an overall check on the TRN numbers (any duplication, correctness of changed and deleted records), and replaces related TRN's by the related RN's. where possible. The bibliographic part is then checked once more with modified severity standards (e.g. certain documents with missing tags arc accepted, etc.). For INIS this run also produces a memorandum indicating the initial RN number of the particular Atomindex issue, which is then checked manually. The run further verifies whether the number of abstracts on the worksheet header corresponds to the actual number of abstracts entered in that cycle. While there may be no more bibliographic updates, the Subject Control Unit may still request indexing updates. A set of programs coordinates the bibliographic files, and the indexing and abstracts files which a'pply to INIS only. Subsequently, it produces the final Atomindcx or AGRINDEX file for that cycle and makes the necessary adjustments to the remaining files so that the next cycle can he started. Since a document may contain errors which arc not delectable by computer it is possible, at this late stage, to prevent its inclusion in the output products. This is done either by punched cards or on-line data entry at the terminal. 3) The third stage consists of the programs which produce the photocomposition tape for the printed version of Atomindex or AGRINÜEX. and the microfiche headers (INIS only) as well as the output tapes. The photocomposition programs also generate computer printouts to provide for a manual check before the tapes go to the photocomposition machine. The Atomindcx or AGRINDEX file is then converted into its standard output format (ISO 2709) and written on the output tapes for Member States. For INIS. some Member States request a tape for every single issue whereas others receive double-issue tapes. All these tapes arc checked by the computer before they are sent to the different Member States or Nations. Finally all computer files are saved on archive tapes for al le ist two years, so that any production can be repealed over that period if necessary. 4) The last stage overlaps in time with stage one of the next cycle. The Atomindcx or AGRINDEX file is converted into a formal suitable for on-line retrieval, using STAIRS. For INIS. the conversion to IBM's IRMS files is performed for routine SDI searches. Some member countries use these retrieval systems, and may request the corresponding files (for details, see 4.8). 181 SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY General DOYLE, L.B. Information Retrieval and Processing. Los Angeles, Melville Publishing Co., 1975. HAYES, Robert M. and BECKES, Joseph. Handbook of Data Processing for Libraries. 2nd ed., Los Angeles, Melville Publishing Co., 1974- INTERNATIONAL CENTRE FOR THE REGISTRATION OF SERIALS. List of Periodical Title Word Abbreviation. Supplement. Semi-annual. Paris, Unesco. LANCASTER, F.W. Vocabulary Control for Information Retrieval. Washington, D.C.; Information Resources Press, 1972. LIERARY OF CONGRESS. The MARC II Formats A Communications Format for Bibliographic Data. Washington, D.C., Library of Congress, 1968. MAIZELL, R.E. et.al. Abstracting Scientific and Technical Literature. New York, London, Wiley-Interscience, 1971. SARACEVIC, Tefko. Introduction to Information Science. New York, London, R.R. Bowker Co., 1970. UNISIST. Guidelines for ISD3 (international Serials Data System). Prepared by the International Centre for the Registration of Serial Publications. Paris,, Unesco, 1973. SC/WS/538. UNISIST. Reference Manual for the Preparation of Machine-Readable Bibliographic Descriptions. Comp, by M.D. Martin. Paris, Unesco, 1974. SC74/WS/20. ' Terminology BRITISH STANDARDS INSTITUTION. Glossary of Documentation Terms.1976. BS5408. HARROD, L.M. (ed.). The Librarians' Glossary of Terms Used in Librarianship and the Book Crafts and Reference Book. End ed., Andre Deutsch, 1959- WERSIG, G.; NEVELMG, U. (comps.). Terminology of Documentation. Paris, The Unesco Press, 1976. AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDS COMMITTEE Z39- A Compilation of Terms and Definitions Appearing in Z39 Standards. April 1977. ISO/TC 46/SC 3N109E. Cataloguing Hules AMERICAN LIBRARY ASSOCIATION. Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules. Prepared by the American Library Association, the Libraay of Congress, the Library Association and the Canadian Library Association. North American text. Chicago, ALA, 1967". Mechanization and Automation in Documentation ISO 2709-1973 Documentation - Format for Bibliographic Information Interchange on Magnetic Tape. ISO 646-1973 7-bit Coded Character Set for Information Processing Interchange. INIS GOVE, N., et.al. Use of ISO Standards in INIS. In: Informations Systems: Their Interconnection and Compatibility. Proceedings of a Symposium, Varna. Bulgaria, 30 Sept. - 3 Oct. 1974« Vienna, IAEA, 1975. pp. 335-347. INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGÏ AGENCY. Report of the INIS Study Team, Vienna, 4 March - 28 June 191.8. Presented at the Panel on the preparation of the Final Proposal for INIS, Vienna 28 - 31 October, 1968. Vienna, IAEA, 1968. 183 INT---* •' NAL ATOMIC ENEHGY AGENCY. Statuta. Vienna, IAEA, 1973. INIS Technical Note 32, 10 March 1978 (on Data Flagging)• "Data Indexing in INIS - Practical Steps towards Improving the Identification of Bata Sources". AGRIS ARIES, P. Evolution of Agricultural Information Services in the World: General Trends and the Present Situation. Quarterly Bulletin IAALJ), 20(3/4), 1975: pp. 105-110. 3ADRAN, O.A., et.al. UNISIST Report on the Independent Appraisal of AGRIS Organized by Unesco, November 1976 - March 1977, at the Request of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Paris, Unesco, 1977. SC/77/WS/20. DUBOIS, G. International Cooperation in Information Storage and Retrieval in the Field of Agriculture. Rome, FAO, Jan. 1971. FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS. Summary Report of the FAO Panel of Experts on an International Information System for the Agricultural Sciences and Technology (AGRIS) - Second Meeting (19-20 Jan. 1971). Rome, FAO, 1971. INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH CENTRE. AGRIS and the Developing Countries. Ottawa, IDRC, 1974. IDRC-0.26,f,s. WORKSHOP/SEMINAR ON REGIONAL COOPERATION IN AGRICULTURAL INFORMATION, COLLEGE, LAGUNA, PHILIPPINES, 3-12 MARCH, 1975. Proceedings. College, Philippines, SEARCA, 1975. FEDERAL COUNCIL FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, WASHINGTON, D.C. Committee on Scientific and Technical Information. Standard for Descriptive Cataloguing of Government Scientific and Technical Reports. Rev. 1. Washington, 1966. PB-173.314, AD-641.092. INTERNATIONAL FEDERATION OF LIBRARY ASSOCIATIONS AND INSTITUTIONS. Names of Persons: National Usages for Entry in Catalogues. 3rd ed. London, IFLA, International Office for U3C, 1977* Standards INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR STANDARDIZATION. Information Transfer: Handbook on International Standards Governing Information Transfer. Texts of ISO Standards. Compiled by the ISO Information Centre. 1st ed. Ceneva, ISO, 1977- (ISO Standards Handbook 1). Standards Pertinent to INIS/AGRIS: General Standards ISO 4-I972 Documentation - International Code for the Abbreviation of Titles of Periodicals. ISO 214-1976 Documentation - Abstracts for Publications and Documentation. ISO/R639-I967 Symbols for Languages, Countries and Authorities. ' ISO 833-1974 Documentation - International List of Periodical Title Word Abbreviations. ISO 3I66-I974 Code for the Representation of Countries. Conversion of Written Languages ISO/R9-1968 International System for the Transliteration of Slavic Cyrillic Characters. ISO/R 843-I96B International System for the Transliteration of Greek Characters into Latin Characters. Bibliographic Control ISO 2108/1972 Documentation - International Standard Book Numbering (ISBN). ISO 3297 1975 Documentation - International Standard Serial Numbering (ISSN). ' ,fí."* ' ''"'i. ' ' '. :-" • • 184' SUBJECT INDEX abstracting manual availability 2.2.4(b) AGRIS services 3-A.I abstract worksheet see INIS Worksheet INIS services 2-A.l abstracts (IMS) availability statement 1.3-1 1.1.6 2.1.1(b) 2.1.2(a) 2.2.4(b) bibliographic check programs abstracts, format 4.2.1 2.1.1(b) bibliographic control unit, INIS abstracts, indicative 2.5 2.1.1(b) bibliographic description abstracts, informative I.3.I 2.1.1(b) ACRE - 3.1.2 abstracts, language 3.2.3 2.1.2 ISIS - 2.1.1 affiliations bibliographic levels 2.1.2 2.1.1 affinitive relationships 2.1.2 2.1.1(b) bibliographic and indexing worksheet AG LIN BT see INIS Worksheet 1.2.2 Boolean algebra Appendix 3-A.l 2.4.4 AGRINDEX 1.2.2 carrier language 1.3.3 2.1.2 3.2.1 categories see subject categories Appendix 3-A.l categorization check program 4-3-2 4-2.2 AGRIS centralized processing 1.1 1.1.3 1.2.2 character sets 3.1 to 3-7 1.3.2 3-A.l to 3-A.3 Pigs. 1.3.2-1 to -3 AGRIS circular letters classification see subject categories 3.4.2(b) : commodity codes see object codes AGRIS Coordinating Centre commodities index (AGRIS) 3.4 3.1.1(b) 3.6 3.2.1 AGRIS, grovth in participation computer-assigned descriptors 1.2.2 2.1.1(b) AGRIS Input Sheet computer checks 3.1.2(a) 4.2 AGRIS Input Unit computer facilities 3.4.3 •2.4.3 3.6 AGRIS Panel of Experts 3.4.5 3-4.2 4.1 AGRIS participants computerized searches 3.3 4-9 Appendix 3-A.3 AGRIS - 3«4.6 AGRIS Technical meetings INIS - 2.4.4(B) 3.4.2 conference index (DUS) 2.2.1 AGRIS Technical Notes control data 3.4.2 2.1.1 analytical level see bibliographic levels 2.1.2 ATMS (Advanced Text Management System) coordinate indexing 2.4.3' 2.1.1(b) Atomindex see INIS Atomindex corporate author see corporate entry authorities see authority files corporate entry authority files (INIS) AGRIS 3.2.3 2.1.2 IN IS 2.1.2(a) 2.2.2(b) 2.2.4(a) 4.7 4.7.1 185 corporate entry index historical survey, AGRIS AQRIS 3.2.1 1.2.2 IHIS 2.2.1 historical survey, INIS cost 1.2.1 ATRI5 services - Appendix 3-A.l INIS services - Appendix 2-A.l country code ACRE 3.2.3 INIS 2.2.4 coverage, literature IASA processing centre 1.1.5 1.1.6 coverage, subject see subject scope 2.4.3 3.4-5 IAEA-INIS Reference Series 1.2.1 data element 1.3-1 1.3-3 AGRIS - 3.1.2(a) 2.2.4 INIS - 2.1.1 index, conference (INIS) 2.1.2(a) 2.2.1 data flagging index, commodities (AGRIS) 2.6 3.2.1 BIBLIOGRAPHY: Data Flagging index, corporate entry decentralized see input, decentralized AGRIS - 3.2.1 delimiters THIS - 2.2.1 2.1.a index, cumulative descriptive cataloguers, Reference Series for 1.2.1 AGRIS - 3.2.3(a) index, personal author INIS - 2.2.4(a) AGRIS - 3.2.1 descriptor, proposal for new THIS - 2.2.1 2.1.1(b) descriptors index, subject 1.3.1 2.1.1(b) 2.1.1(b) 2.2.1 descriptors, pre-coordinated index, report number (AGRIS) 2.1.1(b) 3.2.1 document description index, report, standard and patent number (INIS) ACRIS 3.1.2 2.2.1 3.2.• 3 indexer-assigned descriptors mis 2.1.1(b. . ), 2.1.1(b) 2.2.4(a) indexing double-level flagging 1.3.1 2.1.1(b) 2.1.1(b) indexing, manual on 2.2.4(b) indexing checking cycle error corrections 4.2.3 4.2 indexing consistency tests AGRIS - 3-4.3 2.4.5(a) 4.2.2 information processing unit INIS - 2.4.1 2-4.3 2.5 4.2.1 information retrieval (see also IRMS, STAIRS) 4.2.3 On-line Retrieval ., 2.4.4 3.4.6 PAO/AGRIS Reference Series 4.9 1.3.3 information retrieval, manual 3-2.3 2.2.4(b) forbidden terms Appendix 2-A.7.1 2.1.1(b) information retrieval, manuals on 2.2.4(b) 2.4.4 geographical codes (AGRIS) 3-4.6 1.3.1 4-9 3.1.1(b) THIS 1.1 1.2.1 header 1.3 AGRIS 3.1.2(a) 2.1 to 2.6 IHIS 2.1.2 2-A.l to -A.8 hierarchical relationships DUS Advisory Committee 2.1.1(b) 2.4.7 DJ IS Atonindex input, forms of 1.3-3 1.3.2 2.2.1 AGRIS - 3-1.2(b) Appendix 2-A.l 3-3.2 4.3.1 INIS - 2.1.2 4.7 2.3.2 IMS checking cycle Appendix 2-A.8 4.2.3 input format MIS Circular Letters AGRIS - 3.2.3(a) 2.4.7 MIS - 2.1.2(b) IWIS Clearinghouse 2.2.4(c) 1.1.6 2.4.1 1.2-1 input number see TRN 2.2.1 input processing 2.2.3 2.4-1 1.1.6 AGRIS - Fig. 1.1.6-2 2.5 3.4.3(a) INIS Descriptive Cataloguing Rules INIS - Fig. 1.1.6-1 2.2.4(a) 2.4.1(a) •CIS dispatcher input Bheet see AGSIS input sheet 2.4-1 IRMS (information Retrieval and Management INIS, growth in participation System) 1.2.1 4.9 INIS Liaison Officers Bee Liaison Officers (INls) AGRIS 3.2-3 INIS "Matrix of Bibliographic Data Elements" 3.4.6 2.1.2(a) INIS 2.2.4(b) Appendix 2-A.4 2.4-3 IK IS Member State see INIS participant 2.4-4 INIS-mf-number issuing body see corporate entry 2.4.1 THIS Newsletter 2.4.7 INIS Participant - responsibility of journal titles 2.3.1 to 4 2.1.2 2.4 2.2.4 THIS participation 4.7.2 Pig. 1.2.1-1 INIS Reference Series see IAEA-INIS reference series keyboarding INIS Secretariat 1.1.6 1.2 2.4 2.5 THIS Study Group language code 1.2 2.1.2 DUS Technical Notes Liaison Officers (AORIS) 2.4-7 3.3.1 INIS Thesaurus Appendix 3-A.2 1.3.1 Liaison Officers (INIS) 2.1.1(b) 2.2.4(b) 1.2.1 4.6 2.3.1 INIS worksheet Appendix 2-A.3 2.1.1(b) liaison officers, 2.1.2 -annual meeting of 2.4.1 1.2.1 input 2.4.7(c) 1.1 linked groups 1.3 2.1.1(b) AGRIS - 3.1.2 literary indicator 3.4.3 2.1.1 INIS - 2.1.1 2.1.2 2.1.2 machine-readable 2.4.1 - input 1.1 input, decentralized AGRIS -3.1.2(b) 1.1 ! INIS - 2.1.2(b) 2.1.2 Appendix 2-A.8 - output 4.8 AGRIS - 3.2.2 INIS - 2.2.2 187 magnetic tape organization, INIS 1.1 2.5 ACRE - 3.2.3(c) output products HIS - 2.1.2 1.3.3 2.2.4 4.8 magnetic tape services ACRE - 3.2.1 1.3.3 3.3.4 4.8 3.4.3(b) AGRIS - 3.2.2 INIS - 2.2 Appendix 3-A.l 2.4.1(b) IMS - 2.2.2 overindexing Appendix 2-A.l 2.1.1(b) manual searches 2.4.4(A) Appendix 2-A.7.1 3.4-6 paper tape microfiche 2.1.2(b) 1.1.6 2.2.4(c) 1.2.1 2.4.1(b) Appendix 2-A.8.2 microfiche services patent number index 1.2.1 AGRIS 3.2.1 1.3.2 INIS 2.2.X 2.2.3 personal author index 2.4-1 2.2.1 Appendix 2-A.l photocomposition mission-oriented system 1.1 1.1 4.4 monographic level see bibliographic levels 4.6.1 4.6.4 precision ratio 2.4.4 preferential relationships 2.1.1(b) national centres primary documentation Pig. 1.1.3-1 1.1 AGRIS - Appendix 3-A.3 processing cycle mis - 2.3.2 1.1.6 2.4 4.10 networks 2.6.1 3.7 non—conventional literature quality control 1.1.5 ACRIS - 3.4.3 1.1.6 INIS - 2.4-5 IMIS - 1.2.1 query formulation 1.3-3 2.4.4 2.2.1 query profile 2.4-4 object codes (AGRIS) recall ratio 1.3.1 2.4.4 : 3.1.1(H) record format OCR see Optical Character Recognition 4.8 OCR sheet reference number see RN Appendix 2-A.8.1 reference series, AGRE see PAO/AGRE on-line retrieval Reference Series 2.4.4 reference series, INIS see IAEA-INIS 2.4.6 Reference Series 2.6 relevance ratio 4.9 .. 2.4.4 ' on-line retrieval, training in see training, report number prefixes on-line 4.7.1 •• optical character recognition AGRE - 3.2.1 1.1 INIS - 2.2.4(a) 1.3.2 report, standard and patent number index AGRIS - 3.2.3 ACRE - 3.2.1 INIS - 2.1.2(b) miS - 2.2.1 188 retrieval strategy subject specialist (INIS) ^ 2.2.4 ' 2.5 RN subject specialists, manuals or Reference 2.2.1 Series for 4.3.1(c) AGRIS - 3.2.3(b) INIS - 2.2.4(b) SDI (Selective Dissemination of Information) tag 2.4.4 AGRIS - 3.1.2(a) 4.9 INIS - 2.1.1 secondary information 2.1.2(a) 1.1.1 Thesaurus see INIS Thesaurus secondary systems title augmentation (enrichment) 1.1.1 1.3.1 selection criteria AGRE - 3.1.2 1.1.5 INE - 2.1.1(b) self-teaching transliteration rules AGRIS - 3.4.1 AGRIS - 3.2.3 INIS - 2.2.4(a) INIS - 2.2.4 2.4.6 training, fellowship for seminars see training XNE 2.4.6(b) serial level see bibliographic levels training, on-line short communications Pig. 2.4.6-1 2.1.2 training, on-the-job staff, AORIS 1-3.4 3-6 AGRE - 3.4.1(c) staff, INIS 2.5 INIS - 2.4.6(b) training programme STAIRS (STorage And Information Retrieval) 1.3-4 4.9 AGRE - 3.4.1 ACRE - 3.4.6 INIS - 2.4.6 INIS - 2.4.3 training seminar 2.4.4 1.3-4 STAIRS User's Manual AGRE - 3.4.1(b) 2.2.4(b) INIS - 2.4.6(a) statistics, 1NE TRN (Temporary Reference Number) 2.4.7 2.1.2 4-5 2.4.1 subject categories type of record 2.1.1 1.3.1 2.1.2 ACRE - 3.1.1(b) 3.2.3 INIS - 2.1.1(b) 2.2.4(b) underindexing subject control unit, INIS 2.1.1(b) 2.5 up-posting subject index 2.1.1(b) AGRIS - see commodities index 4.3.1(a) INIS - 2.2.1 update (creating an up-to-date version) Bubject indexing 4.3 INIS - 2.1.1(b) 4.6 Bubject retrieval see information retrieval 4.7 subject scope, AGRE UNISIST 1.1.4 Foreword 3.1.1(b) subject scope, INE 1.1.4 1.2.1 worksheet, INIS see INIS worksheet 2.1.1(b) worksheet header Bee header 189 HOW TO ORDER IAEA PUBLICATIONS An exclusive sales agent for IAEA publications, to whom all orders and inquiries should be addressed, has been appointed • in the following country: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA UNIPUB, 345 Park Avenue South, New York, N.Y. 10010 In the following countries IAEA publications may be purchased from the sales agents or booksellers listed or through your major local booksellers. Payment can be made in local currency or with UNESCO coupons. ARGENTINA Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Avenida del Libertador 8250, Buenos Aires AUSTRALIA Hunter Publications, 58 A Gipps Street, Collingwood, Victoria 3066 BELGIUM Service du Courrier de l'UNESCO, 112, Rue du Trône, B-1050 Brussels C.S.S.R, S.N.T.L.,Spálená51,CS-113 02Prague 1 Alfa, Publishers, Hurbanovo námestie 6, CS-893 31 Bratislava FRANCE Office International de Documentation et Librairie, 48, rue Gay-Lussac, F-75240 Paris Cedex 05 HUNGARY Kultura, Bookimport, P.O. Box 149, H-1389 Budapest INDIA Oxford Book and Stationery Co., 17, Park Street, Calcutta, 700016 Oxford Book and Stationery Co., Sclndia House, New Delhi-110001 ISRAEL Heiliger and Co., 3, Nathan Strauss Str., Jerusalem ITALY Librería Sclentifica, Dott. Lucio de Biasio "aeiou". Via Meravigli 16,1-20123 Milan JAPAN Maruzen Company, Ltd., P.O. Box 5050, 100-31 Tokyo International NETHERLANDS Martinus Nljhoff B.V., Lange Voorhout 9-11, P.O. 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Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, Smolenskaya-Sennaya 32-34, Moscow G-200 YUGOSLAVIA Jugoslovenska Knjlga, Terazlje 27.POB 36.YU-11001 Belgrade Orders from countries where sales agents have not yet been appointed and requests for information should be addressed directly to: ¿ Division of Publications ¡jjcEpjjí International Atomic Energy Agency Kärntner Ring Í1, P.O.Box 590, A-1011 Vienna, Austria The INIS Reference Series comprises the rules, standards, formats, codes, authority lists, etc. on which the system is based. It currently consists of IS documents published by the Agency from 1969 to 1979. Some of the documents have been revised and further revisions will be issued in 1979. Individual documents in the INIS Reference Series may be purchased at the prices indicated below. Minimum orders should not be for less than US S3. The price for microfiche copies of the INIS Referen; î Series is US S1.00 per item. 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Input pr pa.Eatîionafor.-INIS= & AGRIS: Ex.1 : Journal Artie Ex.2i:;Gonference ipaiper in proceedings.1978.vp. INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY IAEA MICROFICHE PUBLICATIONS may be purchaaad from the International Atomic Energy Agency. Ke'mlner Ring ti. P.O. Box 690. A-1011 Vienna. Auitrie. Price: US Dollar 0.65 payable In advance by cheque or bank trantfer, or by mean* of Microfiche Coupon» available from IAEA. INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY VIENNA. 1979 PRICE: US $10.00