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EKOLOŠKE ZNAČAJKE RODA Telestes BONAPARTE, 1837 (ACTINOPTERYGII) NA PODRUČJU VELIKE I MALE KAPELE

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EKOLOŠKE ZNAČAJKE RODA Telestes BONAPARTE, 1837 (ACTINOPTERYGII) NA PODRUČJU VELIKE I MALE KAPELE Sveučilište u Zagrebu PRIRODOSLOVNO-MATEMATIČKI FAKULTET BIOLOŠKI ODSJEK Zoran Marčić TAKSONOMSKE I BIOLOŠKO- EKOLOŠKE ZNAČAJKE RODA Telestes BONAPARTE, 1837 (ACTINOPTERYGII) NA PODRUČJU VELIKE I MALE KAPELE DOKTORSKI RAD Zagreb, 2013. University of Zagreb FACULTY OF SCIENCE DIVISION OF BIOLOGY Zoran Marčić TAXONOMIC, BIOLOGICAL AND ECOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE GENUS Telestes BONAPARTE, 1837 (ACTINOPTERYGII) IN THE AREA OF VELIKA KAPELA AND MALA KAPELA MOUNTAINS DOCTORAL THESIS Zagreb, 2013. Ova je disertacija izrađena u Zoologijskom zavodu Biološkog odsjeka Prirodoslovno- matematičkog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Zagrebu, pod vodstvom prof. dr. sc. Perice Mustafića, u sklopu Sveučilišnog poslijediplomskog studija Biologije pri Biološkom odsjeku Prirodoslovno-matematičkog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Zagrebu. III Zahvaljujem mentoru prof. dr. sc. Perici Mustafiću na savjetima i pomoći tijekom izrade ove disertascije. Posebno hvala i prof. dr. sc. Miloradu Mrakovčiću koji je omogućio početak postdiplomskog studija te izradu ove disertacije. Hvala i svim kolegama (i sadašnjim i bivšim i pridruženim) iz laboratorija za kralješnjake Marku, Aljoši, Siniši, Ivani, Davoru, Tanji i Andreji na pomoći pri terenskom radu te savjetima i podršci. Hvala i mojim diplomanticama Ivani, Ani i Ireni na pomoći pri obradi uzoraka. Posebno hvala i gospođi Ivančici, Mariji i Vlatki na pomoći pri obradi makrozoobentosa i sadržaja želudaca. Veliko hvala i mojoj obitelji na podršci te poticaju s tisuću puta pitanim „Kad ćeš doktorirat'?“. Posebno hvala Maji, Špiru i Luce. IV TEMELJNA DOKUMENTACIJSKA KARTICA Sveučilište u Zagrebu Doktorski rad Prirodoslovno-matematički fakultet Biološki odsjek TAKSONOMSKE I BIOLOŠKO-EKOLOŠKE ZNAČAJKE RODA Telestes BONAPARTE, 1837 (ACTINOPTERYGII) NA PODRUČJU VELIKE I MALE KAPELE Zoran Marčić Zoologijski zavod, Biološki odsjek, Prirodoslovno-matematički fakultet, Sveučilište u Zagrebu, Rooseveltov trg 6, 10 000 Zagreb U ovom su radu prvi put istražene taksonomske te biološko-ekološke značajke riba iz roda Telestes na području Velike i Male Kapele. Uzorak je prikupljen elektroribolovom, a dodatni podaci prikupljeni su metodom opažanja tijekom ronjenja. Ovim je istraživanjem dokazano da na području istraživanja dolaze dvije vrste unutar ovog roda; svijetlica - T. polylepis sa sjeveroistočne strane i kapelska svijetlica - T. karsticus s jugozapadne strane planina Velike i Male Kapele. Znatno su se povećala znanja o rasprostranjenosti, morfometriji i meristici obiju vrsta te strukturi populacije, dužinsko-masenim odnosima, prehrani, starosti i rastu, razmnožavanju i smrtnosti kapelske svijetlice. Kapelska je svijetlica eurifagni omnivor i hrani se uglavnom makrozoobentosom, iako su u probavilu pronađeni i kopneni kukci, slatkovodni račići, ribe te alge i biljni materijal. Spolno je zrela u starosnoj kategoriji 1+, spada u litofile, a razmnožava se od sredine ožujka do sredine svibnja. Najstarija je jedinka kapelske svijetlice bila u starosnoj kategoriji 5+. (VI+178 stranica, 83 slike, 33 tablice, 130 literaturnih navoda, jezik izvornika hrvatski) Rad je pohranjen u Nacionalnoj i sveučilišnoj knjižnici, Avenija Hrvatske bratske zajednice 4, 10 000 Zagreb Ključne riječi: svijetlica / taksonomija i rasprostranjenost / biologija i ekologija vrste Mentor: dr. sc. Perica Mustafić, izvanredni profesor Ocjenjivači: dr. sc. Tomislav Treer, redoviti profesor dr. sc. Perica Mustafić, izvanredni profesor dr. sc. Mladen Kerovec, redoviti profesor Rad prihvaćen: 26. lipnja 2013. V BASIC DOCUMENTATION CARD University of Zagreb Doctoral thesis Faculty of Science Division of Biology TAXONOMIC, BIOLOGICAL AND ECOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE GENUS Telestes BONAPARTE, 1837 (ACTINOPTERYGII) IN THE AREA OF THE VELIKA KAPELA AND MALA KAPELA MOUNTAINS Zoran Marčić Department of Zoology, Division of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov trg 6, 10000 Zagreb In this thesis, the taxonomic, biological and ecological characteristics of the genus Telestes in the area of the Velika and Mala Kapela mountains were examined. Samples were collected by electrofishing and in a visual dive census. Two distinct species of the genus Telestes were found in the area of investigation; T. polylepis and T. karsticus, each on the opposite side of the Velika and Mala Kapela mountains. Accordingly, the knowledge of the distribution, morphometric and meristic characteristics for both species has been significantly improved. Also, the knowledge of the population structure, length-weight relationships, diet, age and growth, reproduction and mortality of T. karsticus has greatly improved. This species is a euryphagous omnivore. Benthic invertebrates accounted for the majority of the food consumed, although terrestrial insects, plant material, algae and fish were also found. The species sexually matures at the age of 1+. It is a litophylic species that spawns from mid- March to mid-May. The oldest specimen found was at the age of 5+. (VI+178 pages, 83 figures, 33 tables, 130 references, original in Croatian) Keywords: Croatian Dace / taxonomy and distribution / life history and autecology Supervisor: Perica Mustafić, PhD, Associate Professor Reviewers: Tomislav Treer, PhD, Full Professor Perica Mustafić, PhD, Associate Professor Mladen Kerovec, PhD, Full Professor Thesis accepted: 6 June 2013 VI SADRŽAJ 1 1. Uvod .................................................................................................................................................... 4 2. Literaturni pregled ............................................................................................................................. 10 2.1. Dosadašnja saznanja o rasprostranjenosti roda Telestes na području Velike i Male Kapele ..... 11 2.2 Pregled dosadašnjih istraživanja biologije i ekologije roda Telestes na području Velike i Male Kapele ................................................................................................................................................ 12 2.3. Pregled istraživanja biologije i ekologije ostalih vrsta iz roda Telestes ..................................... 12 2.4. Filogenetska i filogeografska istraživanja roda Telestes ............................................................ 14 2.5. Ostala istraživanja na rodu Telestes ........................................................................................... 15 3. Područje istraživanja i metode rada ................................................................................................... 16 3.1. Područje istraživanja .................................................................................................................. 17 3.2. Lokaliteti, metode uzorkovanja i konzerviranje uzoraka ........................................................... 34 3.3. Morfometrijske, fenološke i merističke analize ......................................................................... 36 3.4. Sastav populacije ........................................................................................................................ 39 3.5. Analiza odnosa dužine i mase tijela ........................................................................................... 39 3.6. Analiza prehrane ......................................................................................................................... 40 3.7. Analiza razmnožavanja .............................................................................................................. 44 3.8. Analiza starosti i rasta ................................................................................................................ 45 3.9. Smrtnost ..................................................................................................................................... 46 4. Rezultati ............................................................................................................................................ 48 4.1. Morfometrija, fenologija i meristika .......................................................................................... 49 4.2. Sastav populacije ........................................................................................................................ 58 4.2.1. Dužinski i maseni sastav ..................................................................................................... 58 4.2.2. Sastav po spolu .................................................................................................................... 61 4.2.3. Starosni sastav ..................................................................................................................... 64 4.3. Dužinsko-maseni odnos ............................................................................................................. 65 4.3.1. Kondicija ............................................................................................................................. 71 4.4. Prehrana ...................................................................................................................................... 78 4.4.1. Morfologija i relativna dužina probavila ............................................................................. 78 4.4.2. Bentos potoka Sušik ............................................................................................................ 80 4.4.3. Ispunjenost probavila........................................................................................................... 84 4.4.4 Sastav prehrane ....................................................................................................................
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