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An Analysis of the English Translations of Erzurum Folk Riddles in the Light of Raymond Van Den Broeck's Translation Critici

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An Analysis of the English Translations of Erzurum Folk Riddles in the Light of Raymond Van Den Broeck's Translation Critici Hacettepe University Graduate School of Social Sciences Department of Translation and Interpreting AN ANALYSIS OF THE ENGLISH TRANSLATIONS OF ERZURUM FO LK RIDDLES IN THE LIGHT OF RAYMOND VAN DEN BROECK’S TRANSLATION CRITICISM MODEL Duygu DALASLAN Master’s Thesis Ankara, 2015 AN ANALYSIS OF THE ENGLISH TRANSLATIONS OF ERZURUM FOLK RIDDLES IN THE LIGHT OF RAYMOND VAN DEN BROECK’S TRANSLATION CRITICISM MODEL Duygu DALASLAN Hacettepe University Graduate School of Social Sciences Department of Translation and Interpreting Master’s Thesis Ankara, 2015 iii DEDICATION I would like to dedicate my thesis to deceased Asst. Prof. Dr. İsmail BOZTAŞ who supported me a lot throughout my academic life. I feel very proud to be one of his students. iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Writing this thesis is one of the most difficult tasks of my life but I have been lucky for being surrounded by wonderful people who have never given up helping me during the course of writing my thesis. First of all, I would like to express my sincere feelings of appreciation to my thesis advisor Prof. Dr. Asalet ERTEN who has never hesitated to take the time to read all the sentences in my thesis one by one and to guide me through all of the difficulties I have experienced until the end. I am highly grateful for her patience. I would also like to thank all of the academicians, especially Asst. Prof. Dr. Hilal ERKAZANCI and Asst. Prof. Dr. Elif ERSÖZLÜ in the Department of Translation and Interpretation in English. This thesis would not have existed without their guidance and suggestions. I would also like to express my heartfelt gratitude to my precious friend, Esra ÇETİNKAYA who has always been very supportive during my studies. I also owe very special thanks to my friends Aykut SIĞIN, Gizem AKÇİL and Ceren ERDEMİR who have always helped me with both academic and life issues. Lastly, I must express my gratitude for my beloved mother Nesrin DALASLAN and father Emin DALASLAN. Thank you for loving me and encouraging me while facing the challenges of life. I feel blessed because you are my parents. Also, my dear grandmother Sultan ÇİLTAŞ, I would have never been able to write this thesis without your inspirations. v ÖZET DALASLAN, Duygu. Raymond van den Broeck’un Çeviri Eleştirisi Modeli Doğrultusunda Erzurum Halk Bilmecelerinin İngilizce Çevirilerinin İncelenmesi, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Ankara, 2015. Çeviri eleştirisi, özellikle son yıllarda ülkemizde birçok edebiyatçının ve akademisyenin ilgi alanına girmektedir. Ancak, çeviri eleştirisiyle ilgili olarak herhangi bir standarda ulaşılamadığı gözlemlenmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, en son 1960’lı yıllarda yapılan bilmece çevirilerine dikkat çekmektir. Bu yıllarda, İlhan Başgöz ve Andreas Tietze liderliğinde, birçok bölgeye ait bilmecelerin çevirileri yapılmıştır. Bu çeviriler, 1973 yılında Bilmece: A Corpus of Turkish Riddles isimli kitapta yayınlanmıştır. Bu kitap, bilmece çevirisi konusunda bir ilktir. Ancak, çalışmanın kapsamındaki bilmecelerin hepsini bu teze dâhil etmek mümkün olmadığından, sadece Erzurum yöresine ait bilmecelerin çevirilerinin eleştirisi yapılmıştır. Bu doğrultuda yapılan çeviri eleştirisi ise bu alanla ilgili olarak tarafsız birtakım kriterleri ilk defa dile getiren ve çeviri eleştirisini belli bir standarda bağlamayı amaçlayan Raymond van den Broeck’un modeline dayanmaktadır. Kaynak metin ve erek metin arasında karşılaştırmalı dilbilimsel analizi temel alan bu nesnel çalışmaya göre, eleştirmenin amacı, kaynak metinden yola çıkarak, erek metni analiz ettikten sonra, aralarındaki farklılıklara dayanarak, ortaya konan en son ürünün erek dizgenin normlarına uyularak oluşturulmuş kabul edilebilir bir çeviri veya kaynak dile ve kültüre bağlı kalınmakla beraber erek sistemin dayatmaları sonucunda ortaya konmuş yeterli bir çeviri olup olmadığını tespit etmektir. Çalışmanın bulguları, erek metin ve kaynak metin arasında, dil değişkeleri, morfolojik özellikler, sesbilimsel, sözcüksel ve anlamsal açıdan farklılıklar bulunmakta ve yapılan birtakım zorunlu deyiş kaydırmalarının sonucu olarak, Erzurum bilmecelerinin çevirilerinin yeterli ölçütte olduğunu göstermektedir. Anahtar Sözcükler Çeviri eleştirisi, bilmece, kabul edilebilir çeviri, yeterli çeviri, deyiş kaydırma. vi ABSTRACT DALASLAN, Duygu. An Analysis of the English Translations of Erzurum Folk Riddles in the light of Raymond van den Broeck’s Translation Criticism Model, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Ankara, 2015. Translation criticism has been a field of interest of many scholars in recent years. However, it is observed that certain standards for translation criticism have not been set yet. The purpose of this thesis is to draw attention to the translations of riddles that were done in 1960s. In these years, a lot of riddles from various regions of Turkey were translated under the leadership of İlhan Başgöz and Andreas Tietze. These translations were published in the book entitled Bilmece: A Corpus of Turkish Riddles in 1973. Riddle translation had never been handled until that book. As it is not possible to include all of those riddles in this thesis, only the translations of Erzurum riddles were the focus of criticism. Within this respect, the criticism is based on the model of Raymond van den Broeck who is the first to have put forward some objective criteria for translation criticism and who aimed to set standards for this field. According to this objective study that is based on the comparative linguistic analysis between the source text and the target text, the critic’s aim is to determine whether the final product is an acceptable translation which is formed pursuant to the target language norms or an adequate translation provided as a result of impositions of the target system, depending on the differences between the source text and the target text. The facts of the study convey that there are differences between the source text and the target text in terms of language varieties, morphological, phonological, lexical and semantic components and as a result of some obligatory shifts of expression, the translations of Erzurum riddles have been proven adequate. Key Words Translation criticism, riddle, acceptable translation, adequate translation, shift of expression. vii TABLE OF CONTENTS KABUL VE ONAY…………………………………………………………………......i BİLDİRİM……………………………………………………………………………...ii DEDICATION……………………………………………………………….………...iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS……………………………………………….…..………iv ÖZET……………………………………………………………...……………...……..v ABSTRACT………………………………………………………………...………….vi TABLE OF CONTENTS………………………………………………..……………vii INTRODUCTION……………………………………………………...…...………….1 I) GENERAL FRAMEWORK OF THE STUDY……………………............1 II) PURPOSE OF THE STUDY……………………………….................……3 III) RESEARCH QUESTIONS…………………………………......................3 IV) METHOD……………………………….……….………............................4 V) LIMITATIONS………………………………………….………..…………5 VI) OUTLINE OF THE THESIS………………………………………...……5 1. CHAPTER 1: FOLKLORE………………………………………………..……...7 1.1. DEFINITION OF FOLKLORE……………………………......................7 1.2. A HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF FOLKLORE………………......9 1.2.1. Europe…….……………………………….....................................9 1.2.2. Turkey…………………………………………………………....10 1.3. FOLKLORE AND LITERATURE……………………….…..……........12 1.4. GENRES OF FOLK LITERATURE…………………………....……...14 1.4.1. Western Folk Literature Genres…………………………….........14 1.4.1.1. Folktales………………………………...……...............14 1.4.1.2. Fairy Tales and Fables……………………………..…...15 1.4.1.3. Epics…………………………………………………....16 viii 1.4.1.4. Ballads…………………………………………….…....16 1.4.2. Turkish Folk Literature Genres……………………………...…...16 1.4.2.1. Jokes………………………………………………........17 1.4.2.2. Ditties………………………………………….....…….18 1.4.2.3. Requiems…………………………………………….....20 1.4.3. Riddles……………………………………………………..….....21 1.4.3.1. Definition of Riddles…………………………………...21 1.4.3.2. Characteristics of Riddles………………………………24 1.4.3.3. Riddles in Literature……………………………………26 1.4.3.3.1. Children’s Literature…………………….…...26 1.4.3.3.2. Adult’s Literature………………………...…..27 1.4.3.3.2.1. Anglo-American Riddle Forms….....27 1.4.3.3.2.2. Turkish Riddle Forms……………....29 1.4.3.4. Translation of Riddles……………………………….....31 2. CHAPTER 2: TRANSLATION CRITICISM AND ITS APPLICATION TO THE TRANSLATIONS OF ERZURUM RIDDLES………….………………...….33 2.1. CRITICISM, TRANSLATION AND TRANSLATION CRITICISM..33 2.2. DESCRIPTION OF RAYMOND VAN DEN BROECK’S MODEL OF TRANSLATION CRITICISM…………………………………………..37 2.3. ERZURUM REGION AND ITS LINGUISTIC PECULIARITIES ON PHONOLOGICAL LEVEL………………………………………...…...41 2.4. LÜTFULLAH SAMI AKALIN, THE COMPILER OF ERZURUM RIDDLES………………………………………………………………….42 2.5. İLHAN BAŞGÖZ, THE COMPILER OF ERZURUM RIDDLES…...42 2.6. BİLMECE: A CORPUS OF TURKISH RIDDLES, THE SOURCE BOOK……………………………………………………………………..43 ix 2.7. ANDREAS TIETZE, THE TRANSLATOR OF RIDDLES…………...44 2.8. PERTEV NAILI BORATAV, THE TRANSLATOR OF RIDDLES…45 2.9. GIDEON TOURY’S NORMS: “ADEQUACY” AND “ACCEPTABILITY”..…………………………………………………...45 2.10. THE APPLICATION OF RAYMOND VAN DEN BROECK’S MODEL OF TRANSLATION CRITICISM TO ERZURUM RIDDLES………………………………………………………………….47 2.10.1. Language Varieties…………………………………..…………….48 2.10.1.1. Dialect………………………………………………………...49 2.10.1.2. Register……………………………………………………….60 2.10.2. Morphological Components……………………………………….62 2.10.2.1. Reduplications………………………………………………...63 2.10.2.1.1. Emphatic Reduplication………………………..…...63 2.10.2.1.2. m-Reduplication………………………………….....65 2.10.2.1.3. Doublings………………………………………..….67 2.10.3. Phonological and Lexical Components……………………....……71 2.10.3.1. Rhyme…………………………………………………..........74
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