1

IN THE MATTER OF THE JOINT REVIEW PANEL ("JOINT PANEL")

ESTABLISHED TO REVIEW THE SITE C CLEAN ENERGY PROJECT

("PROJECT") PROPOSED BY HYDRO

AND POWER AUTHORITY ("BC HYDRO")

CANADA ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AGENCY

AND

BRITISH COLUMBIA ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OFFICE

______

PROCEEDINGS AT HEARING

January 8, 2014

Volume 14

Pages 1 to 262

______

C o p y

______

Held at:

George Dawson Inn

11705 8th Street

Dawson Creek, British Columbia

Realtime Connection [email protected] 2

APPEARANCES

JOINT REVIEW PANEL:

Dr. Harry Swain - Chairman Ms. Jocelyne Beaudet Mr. Jim Mattison

Brian Wallace, Esq. (Legal Counsel)

THE SECRETARIAT:

Courtney Trevis (panel Co-Manager) Brian Murphy (panel Co-Manager)

PARTICIPANTS:

Craig Godsoe, Esq., BC Hydro (Legal Counsel) Peter Feldberg, Esq., BC Hydro (Legal Counsel) Ms. Bridget Gilbride, BC Hydro (Legal Counsel)

REALTIME COURT REPORTING:

Mainland Reporting Services, Inc.

Nancy Nielsen, RPR, CSR(A), RCR Leanne Kowalyk, OCR

AUDIO/SOUND SYSTEM:

AVW-TELAV Audio Visual Solutions

Alex Barbour. Technical Services Representative.

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INDEX OF PROCEEDINGS

DESCRIPTION PAGE NO.

Opening remarks by the Chairman: 5

BC Hydro panel: 9 Susan Yurkovich Al Strang John Nunn Mike Savidant Siobhan Jackson Judy Reynier Trevor Proverbs Opening comment and undertaking 10 response by BC Hydro:

Presentation by Mr. Blair Lekstrom: 22 presentation by Mr. Donald Hoffmann: 82 presentation by Diane Culling: 90 presentation by Mr. James Little: 103

Presentation by British Columbia's 120 Women's Institute: Jill Copes Ruth Veiner Patsy Nagel Maya Wenger

Presentation by Gwen Johansson: 140

Presentation by Mr. Hadland: 160

Presentation by Ms. Doreen Hadland: 169

Presentation by Roy Kelly: 176

Presentation by Mr. Kevin knoblauch: 186

Presentation by Mr. Paul Gevatkoff: 209

Presentation by Wayne Dahlen: 215 Presentation by Blair Qualey and Jim 228 Inkster: Closing remarks by hydro: 253

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INDEX OF UNDERTAKINGS

DESCRIPTION PAGE NO.

UNDERTAKING 43: BC Hydro to provide 77 the panel with the references for the past studies on the horticultural potential of the Peace River Valley alluvial plain.

UNDERTAKING 44: Provide the panel with 174 the details of the calculation for the values of the loss of opportunities, specifically for the example of blueberry growing in the Peace River Valley.

UNDERTAKING 45: Provide the panel with 241 the breakdown of vehicles running from alternative energy sold since the incentive program started

Realtime Connection [email protected] 5

1 January 8, 2014

2 , British Columbia

3 (Proceedings commenced at 1:02 p.m.)

4

5 Opening remarks by the Chairman:

6 THE CHAIRMAN: Good afternoon, ladies and

7 gentlemen, and welcome to the general session in

8 Dawson Creek of the hearings regarding the Site C

9 project.

10 First of all, I should express our

11 appreciation for the Treaty 8 First Nations in

12 whose Traditional Territory we are holding this

13 hearing.

14 My name is Harry Swain, and to my left is

15 James Mattison, and to my right is Jocelyne

16 Beaudet, my colleagues on the panel.

17 The Secretariat staff, who are the people who

18 have name tags on them, will be able to assist you

19 with any questions you might have.

20 We have court reporters and audio-visual

21 staff as well.

22 The purpose of this session is to hear

23 comments from the public about the project. The

24 hearing is also designed to provide opportunities

25 for BC Hydro to explain the proposed project and to

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1 respond to concerns and questions people raise.

2 Our job as a panel is to assess and provide

3 conclusions on the environmental, economic, social,

4 health, and heritage effects of the project in a

5 manner consistent with the requirements of the

6 Canadian Environmental Assessment Act 2012 and the

7 BC Environmental Assessment Act.

8 We are also required to recommend mitigation

9 measures and follow-up programs for the management

10 of these effects should the project proceed.

11 And we're supposed to include a summary of

12 information received at this hearing that may help

13 governments determine the justification for the

14 project considering any mitigation measures should

15 it proceed.

16 The panel will receive information regarding

17 the manner in which the project may adversely

18 effect asserted or established Aboriginal Rights

19 and Treaty Rights as well as information regarding

20 the location, extent and exercise of those rights

21 as they may be affected by the project.

22 The panel cannot make any determination on

23 the nature and scope of asserted Aboriginal Rights

24 or their strength, or on the scope of the Crown's

25 duty to consult, or whether the Crown has met its

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1 duty to consult and accommodate. The panel also

2 cannot make a determination on Treaty

3 interpretation or whether elements of the project

4 infringe Treaty No. 8. All this goes to

5 better-paid people.

6 We are an independent panel. We are not

7 BC Hydro. We are not part of the Government of

8 Canada or the Government of BC. We are appointed

9 by the two governments for a short time to conduct

10 an assessment of the effects of the proposed

11 project under the relevant laws.

12 After the hearings, we will prepare a report

13 for the Federal Minister of the Environment and for

14 the Executive Director of the BC Environmental

15 Assessment Office. This report will be submitted

16 within 90 days of the close of the hearing and will

17 be made available to the public by the governments,

18 not us. But in an unredacted form.

19 Your participation and involvement is very

20 important to us, and we trust it is helpful to both

21 BC Hydro and other participants.

22 I want to assure you that we take our

23 responsibility in this matter very seriously. We

24 ask everyone here to do the same.

25 When you speak to us, you are not required to

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1 give evidence under oath, and you are certainly not

2 required to have a lawyer, but everyone is expected

3 to speak honestly and to give good information.

4 Our duty is to remain independent and

5 impartial. As a result, we cannot engage in

6 private discussion on these matters with anyone

7 involved in these proceedings. We do apologize if

8 we appear detached or unapproachable. We just need

9 to ensure that our behaviour does not give anyone

10 any reason to be concerned regarding our

11 impartiality.

12 All the documents filed in this proceeding

13 will be placed on the public record unless

14 otherwise ordered by the panel as a result of a

15 formal request for confidentiality. Our strong

16 preference is to avoid accepting information that

17 can't be shared.

18 You should also note that transcripts are

19 being produced by our court reporter. For that

20 reason, it is essential that you use the

21 microphones when speaking and speak reasonably

22 slowly. Transcripts of testimony will be available

23 on the website the day after the hearing.

24 When you do come forward to speak, please

25 identify yourself and spell your last name for the

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1 court reporter.

2 When it comes time for questions, I remind

3 you to address questions or comments to me as the

4 panel chair. I will then direct them to the

5 appropriate person or group for a response.

6 We will go through the presentations that

7 have been signalled in advance and prepared by

8 interested parties and are on the agenda. At the

9 end of that period, if there are further comments

10 that people wish to make, time permitting, we will

11 do so.

12 When we have heard from everybody who wants

13 to speak or for whom there is time for speaking, we

14 will turn to BC Hydro and provide them an

15 opportunity to respond.

16 I would now like to turn to BC Hydro for

17 their opening comments.

18

19 BC Hydro panel:

20 Susan Yurkovich

21 Al Strang

22 John Nunn

23 Mike Savidant

24 Siobhan Jackson

25 Judy Reynier

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1 Trevor Proverbs

2

3 Opening comment and undertaking response by BC Hydro:

4 MS. YURKOVICH: Thank you, Mr. Chair.

5 Good afternoon.

6 I would like to start with the undertaking

7 that you directed to us last evening around coal

8 seams and ask Mr. Nunn to respond if that's all

9 right.

10 MR. NUNN: Thank you, Susan.

11 Mr. Chair, the issue of coal seams within the

12 bedrock which would be submerged by the reservoir

13 was raised yesterday. The bedrock geology is

14 described in Volume 2, Section 11.2, and Appendix B

15 part two.

16 Minor, that's thin coal seams are present

17 within some of the sedimentary bedrock units.

18 However, the coal seams are not linked to any

19 landslides, because, in fact, landslides within the

20 area are controlled by bedding plane shears which

21 have clay seams within the shale.

22 Also, creation of the reservoir is not

23 expected to cause any issues with acid rock

24 drainage or metal leaching from the coal which --

25 and any associated mineralization, because once the

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1 coal seams have flooded, they will be deprived of

2 oxygen in the subaqueous environment, and there

3 would not be any contamination from them.

4 There is a second matter, which I believe

5 Madam Beaudet raised, I would like to clarify.

6 It's related to the geology as well. And that is a

7 question about whether islands in the river have

8 changed since regulation by Bennett Dam.

9 Bedrock islands upstream of Hudson's Hope and

10 the Gates Island, which is 11 kilometres downstream

11 of Hudson's Hope are unchanged because they are of

12 fairly hard bedrock. However, the gravel islands,

13 which are throughout the reach of the river from

14 Peace Canyon down to Site C, have changed. Every

15 year prior to regulation, fresh outflows were very

16 high, and the gravel bars would have moved as they

17 do in most rivers.

18 Since regulation, fresh outflows have been a

19 lot lower. Vegetation has established on the

20 islands, and they have become more stable, and they

21 have grown.

22 And that's described in Volume 2, Appendix I,

23 fluvial geomorphology.

24 Thank you.

25 THE CHAIRMAN: Thank you, Mr. Nunn.

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1 Susan, carry on.

2

3 BC Hydro panel:

4 Susan Yurkovich

5 Al Strang

6 John Nunn

7 Mike Savidant

8 Siobhan Jackson

9 Trevor Proverbs

10 Judy Reynier.

11

12 MS. YURKOVICH: I have some opening remarks

13 if it's all right. Thanks.

14 So good afternoon. My name is Susan

15 Yurkovich, and I'm the executive at BC Hydro

16 responsible of the Site C project. I'm joined by

17 Al Strang, our environment manager; John Nunn, our

18 chief engineer; Mike Savidant, our commercial

19 manager; Siobhan Jackson, socio-economic manager;

20 Judy Reynier, who is responsible for properties;

21 and Trevor Proverbs, our director of First Nations.

22 We have previously, at previous open

23 sessions, talked a little bit about our

24 consultation process, some of the mitigation that's

25 been provided, and business opportunities. Today I

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1 would like to focus on what we've heard from Dawson

2 Creek through consultation and engagement with

3 local government, the business community and the

4 public.

5 Since 2007, BC Hydro has held multiple

6 meetings in Dawson Creek to discuss the project and

7 hosted open houses in the community for project

8 definition consultation.

9 The City of Dawson Creek, through Mayors

10 Bernier and Bumstead and Councillor Shuman have

11 also been active participants in the project's

12 regional and local government liaison committee

13 since 2010.

14 During our consultation with the community,

15 we heard a strong interest in opportunities for

16 local businesses to benefit from the project, and

17 in response have worked with the community and

18 partnered with the local chamber of commerce to

19 host business information sessions in 2011 and

20 2012.

21 Dawson Creek is well-known for its

22 open-for-business attitude, and we are confident

23 that the construction of Site C will provide

24 opportunities for businesses of all sizes, small,

25 medium and large, to capitalise on the benefits of

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1 the project.

2 We also heard from the community about the

3 importance of skills training and an interest in

4 local hiring opportunities. But to hire locally,

5 we need to ensure that there is a skilled pool of

6 available labour from which contractors can choose,

7 and we know that this region has a high demand for

8 labour.

9 The majority of the project workforce would

10 be employed at the dam site and represent a broad

11 cross-section of construction trades, which is

12 carpenters, electricians, plumbers, labourers,

13 welders, machinists, and heavy equipment operators.

14 As home to one of the campuses of the

15 Northern Lights College, Dawson Creek is a

16 community that attracts students that are motivated

17 to become part of the important skilled labour

18 workforce.

19 We are pleased to be partnering with the

20 college, and in 2013 and '14 marked the inaugural

21 year for our new student bursary program to support

22 skills training in the North Peace Region. We

23 believe these important investments in trades and

24 skills training will help the business community to

25 be ready to take advantage of the economic

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1 opportunities that the Site C project will offer.

2 Mr. Chair, if I may, I would like now to take

3 this opportunity to address a question raised by

4 Madam Beaudet in our meeting at Hudson's Hope.

5 Madam asked us about our views regarding the

6 threshold that we would consider in our evaluation

7 of the number of people impacted by the project,

8 the affected or displaced population.

9 And while this was not recorded as a formal

10 undertaking, we have reflected on that question and

11 I would like to respond to it today.

12 I believe Madam referred to the spring 2007

13 edition of the Journal of International Policy

14 Solutions, the paper entitled "Addressing the

15 Social Impacts of Large Hydropower Dams," and this

16 was also referenced in a presentation by Ms. Okada,

17 and you also referenced the World Commission on

18 Dams, chapter 4. I would like to comment on those

19 documents and the context of Site C.

20 Our approach and our thinking has been guided

21 by the principles of early engagement and with

22 potentially-affected property owners and the desire

23 to minimize the impacts from the project. Our

24 engagement with these property owners began in

25 2007, well before we entered the formal

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1 Environmental Assessment process. Our impact line

2 approach, which you heard about in Hudson's Hope

3 from Mr. Porter, is designed to protect public

4 safety, but while ensuring the flexibility of land

5 use.

6 We also undertook a comprehensive review of

7 all the key elements of the project, including the

8 dam and associated works, access roads and Highway

9 29 re-alignment, through the lens of minimizing the

10 needs of private property. And we continue to look

11 for ways to minimize impacts both on properties and

12 on their owners.

13 Our analysis to date shows that approximately

14 120 properties, owners, would have land that may be

15 affected by the project. This is approximately a

16 half of 1 percent of the number of households in

17 the Peace River Regional District based on the

18 number of households as reported by Statistics

19 Canada.

20 Of those 120 potentially-impacted properties,

21 30 are properties where residences affected by the

22 project, of which approximately 10, may be able to

23 be moved to another part of the property. 10 may

24 be able to stay where they are today, subject to

25 other geotechnical investigation. And 10 privately

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1 owned residents would not be able to remain with

2 the reservoir.

3 When we looked at the literature from the

4 World Commission on Dams in the Journal of

5 International Policy about development-induced

6 displacement and focused on resettlement, this

7 generally refers to the movement of large groups of

8 people from thousands to millions.

9 In the case of the project, no community is

10 being displaced. The anticipated number of

11 residential properties resulted -- impacted as a

12 result of Site C, up to 30 residences, is low

13 relative to the number in the region.

14 Of the 34 farming operations in the project

15 area, there is one that may not be able to continue

16 to operate. The other 33 farms would have a

17 portion of their land impacted, but farming

18 operations could continue. And in addition, while

19 there would be loss of agricultural land

20 capability, mitigation and compensation would

21 support their continued operation.

22 In the World Commission on Dams, it states

23 that compensation is understood to refer to

24 specific measures intended to make good the losses

25 suffered by people affected by the dam, and further

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1 identified cash compensation as the principal

2 vehicle for delivering resettlement benefits, and

3 discusses instances where compensation was lacking

4 or inadequate.

5 The report also identifies that even when

6 everyone may not see negotiated compensation as the

7 most appropriate or effective option, affected

8 people tend to feel more satisfied having engaged

9 in the negotiation process and providing a legal

10 framework that governs the process of displacement

11 is important for protecting the rights of affected

12 people.

13 For BC Hydro, our approach provides for

14 negotiations with property owners and farm

15 operators whose lands are affected by the project

16 to support them in continuing to use the land. And

17 in BC, we have legislation regarding compensation

18 for property owners whose lands are impacted by

19 capital projects built for public benefit.

20 As Ms. Reynier described in Hudson's Hope,

21 the property owners are compensated for market

22 value of the land. In addition, there is a --

23 residential properties are provided with additional

24 compensation of 5 percent of the market value of

25 the residence and an area of residential land and

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1 other expenses: Moving, legal, advice, et cetera.

2 And, where appropriate, business losses.

3 This approach to compensation enables

4 property owners to make their own decisions about

5 relocating to a place that suits them best.

6 We think it's also important to note that the

7 concluding remarks of the Journal that I referenced

8 were made I think in the context of developing

9 world where there may not be the same kind of

10 regulatory oversight and process for environmental

11 assessment as we have in Canada.

12 And in developing countries, there is a need

13 to safeguard the rights of vulnerable communities,

14 and this paper calls for such a framework in

15 dealing with those matters.

16 British Columbia and Canada has a rigorous

17 environmental assessment process and a framework

18 for compensating owners whose lands are affected by

19 the project.

20 In thinking about this question, we also

21 considered other large capital projects in the

22 province, and there have been a number where

23 agricultural or commercial or industrial or

24 residences have been affected. There were 2,000

25 properties for the Vancouver Island Highway, 600

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1 privately-owned properties for the South Fraser

2 Perimeter Road, 80 private residences for the

3 Cassiar Tunnel Project in Vancouver, and there are

4 currently about 150 privately owned properties,

5 including 17 residences for the Evergreen Transit

6 Line in Vancouver.

7 Site C in contrast could result in between 10

8 and 30 residences potentially being displaced, and

9 this is a small number in the context of other

10 capital projects. I just mentioned it in terms of

11 other dams.

12 However, we understand that for families and

13 individuals who are directly impacted, they will

14 feel differently.

15 So I recognize that this doesn't -- this only

16 provides the context for the question. However, as

17 you can imagine, choosing an exact threshold is a

18 very difficult and subjective thing to do.

19 In case of Site C, there is no community

20 being completely displaced. The majority of farms

21 will continue to operate. The number of impacted

22 properties is small relative to other capital

23 projects and regional population, and impacted

24 landowners will be fairly compensated. Therefore,

25 we believe that this is below a reasonable

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1 threshold for a project of this nature and this

2 size.

3 We thank you for the opportunity to respond

4 to Madam's question.

5 THE CHAIRMAN: Thank you, Ms. Yurkovich.

6 Are there any comments that anybody in the

7 room would like to raise about the remarks that

8 Hydro has just made?

9 MR. ROSS PECK: Ross Peck, P-e-c-k, one of

10 the landowners -- one of the 34 landowners still in

11 the valley.

12 I just would like to ask in regards to your

13 analysis, Ms. Yurkovich, if you've considered the

14 impacts of -- I'm scratching for the years --

15 60-some years of flood reserve in the Peace Valley,

16 your passive land acquisition policies that have

17 been on-again, off-again for the past 40 years, and

18 what a different place the valley would be if those

19 were not in place during that time?

20 THE CHAIRMAN: Hydro, do you care to respond

21 to that?

22 MS. YURKOVICH: No, we haven't analyzed the

23 impact of the flood reserve that's been in place

24 from 1957. We recognize that that has created

25 uncertainty in the valley, and Mr. Peck is correct

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1 about that.

2 THE CHAIRMAN: Thank you. Any other

3 comments?

4 In that case, I would like to call on

5 Mr. Blair Lekstrom.

6 And thank you, sir, for coming. It's not

7 every day that we welcome a former minister to

8 these proceedings.

9

10 Presentation by Mr. Blair Lekstrom:

11 MR. BLAIR LEKSTROM: Well, thank you, Mr. Chair,

12 members of the panel, all of the interested parties

13 here this afternoon.

14 It is my pleasure to be here today to bring

15 you my view on the Site C project, both from a

16 perspective of having served in a government before

17 that was part of this decision, as well as an

18 individual who has grown up and lived in Dawson

19 Creek all of my life. I think that without

20 question I will begin, and many of the people that

21 expressed their views either for or against it are

22 friends. I've never let politics or decisions such

23 as this affect friendships. It is the bright spot

24 of the democracy that we live in that we're able to

25 attend forums such as this and bring our views

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1 forward. So for that I'm grateful.

2 I do want to begin by making it clear, and I

3 don't think this will be a surprise to anybody in

4 this room, that I am a very large supporter of the

5 development of the Site C project. I think the

6 discussion is a significantly different one,

7 because it is the third dam on the Peace River

8 versus a discussion if it was the first dam that we

9 were talking about here, and with that context, I

10 bring my comments.

11 There is a need for this project, and there

12 seems to have been a misconception that I've heard

13 from members of my family who have questioned it

14 going back years, to friends, different people

15 saying originally that this project was being

16 developed for export power, because we were a net

17 exporter, and we turned roughly $100 million a year

18 to the benefit of the ratepayers.

19 That is not why this facility and this

20 project is being developed. It is being developed

21 because of the need for British Columbians. We

22 continue to grow our economy and our population.

23 As we continue to do that, we also incur far more

24 benefits in the lifestyles we have, with the

25 electronics we use, and as a result we continue to

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1 grow the need for the electricity we need.

2 We've all heard the numbers, a 40 percent

3 increase in demand over the next 20 years.

4 So to put this in context, this is not about

5 the need to export power. This is not about the

6 need to supply the LNG developments that are being

7 talked about in British Columbia today, none of

8 which have become a reality. The decision on this

9 was made without that in consideration. I think

10 that's an important factor to take into note.

11 As we stand today, we actually have enough

12 electricity in British Columbia. That hasn't

13 always been the case. We have gone from being a

14 self-sufficient province in the generation of our

15 meeting our own electrical needs, to being a net

16 importer, back to now again today meeting our own

17 demand. So it's a volatile market, and there are

18 certain ways and aspects in generating electricity

19 that I see are more beneficial than others.

20 We are very fortunate and blessed with a wide

21 array of opportunities to generate electricity in

22 British Columbia, whether it be wind or solar,

23 tidal, geothermal, hydro-electric, but without

24 question, the one thing that in my mind and my

25 experience over the years has been that firm power

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1 is the backbone to a strong economy. Wind is about

2 32 percent efficient I think on average when you

3 look at the global numbers. Again, very worthwhile

4 endeavour, but I think it's a good offset to firm

5 power.

6 A hydro-electric system that utilizes the

7 reservoir, and in this case, two reservoirs ahead

8 of the Site C dam, to generate electricity makes

9 all the sense in the world.

10 We've heard a bit, and I've been following

11 the hearings and listening in. Certainly it's been

12 an interest of mine, not just because I was in

13 government, but long before that. My father, as a

14 boy, I went and watched him work on the WAC Bennett

15 Dam, and so as this discussion has gone on for, I

16 would suggest, a number of decades, there's no

17 question in my mind that a project of this

18 magnitude that has hung on and been in that

19 discussion phase for this long must have some merit

20 to it.

21 The issue of the third dam on the river, as I

22 said, I think sheds some different light on the

23 discussion we're having. I think it is important

24 to note that. The economic benefits of the dam,

25 and I'm going to cover a number of areas through my

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1 talk, are significant, not just to northeast

2 British Columbia, not just to Fort St. John or

3 Taylor or Hudson's Hope or Chetwynd, but we as a

4 region work together. We learned that many years

5 ago. We're about -- I'll use probably a high

6 number -- 70,000 people on this side of the Rocky

7 Mountains today, cover a great deal of the land

8 mass, create a great deal of the wealth for the

9 Province so that we can all as British Columbians

10 enjoy a quality of life that we've become

11 accustomed to. We are proud of that.

12 All of us, you know, we seem to sometimes get

13 into this avenue of you're an environmentalist or

14 you're not an environmentalist. I think we're all

15 environmentalists. I think we all have a job to do

16 in looking after the footprint we leave on this

17 land base. Some projects and some things we do

18 leave greater footprints, and if we can mitigate

19 those as I heard you, Mr. Chairman, talk about in

20 your earlier comments, it is our job to find ways

21 to mitigate impacts should things proceed, and I

22 think we can do that in this case.

23 This is an interesting issue for BC Hydro.

24 I'll speak to that. This is a government policy.

25 Government has given direction to BC Hydro to

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1 pursue this. It is then BC Hydro's job to take

2 government policy and implement that. In this

3 case, we are going through this process. You're

4 hearing I'm sure all kinds of presentations for and

5 against the project.

6 And, again, I want to go back. There's no

7 one right person or right answer that says you're

8 right and I'm wrong or I'm right and you're wrong.

9 This is about our ability to bring to the table our

10 experiences, our expertise, I guess, really our

11 passion about where we live and the province in

12 which we operate in, but I also want to make it

13 very clear that I do look at this as a position

14 British Columbia holds that is the envy of the

15 world.

16 Not many jurisdictions on the planet have the

17 opportunity and the vast array of opportunity to

18 generate electricity that British Columbia does.

19 As I spoke to the wind, the solar, the tidal,

20 the geothermal, wave, much of these still in their

21 infancy. Some have been developed. You see the

22 Bear Mountain Windfarm, which was the first one in

23 British Columbia. I was proud to be part of that.

24 We've seen others come up, and we'll see more in

25 the future, I believe. But, again, I look at those

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1 as an offset to firm power generated.

2 And I am an extremely proud British

3 Columbian. One that, you know, I wouldn't say

4 offence -- was offended by the fact that we had to

5 be a net importer of electricity, but it made very

6 little sense in a resource-rich province like

7 ourselves that we would have let ourselves get to

8 that position.

9 I know that many people have brought forward

10 the idea of we are very rich in natural gas

11 production here in British Columbia. We see the

12 reserves continue to expand. We see the

13 opportunity for a liquified natural gas.

14 Opportunity here for export offshore. Why don't we

15 just generate electricity through natural gas?

16 I do want to point out it is a very volatile

17 market. Natural gas was deregulated in 1986, I

18 believe, under what was referred to as the

19 Hallowe'en Agreement. It then meant that we would

20 pay market value for our gas even though it came

21 from under our feet.

22 When the gas prices are low, that's

23 exceptionally good for everybody involved. When

24 they are not so low, that effects electricity rates

25 tremendously.

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1 So although today it would be an economic way

2 to generate electricity, and without question I'm a

3 big supporter of natural gas as well, I'll put that

4 on the record, I think if we become dependent on

5 natural gas electricity generation, we become very

6 vulnerable to the market. I'm not a supporter of

7 that. As I said, there are a number of things that

8 really create a firm backbone for a strong economy

9 in a province, and your firm and reliable supply of

10 clean energy is one of those. And as I said

11 earlier, we are extremely fortunate to have that.

12 Self-sufficiency I touched on briefly in my

13 opening remarks. I think is something that if we

14 understand it fully, I can't imagine a British

15 Columbian not wanting to be electricity

16 self-sufficient in the area in which we live. The

17 discussion is one that many jurisdictions are not

18 even able to have. It's just unrealistic to think

19 that many of them could actually become electricity

20 self-sufficient, because of their location, because

21 of the resources that are available to them. So in

22 our case, not only can we be electricity

23 self-sufficient, we have the ability to help others

24 as well look to what we have.

25 I know there's been discussion on the gas,

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1 and I'll go back to that as I bounce around. They

2 look to Alberta. There's been comparisons there.

3 We actually have gone down a path of clean energy.

4 We think that -- and I say "we" as British

5 Columbians. It's difficult. I'm not quite a year

6 out of government, so I sometimes catch myself

7 falling back into that discussion, so I'll work

8 very hard at that, Mr. Chairman, that I'm here as

9 Blair Lekstrom, the individual.

10 But as we move ahead, not just for ourselves,

11 there were people before myself and before yourself

12 that made decisions that helped build this

13 province, and there were people that disagreed with

14 those decisions at the time. And I'm sure as time

15 went on, many of those people may have reflected

16 and thought, you know, changed their mind. Many

17 may not have.

18 At the end of the day, this decision will be

19 made. You'll make a recommendation, put your ideas

20 forward, and then a final decision will be made.

21 There will be people that are happy with that

22 decision, And I'm sure there will be people that

23 will be disappointed with that decision.

24 And as unfortunate as that is, I can't think

25 of a more democratic way to be able to deal with

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1 things like this.

2 When we look around the world, there are many

3 areas that wouldn't be going through this if a

4 government made the decision to do something, and

5 we've seen it, they move ahead and do it regardless

6 of the impact.

7 The -- I talked about the policy, and I'm a

8 firm supporter in our policy. The economic

9 benefits as I touched on with the -- I'm quite

10 confident you have the numbers before you, but

11 around 10,000 person-years of direct employment

12 during construction, roughly 33,000 jobs total

13 throughout all the phases. These are very

14 significant numbers. Tax revenue to the

15 government. They have negotiated, as I understand

16 it, an agreement with the Peace River Regional

17 District that will see $2.4 million per year over

18 70 years indexed to inflation, once the project

19 becomes a reality and it goes into production.

20 These are significant numbers, because my

21 entire life, and I've been here 52 years, as long

22 as I can remember, there's always been the

23 discussion in the northeast part of British

24 Columbia that we contribute so much to this

25 province and we don't get our fair share back.

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1 That has changed significantly, and I'm proud to

2 say that I hope I played a part in that.

3 Will it ever be enough in people's minds?

4 I'm not sure. But you also -- as you grow and you

5 learn and, you know, I guess mature a bit, you

6 recognize that in order for us to have a quality of

7 life -- I want a quality of life for all British

8 Columbians. This isn't about just building a

9 strong economy for northeast British Columbia.

10 It's about building a strong province, and together

11 we are actually far greater than we are

12 individually, and that goes back to -- I had the

13 honour of serving as the mayor of Dawson Creek some

14 time ago, and I think there would be most people

15 that live in this region would agree there's been a

16 pretty good friendly rivalry between the North

17 Peace and South Peace over the many decades of our

18 existence.

19 And the one thing we did learn though, and I

20 go back to the days of Mayor Thorlakson in Fort

21 St. John and myself, coming to the recognition that

22 if we're going to be able to move the northeast

23 ahead, we have to do it together. Dawson Creek

24 can't do it alone. Fort St. John can't do it

25 alone, Hudson's Hope or Chetwynd or

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1 or for that matter.

2 So there's been an effort for quite some time

3 now to bring things to the table in a concerted

4 effort to help build a stronger economy here which

5 benefits all of us.

6 The dam itself, I mean, a thousand metres

7 long, 60 metres high, 6 generators and, of course,

8 you know, my memory is relatively good, so I could

9 be a little off, and I stand to be corrected on

10 some of the information I'm speaking about here.

11 It just seems like the right project regardless of

12 government policy, and I was part of that policy,

13 and I'll speak to that briefly.

14 If we had no government policy before us

15 today to even consider, and we looked at the need

16 for British Columbia to generate additional

17 electricity, in my mind, this project would be the

18 one I would look at. And, again, certainly a

19 different discussion because it's the third dam on

20 an existing river versus the first dam, and I can't

21 express that enough.

22 But we also -- I talked about policy --

23 brought in a Clean Energy Act. That Clean Energy

24 Act was very well debated, not just within our

25 government, but on the floor of the legislature. I

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1 brought that forward. Does it mean that as a

2 minister that you bring something forward,

3 everything you ever thought should be in there is

4 in there? No, I think the reality is you work

5 collaboratively with your colleagues. You then

6 take it to the floor of the legislature. You have

7 a good, open debate. You learn, and I have no

8 problem saying this, on occasion from the

9 opposition who brings up ideas that you may not

10 have thought of.

11 But combined, we put the Clean Energy Act in

12 place, we brought our clean energy requirement up

13 to 93 percent. I've had questions: Where did we

14 get that number? Why did we choose it? I guess

15 ideally you would like to say 100 percent. You

16 have to be a realist. I don't think there's

17 probably another jurisdiction anywhere in the world

18 that could actually put 93 percent as their

19 objective for clean energy and meet that

20 realistically. We can.

21 And we can as a result of certain benefits we

22 have, our location, our many vast rivers that we

23 have.

24 So overall, Mr. Chairman, I am here to

25 express my tremendous support for the project, but

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1 I do also want to speak to the impacts that this

2 has.

3 There is no question that the development of

4 Site C dam has an impact on our land base and

5 families in this region. Without question.

6 From the time I was involved as a Mayor and

7 made my personal views well known that I supported

8 the project, moving on to government, as I said, I

9 don't think it's a surprise to anybody that I'm

10 here speaking in support of this project. But I do

11 recognize, and although I'm not in that position,

12 you try and put yourself in the position of the

13 families who are directly impacted by this.

14 We heard Mr. Peck earlier, a gentleman I've

15 got to know over the last number of years and I

16 have a great deal of respect for.

17 The impact that you see is far more than just

18 the value of a home or value of a land. This is

19 where people have raised their families. This is

20 where they've developed their life.

21 And BC Hydro may or may not be surprised to

22 hear me say this: I know we talk about the value

23 of their land and home. I differ substantially

24 from government on this, and I have, and I've said

25 this before very clearly. If somebody is directly

Mainland Reporting Services Inc. [email protected] 36

1 impacted and has to leave their home, where they've

2 raised their family possibly, where maybe it was

3 handed down from their parents and they continue to

4 farm, and at the end of the day a decision is made

5 that this project is moving ahead and they'll have

6 to be displaced -- I'll give you an example of what

7 I'm trying to get at.

8 If the value of the home and the land was a

9 million dollars, and BC Hydro I know had talked

10 about -- Ms. Yurkovich talked about a 5 percent

11 increase above that for impact. I personally don't

12 think that's anywhere near enough, and all the

13 money in the world is not going to solve the issue

14 and the impact on these families, but if I use a

15 round number of a million dollars that the value of

16 the home and the land was worth and they had to be

17 displaced, you know, I'm not opposed to saying on a

18 project of this magnitude, I would double that.

19 And I know the Expropriation Act comes in, and

20 there's a great deal of discussion that goes on,

21 but government has the ability to make decisions

22 and make adjustments.

23 I do think that has to be taken into

24 consideration, and I would not be sitting here

25 saying I have the right decision and the people

Mainland Reporting Services Inc. [email protected] 37

1 that oppose this project are wrong. There are

2 impacts, but -- and I've recognized those impacts

3 as an individual and as a minister, but I also know

4 that this is the right project, and this is the

5 right time to build this project, and it is not

6 without impact. We have to recognize that and your

7 words earlier.

8 I'll go back to mitigation. If this project

9 proceeds, we have to mitigate in everything we

10 possibly can do to achieve that mitigation, but

11 there just doesn't seem to be I think a more

12 beneficial project to develop electricity to meet

13 the needs of British Columbians.

14 And the one thing they do teach us in

15 politics is you can talk a very long time and

16 continue to not say anything. I don't want to put

17 myself in that position, Mr. Chair, and members of

18 the panel.

19 I will close by saying I'm a proud British

20 Columbian. I was extremely proud to be part of a

21 government that moved this project forward. I'm

22 extremely proud to be the minister that moved it to

23 the next stage along with Premier Campbell, but I

24 also am extremely proud to be a resident of this

25 region, and I respect the views of those who are

Mainland Reporting Services Inc. [email protected] 38

1 for this project and those who are against it, and

2 I respect the work of both sides, both the

3 environmental side who at times have seen

4 opposition to this and expressed that, and to the

5 members of BC Hydro who I think have worked so hard

6 doing the job they've been asked to do by

7 government.

8 So, Mr. Chair, I will leave it at that and

9 try and answer any questions you may have of

10 anything I've said here today, but this is a good

11 project regardless if we didn't entertain any

12 policy before us today that the government has set

13 forth. If we sat here and talked about we as

14 British Columbia need to look at developing

15 additional electricity to meet our own demands,

16 this would be the highest priority I think on the

17 table that we would probably be discussing.

18 So I thank you for your time here today.

19 THE CHAIRMAN: Thank you, Mr. Lekstrom.

20 That's a very interesting introduction, and I'm

21 sure that there'll be people in the room who have

22 questions they want to raise. Perhaps I could

23 start.

24 As we read the voluminous material that Hydro

25 has been constrained to prepare and the record of

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1 the pre-panel stages and all of the interventions

2 and so on, it became clear to us that the Clean

3 Energy Act for which you were the responsible

4 minister, very, very strongly shaped the choices

5 that were available to the province and to Hydro,

6 and I wanted to -- without getting into cabinet

7 confidences or any of that sort of stuff -- but to

8 ask you a little bit about the thinking that lay

9 behind some of these constraints.

10 You mentioned the record of the government of

11 which you were a part on greenhouse gases and with

12 some pride and I think rightly. You could have put

13 in a higher carbon tax and let all enterprises,

14 including Hydro, make appropriate choices, and yet

15 the government elected to say 93 percent is the

16 number.

17 Could you comment on that?

18 MR. BLAIR LEKSTROM: Certainly, Mr. Chair.

19 As I said, how did we come to the number? I

20 mean, there's a great deal of discussion that takes

21 place, and rightfully so, you expressed I can't

22 breach cabinet confidentiality --

23 THE CHAIRMAN: Yes, Yes.

24 MR. BLAIR LEKSTROM: -- so I won't speak about the

25 discussions that took place there.

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1 A lot of discussion was around the fact,

2 first of all, not many jurisdictions as I said

3 earlier have the opportunity to even begin this

4 discussion to get to that number.

5 The carbon tax, we have been leaders in the

6 reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, without

7 question. We, I think, when we went down this path

8 and Premier Campbell really led that charge, put us

9 in a position to say we're not only going to make

10 British Columbia, you know, more environmentally

11 sustainable, but we want to try and lead our

12 country and North America.

13 The challenge was that people didn't follow.

14 And very quickly, you look at your economic

15 situation and you can create a challenge for

16 yourself. Although doing the right thing in

17 reducing your greenhouse gas emissions without

18 question as we know today can put us at a

19 disadvantage.

20 And at the end of the day, it really comes

21 down to people that live in our province want to

22 have a job, they want to have the ability to make a

23 living and provide for their family, they want to

24 be able to maintain the affordability of where they

25 live, which -- and electricity is part of that

Mainland Reporting Services Inc. [email protected] 41

1 affordability. We are very fortunate. I haven't

2 looked as of today, but traditionally we are

3 between the second and forth lowest rates in North

4 America for our electrical costs.

5 As we try and go elsewhere, and had we

6 altered that, and I can tell you the carbon tax is

7 not a well-received tax up here, and as a member of

8 government that worked on that, I certainly had my

9 ears filled. And I would imagine, again, there

10 would be people that are for this project and

11 against this project in itself that have differing

12 views on the carbon tax itself.

13 So it was a difficult decision. It was one

14 of balance, trying to find the balance that was

15 realistic. I think it would be fair to say many

16 governments come up with something that is

17 unrealistic but sounds very good.

18 THE CHAIRMAN: I must say, I think you are

19 being modest about leadership there, because I have

20 read of the corporate decision-making in the oil

21 patch, and particularly for the long-term

22 investments on oil sands, that corporations

23 typically figure in a price of 30 or 40 dollars a

24 tonne for carbon as part of their calculation, so

25 you may be having a larger effect than you thought.

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1 Since the Act came in, and the LNG export

2 industry possibility rose in a large way, the

3 Government of British Columbia has created an

4 exemption for the LNG industry and said that they

5 don't have to use electricity to power their

6 pipelines, that the squeeze-and-freeze approach can

7 be done -- can be self-powered, and that therefore

8 Hydro need not build generation capacity to serve

9 that particular requirement.

10 In the minds of some, and some of the

11 critiques that we've heard, this amounts to saying,

12 well, we're going to be clean and green here in

13 British Columbia and not create carbon dioxide, but

14 we will spend a great deal of energy to compress

15 it, to transport it, to cool it and to transport it

16 to Asia where it will then be burned and join the

17 same atmosphere that we use here.

18 Under those circumstances, would it make

19 sense to, from a policy point of view, to allow

20 BC Hydro to use a little bit more gas in order to

21 firm up some of the unfirm sources that it has?

22 MR. BLAIR LEKSTROM: I think, Mr. Chairman, that

23 can be a consideration. I'm not sure that we would

24 want to look at the magnitude of what Site C would

25 produce on that, as you said, to use more gas,

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1 because there are -- and in some people's mind I'm

2 not sure everybody would understand, there is

3 natural gas used today in British Columbia to

4 generate electricity for users for British

5 Columbians.

6 The impact, and I'll just use -- and again,

7 I'm going to vary a bit here. If Site C was being

8 discussed to be developed just to supply the LNG

9 opportunity for us, if it was, your transmission

10 ability is every bit as important as your

11 generation capacity. The ability to access a land

12 base on which to put new transmission lines. I

13 think if people follow our history, there's a great

14 deal of discussion with First Nations.

15 There's no guarantees that those lines would

16 be built, even if the capability was there to

17 generate. You know, different -- whether -- we'll

18 call it clean, for example, through a Site C

19 development.

20 I do expect that BC Hydro will be called upon

21 to supply some electricity for these LNG

22 developments should they become a reality, but I

23 also believe they'll use direct drive as a way

24 probably to lessen the footprint.

25 Most of what we talk about -- people say,

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1 well, that really seems hypocritical. I mean,

2 there's two sides. Government is saying we want

3 clean energy, but we're going to let the LNG

4 industry use natural gas to power their facilities.

5 What they are doing actually is liquifying our

6 natural gas, which is the cleanest burning fossil

7 fuel on the planet, shipping it overseas to markets

8 that will replace coal-fired power generation,

9 which will in turn help all of us.

10 It is one atmosphere. This is not a British

11 Columbia issue. This is not an Alberta or a

12 Canadian issue; this is a global issue.

13 So I've also found it interesting when

14 jurisdictions such as ours show leadership, which

15 is always a positive thing, but, again, there are

16 two sides to that leadership. One can recognize a

17 following, and people will get on board and do as

18 we've done because they believe in it. The other

19 is although they believe in it, they may not follow

20 it because of economic consequences, and I think we

21 are kind of in between that right now.

22 THE CHAIRMAN: I don't know whether the

23 Secretariat can pull up the chart that's on page 6

24 of the summary of the EIS.

25 If you have that, it would be nice to see it,

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1 but it's not really necessary.

2 While you're looking, I'll carry on.

3 You spoke of self-sufficiency as an important

4 objective, but that clearly doesn't mean that we

5 would never buy some and sell some.

6 MR. BLAIR LEKSTROM: You are correct.

7 THE CHAIRMAN: You are accounting for

8 diversity exchange and so on in that objective.

9 But I'm curious about just exactly how

10 self-sufficiency is defined or what it really

11 should mean. We are entitled to 160 megawatts

12 under the Columbia River Treaty, but yet that is

13 said to be foreign electrons and not legitimate in

14 BC, and but, boy, have we ever earned those. We

15 flooded the Kootenays to get them.

16 Why would that not be counted?

17 MR. BLAIR LEKSTROM: Well, and I won't go into

18 the discussions that are about to be undertaken. I

19 mean, there's obviously a great deal there.

20 Part of what -- and I'll speak to electricity

21 self-sufficiency, and I'll try and sum it this way,

22 because it is difficult.

23 Not long ago we were a net importer of

24 electricity, and people say, well, but you're still

25 exporting electricity, BC Hydro. The easiest way

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1 I've tried to explain this is if tomorrow, and this

2 goes back a number of years now -- I'll say

3 three years -- if we stopped importing power three

4 years ago on that day and we stopped exporting

5 power three years ago on that day, we would be

6 about 9 to 11 percent short to meet our own power

7 needs. Electricity self-sufficiency means that we

8 wouldn't put ourselves in that position. You would

9 be able to meet your own demand.

10 Now, you also said how could you do that and

11 still not buy power? You would, there's what's

12 called peak and non-peak times. Coal-fired power

13 generation, for example, is not something you can

14 turn on and off at the flick of a switch.

15 Alberta, for example, or south of the border,

16 if they have excess power going into the grid, they

17 have to utilize that power. We can actually as a

18 province and as BC Hydro through our trading

19 partner buy that power at far less than the cost to

20 produce it because they've put it online. Now,

21 that's not always the case though.

22 So what we don't want to do --

23 self-sufficiency is not putting yourself in a

24 position that you have to depend on outside power

25 sources outside of your province to meet your

Mainland Reporting Services Inc. [email protected] 47

1 existing demands.

2 And when I say that, that's not even taking

3 into account, you know, the future growth demands.

4 I think our province, we may be modest at a

5 40 percent increase over 20 years if what we see

6 and what we're talking about in today's world

7 becomes a reality. You know, I can see possibly

8 that demand growing even. I mean, this is a

9 beautiful province. People come here to retire.

10 They continue to seek employment here with the

11 opportunities that are out there.

12 Our area is as well-positioned as any I think

13 in North America to I guess receive the benefits of

14 that, but it has to be in a balance.

15 All of the work and all of the money in the

16 world means nothing if we don't have and maintain a

17 quality of life. That's what it comes down to.

18 THE CHAIRMAN: Well, this question of gas is

19 an interesting one. We have a large -- it was the

20 Executive Summary, and I think it was page 6, and

21 there was a chart showing both the demand and the

22 supply of electricity over the last 40 years. If

23 we can't find it, it doesn't matter.

24 Sorry, it was a graph. I don't mean a chart.

25 All right. It wasn't on page 6.

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1 We have a very large gas plant in the Lower

2 Mainland which is to be shut down. It's already

3 fully paid for, fully amortized. One could run it

4 for a few dozen hours a year to shave the highest

5 peaks, and yet we're not going to do that.

6 We could also build a few simple gas turbines

7 for those, you know, few days a year when you have

8 a peak that you would otherwise maybe have to

9 import --

10 That's the one. Thank you.

11 -- you might otherwise have to import power

12 to fulfil.

13 Why would we not allow the use of Burrard

14 Thermal or, if you don't like that location, a few

15 simple gas turbines here and there for peak

16 shaving?

17 MR. BLAIR LEKSTROM: Well, Mr. Chairman, I think

18 that may very well be a discussion that does occur

19 in this province. The issue you're talking about

20 and using a few of those facilities, whether it be

21 a combined cycle or what we're talking about here,

22 would not be large enough in capacity to meet the

23 demand that we're talking about and the reason

24 really Site C is being proposed.

25 A 40 percent demand increase in electricity

Mainland Reporting Services Inc. [email protected] 49

1 in British Columbia over 20 years, we aren't

2 talking about meeting peak times here. We are

3 talking about a steady growth. But what you've

4 just raised, I'm not sure won't be part of the

5 discussion in the future as we move forward.

6 The reason we're able to have this discussion

7 is because we can produce electricity through

8 hydro-electric generation with dams. As I said,

9 there are many jurisdictions that don't have that

10 opportunity to have this discussion.

11 We also export gas, as people have said, and

12 I go back to this where people have said it seems

13 funny, that, you know, you don't want to burn gas

14 here to generate electricity, but you want others

15 to do it. We're helping people offset coal, for

16 example, which is significant, and I talked about

17 the global greenhouse gas effects earlier, and

18 whether it's real or perceived, if you can burn the

19 cleanest burning fossil fuel on the planet to

20 replace something that you don't have another

21 option to use, I think that's a good idea.

22 If you have yet a better option, which in my

23 mind is utilization of water in a flowthrough,

24 especially in this case, I would definitely put

25 that at the top of the list before I had to

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1 entertain the others.

2 THE CHAIRMAN: Other jurisdictions, I'm

3 thinking particularly of California, but a number

4 of other jurisdictions would put conservation and

5 energy efficiency at absolutely the top of the list

6 of things to do, and, in fact, the Clean Energy Act

7 does say you are to achieve two-thirds of your

8 total and so on and so forth.

9 And so I guess the question is if you could

10 achieve what you wanted, that is energy

11 self-sufficiency in British Columbia, by, for

12 example, manipulating prices to effect demand,

13 that's also something that's allowed under the Act,

14 would you choose to do that first?

15 MR. BLAIR LEKSTROM: I think it has to be looked

16 at in a balanced context. I'm a huge supporter of

17 conservation, I think British Columbia has done a

18 great job. I do think we can do a far better job

19 when you look at what goes on. There will be

20 people that are for this project that think we have

21 an endless supply of electricity just by developing

22 new sources such as Site C. That's not my support

23 for the project.

24 Mine is one that sees this as a need, but at

25 the same time going down the road of conservation.

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1 It isn't about turning off an entire office

2 buildings' lights in Vancouver. It's about each

3 and every one of us in this room, when we leave a

4 room, turning the light switch off. It's not very

5 hard to do, but there will be people, without

6 question, that oppose the development of Site C

7 that will leave a room and turn their lights on.

8 There will be people that are in favour of water

9 conservation that leave the tap running while they

10 brush their teeth. Somehow, we as a society have

11 to work better together on the conservation side.

12 Not just of electricity, but everything we do.

13 It doesn't mean I don't think we'll need

14 future developments, and in this case we're talking

15 about electricity. I think we can -- when we talk

16 mitigation, one of the mitigation strategies is

17 conservation, and the mitigation I talk about is we

18 don't need a Site D and a Site E and so on just for

19 the sake of putting something out there. It will

20 be a balance between new generation and

21 conservation of the electricity we already utilize.

22 And technology is advancing, but as it

23 advances, rather than use less electricity, we seem

24 to be in a world that's using more because of this

25 technology.

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1 THE CHAIRMAN: The reason I wanted to show

2 that slide was that it shows some years ago the

3 blue as --

4 MR. BLAIR LEKSTROM: I'm just going to grab some

5 water.

6 THE CHAIRMAN: Can you see it?

7 MR. BLAIR LEKSTROM: Yes.

8 THE CHAIRMAN: The blue line is well above

9 the red line. Red is actual consumption, and blue

10 is supply. And so there's a period there some

11 years ago on a -- kind of the left-hand third of

12 the chart, where we were producing a great deal

13 more than we were consuming, and we were using

14 Powerex to sell it to predatory jurisdictions like

15 California.

16 MR. BLAIR LEKSTROM: Oh, I'm glad you said that,

17 Mr. Chairman.

18 THE CHAIRMAN: And on the right-hand side of

19 the chart, we see various projections of high and

20 low going forward against the supply that we have

21 in place.

22 And those cross out there, you know, 10 or

23 so years from now, at least the green ones do.

24 Now, if we add Site C to the blue area on the

25 right-hand side of the chart, that produces kind of

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1 a large singular edition of about 10 percent of our

2 total capacity, if I remember rightly. We would

3 have a period in which we were producing a good bit

4 more electricity than we were consuming again, but

5 the price at which we could sell the excess appears

6 to be somewhere around 18 to 33 dollars a megawatt

7 hour, and that's always assuming that we are not

8 caught up in the snares of foreign regulators.

9 And, yet, at the margin, the cost of that new

10 electricity is somewhere north of $95 a megawatt

11 hour, according to Hydro's figures.

12 So we could be facing a period there where we

13 would be eating quite a large loss, and, of course,

14 you know, governments always are careful about the

15 money in these things. There's a question there of

16 what's the acceptable loss?

17 If we're making it for 100 and selling it for

18 25, how many years can that continue? Or for how

19 much of the 5,000 gigawatt hours that we'd be

20 getting would be willing to do this? How does

21 timing come into this from your point of view?

22 MR. BLAIR LEKSTROM: Well, I think, Mr. Chairman,

23 that goes back to part of the discussion we had

24 earlier on self-sufficiency. In order to maintain

25 your self-sufficiency, there will be times that

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1 you've just expressed as per that chart.

2 I guess the issue will be -- and the world

3 does change quickly. You know, it was probably

4 less than 7 years ago we were having a discussion

5 about importing natural gas because we were running

6 out. I think many people would remember that, and

7 here we are today being a world leader in supply.

8 You look at the Montney and the Horn and the Liard,

9 three world-class plays.

10 So it's changed quickly.

11 I think our demand for electricity, because

12 of the quality of life we enjoy, will continue to

13 rise. A 40-percent demand over 20 years, you try

14 and do the best calculations you can based on the

15 historical data you have and what the future looks

16 like.

17 Is there an exact number I can give you today

18 to say here is what I would say is an acceptable

19 loss? No, there isn't. That is going to have to

20 be a determination made if government is going to

21 put a policy in place for that. I guess they could

22 look at that, but if the policy is we don't want to

23 be in a position -- and you mentioned California

24 earlier. Back in 2000, California got in trouble

25 because they had to import electricity, and that

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1 electricity, the price was set by others, not

2 themselves.

3 So they ended up having rolling blackouts. I

4 could only imagine what the population of British

5 Columbia would say if we had to entertain rolling

6 blackouts, particularly up here in the north in the

7 middle of winter, for example.

8 So would I as a British Columbian be prepared

9 to entertain that I may face losses on occasion to

10 maintain my electricity self-sufficiency and

11 security that way? Yes.

12 As well, I look to the future when we look at

13 new developments taking place today, capital

14 investment is mobile and can go anywhere on the

15 globe virtually today for the most part. They look

16 at certain things, and one of those things they

17 look at in their location factor is what is the

18 electricity? What is the grid like? Is it

19 reliable? Is it affordable? Can we have a sound

20 source of electricity? Very important to any

21 jurisdiction to have that, and I think we're global

22 leaders in that as well.

23 MR. CHAIRMAN: Okay. So the bottom line is,

24 without trying to quantify it, there's a certain

25 premium that one should be willing to pay, in other

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1 words, for assured supply. Would that be the way

2 to put it?

3 MR. BLAIR LEKSTROM: From Blair Lekstrom's point

4 of view, I would prepare or be prepared to have

5 some form of premium knowing that I'm

6 self-sufficient and would not be dependent on

7 somebody who may or may not want to sell me power.

8 That should be pointed out as well. There's no

9 guarantee that they would have to give that power

10 to British Columbia if we needed it.

11 THE CHAIRMAN: Point taken.

12 I have one more question before I turn it

13 over to colleagues and others. Since the Acts came

14 into play, there have been three refinements, if I

15 can put it that way, of its otherwise ironclad

16 strictures. One was the one that we've mentioned,

17 that is the use of LNG in the compression and

18 cooling of natural gas for export. One was the --

19 it goes to that definition of self-sufficiency.

20 In making its calculations, British Columbia

21 Hydro was allowed to use average water supply as

22 opposed to critical year water supply, and that

23 made quite a difference.

24 And the third was the recent statement by

25 Mr. Bennett to the effect that the hitherto

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1 ironclad prohibition against using time-of-use

2 pricing could be relaxed in the case of industrial

3 users, so that's now an open-policy alternative.

4 All this I think can be seen as sensible

5 reactions to the times and changing circumstances

6 and so on, but it raises the question a bit for

7 your panel.

8 We are constrained to operate within existing

9 legislation. We are not -- we are not doing energy

10 policy. We are curious about it. We are curious

11 how we got to where we are and so on, but we

12 observe an Act which strongly constrains the

13 options available to BC Hydro. And a government

14 which three times since the passage of the Act

15 three years ago, or 2010 now, four years ago now,

16 has made a substantial change to the Act, either

17 informally or by Order in Council.

18 So I guess my question is how absolutely

19 literally do you think the panel should take the

20 precise wording of the Act?

21 MR. BLAIR LEKSTROM: Well, I think that's an

22 excellent question, and one that could be asked not

23 just in today's forum, but really right across the

24 board when we talk about government policy.

25 I think you have to take the policy as it is

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1 written today and implemented by the government of

2 British Columbia as sound and solid, and that's

3 what you have to look at. I think that without

4 question you're in a position, as you said

5 earlier -- you're an independent panel. You

6 can't -- you know, I like the policy. I don't like

7 the policy. That isn't the job of the panel. You

8 pointed that out very clearly. It's to say here's

9 the policy that we're actually dealing with our

10 hearings under, and we're going to make our

11 determination based on that.

12 It's interesting. The average use versus

13 critical water, I mean, there are some things, and,

14 as I said, as a previous minister, you watch. I

15 remember the discussions well. I will smile and

16 say that it interests me, some of these changes. I

17 will go on to say that time-of-use for the big

18 uproar that -- as we move forward in technology

19 advances, if -- and personally, I'm a supporter of

20 time-of-use. I'll make that very clear.

21 That if I can turn on my washing machine and

22 program it to come on in the middle of the night

23 when demand is very low, and I can buy my

24 electricity at half the price, for example, if that

25 was an option, I think that's a very positive thing

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1 for the population.

2 But, again, making sure people understand

3 what it is before they make a determination whether

4 they are for or against it is something that

5 probably governments in general -- I'm not just

6 speaking to the one I was part of, but right across

7 my study of governments -- have never been great

8 communicators, and we can take something that's

9 very positive, and it can become a negative very

10 quickly.

11 Because if you don't define something on the

12 front end, and somebody who is opposed to it goes

13 out and defines it, it's difficult for government

14 or if it was industry to come back and say, well,

15 no, here's what it is. Human nature seems to be we

16 don't want to believe government, and I would

17 rather believe the naysayer.

18 THE CHAIRMAN: Thank you, Mr. Lekstrom.

19 Let me turn to Jocelyne Beaudet.

20 MS. BEAUDET: Thank you, Mr. Chair. You

21 heard earlier discussion and representation of a

22 position by BC Hydro on threshold, and I appreciate

23 greatly the further thinking that they have taken

24 upon them to decide about threshold for this

25 project, and to put you back in a little bit in the

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1 context was why I had brought it up is it looked,

2 first-hand, easier if you have 100,000 people in a

3 town you're going to flood and you decide you're

4 building the town somewhere else 400,000 people.

5 It becomes a little bit more tricky and more

6 worrying when you have 30 people, and each one of

7 them comes to us and tells this story, and that's

8 how it came about, this reflection.

9 And I was interested in hearing you saying

10 that government makes decision, and we've just

11 heard that we have to follow the rules, and I think

12 when there are displaced people, we also have to

13 follow the rules of expropriation, and there are

14 protocols and there are evaluations of lost

15 property, et cetera, and although I would wish to

16 give this lady who came and said give me a piece of

17 land in a Hawaii and I'll be happy, it doesn't

18 really work like this.

19 However, I'm looking more at your experience

20 as a minister and working with other ministers in

21 the cabinet and asking you how you work out

22 difficult decisions when you have to take, for

23 instance, the evaluation of risk to life or loss,

24 dispossession? There must be some rules when

25 government makes decision towards that, and I'd

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1 like to hear a little bit of your reflection on

2 that, please.

3 MR. BLAIR LEKSTROM: All right.

4 Well, there's certainly rules. I mean, we

5 all work under the Rule of Law for one. Each

6 jurisdiction within government, and when we refer

7 to government, we refer to the cabinet, who will

8 make the issues and present legislation on the

9 floor of the legislature. It is then discussed,

10 that's statute, and either pass it or it fails. If

11 passes, it becomes law.

12 As the Chairman indicated earlier, we can see

13 a law implemented in one session and altered in

14 another, either by the same government or future

15 governments should they change. So there's no

16 finality that says this is the way it's going to be

17 20 years from today. What we can do though, and in

18 the situation we're dealing with, is we have to

19 deal with what we have today, without question.

20 The Expropriation Act is law. If you have to

21 take land under the Expropriation Act, you have to

22 follow that Act. There are other ways to actually

23 have that discussion with landowners and so on, I

24 believe. I'm not a lawyer, but I am more than

25 confident that if I wanted to sit at a table and

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1 this project became a reality, and there were

2 people that were, you know, certainly going to be

3 upset that are going to be directly impacted, that

4 we could still find a way to find something that

5 would work for them versus just here's your money

6 and, boy, you got 5 percent more than your land

7 value.

8 I just -- I've never accepted that part. And

9 it won't be a surprise that there are a number of

10 issues I didn't agree with my own government on,

11 but I certainly -- overall on the collaborative

12 effort of our government, I think we've created a

13 better province.

14 THE CHAIRMAN: My colleague, Mr. Mattison,

15 has no questions for you, but I have to say that I

16 asked him beforehand what was Mr. Lekstrom's

17 profession before he went into politics? He said I

18 don't know, but he rides a Harley.

19 MR. BLAIR LEKSTROM: I worked for BC Tel for

20 18 years prior to taking on the Mayor's position

21 here in the city.

22 THE CHAIRMAN: I wonder if there are others

23 in the room who would like to ask a question of

24 Mr. Lekstrom at this point?

25 Madam.

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1 MS. MARILYN BELAK: Hi, my name is Marilyn

2 Belak. I sat on city council for nine years when

3 Mr. Lekstrom left to go to provincial legislature,

4 and an unprecedented nine years were in the city,

5 won 13 awards for sustainability and planning

6 around water issues.

7 My very first question to Mr. Lekstrom is

8 what kind of water are you drinking? We have very

9 good water in Dawson Creek, and this is a

10 conversation about water in the end. And I see

11 both BC Hydro and Blair are drinking water. Is it

12 a Nestle product too? Because that also speaks to

13 our agriculture in the area and the pressures that

14 that company puts on us.

15 So I find it really disspiriting to centre a

16 conversation around water and to have the bottled

17 water at the table.

18 I do see it as a water issue.

19 I know I was very happy to see you,

20 Mr. Chair.

21 Your question to Blair that really struck me

22 was about who is to make these decisions. And I

23 think the problem with us and the stalemate at this

24 point is we no longer have an arm's length

25 commission to be looking at this, and it is now

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1 going to be a political decision, and we would all

2 be really remiss to approve something that's going

3 to be left up to a political decision without a

4 long-term plan an oversight.

5 And I think you completely nailed it when you

6 said, you know, this is the legislation of today;

7 what happens tomorrow?

8 I have, like I say, been the nine years. I

9 have -- my older brothers worked on the WAC Bennett

10 Dam. I hear BC Hydro talking about the education

11 opportunities for our youth.

12 Our youth, like all the rest of the youth,

13 deserve university education, arts and letters and

14 science as well as welding certificates. And as

15 long as we keep, as these governments have, as the

16 government Mr. Lekstrom is talking about, keep

17 reduce our educational opportunities up here and

18 taking away our -- you know, centralizing

19 government representatives, we lose that really

20 solid base in these small communities that were the

21 social workers, the doctors, the lawyers and

22 whatnot.

23 So he's talking about concentration, and I'm

24 looking at diversity. So I wanted to ask doctor --

25 Mr. Lekstrom --

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1 MR. BLAIR LEKSTROM: Dr. Lekstrom, thank you.

2 MS. MARILYN BELAK: Thank you. I made you a

3 doctor. I know your daughter wanted to be one.

4 No, I wanted to ask you how you see making

5 these decisions in the concept of the loss of the

6 commission and an arm's length governing body over

7 our energy policy in BC. Thank you.

8 MR. BLAIR LEKSTROM: All right. A couple of

9 things. Had somebody rushed to me with a glass of

10 great Dawson Creek water, I would have drank that

11 first. But I was very dry, Marilyn.

12 How do we make these decisions with the best

13 available information? With the expertise of

14 professionals? Just as you did at the city,

15 Marilyn. Just because you become an elected

16 official at any level, whether it's the local

17 level, whether it's provincial or federal, doesn't

18 mean you become an expert in that field. You had

19 better be willing to learn every day. You had

20 better count on the people around you and the

21 expertise that work in the field with you. That's

22 how those decisions are made. I think you're

23 referring not to this commission, so we should be

24 clear. I think you're referring to the BC

25 Utilities Commission and the exception of that is

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1 what you're referring to.

2 I also am a believer that we elect

3 governments, and a significant decision like this

4 going through a process like this, I just don't

5 think you can find a better process than what we

6 have before us that is going to hear both sides:

7 The pros, the cons, the need, reasons for and

8 reasons against it.

9 And then these members who have been very

10 clear and pointed it out, because I don't envy your

11 position in the sense that you have to remain

12 probably somewhat cold to individuals who want to

13 come up and talk to you after the session, where

14 you can't do it for fear that somebody will say,

15 oh, I seen them talking to Blair. And that's why.

16 So all you can do, Marilyn, is make the best

17 decisions you can make with the best information

18 you've been able to garner, whether you're a mayor

19 in council, whether you're a cabinet minister, or

20 whether you're the prime minister of our country.

21 MS. MARILYN BELAK: Thanks.

22 MS. DIANE CULLING: Thank you, Blair. And thank

23 you, Mr. Chair.

24 I worry about Blair having -- your comments

25 that you completely support and have from becoming

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1 mayor of Dawson Creek and before that the Site C

2 project, and your conversation around that, which,

3 you know, I just see as a different stance as mine,

4 but the things that worry me about that stance and

5 that I would like to question you about are, you

6 know, we talk about strength and diversity,

7 biodiversity, economic diversity, all of those

8 things and how does your stance promote that?

9 We are becoming more and more concentrated in

10 this province with this political aspect, and I

11 think also our look on energy is becoming more

12 concentrated because we don't have this third party

13 commission to look at and to study and be experts

14 on the variabilities and the things we might do

15 because our political process is asking them to

16 concentrate and directing them to concentrate.

17 So how does that fit in with your long-term

18 view of energy supply in BC? Can you see achieving

19 your goals of diversity if it's left up to

20 politicians who can perhaps pick the lowest fruit

21 and do the lowest way or act on a whim?

22 Anyhow, thank you very much for your

23 indulgence.

24 THE CHAIRMAN: Have you found the question

25 there?

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1 MR. BLAIR LEKSTROM: No.

2 THE CHAIRMAN: I'm not sure I have either.

3 I must say I'm alarmed by your suggestion that we

4 have all the competence of the British Columbia

5 Utilities Commission.

6 MR. BLAIR LEKSTROM: I have the utmost faith in

7 you, Mr. Chairman, and Members of the panel.

8 THE CHAIRMAN: Another question?

9 MS. DIANE CULLING: Thank you, Mr. Chairman.

10 My question to Mr. Lekstrom, I'm going to

11 refer to a December 2013 article in the Oil & Gas

12 Inquirer, which is a petroleum industry magazine,

13 so I will -- at the first break, I'll submit it to

14 the Registry, a PDF of it.

15 THE CHAIRMAN: Sorry, could you state your

16 name, please?

17 MS. DIANE CULLING: Sorry, pardon, Diane Culling,

18 C-u-l-l-i-n-g.

19 So in the 2013 article in the Oil & Gas

20 Inquirer, it talks about Royal Dutch Shell moving

21 forward on its Carmon Creek project, which is an

22 in-situ heavy oil project in Peace River, Alberta,

23 it received regulatory approval in April 2013. As

24 a component of the project, they are going to do

25 co-gen of up to 630 megawatts annually of

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1 electricity, 500 megawatts which they expect to

2 sell into the northwest Alberta grid.

3 So my question to you, Mr. Lekstrom: Is

4 there any threshold of new supply coming on-stream

5 from adjacent jurisdictions that may potentially be

6 cheaper that would make you re-think your position

7 that's on Site C?

8 MR. BLAIR LEKSTROM: All right. Well, thank you

9 for the question. There's probably nothing -- and

10 I'll take it back. There's no question that today

11 at the rate of natural gas you could produce

12 electricity at a less expensive per megawatt cost

13 than what we're talking about here today. If you

14 want to reflect back to 2000, when California -- I

15 mean, that goes to my take on electricity

16 self-sufficiency in our province.

17 Is there any project? Not that I'm aware of.

18 I just -- I don't think there is a better way in

19 today's world, and I'll qualify my statement, than

20 generating electricity through the flow of water

21 and hydro-electric generation, particularly when

22 we're talking about a third dam on a river that

23 already has existing dams on it.

24 We can't harness the sun in an affordable

25 manner yet and maintain that power as firm power

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1 and the lock-up of that energy. We are continuing

2 to work on tidal and wave, but at the end of the

3 day -- and I don't want this to come across as a

4 harsh statement. I talked to many people over my

5 life, not just in politics, and people will support

6 things, be extremely excited about something, but

7 when they find out it impacts their pocketbook a

8 little more than they thought it might, that

9 enthusiasm seems to dwindle some, and I think

10 that's just human nature.

11 So it goes back to balance. It goes back to

12 our ability to have the discussion we're having

13 today, and I think you have a difficult job as a

14 panel.

15 But the one thing I look at is and I've been

16 following it, the amount of information you're

17 getting brought before you. I mean, I would think

18 you're learning something every day as well, so ...

19 THE CHAIRMAN: Mr. Hadland.

20 MR. ARTHUR HADLAND: Thank you, Mr. Chairman.

21 My name's Arthur Hadland. Hello, Blair.

22 MR. BLAIR LEKSTROM: Hello, Arthur.

23 MR. ARTHUR HADLAND: You and I had a discussion

24 about the Clean Energy Act right when it was

25 introduced. Do you remember that?

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1 MR. BLAIR LEKSTROM: Somewhat. I've had many

2 discussions, Arthur, but we'll see what you bring

3 up and I'll let you know.

4 MR. ARTHUR HADLAND: Okay. Thank you.

5 Anyhow, I did call it the "Act of Hypocrisy."

6 And the main reason that I did, and I think

7 the Chair is alluding to this is they are put into

8 a compromised position, because they do not have

9 the same powers as the BC Utilities Commission, and

10 to me that was a deliberate removal from the

11 overview that we needed.

12 And I'll just add a separate --

13 THE CHAIRMAN: Mr. Hadland, I'll like you to

14 ask a question rather than give an editorial.

15 MR. RANDAL HADLAND: Okay. Sure. I do have a

16 question.

17 I want to know why Blair would have supported

18 removing the BC Utilities Commission from the Clean

19 Energy Act. I think it's really an act of

20 hypocrisy.

21 That's all I need an answer to. Thank you.

22 MR. BLAIR LEKSTROM: Why did I support it? I

23 believed it was the right thing to do in this

24 circumstance, Arthur, and I think we did -- I do

25 recall the discussion, and we've had many over

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1 the years, and I think some very good discussions

2 over the years.

3 But why did I support it? I think a project

4 of this magnitude, I think a government that's

5 elected in a democratic way, has the ability and

6 the support of the people who elect them to make

7 decisions. You know, we could go down a path of

8 discussing the senate here under the same

9 circumstance.

10 I won't go there, but I think the decision --

11 and I stand by it. I've never been one that's been

12 a person who has held elected office that has been

13 afraid to say when I've made a mistake, but in this

14 case, this is not a mistake. I stand by the

15 decision, and the act that I put forward, and I

16 think we're in a good position.

17 And this project, as I said, it is the right

18 project at the right time for our province.

19 THE CHAIRMAN: Mayor Johansson.

20 MS. GWEN JOHANSSON: Thank you. Johansson,

21 J-o-h-a-n-s-s-o-n.

22 I have two questions, I think. One is that

23 you spoke about hearing all sides and the amount of

24 information and so on that has come forward, and

25 there has been a tremendous amount of information,

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1 more than those of us who are not employed in the

2 business are able to keep on top of.

3 There hasn't -- I would argue that there

4 hasn't been an even playing field in this or most

5 other hearings.

6 So under the BC Utilities Commission

7 hearings, there was at one time intervener funding.

8 There has been a small amount of intervener funding

9 available from the Canadian Environmental Agency,

10 which we appreciate, but the Province has, so far

11 as I know, declined to have any funding for

12 interveners that are not BC Hydro.

13 So you're placed in a position where you're

14 paying both for the BC Hydro position through your

15 rates, and also you're out doing bake sales trying

16 to figure out how you're going to get --

17 THE CHAIRMAN: Mayor Johansson, is there --

18 are you leading to a question?

19 MS. GWEN JOHANSSON: So my question -- yeah, the

20 question is what would you do in order to even the

21 playing field, if you were still in government.

22 MR. BLAIR LEKSTROM: All right. I thought I was

23 back at the Peace River Regional District for a

24 moment.

25 What would I do to level the playing field?

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1 I mean, I'm not sure we're looking at a levelling

2 of the playing field. I guess maybe I'm not fully

3 comprehending the question. I know what you're

4 saying is, look, Hydro, this is their project, they

5 have the expertise and the amount of staff and

6 money to actually do the work that they need to to

7 present this project, and they had better have,

8 because that's what we asked them to do as a Crown

9 corporation.

10 As individuals who come forward or

11 organisations who want to present their view, I

12 guess it's incumbent on themselves to look at that

13 and how they can best do it. As you indicated, I'm

14 not in a position today to speak for government. I

15 can't do that. But do I have an answer that says

16 here's a fund? I mean, there are environmental

17 groups in North America that fund interventions on

18 this type of activity all of the time to the tune

19 of millions of dollars. So where you can go to get

20 funding to help, I just don't know at this point,

21 Gwen.

22 MS. GWEN JOHANSSON: Okay. Thank you.

23 The second question is in relation to your

24 statement that energy -- that the natural gas that

25 British Columbia proposes to export to Asia and

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1 other places will replace coal. And I just

2 wondered, there have been some energy,

3 well-recognized as far as I know, experts such as

4 Mark Jaccard and doctor -- the one with the

5 alphabet from UBC, whose name I always forget.

6 It's a foreign name, that's all I can tell you --

7 who have stated that that isn't a supportable

8 position. And so I'm just wondering if you have

9 some knowledge of or some assurance that any LNG

10 that's exported would replace coal?

11 MR. BLAIR LEKSTROM: Well, Gwen, I couldn't give

12 you this is the company and this is the facility

13 that will go down, but as the cleanest burning

14 fossil fuel on the planet and with other

15 jurisdictions around the globe recognizing that

16 they have the obligation to reduce their greenhouse

17 gas emissions, there is no doubt in my mind that it

18 will be used for that. It will also be used, and I

19 will speak to this: Natural gas is the

20 transportation fuel of choice in the future. I

21 mean, we're moving there. It's the cleanest

22 burning fossil fuel. There is huge opportunity to

23 move down that road. Now, I know we're a bit off

24 track from Site C, but, no.

25 And the other thing, although I have a great

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1 deal of respect for scientists and so on, I can't

2 say that I agree with every scientist on the planet

3 either, and nor does every scientist agree with

4 each other for that matter, so ...

5 THE CHAIRMAN: The next question, sir.

6 MR. KEVIN KNOBLAUCH: Hi. My name's Kevin

7 Knoblauch. I'm a small business owner in Dawson

8 Creek, I guess, since I was pretty much born.

9 I have a market garden operation, which I've

10 enjoyed immensely over the years pretty much since

11 I was a kid, and I've kind of listened on the

12 sidelines for quite some years about agricultural

13 potential in the Peace River Valley and the loss of

14 agricultural land. But it just really struck me

15 when I decided to do a little written submission,

16 which you have a copy of, to the panel that nobody

17 in this discussion about agricultural potential

18 seems to have mentioned the word "horticulture".

19 And I'm just wondering -- I haven't read a

20 single word of the 20,000-page report by BC Hydro,

21 so this is an education for me too. I'm just

22 wondering where in that report is there a mention

23 of horticultural potential? And where are the

24 horticultural -- the studies? If there are any,

25 there may be some, the studies that have been done

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1 for the future horticultural potential of the

2 alluvial flood plains that will be lost?

3 THE CHAIRMAN: There are studies on that,

4 and I would ask Hydro to respond to that, unless

5 you have the precise reference right now. Could

6 you respond to that later, please? Okay.

7

8 UNDERTAKING 43: BC Hydro to provide the panel with the

9 references for the past studies on the

10 horticultural potential of the Peace River Valley

11 alluvial plain.

12

13 THE CHAIRMAN: Are there further questions

14 for Mr. Lekstrom?

15 MR. RANDAL HADLAND: Mr. Lekstrom, Mr. Chairman,

16 and panel Members, my name is Randal Hadland,

17 H-a-d-l-a-n-d.

18 Mr. Lekstrom is getting pilloried for having

19 been a member of the government.

20 There's been a couple questions about the

21 relative fairness and democracy of this particular

22 process. I'm just wondering, as a former minister

23 responsible for energy, if you're aware of how much

24 money BC Hydro has spent so far?

25 MR. BLAIR LEKSTROM: Well, I wouldn't have

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1 up-to-date numbers on that. There's been a

2 significant amount of dollars put into this, but

3 over many decades. I would say this is not a new

4 project or a new idea, but it's -- I don't have

5 that answer. I think you'd have to go either

6 straight to BC Hydro to get that or through the

7 government.

8 MR. RANDAL HADLAND: I asked BC Hydro. I haven't

9 gotten an answer to it. Thank you.

10 Mr. Chairman, my next question is along the

11 same lines, I guess.

12 As the minister, when you were taking advice

13 from a panel such as this, would you take

14 recommendations concerning policies which might be

15 detrimental to the decision that might be reached

16 by the panel? So if a panel was making a

17 recommendation -- do you understand my question?

18 MR. BLAIR LEKSTROM: I think so, but I don't think

19 this panel -- and correct me, Mr. Chair -- can make

20 policy recommendations on that, per se. Is that --

21 THE CHAIRMAN: We are constrained by our

22 Terms of Reference by the Canadian Environmental

23 Assessment Act of 2012 and so on and so forth. Our

24 job is not policy.

25 MR. RANDAL HADLAND: No, I understand. But if you

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1 are making a recommendation based on the

2 policies that are extant, is it not possible to

3 make recommendations about policies if you feel

4 that otherwise the decision might be different?

5 THE CHAIRMAN: Look, perhaps I can answer

6 that one. I think that's beyond our remit. I can

7 imagine comments but not recommendations.

8 MR. RANDAL HADLAND: Thank you. Thank you.

9 MR. BLAIR LEKSTROM: Randal --

10 If I could, Mr. Chair. Maybe to sum it up --

11 I know there wasn't a direct question that I can

12 answer on behalf of government, but I would answer

13 it this way: If I'm in a position or was ever in a

14 position and something was brought to me based on

15 what we're talking about here today, and there was

16 new relevant information that altered what I had

17 known before, would that come into my mindset and

18 thought process? Most certainly it would.

19 MR. RANDAL HADLAND: Thank you. That's great.

20 I'll have a couple of other questions. One

21 has to do with conservation. The Chair mentioned

22 that there was in the Clean Energy Act a level of

23 conservation that the Act considered Hydro should

24 be responsible for, and that was the minimum. Do

25 you know, was there any consideration of a maximum

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1 amount?

2 MR. BLAIR LEKSTROM: Well, I think we started out

3 by -- you have to try and engage the people you

4 represent. We can come up with the best number in

5 the world, and if the population you represent

6 doesn't buy into that concept of conservation, the

7 number can go out the window.

8 So could we -- I mean, conservation, it's a

9 very high and leading number when you look at what

10 we do here, and not only -- I stand to be corrected

11 by Hydro -- I think we have exceeded that as well

12 under our conservation measures here in British

13 Columbia, something that people should be very

14 proud of it, because government didn't do that; the

15 people of British Columbia did that, so ...

16 MR. RANDAL HADLAND: Yes, yeah.

17 BC Hydro has projected that they will be able

18 to do better than the minimum that was established

19 by the Clean Energy Act. I'm just asking whether

20 or not the government considered putting a maximum

21 potential conservation effect in the Clean Energy

22 Act or whether they looked at that, a number for

23 that?

24 MR. BLAIR LEKSTROM: No, because if you put a

25 maximum and we reach it, then have we done

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1 everything we should do if there's more to do? So

2 you wouldn't want to do that to be as effective as

3 you could.

4 Sorry, I'm not speaking in the mic.

5 THE CHAIRMAN: Okay.

6 MR. RANDAL HADLAND: That's great. Thank you.

7 And you spoke earlier about the direction to

8 Hydro to proceed with preparing the case for

9 Site C. I'm just wondering if there was around the

10 cabinet table at the time an examination of the

11 potential agricultural value to the Peace River

12 Region from the land that would be flood destroyed?

13 MR. BLAIR LEKSTROM: Mr. Chairman, I won't speak

14 to what was discussed at the cabinet table, just as

15 a respect of the confidentiality that goes with the

16 position and what we're governed by, but can I --

17 Has the agricultural land impact been

18 discussed and thought about? Yes, in the

19 discussions I've had and been involved with over

20 the many years going back right even to my

21 involvement in local government all the way up

22 through and including my involvement with the

23 Provincial Government, yes. The agricultural land

24 discussion has been there and relevant.

25 MR. RANDAL HADLAND: Thank you, Mr. Chairman.

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1 THE CHAIRMAN: Thank you very much,

2 Mr. Hadland, Mr. Lekstrom. We appreciate you're

3 coming. It's not often that we have so

4 authoritative an explanation of policy choices that

5 have been made. Thank you very much.

6 MR. BLAIR LEKSTROM: Thank you, Mr. Chairman.

7 THE CHAIRMAN: We will now take a 10-minute

8 break.

9

10 (Brief break)

11

12 THE CHAIRMAN: Ladies and gentlemen, can we

13 reconvene, please. Please take your seats.

14 Our next -- the next presentation is from

15 Mr. Donald Bill Hoffman.

16

17 Presentation by Mr. Donald Hoffmann:

18 MR. DONALD HOFFMANN: Don Hoffman, H-o-f-f-m-a-n-n.

19 Greetings, Mr. Chairman, Members of the panel

20 and guests. Thanks for allowing me to present

21 today.

22 I've got a hearing problem, so I won't be

23 doing a lot of talking today. This is going to be

24 mostly a slide show. I'll let the experts talk,

25 but I will show you some pictures of the valley. I

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1 know you've done a tour, but I believe when you did

2 your tour, the weather was less than ideal, and

3 it's wintertime now, so this will be kind of

4 showing you the different areas that we have.

5 The first one is of Bear Flats, just an

6 overview.

7 The next one is an overview showing the

8 reservoir, the stability impact line, and the new

9 proposed highway line, the white line. Initially I

10 was hoping Hydro would do a lot of pictures like

11 this so that people could easily link to them and

12 sort of see what was going to happening in the

13 valley.

14 Another overview of Bear Flats showing the

15 stability impact lines, the reservoir, and the

16 highway.

17 The Peace-Moberly confluence, site of the

18 dam.

19 Black bear.

20 That's a white bear. I took it down at Bear

21 Flats there. I think it was referenced in Clara

22 London's presentation also.

23 Teapot Island.

24 Hudson's Hope.

25 Bear Flats.

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1 Hopefully from these pictures when you hear

2 the experts speak, you'll remember some of them and

3 remember some of the sloughing and the wildlife

4 habitat and stuff in the valley.

5 THE CHAIRMAN: Mr. Hoffmann, just to check,

6 do we have these slides as part of the material on

7 the website? Okay. Good. Thank you.

8 MR. DONALD HOFFMANN: Bear Flats.

9 Hydro's identified 1,834 landslide complexes

10 comprising of 4,010 individual landslides within

11 the project area.

12 Wilder Creek, the last buffalo was reported

13 there in 1905.

14 Paddle for the Peace.

15 In 1793, Alexander Mackenzie was travelling

16 through Bear Flats and referenced it as a stall

17 yard for all the wildlife that was there. It still

18 is today.

19 The elk and the deer and the moose use the

20 islands all the time. There's a group of elk

21 swimming across from the island to the mainland.

22 Some frogs, future frogs in one of the back

23 channels.

24 This next image is interesting. I had my

25 sister's mother-in-law from New Zealand out, and

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1 her dream was to see a bear out here. We found

2 this bear along the river, and instead of running

3 up or downstream, he decided to try and climb the

4 hill. He made it about three quarters of the way

5 up the hill and then he was just hanging there.

6 The top of the hill was all undercut banks and

7 stuff like that, so there was no way that he could

8 physically make it up there I don't think. And he

9 was hanging there, and I don't think he could come

10 down either.

11 We watched him for a minute there, and I

12 didn't want her to see her first bear tumble a

13 couple hundred yards down to the river, so we left,

14 and I don't know what happened. Since I've shown

15 this picture, I've talked to other people who have

16 seen elk and moose do the same thing and roll back

17 into the river.

18 This kind of shows the trouble the animals

19 have with the 4,010 individual slides along the

20 river.

21 Eagle catching a fish near Hudson's Hope.

22 This moose was interesting. He was laying

23 beside the bank when we were floating down the

24 river. He was injured; he's got one antler broken,

25 and he's pretty bitten up on the back end. Same

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1 situation, there was lots of hills, he wasn't able

2 to go up. He ran down the river, and then the only

3 option he had was to try and swim across.

4 Lower Halfway River, lots of erosion pillars.

5 Elks are moving across the river. I imagine

6 if the project goes forward, the large animals will

7 still be able to swim for most part of the year,

8 but the young ones for sure aren't going to make it

9 a lot of the time.

10 It's kind of neat walking around these

11 erosion pillars, because you find lots of fossils

12 around them.

13 That's balsam poplar trees. We see a lot of

14 bears in them in the springtime. You can sit on

15 the top of the hills with a spotting scope and see

16 them sitting there in the evenings eating the buds

17 off.

18 Fishing near Hudson's Hope.

19 It's a common garter snake, but it's an

20 unusual colour.

21 The end of the project on the Halfway. Where

22 the cut bank is to the left there, that's where the

23 flood water supposedly would end. All the islands

24 in the river, they provide lots of wildlife

25 habitat, birthing areas. You don't have to sit too

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1 long from the top of the hills and watch the

2 islands and you see elk and moose and deer walking

3 along them and crossing all the time.

4 This was that same moose as he was going in

5 front of us with the boat there. He was having a

6 lot of trouble; his one antler kept hitting him in

7 the face there.

8 Ardill's cattle drive. It's a long ways from

9 the river, but the highway is within the slough

10 zone, so it needs to be relocated.

11 One of the normal garter snakes. I don't

12 know how often they swim across the river, but this

13 one was in the middle.

14 A lot of fresh sloughing on the Halfway this

15 year that I haven't seen for a few years.

16 One of the fields that would be under water.

17 People talk about possible fog issues. Fog

18 of even a couple hours extra a day can make a huge

19 impact to the farmers in the area.

20 Some cactus in the wintertime.

21 Another spot where the highway has to be

22 relocated. The white line would be the new line.

23 When a guy spends a bit of time on the river

24 around some of these landslides, you always see big

25 clouds of dust from a distance when the rocks roll

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1 down and the trees come down. Not really a spot

2 you really want to spend a whole lot of time

3 walking along the shore.

4 This picture here, I was trying to find a

5 unique spot, something that would sort of put the

6 Peace on the map. I slid down a slope and kind of

7 looked up and there was a rock in front of me. A

8 lot of people see a face in the rock. With the

9 help of a few friends, we called it the Keeper of

10 the Peace.

11 After I showed the picture to a few people, a

12 lady from the museum contacted me, and there's a

13 story in The Hudson's Bay archives. In 1870, a man

14 travels from Winnipeg to the coast by way of

15 snowshoe dog team. He gets to Fort St. John in the

16 springtime, and he leaves town with a First Nations

17 guide. They don't go too far from town, and they

18 are on a hill, and they refer to a rock called

19 Chimaru (phonetic), after a chief at that time. I

20 haven't got the document with me today, but I'll

21 provide that.

22 They talk about the rock overlooking the

23 river. They talk about the lips and the eyes, the

24 chin. They say it's sort of sphynx-like. Some

25 people say I found the rock. Since 1870, I'm not

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1 sure, there has been so many slides and stuff; it

2 easily could have fallen into the river, but it

3 does add a little bit of mystery.

4 This last picture is the bear again, and I

5 put it up just because it just shows how much

6 trouble they have with the slopes.

7 So that's the end of the show.

8 I guess at the end of this, I hope we're all

9 keepers of the Peace.

10 THE CHAIRMAN: Thank you, Mr. Hoffmann. Do

11 you fly yourself? Many of those were aerials.

12 MR. DONALD HOFFMANN: I had a friend with a plane

13 and I talked him into taking me up for a trip.

14 THE CHAIRMAN: Good deal. Thank you.

15 Does anybody have any questions they wished

16 to ask Mr. Hoffmann.

17 MS. MARILYN BELAK: Hi. Marilyn Belak.

18 I just had one question about the little

19 islands and sandbars we could see. When I was on

20 the Invasive Weed Committee, we discussed the

21 invasion of these sand bars with the clover and the

22 deer being unable to cross from island or sandbar

23 to shore because of the nature of this tall yellow

24 clover and tangling up and how it was changing the

25 habitat. Have you seen any of that in taking your

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1 pictures?

2 MR. DONALD HOFFMANN: I wouldn't say so. I do have

3 a lot of friends that spend time on the river in

4 the springtime, and they do find a lot of fawns

5 floating in the river, you know, that have died not

6 from predators, but probably from crossing when the

7 water was high. But otherwise I haven't

8 experienced that.

9 THE CHAIRMAN: Thank you, sir. There are no

10 further questions? Thank you.

11 I then call Diane Culling.

12

13 Presentation by Diane Culling:

14 MS. DIANE CULLING: Good afternoon. My name is Diane

15 Culling, C-u-l-l-i-n-g. I am from Fort St. John.

16 Mr. Chairman, I will be referencing a number

17 of documents in my presentation, and they have been

18 submitted to the Registry.

19 My presentation consists of three sections.

20 I'll start by taking a few minutes to describe my

21 connection to British Columbia's Peace River. Then

22 I'll examine three statements regarding the need

23 for, impacts of, and support for the Site C dam one

24 frequently hears that warrant further scrutiny. I

25 will conclude with a personal perspective on what

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1 the struggle to save this valley has meant to me.

2 I'm a Manitoba farm girl that married into

3 the Peace region, and that was the start of a

4 three-decade love affair in more ways than one. I

5 first visited northeastern BC in the fall of 1981,

6 fresh off the European backpacking circuit. I flew

7 into a very busy Fort St. John airport late one

8 night during the height of a natural gas boom.

9 I told my fiance that Fort St. John didn't

10 really look like my kind of town. So the first

11 thing the next morning, he took me out to the

12 lookout on the Halfway River and I said, okay, I'm

13 in.

14 As we stood there looking out over those

15 autumn fields, he told me there were plans to flood

16 the valley. When I went back to Manitoba, I told

17 my family and friends that British Columbia was

18 very beautiful, but that its citizens were clearly

19 insane, and so started over three decades of

20 opposition to the dam they call Site C.

21 I never had the opportunity to see the upper

22 Peace before the construction of the Bennett and

23 Peace Canyon Dams. However, I suspect not many

24 participants to these hearings have spent as much

25 time both playing and working on the Williston

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1 Reservoir and in the surrounding mountains as I

2 have.

3 I married into a family that spent as much

4 time as possible in the mountains of the upper

5 Peace watershed; skidooing on the ice in winter and

6 boating in summer.

7 As you can see by this photo, sometimes the

8 seasons overlapped.

9 During the December hearings, Madam Beaudet

10 asked the question: What is the difference between

11 a lake and a reservoir? The next few slides help

12 to illustrate some of those differences.

13 The drawdown of Williston Reservoir

14 throughout the year as electricity is generated

15 results in some interesting ice formations as the

16 old tree stumps become exposed. You hear people

17 talk about log rockets shooting through the water

18 column and high into the air. That's a myth.

19 However, there are some very real hazards

20 associated with travelling on Williston, including

21 navigating pressure ridges and methane holes with

22 your snow mobile or hitting submerged dead heads

23 and floating debris with your boat.

24 The image on the right is from the Dinosaur

25 Reservoir. Daily fluctuations of water levels in a

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1 run of the river reservoir pose their own

2 challenges.

3 There's no doubt that our family and friends

4 have had a lot of fun up Williston, but it is most

5 definitely a reservoir, not a lake. Perpetually

6 fluctuating water levels never allow shoreline

7 vegetation to become established. However, some of

8 us take that sort of thing more seriously than

9 others.

10 Opposition to large industrial projects is

11 often characterized as being on strictly emotional

12 grounds. Those who refuse to accept the mantra

13 that all development is good development are at

14 best dismissed as tree huggers with no

15 understanding of economics, and, at worse, branded

16 as terrorists, but one man's terrorist is another

17 man's informed citizen.

18 I would argue that opponents of Site C are

19 generally very well informed on the issues. In

20 contrast, support for Site C is also often based on

21 misconceptions. So let's examine three statements

22 often made in support of Site C to see if they hold

23 water:

24 The 2013 EIS Executive Summary states that

25 forecasts show that customer demand for electricity

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1 is expected to increase by about 40 percent over

2 the next 20 years. However, there are many

3 compelling reasons to question that demand

4 forecast.

5 The Edison Electric Institute is an

6 association of US shareholder-owned electric

7 companies that represent approximately 70 percent

8 of the US electric power industry. In

9 January 2013, EEI released a report on disruptive

10 challenges to the industry.

11 The report lists several factors that

12 contribute to these disruptive challenges,

13 including falling costs of alternatives, increasing

14 focus on development of new distributed energy

15 resource technologies, and demand-side management,

16 increasing customer regulatory and political

17 interest in demand-side management, the declining

18 price of natural gas, slowing economic growth

19 trends, and rising electricity prices. The

20 convergence of these factors are considered

21 potential game changers to the U.S. electric

22 utility industry.

23 The EEI report notes an increasing interest

24 in energy conservation. Now, some say that we have

25 made great strides in energy conservation in this

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1 province.

2 This is a picture of a refrigeration unit at

3 the Fort St. John PriceSmart. These glass doors

4 were installed just a month ago. Examples of

5 energy waste are everywhere you look.

6 Energy conservation is without a doubt the

7 most cost-effective means of meeting our future

8 electricity demand, but not only have we not picked

9 the low-hanging fruit of conservation, we haven't

10 even bent down to pick up the fruit that is laying

11 on the ground at our feet.

12 I'm always bemused when I hear people say

13 that opponents of Site C should go back to using

14 candles. Would we like to live in the dark? But

15 this is the 21st century. The photo on the right

16 is of the home-made wind turbine my biologist

17 husband built. We got the instructions off one of

18 the roughly half a million YouTube videos dedicated

19 to do-it-yourself wind turbines. It powers part of

20 our office. This presentation was created using

21 home-made electricity. I won't be living in the

22 dark.

23 Now, I am certainly not suggesting that all

24 our future electrical demand will be met by wind

25 turbines built out of scrap metal and old GM

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1 alternators, but there is a growing global

2 counterculture that is no longer willing to believe

3 that generating electricity is the sole domain of

4 large utilities.

5 This highlights one of the concerns in the

6 Edison Electric Institute report. As it becomes

7 easier for rate payers to get off the grid, it

8 becomes necessary to increase the rates for the

9 utilities remaining customers, which provides

10 increased incentive to get off the grid.

11 While we have ever-increasing options for

12 electricity generation, when it comes to exciting

13 advances in meeting future demand, international

14 venture capitalist Vinod Khosla, who was ranked

15 number one of Forbes magazine's list of top 10

16 greenest billionaires believes:

17

18 "The greatest energy pay-offs

19 will come from fundamentally

20 reinventing mainstream

21 technologies."

22

23 To make them more efficient. This is a quote

24 from the January 2011 Scientific American

25 Interview.

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1 The EEI report cautions that those who do not

2 take these disruptive challenges seriously may want

3 to consider if 10 years ago they could have

4 envisioned that today so many telephone owners

5 would opt not to have a landline.

6 We need to take a hard look at the future of

7 the North American electricity market before we

8 build any more dams in British Columbia.

9 Statement number 2: Site C would generate

10 approximately 35 percent of electricity produced at

11 the Bennett Dam with only 5 percent of the

12 reservoir area.

13 To explore this statement, I will borrow a

14 concept from wildlife habitat selection analysis.

15 Caution is required when assigning value to a given

16 resource based on its availability. Proportion

17 does not equal significance. For example, say we

18 had a 1,000-square-foot house where the bathrooms

19 represented 5 percent of the total square-footage.

20 Now, let's exclude the bathrooms. They only

21 represent 5 percent. Does this structure still

22 function as a home? I don't think so.

23 So when we hear that the Site C reservoir

24 would be only 5 percent of the surface area of the

25 Williston Reservoir, we need to look for the truth

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1 behind the numbers.

2 The total amount of land flooded by the

3 proposed Site C dam is small compared to the area

4 of northeastern BC, but as you could see from Don

5 Hoffmann's photos, it is a very, very unique

6 landscape.

7 Statement number 3: The majority of British

8 Columbians support Site C.

9 According to the September 2013 opinion poll

10 conducted for BC Hydro by Anderson Insight, the

11 potential level of support for Site C is as high as

12 84 percent, and the core opposition is less than

13 20 percent.

14 However, the report goes on to state that

15 59 percent of respondents have never seen, read, or

16 heard about Site C in the first place.

17 I don't believe the majority of British

18 Columbians don't -- support flooding this valley.

19 The majority of British Columbians apparently have

20 never even heard of Site C.

21 And now we come to the heart of the matter.

22 One of the silver linings in the dark cloud that is

23 Site C is the people I've come to know in the fight

24 to save the Peace River Valley. Farmers and First

25 Nations and film makers, teachers and photographers

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1 and lawyers. Some of them are even tree huggers.

2 People who understand what Professor

3 Dumbledore was saying when he said:

4

5 "There comes a time when one

6 has to choose between what is right

7 and what is easy."

8

9 We've attended pre-consultation meetings and

10 consultation meetings. We've emptied our own bank

11 accounts, held art auctions, and picked beer cans

12 to fund awareness campaigns. BC Hydro has spent

13 hundreds of millions of dollars to get to this

14 point, and we have been picking beer cans out of

15 ditches. When we win this once and for all, we are

16 going to have to send a thank you note to

17 Anheuser-Busch.

18 And through it all, we have become not just

19 comrades, but friends. One couple in particular

20 stands out for me. Arlene Boon and her husband Ken

21 are fighting to save their third-generation family

22 farm. Arlene's grandfather fought to save the farm

23 from Site C in the 1970s, and now it's their turn.

24 Since I first met them in 2005, I have had a

25 growing respect for their wisdom and wit and

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1 spirit, and I am very honoured that they consider

2 me a friend.

3 But I've also seen some good people come and

4 go. Stopping Site C has been a 40-year war of

5 attrition, and some people worn down by the long

6 emotional battle just could not go on. Some felt

7 pressured by their employers to stand down, and

8 some just got fed up with the process.

9 So after seeing some very passionate allies

10 drift away in 2009, I went to Arlene to tell her

11 that I wasn't going anywhere, that no matter what

12 happened, I would be there until the end.

13 Tomorrow is an anniversary for me. It's a

14 year ago to the day that my oncologist said that I

15 had officially done with chemotherapy. Since being

16 diagnosed with cancer in 2012, it never once

17 occurred to me to drop out of the fight. You see,

18 we come and we go, but this valley has been

19 supporting people for over 10,000 years. Some of

20 our names might live on, like Alexander Mackenzie

21 and Chief Attachie. Though most of us are just

22 like the flickering images in timelapse photography

23 of a busy street corner. But if we give it a

24 chance, this valley could be here for 10,000 years

25 more.

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1 Now, I always try to expect the best but plan

2 for the worst, so one morning in the middle of my

3 cancer treatment, I picked up the phone to ask

4 Arlene for two favours. The first was that if

5 things didn't go well, could we hold my funeral at

6 their property along the banks of the Peace River

7 and at Bear Flats. And the second was whether some

8 of my ashes could be spread there where so many

9 generations of First Nations people have come to

10 gather, and where Alexander Mackenzie had seen so

11 many ungulate tracks he likened the place to a

12 barnyard.

13 I liked the idea that some day our kids might

14 have kids and they could take them to Bear Flats

15 and tell them about the grandmother they never

16 knew. They could tell them about how she loved

17 this valley and she never stopped fighting to save

18 it.

19 And that's the legacy I want the leave.

20 For, you see, I don't even -- I don't own

21 even a small piece of this valley, but over the

22 past three decades, this valley has come to own a

23 very big piece of me.

24 Thank you.

25 [Applause]

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1 THE CHAIRMAN: Thank you, Ms. Culling. I

2 can't imagine -- I can't imagine that there are any

3 questions. Thank you.

4 MS. DIANE CULLING: Sir, I have an undertaking request,

5 if I might.

6 Next week I would like to ask some questions

7 relating to this document from the 1980s, and I

8 don't know if it's appropriate, but I'd like to ask

9 if it could be an undertaking for BC Hydro -- I

10 only have a hard copy. It's the Site C Project,

11 Landslide Generated Wave Study, Moberly and Tea

12 Creek Slides Study from Western Canada Hydraulic

13 Labs, in November 1981. And in order to ask a

14 question, I need it to be in the Registry, and it

15 would be a bit onerous for me to make a digital

16 copy of it. So if BC Hydro could provide one to

17 the Registry?

18 THE CHAIRMAN: Does anybody have a copy of

19 this in digital form already?

20 MS. JACKSON: We can check. We do have a

21 full copy of everything that is available digitally

22 from the BCUC hearings, and we will check.

23 THE CHAIRMAN: Okay. We'll check.

24 MS. DIANE CULLING: Thank you.

25 THE CHAIRMAN: Thank you.

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1 Mr. James Little.

2

3 Presentation by Mr. James Little:

4 MR. JAMES LITTLE: Thanks for the opportunity to

5 allow me to present.

6 I've attempted to make your copies usable for

7 your binders, so hopefully that works for you.

8 And Hydro, I did supply you one also. I

9 didn't know how many I needed for Hydro, but it's

10 on this, the record, anyway, so ...

11 My name is James Little. Last name

12 L-i-t-t-l-e.

13 And I'll take the recommendation to try to go

14 slowly, as the last time I wasn't.

15 I'm a life-long resident of the Peace River

16 area. My goal was to present some basic concerns I

17 have for the project. This presentation will

18 highlight the history of projects and promises made

19 by BC Hydro on the Peace. It will provide a

20 background to those issues that impact residents of

21 the Peace River area if the Site C dam is given

22 approval to proceed, and I appreciate I'm following

23 two very eloquent people ahead of me, and I'll try

24 my best.

25 And I haven't went into a lot of other things

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1 I'd like to have gone into, because I believe it's

2 been covered by others, and I know it will be

3 covered so I've tried to stick to certain topics.

4 My background and experience, professional

5 designations and qualifications are as follows:

6 Professional agrologist, member number 815;

7 professional forestster, member number 3390;

8 Professional Appraisal - Institute of Canada

9 (retired), PA number 035200, 35 years' experience

10 with the BC government in Crown land management,

11 mainly in North East of BC, 1967 to 2002, projects

12 related to BC Hydro application and work on

13 BC Hydro tenures in previous Crown land

14 applications; land use study 1968, the south side

15 of the Peace River, Maurice Creek to Moberly River.

16 In other words, I have a good knowledge of the

17 reservoir, potential reservoir, because I've been

18 on that by foot. And even on foot in the river

19 when they flooded Williston Reservoir, you could

20 walk the river. You didn't need a boat.

21 Responsible for BC Hydro tenures from the

22 Crown 1968 to 2002. I co-chaired the Fort Nelson

23 Land and Resource Management Plan, 1990s to

24 completion. Assisted with the Fort St. John land

25 and resource management plan and plan categories.

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1 The Peace-Boudreau protected area along the Peace

2 River was adopted by planning table. 11 years

3 experience as a private consultant in land

4 management. This includes land use planning and

5 Crown land applications for clients.

6 My detailed resume is attached at page 18 if

7 you're looking for something to put yourself to

8 sleep for tonight.

9 For the presentation, I'll be addressing five

10 areas of concern. I'm going right straight to the

11 concerns.

12 Concern number one, that's on page 2, 2010

13 Clean Energy Act restricts BC Hydro from building

14 any one new project. In other words, only Site C.

15 This does not allow an accurate assessment of

16 alternatives, and this has been shown by BC Hydro's

17 bias in their comparisons of data for alternatives.

18 We've been forced to accept that the cost for

19 Site C will be around $8 billion. If the project

20 is to be proceed and costs escalate as they have,

21 the costs for the Northwest Transmission Line and

22 even for the small project like the boat launch at

23 Taylor, there'll be no recourse for the extra costs

24 except for paying to complete the project.

25 As of today and the economic announcements on

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1 the radio, they are projecting the Canadian Dollar

2 to go down to 90 cents by year's end and possibly

3 as low as in the upper 80s early next year. That

4 means it's dropped 15 cents from this time last

5 year, just so you know in terms of American dollar.

6 That does affect the cost of the dam.

7 It is my opinion that there is a need for an

8 independent review of the project for financial

9 projections that includes but not limited to the

10 following, and I'm talking to the BCUC.

11 Actual projected costs of compensation and

12 mitigation. BC Hydro again plans to use Crown land

13 as the mode of compensation for First Nations and

14 other landowners to achieve settlement of rights or

15 values lost with the creation of the Site C project

16 and reservoir. There are several significant

17 examples of proposed settlements with the First

18 Nations. How are these types of costs to be

19 included in the total cost of the project?

20 A rehabilitation plan for the proposed

21 reservoir inclusive of associated costs with

22 relocation measures needs to be addressed. The

23 lifespan of the proposed project varies from 70 to

24 100 years, according to BC Hydro and power

25 authority material. However, the WAC Bennett Dam

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1 is approaching its projected half-life. How does

2 this impact the proposed Site C dam and its

3 projected lifespan?

4 Concern number 2, existing projects on the

5 Peace River. In this I have to go in for history

6 to get to where I'm going to go and you'll see when

7 I get there.

8 Bennett Dam and the Williston Reservoir,

9 BC Hydro applied in 1984 for a reserve to install a

10 monitoring station on Branham Ridge. The purpose

11 of this monitoring was to identify the amount of

12 movement of the existing slide area there. The

13 concern when this reserve was established was that

14 if a significant amount of material slid into the

15 Williston Reservoir, the resulting weight could

16 potentially breach the Bennett Dam. Can BC Hydro

17 provide an update on this potential slide and

18 related monitoring of the potential slide areas on

19 the Peace?

20 I've included a map of the site locations for

21 Branham Ridge, and that's pages 16 and 17. One's a

22 larger copy. The second map on 17 is the one that

23 shows you the relationship of the dam. It's the

24 Bennett Dam and it shows you where the Branham

25 Ridge is. And a copy of the tenure print-outs for

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1 the sites are pages 10 to 15.

2 Those print-outs come from the Government

3 record, so I still have access to the government

4 record. I've been there before. I know how to do

5 it.

6 There have been a number of issues concerning

7 the Bennett Dam, its long-term stability and term

8 of operation. This dam is an essential structure

9 for works below the dam.

10 Can BC Hydro provide an update on whether the

11 work taken on the latest issue being the sinkhole,

12 which occurred within the dam? Has the sinkhole

13 been permanently corrected? And is it still under

14 monitoring for potential concerns?

15 When in government, I provided the necessary

16 permits for the required material that was used to

17 fill the sinkhole on and within the dam. The

18 amount of fill that was needed was significant.

19 The integrity of the Bennett Dam is a critical

20 component for any -- for the evaluation of any

21 further investment in infrastructure below the

22 Bennett Dam.

23 C. Boat launches at Williston Reservoir and

24 Site 1 reservoir. Dunlevy Creek boat launch, this

25 boat launch is not useable until water levels of

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1 the Williston Reservoir return to the levels that

2 allow for boats to be launched, generally July of

3 most years. The current structure limits access to

4 the Williston Reservoir.

5 Elizabeth Creek boat launch, this boat launch

6 does not have a dock to hold a boat once it's been

7 launched. Originally this site was used for

8 logging, the recollected by BC Hydro. They used it

9 as a collection point where they actually burnt the

10 logs and waste material at that site, and it is

11 used by the public now for boat launch.

12 Going on to Site 1, Peace Canyon Dam, The

13 boat launch and campsite was required to be

14 constructed by the water controller of the day.

15 Going to that issue, at the time the Chris Beauman

16 (phonetic) was the person in charge of the

17 construction of the Peace Canyon Dam, and he

18 advised me when I was in government that they

19 weren't going to put any park or campground there,

20 but the water controller came through and required

21 it.

22 BC Hydro has downloaded the responsibility of

23 the operation of this boat launch in campsites and

24 the Municipality of Hudson's Hope. No funds are

25 paid by BC Hydro for its operation, and I've

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1 verified this by checking with Hudson's Hope this

2 past week.

3 Crown land was used for compensation to

4 landowners flooded by the Williston Reservoir.

5 Crown land not available to the general public was

6 allowed to be titled to these owners. Crown land

7 title fronting the Williston Reservoir has

8 significantly eroded and fallen into this reservoir

9 since the reservoir was filled. And that's been

10 seen in a lot of the photographs and stuff you've

11 seen here presented.

12 BC Hydro holds a flowage easement for a

13 number of the remaining parcels along the Williston

14 Reservoir. This is the proposed type of easement

15 for the landowners that were retaining land along

16 the proposed Site C reservoir. The Site C

17 landowners will be allowed to use the lands for

18 restricted uses like grazing or crop production.

19 Improvements like buildings will not be allowed.

20 The actual land value will be limited because of

21 these easements on the title land.

22 My concern number 3, BC Hydro's reports

23 outline the area that will be affected by the

24 Site C project. Categories of land are as follows:

25 Areas to be flooded. 4,523 hectares taken from

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1 BC Hydro information "Project Definition

2 Consultation Fall of 2011." That might have been

3 2012; it could have been a typo on my part. I'll

4 check that.

5 Area of land taken by required roads and

6 infrastructure for the project. This includes land

7 required for realignment of Highway 29

8 (330 hectares). Road 271, there's no number given,

9 so I've put a question mark. Maybe BC Hydro can

10 provide that. Road 269, same. And other access

11 roads, just a question mark. BC Hydro states 75

12 hectares for access roads.

13 It should be noted, an application filed in

14 November 2013 for access roads on Ministry of

15 Forests, Lands & Natural Resource Operations file

16 number 8015666 covers 44 hectares. Copy

17 application attached for information purposes is on

18 the end of this document.

19 I guess my question, 78 hectares is not --

20 it's a lot larger number that's going to be used

21 for access roads. That's a wrong number.

22 There is a need to include the area of land

23 required for transmissions lines from and to the

24 proposed dam site. BC Hydro normally holds

25 exclusive rights to the right-of-ways and Crown

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1 land, and that means you can't sell it or use it

2 for something else, because it's for --

3 Any land, area of land, that is considered to

4 be within erosion impact line, BC Hydro have

5 estimated 1,373 hectares. Stability impact line,

6 that's I don't know how much that is, it doesn't

7 mention, or landslide generated wave impact line.

8 In a report produced for BC Hydro by Crippen

9 Berger and SCN Lavelin. It's September 2009. It

10 states:

11

12 "The uncertainties in

13 predicting both the extent and rate

14 of shoreline impacts led to the

15 proposal to adopt an observational

16 approach for periodically reviewing

17 and updating the reservoir impact

18 lines after the reservoir had been

19 filled."

20

21

22 I would suggest that any area of value

23 attributed to the land located within these zones

24 is highly variable. What was -- with what has

25 happened with the shoreline along Williston

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1 Reservoir, no one can predict where the erosion

2 will finally end except where it encounters

3 bedrock.

4 What is the total estimate of land area for

5 these categories using BC Hydro's proposed

6 boundaries for these categories and the impact

7 lines for the Site C reservoir?

8 Area of land required for construction

9 materials like ballast, gravel and storage

10 materials for the construction including temporary

11 campsite. What is the size of the area for these?

12 For the sites?

13 Area of land with BC -- within BC required

14 outside of the Peace River area that would be

15 required for transmission lines and required

16 substations. What is the size of the areas for

17 those sites?

18 And that's other areas that would be affected

19 by this project. They'll need that other lands

20 elsewhere out of the Peace River area, and that's

21 not included.

22 Concern number 4, costs of the project.

23 Costs of the project has varied and now appear to

24 be settled on $8 billion. These costs have been

25 used to evaluate Site C as compared to all other

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1 alternatives for electrical production.

2 I have several questions on how or if the

3 value for certain actual costs have or will be

4 accounted for.

5 Use of Crown land for settlements of land or

6 rights taken. There are existing proposals for

7 land to be used in mitigation of rights lost. This

8 includes lands to be allocated to First Nations and

9 potentially to other landowners. Will this cost or

10 value for this land be included in the project

11 cost?

12 Has it been taken into consideration to date?

13 It would appear that Crown land is being used as an

14 open chequebook once again for BC Hydro to use, as

15 was done for the Bennett Dam, and when the Bennett

16 Dam -- the settlement of the Bennett Dam went

17 forward, people could choose and pick the land

18 where they wanted throughout the Northern BC here,

19 and they got it, and there would be land that other

20 people weren't available to have, period, and they

21 got special deals on it.

22 How would they expect their expenditures for

23 recreation facility proposed be guaranteed and

24 reserved for use when this type of construction

25 cannot be completed until well beyond the filling

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1 of the reservoir?

2 Proposed boat launches and camp and picnic

3 site. These cannot be constructed until the banks

4 of the proposed reservoir stabilize. This is

5 expected to take 8 to 10 years. Dollars will need

6 to be set aside to guarantee that these facilities

7 will be built. Who will be responsible for their

8 operations and costs and maintenance?

9 Referring back to Hudson's Hope.

10 Highway 29, a good portion of this highway is

11 being realigned along the reservoir. Significant

12 data exists that suggests at least some of the

13 rebuilt road will eventually have to be replaced

14 due to sloughing into the reservoir. Sloughing

15 proved to be a significant issue within the

16 Williston Reservoir and continues today. It is my

17 opinion, since the public have not requested

18 Highway 29 to be relocated, and since the Ministry

19 of Transportation and Infrastructure have limited

20 funds for road maintenance, it should be assumed by

21 -- BC Hydro should be responsible for the

22 maintenance of those roads that fail because of any

23 infrastructure that's created by them. Again, this

24 would be an ongoing cost for BC Hydro that has to

25 be included in the project costs and future

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1 maintenance costs of the project.

2 Who will be responsible for the signing and

3 closure of access that will lead to the reservoir

4 safe line areas? BC Hydro eventually was required

5 to sign the existing two reservoirs, as this was

6 not completed as part of the initial two reservoir

7 fillings. Literally people could have went down

8 lines and jumped into the reservoir, not even

9 knowing they are going into a lake. Back then.

10 And we in government forced them to have to go sign

11 it and then actually berm many sites.

12 Especially on Site 1, they had to berm where

13 the pipeline crossed, and a number of things we

14 forced them to do after the reservoir was filled.

15 Other than that, people could have just

16 casually went in there and dumped in there.

17 Sorry. I get a little emotional on some of

18 that.

19 There's also a cost for this, and this also

20 needs to be added to the costs of the project.

21 Funds. Funds will be necessary for the

22 enhancement of wildlife habitat and other areas

23 that BC Hydro has identified that they would be

24 prepared to do if they are allowed the Site C

25 project.

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1 Concern number 5. The panel needs to

2 identify substantial fund that will be required and

3 available to carry out any project that cannot be

4 completed at the end of the Site C project.

5 Significant reasons could prevent or delay the

6 completion of the required project. E.g.,

7 recreation sites from be constructed due to

8 unstable shorelines, wildlife habitat enhancement

9 and monitoring.

10 In my experience in government, in the

11 administration of these types of agreements, is

12 that agreements need to be both contractual and

13 funded, otherwise they do not get completed.

14 In conclusion, the total cost of Site C has

15 not been determined with the additional costs, that

16 amount -- that amount will exceed the

17 8-billion-dollar estimate for the project. The

18 most alternate -- the costs of alternate energy

19 does not match the cost of Site C. The natural gas

20 energy alternative in Calgary is far cheaper, and

21 if natural gas is good enough to generate

22 electricity for LNG, it should be good enough for

23 the other electrical uses in BC. It is a far

24 greater back-up system than large hydro dams.

25 We do not need Site C.

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1 Thank you.

2 [Applause]

3 THE CHAIRMAN: Thank you, Mr. Little.

4 May I remind the audience that demonstrations

5 and applause are not particularly helpful, and I

6 would appreciate it if you would refrain from that.

7 Are there questions for Mr. Little? A number

8 of the specific questions that you raise I note --

9 for example, about dam safety, seismicity, the

10 sinkhole, and so on, will be addressed in a special

11 session on that.

12 MR. JAMES LITTLE: I appreciated that, but I

13 was --

14 THE CHAIRMAN: But you wanted to put it on

15 the --

16 MR. JAMES LITTLE: -- bringing it forward today

17 and it will be on the record to do that now.

18 THE CHAIRMAN: -- record and make sure they

19 do get answered, yes.

20 MR. JAMES LITTLE: Yes, I do have one point I

21 would like to add from the very opening comment by

22 Susan, and it's going back to the fact that we had

23 a poll to justify Site C, and 80 percent of the

24 province did well at saying they wanted to support

25 it. But I want to on the record remember the

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1 people that last May we had a provincial election,

2 and we had 20 polls that said it was going to be a

3 different government than we have today, and the

4 same thing happened in Alberta, so polls even by

5 experts aren't good.

6 So thank you.

7 THE CHAIRMAN: I recall Mr. Diefenbaker's

8 comments about the polls as well, yes.

9 MR. JAMES LITTLE: I won't repeat that one

10 though. Thank you.

11 THE CHAIRMAN: Hydro, do you wish to address

12 any of the questions that he raises now? Or save

13 them until your closing? Or up to you.

14 MS. YURKOVICH: Mr. Chair, there's a number

15 of things. I think we'll reflect on that and

16 perhaps address some of them in our closing. And

17 as you said, some of them will be addressed in our

18 session on dam safety and other topics, so if

19 that's all right with you, we will do it in our

20 closing.

21 THE CHAIRMAN: That's fine. Thank you very

22 much.

23 Are there any other questions for Mr. Little?

24 Then we thank you, sir.

25 MR. JAMES LITTLE: Thanks a lot.

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1 THE CHAIRMAN: We now have a foursome: Jill

2 Copes, Ruth Veiner, Patsy Nagel and Maya Wenger.

3

4 Presentation by British Columbia's Women's Institute:

5 Jill Copes

6 Ruth Veiner

7 Patsy Nagel

8 Maya Wenger

9

10 MS. JILL COPES: Good afternoon. I'm Jill

11 Copes, last name is C-o-p-e-s.

12 I'm president of British Columbia's Women's

13 Institute, a member of Nor-Pioneer Women's

14 Institute. I was Senior Weed Inspector for the

15 Peace River Regional District from 1987 to 1997,

16 and the New Invaders Contract from 1998 to 2008.

17 To my left is Ruth Veiner. She's the

18 Provincial Agriculture Convener, member of Landry

19 Women's Institute and a former commissioner with

20 the Agricultural Land Commission.

21 To her left is Patsy Nagel --

22 Oh, we got them in the wrong order here.

23 Okay. It Maya Wenger, and she's the member

24 of Nor-Pioneer Women's Institute, and she was a

25 former 4-H specialist.

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1 And to her left is Patsy Nagel. She's the

2 past provincial president of British Columbia

3 Women's Institute from 1996 to 1999, and she was

4 the BC Executive Director to the Federated Women's

5 Institute of Canada from 2000 to 2003, and the

6 instigator for the establishment of Agriculture in

7 the Classroom in British Columbia.

8 Next week, British Columbia Women's Institute

9 and the Peace Valley Environmental Association have

10 expert witnesses Evelyn Woltersom, Ev Eco

11 Consulting (phonetic) and Wendy Holm, the Holm team

12 providing technical information for agriculture.

13 And I would like to thank the panel for

14 taking the time to listen to our concerns regarding

15 Site C dam on the Peace River. And I also want to

16 mention I hope you enjoyed your Christmas holiday,

17 because you have had such a tremendous job to do.

18 We are going to take turns talking, and I'm

19 going to introduce the organization. Ruth will be

20 talking about food security, food sovereignty, and

21 Agricultural Land Commission. Maya will be talking

22 about value, the food-growing capacity potential,

23 the food-growing value and what type of food can be

24 grown. Patsy will be talking about agriculture in

25 the classroom. I will be doing the conclusion, and

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1 Patsy will have a short demonstration for you.

2 Women's Institute is a volunteer organization

3 for woman that was founded in 1897 in Ontario and

4 came to BC in 1909 during British Columbia's

5 Women's Institute's over 100-year history, BCWI

6 remains a women's group interested, informed, and

7 involved in building a better tomorrow.

8 BCWI is incorporated under the Farmers and

9 Womens Institute Act of British Columbia. It is a

10 category one society of Associated Country Women of

11 the World, ACWW. That's our international

12 organization represented in 70 countries and has

13 consultative status with the United Nations.

14 BCWI is also a member of our national

15 organization Federated Women's Institute of Canada,

16 that represents all our provinces.

17 A quote from our history book by Iona

18 Campagnolo, Lieutenant-Governor of British Columbia

19 at the time, and an honorary patron to British

20 Columbia WI.

21 Women's institutes have a clear and sustained

22 vision for the future. There's pride in knowing

23 that through the decades, the institutes have

24 maintained the integrity with which it still speaks

25 from a basically rural base while remaining a

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1 respected and strong voice for responsible,

2 sustainable agriculture and a positive force in

3 women's lives. British Columbia's Women's

4 Institute has been in opposition of the

5 construction of Site C dam on the Peace River since

6 the dam was first introduced.

7 In 1974, BCWI presented a resolution to the

8 Federal Government requesting the government to

9 sponsor a research program into alternate sources

10 of energy.

11 In 1976, BCWI presented a resolution

12 requesting the BC Hydro commission to cancel all

13 plans for projected dams below the then-planned

14 Site 1 on the Peace River.

15 Then again in 1987, BCWI presented another

16 resolution to the Provincial Government that BCWI

17 is opposed to Site C development. The government

18 does not seem to be listening.

19 In 2008, British Columbia Women's Institute

20 sent another resolution opposing any further

21 hydro-electric dam such as the proposed Site C dam

22 on the Peace River. However, Site C kept

23 progressing with consultation meetings and buying

24 of properties. Therefore, in 2012, BCWI saw a need

25 to do a letter-writing campaign, and this was sent

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1 to Federal and Provincial politicians of the day.

2 The campaign involved members from throughout the

3 province. We have 14 districts, and each month

4 members from two districts sent letters. We have

5 over 700 members.

6 In 2012, we were privileged to have the Right

7 Honourable Judith Guichon, Lieutenant-Governor of

8 British Columbia, as our honorary patron. She

9 attended our annual meeting, and one of her

10 comments was that Women's Institutes presented

11 concerns to the governments well before their time.

12 We have been concerned about the building of

13 the dam since 1976, or I should say 1974 when the

14 BCWI requested the government to look into

15 alternate energy.

16 BCWI is not only concerned about the

17 preservation of agriculture-producing lands at a

18 local level, but also worldwide. What with the

19 increase in population globally and the shrinking

20 of prime land, every valuable acre needs to be

21 preserved. Yes, we do need power, but there are

22 alternative means of supplying power without

23 leaving such a devastating footprint and at much

24 lower overall cost.

25 In our submission, we included letters of

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1 support from our international organization ACWW

2 and our national organization FWIC, plus e-mails

3 from various provinces indicating the necessity of

4 preserving valuable, productive agricultural lands

5 in the world.

6 British Columbia Women's Institutes has been

7 promoting Buy BC Produce since 1917. Yes, since

8 1917, when the government first introduced the

9 idea, and we continue to do so today. It is known

10 that imported produce is not as nutritious as

11 locally grown.

12 A quote from Farm Credit Canada, FCC,

13 expressed December 20th, 2013:

14

15 "Several studies in British

16 Columbia have turned up similar

17 results. Consumers prefer to

18 purchase local food when they can.

19 Now, Canada Safeway and the BC Food

20 Processors Association have

21 launched Buy BC Food, an initiative

22 to help consumers identify

23 provincially grown food products in

24 all 76 BC Safeway stores."

25

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1 All the more reason to preserve this valuable

2 land in the Peace Valley, as it has the potential

3 to supply many of the stores with valuable BC

4 produce.

5 Now I'll turn it over to Ruth.

6 MS. RUTH VEINER: Ruth Veiner, agriculture

7 convener for BCWI.

8 Food security and food sovereignty, both

9 important factors, connected but different, are of

10 utmost importance in our world today. Food

11 security is the right to a secure source of food.

12 In our times of increased transportation costs and

13 our attempt to go green, we need the food to be

14 produced as near to our tables as possible.

15 Food security in this era of climate change

16 may be a very different picture in the future than

17 what it is today. We cannot assume that we will

18 always have cheap imported fruits and vegetables.

19 Our government shows a serious lack of foresight as

20 to preserving domestic agricultural land in the

21 light of possible international security issues and

22 costs to transport fruits and vegetables to Canada

23 and the vast northern regions.

24 The Food and Agricultural Organization state

25 that food security exists when all people at all

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1 times have physical, social, and economic access to

2 sufficient, safe, and nutrition food which meets

3 their dietary needs and food preferences for an

4 active and healthy life.

5 Food Sovereignty is our privilege as

6 Canadians and British Columbians to produce our

7 food locally or within our country so that we are

8 not dependent on imports of food that we have no

9 control over either the quality or availability.

10 It is estimated that 40 to 50 percent of the food

11 consumed in BC is imported. Shame on us. Food

12 sovereignty is the right of farmers to produce food

13 and the right of consumers to decide what they

14 consume and how and by whom it is produced. It is

15 the right of countries to protect themselves from

16 food dumping and food imports priced below a

17 reasonable cost of production.

18 Not everyone is a producer of food, but we

19 are all eaters. We as eaters must protect valuable

20 food-producing land so that those who do produce

21 the food can continue to do so and feed all of us

22 who are eaters.

23 The Peace River Valley is valuable

24 food-producing land. It is not just the quality of

25 the Class 1 and 2 land, but the microclimate in the

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1 Peace River Valley that makes it possible to

2 produce the crops that are grown there. It takes

3 both quality of the soil and a special climate to

4 produce specialty crops. The Peace River Valley

5 has both microclimate and quality land to produce

6 these crops to feed Northern BC, the Yukon, the

7 Northwest Territories and beyond.

8 The consultative process that BC Hydro

9 undertook was a sham and a dictative process. How

10 could anyone who questioned BC Hydro about the dam

11 or had alternative suggestions feel even remotely

12 satisfied with a setting structured so that as an

13 individual you were faced with many people whose

14 only program was to sell Site C? We attended many,

15 and each one was as frustrating as the first one.

16 One producer brought a beautiful basket of

17 produce only to be told that if there was time at

18 the end of the program, he would be allowed to

19 speak. Attendees insisted on hearing what he had

20 to say, and he had production figures and dollar

21 values to back up his plea to not flood the

22 valuable land in the Peace River Valley.

23 BCWI has been a supporter of the Agricultural

24 Land Commission since its inception in 1974, and we

25 have major concerns over the announcement by

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1 Minister of Energy and Mines that the ALC Act

2 requirements will not apply to any of the lands

3 potentially affected by the project.

4 The ALC has been a protector of BC

5 agriculture land since 1974 and, as such, has been

6 strongly supported by BC women's institutes.

7 I look at this land not as having been given

8 to me by my ancestors, but rather as borrowed from

9 my children and my grandchildren.

10 In closing, a quote from the National

11 Conservatory of Canada:

12

13 "We will be judged not only

14 by what we choose to save, but also

15 by what we choose to destroy."

16

17

18 I wish we could save the Peace River Valley.

19 MS. MAYA WENGER: My name is Maya Wenger,

20 W-e-n-g-e-r. I will be talking about the value of

21 the Peace River Valley in terms of the food-growing

22 capacity.

23 Why is this valley needed for agricultural

24 production in British Columbia? The EIS has

25 reflected a lack of real appreciation for the

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1 impact of urbanization on available agricultural

2 land in BC. The Nutrition Security Institute in

3 the United States states that if soil loss

4 continues at present rates, it is estimated that

5 there is only another 48 years of topsoil left.

6 We would suggest that with the rapid rate of

7 development in the Okanagan and Fraser Valleys of

8 BC, we will be needing the food-growing capacity of

9 the Peace River Valley sooner than later.

10 When these two valleys have been covered with

11 homes and factories, the Peace River Valley will

12 still be available. This is because it is situated

13 beside and moving away from the urban development

14 of Fort St. John, its nearby city. This is a very

15 rare situation for Class 1 agricultural lands, and

16 according to our expert witness research, which you

17 will hear next week, this tract of land is

18 equivalent to the size of the Fraser Delta. It is

19 huge in both size and potential.

20 The EIS demonstrates the serious lack of

21 appreciation for the potential food-growing value

22 of the Peace River Valley.

23 The EIS wrote in their utility rating review

24 of the agricultural land value that a large portion

25 of the land has not been used for agricultural

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1 production, and therefore will probably never be

2 used for such purposes. We cannot disagree more

3 strongly with their conclusion. These lands have

4 not been utilized because for the last 50 years

5 there has been an official flood reserve

6 designation put against the land, which has

7 discouraged agricultural development.

8 Who in their right mind is going to put years

9 of labour and financing into a farm that will be

10 flooded within one or two generations?

11 Secondly, it has been underutilized for fruit

12 and vegetable crops, because right now it is

13 cheaper to import apricots and melons from

14 California and the southern hemisphere than to grow

15 them up here. This is the reality of today's

16 economics. However, will it still be like that in

17 50 or 100 years? 200 years? 10,000 years?

18 Forever is a long time.

19 And I would suggest to you, to the panel,

20 that if you look into the Canadian seed catalogues,

21 there are a lot of variety of tree fruits now that

22 are meant for northern climates, and those would

23 flourish incredibly well in the Peace River Valley.

24 We suggest that the EIS does not appreciate

25 the value of the type of food we can grow in the

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1 Peace River Valley. The Peace River Valley is our

2 only consistent source of warm-climate foods with a

3 high enough production capacity to provide the

4 northeast corner of BC with items such as

5 cucumbers, corns, melons, tree fruits and berries.

6 This was recognized in a technical report presented

7 by Cheesman and Davis to the BC Utilities

8 Commission in June of 1982.

9 We four women live on the flat lands above,

10 and we can grow lettuce, carrots, potatoes and

11 cabbages, but we cannot reliably grow the warm

12 climate fruits and vegetables. I've had the

13 ability to grow corn three times in the last 22

14 years on our farm.

15 The Peace River Valley has the capacity to

16 grow these foods due to its Class 1 and 2 soils,

17 irrigation capacity, long growing days and

18 microclimate.

19 We would also like to suggest that the

20 virtually virgin soils of the Peace River Valley

21 will produce food of very high nutritional value

22 since they have the original soil micronutrients,

23 humus and fibre needed to be Class 1 soils but have

24 not been farmed very much or at all.

25 At the Rio Earth Summit in 1992, researchers

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1 reported that between 1900 and 1960, nutrient

2 depletion in vegetables has decreased by an average

3 of 72 to 85 percent in Europe, Africa, Asia and the

4 USA due to volume-focused farming practices. This

5 same paper reflects the growing agreement that food

6 grown in nutrition-deficient soils lacks the

7 nutrients needed to keep most people healthy. We

8 know that nutrient deficiencies are associated with

9 chronic diseases such as heart conditions, chronic

10 bronchitis, asthma, bone deformities.

11 This indicates that it is a very high

12 importance that the Peace River Valley still has

13 all the soil micro-organisms and trace minerals

14 needed to grow nutrient-dense fruits and

15 vegetables, significantly increasing the health

16 potential of our northern population.

17 And as the gentleman this morning noticed,

18 that there is no discussion whatsoever on

19 horticultural potential for this valley, and we

20 would request that the panel request thorough time

21 to pursue information on the potential of

22 horticultural use of this valley as part of their

23 review.

24 Thank you.

25 MS. PATSY NAGEL: Yes, this is Patsy Nagel

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1 reporting.

2 Several years ago, I became alarmed that our

3 children were growing up agriculturally illiterate.

4 To this end, our BC Women's Institute created a

5 program called Agriculture in the Classroom, or

6 AITC, to take into Grade 4 to 6 classrooms to try

7 to educate students on the importance of producing

8 food.

9 So many of them thought milk came from a

10 carton, as did eggs. Bacon came in a package. And

11 they all originated in the local supermarket.

12 It was interesting and gratifying to find

13 that these students were very interested in food

14 production and listened intently to the farmers who

15 entered their classrooms or hosted them on their

16 farms.

17 Even the teachers were interested in learning

18 more about how food is produced and how important

19 farmland is to feed the world.

20 The AITC program also endeavoured to show

21 students the importance of protecting our

22 agricultural land from huge shopping malls and

23 other ways of destroying forever that precious

24 food-producing land.

25 They were appalled to think that a huge dam

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1 such as was proposed in Site C on our Peace River

2 would destroy forever thousands of acres of some of

3 the best farmland in BC. They found out that this

4 soil was some of the best that is found north of

5 Quesnel and that the microclimate of the valley

6 makes it capable of growing many of the soft fruits

7 and tender vegetables that we now have to bring in

8 from lands far away to the south.

9 Of course, this information brought out the

10 fact that the many trucks used to bring this

11 produce to us makes this food cost much more than

12 that produced at home. And also the amount of fuel

13 used and the exhaust produced would pollute our air

14 and be one of the causes of global warming.

15 Even at that young age, these students were

16 aware of the damage greenhouse gases cause to our

17 environment.

18 Indeed, these students who were introduced to

19 this program are now adults, aware of the

20 importance of protecting our precious

21 food-producing land. We hope that you will agree

22 that the potential for food production in the Peace

23 River Valley is worth saving for future

24 generations, not only for the Peace, but also for

25 our province and our country.

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1 MS. JILL COPES: Our conclusion: British

2 Columbia Women's Institute is opposed to the

3 construction of Site C dam on the Peace River. We

4 have been in opposition of this project for

5 40 years. There are other sources of more

6 economical ways to generate power. Once this land

7 is flooded, it is lost forever. That includes the

8 loss of heritage sites and wildlife habitat, loss

9 of food security and food sovereignty.

10 The decision to cancel this project once and

11 for all would lift the shadow created by the flood

12 reserve, thus allowing agricultural growth in the

13 future.

14 We, meaning you and me, BC Hydro, everyone in

15 the room, British Columbia, Canada, and the world,

16 cannot afford to lose this valuable

17 agriculture-producing land that is located away

18 from encroachment by urbanization. We need to

19 protect our invaluable ecosystem and the natural

20 beauty of our rivers that is so much a part of what

21 makes BC the best place on earth. Money cannot buy

22 what we will lose.

23 And Patsy will give a demonstration.

24 MS. PATSY NAGEL: I will have to stand up to do

25 this one, so --

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1 All right.

2 I would like to show you a demonstration we

3 used in our Agriculture in the Classroom

4 presentations. I hope you'll find it quite

5 illuminating.

6 I have here a large red apple. This will

7 represent our earth, the whole earth.

8 Now, I'm going to cut it into quarters, like

9 this. Now, two pieces of this earth represents the

10 oceans where we cannot grow food. So they will

11 have to go over here. Now, another quarter has to

12 go there too, because these are the mountains and

13 deserts of the world, so that's three quarters of

14 our world is not suitable to grow food.

15 Now, I'm going to cut this quarter in half

16 and hope I don't cut my fingers too. And one more

17 piece goes over here as that represents our icecaps

18 and lakes of the world. I'm getting kind of small

19 here now.

20 I'm cutting this in half one more time, and

21 this piece also goes over there, because it

22 represents our cities, airports, roads, and things

23 like that where we can't grow food.

24 Now, I'm going to do one last cut, and then

25 one of these pieces will also be removed. This

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1 piece represents the industries of the world.

2 Around here, it's mostly refineries, pipelines and

3 mines, but in other parts of the world it would be

4 different kind of industry.

5 This last thin strip is all that remains of

6 the world that is suitable to grow food for all

7 humanity.

8 Now I'm going to peel it. This peeling

9 represents the topsoil, which is the only part of

10 the earth that can really grow our food. We feel

11 that we must save the precious food-producing lands

12 in the world, and this one is the Peace River

13 Valley. We must save it for our future

14 generations. We have to save the great --

15 MS. COPES, VEINER, NAGEL AND WENGER: -- Peace River

16 Valley.

17 MS. JILL COPES: Thank you.

18 [Applause]

19 THE CHAIRMAN: Thank you very much. We

20 don't normally allow people with large knives into

21 the hearings, but ...

22 And I would like to say --

23 MS. PATSY NAGEL: In our school presentations

24 we always gave the apple to the students. We cut

25 it up a little further, and they all had a piece.

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1 THE CHAIRMAN: Good. And I would just note

2 in passing that in 1974, the Federal Government

3 established an office of energy conservation, and

4 in 1976 a directorate for renewable energy

5 resources, both from the old Department of Energy,

6 Mines and Resources. And now I know why. Thank

7 you.

8 Are there any questions that anyone wishes to

9 raise at this point? I see one.

10 SPEAKER: Well, thank you to the WI. What a

11 wonderful group of women. Thank you so much. I

12 just want to ask some of the ladies here -- Ruth

13 Veiner, perhaps Patsy Nagel, I know them a bit.

14 Can they remember when they were kids what was the

15 reason people first came to the Peace River

16 country? What was the big reason, the number one

17 reason?

18 MS. RUTH VEINER: It was land and soil that

19 would produce food. It's what brought my ancestors

20 here. I'm now a third-generation producer, and

21 I've been here long enough I've produced two more

22 generations. So it's important to us to be able to

23 produce food.

24 MS. PATSY NAGEL: That's the same reason my

25 grandparents came to this country too. I was born

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1 here in the old Pouce Coupe Red Cross Hospital, and

2 that's a few years ago.

3 SPEAKER: Thank you. Most of the people that

4 came to this country, that settled this country

5 originally, came from the dust bowl of the

6 prairies. They came from circumstances that were

7 disastrous as a result of radical weather and much

8 poorer growing regions than we have here. I think

9 it really needs to be stressed that the Peace River

10 Valley and all the adjacent farmlands around that

11 valley represented a very unique, rich agricultural

12 potential for them.

13 THE CHAIRMAN: Thank you. This is supposed

14 to be for questions rather than editorials, but I

15 appreciate the point. I do think the question was

16 a bit of a setup, but ...

17 Are there any other comments that anybody

18 would like to raise? Thank you very much.

19 Our next presentation is from Gwen Johansson

20 who has spoken to us before in Hudson's Hope, but

21 in a different capacity, so I imagine we will be

22 hearing something quite different now.

23 Thank you.

24

25 Presentation by Gwen Johansson:

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1 MS. GWEN JOHANSSON: Thank you, Mr. Chairman.

2 I appreciate the opportunity to make this

3 presentation on my own behalf as an individual.

4 It's in two parts. The impact of Site C on

5 me personally, and then some thoughts that I have

6 sort of as a rate payer of BC Hydro.

7 And I don't know. Everybody else seems to

8 talk about -- introducing themselves with some

9 background or whatever, and I'm not sure if this is

10 necessary. Do you want me to do this or not?

11 Well, I can tell you that I was a registered

12 intervener in the first Site C hearing, which will

13 kind of indicate how long I've been around.

14 You have to get interested in energy if

15 you're going to live in this area, I think. So in

16 the '80s, I was a member of the BC Energy Council.

17 In the late '90s, I was on the Board of BC Hydro.

18 In 2005, I was on the BC Hydro Integrated

19 Electricity Planning Committee. That was on the

20 electricity side. On the oil and gas side, I

21 chaired for I guess all of the 2000s up to 2000 --

22 well, I guess 2011, -a non-profit group of

23 landowners having to deal with the encroachment of

24 oil and gas companies on to their private property.

25 And in that capacity, I co-chaired the

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1 Northeast Energy and Mines Advisory Committee,

2 along with a representative from the Canadian

3 Association of Petroleum Producers.

4 So that's the background in terms of energy

5 interests.

6 So there's not a lot of time, so I'll just

7 get on with it. I do live in the Peace River in

8 the proposed Site C impoundment area, about

9 8-and-a-half kilometres from the --

10 Slow down? Sorry. Okay.

11 About 8-and-a-half kilometres from the

12 Hudson's Hope village, and you would have driven

13 past it on your way from Fort St. John to Hudson's

14 Hope for that December 13th hearing.

15 The aerial photo that is on the screen shows

16 the northeast end of my property. It's on the

17 banks of the Peace. The place on the left you can

18 see there are two adjoining properties there. The

19 place on the left is the one that I have fee-simple

20 title to. And the buildings of course are right on

21 the river, and that's because the most attractive

22 place to live, of course, is on a river.

23 Living near moving water, I guess, is a very

24 precious thing, because there's not one day that is

25 so bad that it can't be improved by going down to

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1 listen to the lapping of the waves against the

2 shore or to hear the call of a loon. It tends to

3 melt the tensions of the day.

4 So just looking on the opposite side of the

5 river from the buildings, there is a steep bluff,

6 which I'll refer to later.

7 The island in the middle of the river is not

8 one of the islands that the heavily forested.

9 However, it is especially important to the bird

10 life, especially the migratory birds in the spring

11 and the fall. The sandhill cranes and the ducks

12 and the geese and so on. They come -- the ducks

13 and the geese tend to come a lot in the spring, And

14 the sandhill cranes don't come every year, but they

15 come sometimes, and it's usually in the fall.

16 On the opposite side of the highway is the

17 area that's currently used for crops and used to

18 crop the entire cleared area, but that sort of

19 oddly-shaped area now is under pasture.

20 The wood lot provides wood for which I'm

21 particularly grateful this winter, because I have

22 used a lot of it.

23 The crop rotation on the part that is cropped

24 is usually grain and hay, and this is the grain

25 crop being combined a couple of years ago, and it's

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1 being straight-combined, and that's fairly unusual

2 actually in the northern areas, because often you

3 have to cut it and swath it. You have to leave it

4 in the swath in order to ripen. And so that's one

5 of the testimonies, I guess, to the Peace River

6 Valley, that you are able to straight-combine in

7 many years rather than have to swath it.

8 It's another test for capability of climate

9 and soil is the heat-loving crops such as the field

10 tomatoes and the corn, and both are grown by me and

11 by my neighbours. And my freezer is presently full

12 of the tomatoes that I grew myself as well as a

13 number of other things.

14 And there's one photograph here. Now this

15 was -- I became interested in companion planting a

16 few years ago, and literature suggested that corn

17 and squash should be good companions and maybe a

18 different kind of squash, because these are

19 spaghetti squash, and they were so enthusiastic

20 about the whole affair that they climbed up the

21 corn stocks and threw themselves over the cobs and

22 broke some of the stocks down, and I had to go and

23 mount a rescue operation, and so we did get -- I

24 still got 126 spaghetti squashes, and I don't know

25 how much corn, but plenty.

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1 And I think it's really important to note

2 that BC generally has valleys that run north-south.

3 The east-west orientation of the Peace River Valley

4 is unusual, and as I understand the reasoning

5 behind the microclimate, is in good part due to the

6 orientation of the valley being east-west, and

7 that's what allows the warmer air to flow through

8 the passes and come into the Peace River area and

9 extend the number of frost-free days and make the

10 entire valley, not just part of it, capable of

11 vegetable production.

12 So I understand that the Proponent has

13 concluded that the impact of Site C on agriculture

14 would not be a significant loss, and I believe that

15 to be incorrect.

16 In an age of food security, and we just heard

17 a very good presentation about food security, it's

18 taken on so much importance. Protection of any

19 high-class farmland should be of the highest

20 importance, and even more so when it's this far

21 north. And it was interesting to listen to

22 Mr. Lekstrom this morning, or earlier today, when

23 he spoke about the virtues of energy

24 self-sufficiency, but we don't very often hear

25 about food security and self-sufficiency. And I

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1 don't know whether it was mentioned, I didn't catch

2 it if it was in the previous presentation, I think

3 I read somewhere not very long ago that we're about

4 48 percent self-sufficient in food in BC in the

5 food stuffs that we -- that are viable to produce

6 commercially in the province.

7 So the takeaway from this section from my

8 point of view is that the productivity of the Peace

9 Valley, all of it, from east to west, is of great

10 significance. It shouldn't be just passed over and

11 brushed aside.

12 You've heard already about the value of the

13 Peace Valley for habitat. This is a young moose

14 that is just following along the river, and you've

15 seen a magnificent number of pictures by Don

16 Hoffmann showing the number of different species

17 that are in the valley, and so I'm not going to go

18 on to that. But I would point out that all of the

19 number of those creatures live in the 151 acres

20 that I have title to, and I value that a lot.

21 I have the assorted wild foul, as I've

22 mentioned before, and there's beaver and grouse and

23 moose and all the deer and bear and coyotes and all

24 those things, and one old horse that's remnant of a

25 younger and much faster herd that used to roam the

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1 property, but one of the values of that property to

2 me is knowing that such a diverse assortment of

3 creatures is able to live there.

4 And if they don't live there in complete

5 harmony, because the coyotes do sometimes eat the

6 deer, at least they live in balance, and I value

7 that a lot. And I like knowing that if given

8 enough room, the wild species are able to work

9 things out.

10 So the property is not extensively developed,

11 purposely so. I don't have it for intensive

12 development.

13 But as best as I am able, the productivity

14 potential is being retained for the future when

15 intensive development may be wanted for some future

16 generations. And so my objective in managing it is

17 to do no harm.

18 And the last value or the last slide

19 indicates the impact that Site C would have. And

20 as you can see, it would interfere a lot with the

21 objective of doing no harm.

22 So if you can envision -- I don't know. On

23 the far right-hand side there are two kind of light

24 grey areas. The one on the far right is where the

25 river, the present river, is. Then from the

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1 present river, you can kind of see the bush

2 underneath; that would be the part that would be

3 inundated by the reservoir, the initial reservoir,

4 and so it goes up to Highway 29 for the most part.

5 Hydro then -- so BC Hydro indicates, at least

6 as I understand it, that they would be buying or

7 expropriating the land that would be inundated.

8 And then you'll see that there are impact lines

9 going across to a yellow line that's the furthest

10 one up on the left.

11 That is the wave-impact line resulting I am

12 told from the existence of that bank that I told

13 you about earlier in the original, the first slide.

14 It's on the opposite side of the river, but if that

15 apparently sloughed or slid, then it could generate

16 a wave that would cross the field.

17 So the land between the flooded area and the

18 highest impact line would have a statutory

19 right-of-way placed on it, and that's what's shown

20 by the red arrow, and the tip of the red arrow went

21 a little bit too far, but I'm not very -- I don't

22 know how to prevent that, sorry.

23 I have asked a couple of times for the

24 statutory right-of-way document that would spell

25 out the restrictive covenants which would be placed

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1 on the land title. I haven't been successful in

2 getting one. I've had a couple messages from

3 Judith Reynier indicating that there's a reason

4 that those aren't being released. I don't know

5 what it is; I'll be speaking with her later.

6 However, I believe that the content of that

7 document is very important in understanding what

8 the implications of the -- on the landowner and the

9 land would be, because I think that in the past,

10 there are statutory rights-of-way placed on all

11 of -- several properties up on Williston Reservoir,

12 at least one I think on Dinosaur Reservoir, and I

13 have copies of those, because you can get them if

14 you go online to BC Online or whatever it's called.

15 And they are all similar, and they all have

16 very -- the restrictive clauses are all basically

17 the same, so as I would understand it, they would

18 be the same as what would be placed on this end of

19 other properties, and there would be many

20 properties along the valley that would have that

21 kind of restriction placed upon it.

22 And so I've given you those. It's also been

23 entered in as the document into the EIS, so you

24 have it. I don't know. Do you want me to read the

25 clauses into the -- okay.

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1 So that document is on the Site C reservoir.

2 It is on a property that is adjacent to mine.

3 So I -- as I said, I don't think that the

4 implications of that statutory right-of-way have

5 been fully appreciated. On December the 12th,

6 there was a suggestion that there would be an

7 ability for ongoing land use, for example, growing

8 hay inside the stability line, but the right-of-way

9 is placed there in perpetuity, and a landowner of

10 the future has to have the flexibility to change

11 the use, making it viable investment choices to

12 adapt his land use, whether it's agriculture or

13 maybe in the future something else -- I don't

14 know -- to the reality of the day. And so that

15 restriction that is on there would have

16 implications for however long as that dam is in

17 operation.

18 And just as a matter of interest, the land is

19 still sloughing into Williston Reservoir, so the

20 shoreline has not yet stabilized, and that's over

21 40 years. So I don't know that we can look for an

22 early stabilization of the shoreline around Site C

23 either.

24 So and very few people I think would

25 contemplate buying or developing property with a

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1 statutory right-of-way on it.

2 So the final impact on the property, while

3 we're on this slide, is in the far left, and that

4 is the road relocation would take another strip off

5 the western boundary. So the little bit that is --

6 would be left, I guess, would be the part that

7 would be between that yellow line and the new

8 highway road allowance.

9 So there's severe restrictions on this

10 particular piece of property, and I heard this

11 morning, Madam Beaudet, that some people might be

12 happy with a relocation in Hawaii, but I have to

13 say that I've been there and I have no reason to go

14 back, and so I'm very happy where I am.

15 All right.

16 And so I would find this -- this is a very

17 severe impact, and if Site C is built, and I don't

18 like it. I don't believe that Site C is necessary

19 in order for British Columbians to maintain their

20 way of life, and I believe that there are other

21 ways of getting the electricity if we need it.

22 So that's Part 1.

23 Part 2 I'm going to do very quickly because,

24 a lot of the things that I was going to talk about

25 were brought up by Mr. Lekstrom, and so I might get

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1 a little disjointed though, because I have to jump

2 around. I've got a lot of little comments in the

3 margins.

4 So I won't talk about the alternatives, other

5 than to say that BC Hydro is so restricted by

6 legislation and policy that they have very few

7 choices. And there isn't much to talk about if you

8 stay inside that policy box that you've been put

9 in, and so in a hearing that's supposed to focus on

10 one project, one can't talk about what really needs

11 discussion, in my view, and that's the BC energy

12 policy that we have.

13 If, you know, you are so constrained by that,

14 by your Terms of Reference, then insofar as

15 alternatives are concerned, I would still ask that

16 you look at some of those alternatives, and maybe

17 you can't make recommendations on them, but it

18 seems to me that you can make comments on them, and

19 if this is to be made public, then perhaps there

20 would be some discussion in the public forum that

21 would be of a better or maybe more informed use

22 than that 80 percent poll, perhaps.

23 And I hope that you would still do that, and

24 as a matter of fact, I would ask that perhaps you

25 consider -- you have the right -- I don't as an

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1 individual have the resources to go out and do a

2 comprehensive comparison, say, of natural gas

3 versus Site C.

4 You do have the right to call witnesses, I

5 believe. And to -- I don't know what your budget

6 is, but you have certainly more resources than an

7 individual has to go and get that information, and

8 I was very pleased to see that you have contacted

9 the BC Utilities Commission. It's sort of strange

10 to me that the BC Utilities Commission was created

11 in order to actually originally look at Site C the

12 first time around and has developed the expertise

13 and has the staff and has all of the resources

14 available to it to do an analysis of need,

15 alternatives, cost and so on. And we have brushed

16 that aside. And that seems a strange -- a strange

17 action to take when you have -- you have that body

18 that's sitting there that was supposed to be there

19 for that purpose.

20 So I'm not sure exactly -- I want to talk a

21 little bit about, you know, what the purpose of

22 Site C is, because you've heard from a number of

23 other people that it's been explained in various

24 different -- you know, whether it was to be built

25 for export, it's to be built to go to the tar sands

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1 or the Horn River Basin or whatever.

2 And I just wonder, you know, what the purpose

3 of it is, because it appears to not be the cheapest

4 way to fill the demand, and I would encourage you

5 to do an analysis of Site C versus natural gas,

6 say, over a period of time to see what the analysis

7 is, and as far as the fear that the price of gas is

8 going to go up beyond where we could afford to pay

9 for it, it is our gas, and if we have decided by

10 way of policy to go into -- I don't know -- whether

11 we have a GATT agreement or what the restriction

12 is, but I do believe there might be some

13 possibilities into a royalty agreement of some

14 sort, substitution. I think there are ways to get

15 around that. I would be interested if you would be

16 able to explore that.

17 And legislation also can be changed, and

18 we've already seen, as you mentioned, changes in

19 the Clean Energy Act, and that 3,000-gigawatt hour

20 cushion that was there also I believe has been

21 removed. So, you know, there are possibilities for

22 change.

23 And then another thing you always hear is

24 whether we're building Site C for the jobs it would

25 create, and it seems odd. Minister Coleman spoke

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1 at a conference last year, and he's repeatedly said

2 that in the media that the largest hurdle to

3 overcome in the Province's LNG plans is the

4 shortage of skilled labour, and Site C is proposed

5 to be built at the same time as the LNG activity is

6 being ramped up.

7 And certainly in this area, unemployment is

8 not a prime problem. If you don't have a job here

9 now, you have to wonder where your skills are and

10 what you need to do.

11 So I don't believe that one destroys a valley

12 anyway with as many values as this one has in order

13 to create jobs. It just doesn't compute.

14 And so do we choose Site C because of

15 greenhouse gas emissions? Site C is not

16 greenhouse-gas free, especially in the construction

17 phase, and I would wonder about where we are in

18 terms of the technological advances on greenhouse

19 gas capture and storage generally, but particularly

20 in the areas of taking the carbon out in the

21 natural-gas-fired plants and either just capturing

22 it and storing it or else capturing it and turning

23 it into usable products.

24 And I know that there is some research under

25 way on that. I don't know exactly where that is in

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1 terms of being commercially viable, but I would

2 hope that by the time even that a Site C were

3 built, that methods of capturing the carbon dioxide

4 would have proceeded to the point where it would be

5 able to be taken out of the natural gas plants.

6 The rates. So we've been proud of our low

7 rates in BC for many years, but if we set our rates

8 below the cost of new generation, which a number of

9 experts have contended for some time, we will end

10 up pressing this Crown corporation that we're so

11 proud of ever deeper into debt, and so you have to

12 wonder how many of these deferral accounts we want

13 and how long we want to kick that debt down the

14 road into the future.

15 And the Auditor General, the one that went

16 back to Australia, you know, made the comment very

17 plainly that, you know, the -- where we seem to be

18 pushing BC Hydro, and what -- and the amount of

19 money that we're taking out of it as a dividend, I

20 believe if you go on to Hansard and look at the

21 Public Accounts Committee that he had with the

22 Public Accounts Committee and BC Hydro, and he

23 indicated that the reason for having the deferral

24 accounts in his opinion was simply that it allowed

25 BC Hydro to appear to be profitable, and that

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1 allowed the dividend to be paid to the Province.

2 And so, I don't know, you're the economist.

3 I can supply the -- I can supply the URL or

4 whatever we call those, the address of that

5 document. And it was a very interesting meeting

6 from what I could tell from reading it.

7 And you have to wonder, you know, I mean,

8 BCUC used to frown on the cross subsidisation of

9 rates across customer classes, and if we're

10 building this Site C for industrial load, which is

11 what was suggested or has been suggested a lot by

12 sort of the parliamentarians, and if we're setting

13 the industrial rates fairly low, which is what has

14 been suggested in some of the testimony thus far,

15 well then who is going to pay for it? Because

16 somebody has to. Debts are always paid, right?

17 Either by the lender or the borrower.

18 And so I -- the only -- I mean, it will be

19 the rate payer because that's -- there's nobody

20 else, right?

21 So and the impact of price on demand and then

22 I'm pretty well finished. I may have missed it,

23 but I haven't seen an analysis of the impact of

24 rates on demand. And rates are going to be going

25 up for the next 10 years we understand from the

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1 minister, so that puts it to 2024, and that's at

2 the time that Site C would come online, and that's

3 the time that we will start paying for Site C, when

4 it comes online.

5 And so what would be the impact of that rate

6 increase compounded on the rate increase that we

7 have got going on in the previous 10 years? And

8 what does that do to the demand?

9 And I ask that question partly because in the

10 first Site C hearing, there was testimony about the

11 five nuclear plants. They called them the "WPPSS

12 plants" in Washington, and if I remember correctly,

13 and I could be wrong. They were mothballed. The

14 testimony indicated that they were mothballed

15 because the analysis determined that if they came

16 online, the rate that -- or the amount that the

17 rates would have to increase would cause the demand

18 to drop substantially, and then they wouldn't need

19 the electricity.

20 And so I just wonder if an analysis -- I've

21 asked it at about two or three meetings what the

22 analysis is. I may have -- I didn't get an answer

23 at the meetings, and I may have missed the

24 information along the way, but I would be

25 appreciative if the panel, you know, if you don't

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1 have that information, if you looked into it.

2 And so I think -- well, as to those polls,

3 that 80-percent poll, I just say if you're going to

4 take that one into account, then please take into

5 account that one from -- that just came out. It

6 was published in Business in Vancouver magazine

7 that indicated the approval of the Province in

8 dealing with a number of issues, and the BC Hydro,

9 managing BC Hydro, I think was 68 percent

10 disapproval. So I just want you to balance those

11 two polls, if you must use them.

12 All right.

13 So that concludes the remarks that I have,

14 and I thank you again for allowing me to do that.

15 THE CHAIRMAN: Thank you very much. You've

16 covered a lot of territory there.

17 We have asked Hydro a number of questions

18 relating to the last series of things that you

19 mentioned. As however for the deferral accounts

20 and the financial condition of Hydro as an entity,

21 this is probably -- its financial condition is more

22 of a political artifact than a commentary on their

23 management capability.

24 MS. GWEN JOHANSSON: I would -- yes.

25 THE CHAIRMAN: Thank you. Are there any

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1 questions that people would like to ask

2 Mrs. Johansson?

3 In that case, we will take a five-minute

4 break and return at 10 minutes to the hour.

5

6 (Brief break)

7

8 THE CHAIRMAN: Ladies and Gentlemen, can we

9 reconvene, please. Can I invite you to take your

10 seats, please.

11 Our next speaker is Mr. Randal Hadland.

12

13 Presentation by Mr. Hadland:

14 MR. RANDAL HADLAND: Thank you, Mr. Chairman,

15 panel members.

16 My name is Randal Hadland. This is my wife

17 Doreen.

18 We have known each other since we were 5,

19 6 years old. We were speed skaters together back

20 in the day.

21 We didn't get together I guess until -- the

22 way most things are measured in our family -- about

23 three years after I started fighting Site C. Our

24 grandchildren now are 12 years old and down to 1

25 year old.

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1 And during the Site C hearings, Doreen sat

2 with me throughout all of the sessions in Fort

3 St. John and helped me until 2 or 3 o'clock in the

4 morning every morning preparing for the next day.

5 And we've been doing it for 40 years now.

6 So the submission that has gone forward to

7 the panel is submission number 1985 in your

8 reference numbers.

9 We are just going to make some introductory

10 remarks, and if you have any questions after that,

11 we would be happy to answer them.

12 During the Site C hearings under the BC

13 Utilities Commission, a very good friend --

14 sorry -- Mr. Leo Rutledge pointed out that money is

15 an ephemeral object, and as such should not be used

16 as a means of evaluating lost opportunities,

17 long-term sustainability or human interest, let

18 alone provincial interest in an invaluable resource

19 like the Peace River Valley.

20 I highly recommend Mr. Rutledge's submissions

21 to that Site C panel to this one.

22 The social costs of resources that would be

23 lost if this dirty energy project were ever

24 approved are the values inherent in the land: Its

25 productive capacity, its future productive

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1 capacity, and the collateral damage to its values

2 that are over and above the potential monetizable

3 or quantifiable impacts, let alone the chump change

4 that Hydro is willing to recognize.

5 When at different times on the -- dams on the

6 Fraser River were contemplated. It was accepted

7 that the costs would be too high. The facts of the

8 matter, as expressed here, in a book called Salmon

9 Without Rivers: A History of the Pacific Salmon

10 Crisis, the economic cost of destroyed salmon runs

11 would make the power produced by the Moran dam too

12 expensive, are correct.

13 The same cost-benefit analysis is necessary

14 here in the Peace River Valley, because this is the

15 biggest NIMBY project proposed in over 30 years in

16 this province. One of the concepts that was

17 prevalent at the time of the '92 to '95

18 conservation potential review collaborative was the

19 idea of an ecological footprint, i.e. society uses

20 resources and those resources come with a price,

21 come with environmental degradation and the

22 physical, financial, aesthetic impacts wherever

23 they occur are the footprint.

24 In terms of electrical energy creation in BC,

25 if you look at a map of the province, you see that

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1 Vancouver, the Lower Mainland, and Victoria are the

2 toes, and that put it is rest of us under the heel.

3 NIMBYs come in different forms depending on

4 your perspective. In terms of financial loss that

5 we would suffer here so that so many people and so

6 much industry can say not in my backyard, put it up

7 in the Peace country where we've already trod all

8 over them, where our cumulative impact on the

9 environment might continue to go unnoticed.

10 There is more than 800,000 acres under water

11 storage in the Province of BC. That is an

12 accumulation that covers some of the best valley

13 bottom land in a mountainous province. This is

14 where the cumulative costs of Hydro's proposed

15 system expansion come into play. Site C would be

16 the straw that breaks the camel's back.

17 BC Hydro tries to address these issues by

18 discounting any costs that accrue to any projects,

19 any new project. Under the false impression that

20 today's interests are more important than

21 tomorrow's. Intergenerational equity is not

22 addressed in this manner.

23 Agricultural potential, aesthetic value,

24 forestry capability, wildlife and sustainability

25 are elements of our Peace River Valley that will be

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1 worth more in the future, not less. More than they

2 are now. Discounting the already minimal

3 recognition of costs that Hydro has asserted are

4 relevant for our beautiful valley is a crime. It

5 is stealing from our future.

6 If there is a valid reason to discount the

7 value of potential agricultural production, if you

8 first actually determine potential value, that

9 still doesn't discount the productive capability of

10 the land. Land appreciates in value to society,

11 and from the looks of things, at this point, it is

12 going to appreciate exponentially.

13 As an example of the potential value of

14 agricultural production, I checked with the BC

15 Blueberry Growers Association. I could have looked

16 at saskatoons, strawberries, raspberries, apples,

17 plums or grapes or melons, all of which are growing

18 in the valley now.

19 BC has about 11,000 hectares in blueberries,

20 producing 55 million kilograms of fruit, or 5,000

21 kilograms per hectare. Peace Valley farmers could

22 potentially grow an additional 25 million kilograms

23 at about $10 per kilogram, for a value to society,

24 the farmers and local agricultural input and

25 processing businesses of $250 million per year, a

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1 quarter of a billion dollars per year. Potential

2 value.

3 BC Hydro discounts interest and principal

4 payments and maintenance costs to the point where

5 they say we will have 40 million in annualised

6 costs including debt repayment for 70 years. How

7 could society look at it in that way? That's $2.8

8 billion to repay 8 billion, plus the interest, plus

9 maintenance.

10 When Doreen and I borrowed money to buy our

11 farm, I told the bankers that I would value their

12 money less as time goes by. They just laughed at

13 me and raised the interest rates to 24 percent. I

14 apologize for causing that problem.

15 We are the BC Hydro and power authority's

16 underwriters. I would be happy if we can just go

17 home.

18 Hydro has put a lack of definition from the

19 dam -- definition of benefits from the dam itself

20 and its production into the Environmental Impact

21 Statement. We all understand that if you throw 8

22 or 10 billion dollars of borrowed money into

23 anything, there will be people who benefit. That

24 isn't a benefit of this proposal any more than it's

25 a benefit of putting $8 or $10 billion of borrowed

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1 money into railroad building, forestry enhancement,

2 as has been suggested in this process, agricultural

3 production.

4 It is no more a benefit than it would be if

5 we spent all that money on conservation or

6 geothermal or tidal or solar or wind or any mix of

7 those.

8 This whole process is an exercise in

9 priorities. Hydro has no agricultural priorities,

10 no aesthetic priorities, no conservation

11 alternative energy priorities. Their only priority

12 is to build dams, justified or not.

13 In the early '90s, a decade after Hydro was

14 turned down, subsequent to the BC Utilities

15 Commission hearings, when Hydro was once again

16 trying to get Site C started, the BC Energy

17 Coalition managed to convince Hydro and the

18 government to participate in a collaborative effort

19 to determine the potential for conservation in the

20 province.

21 The conservation potential review

22 collaborative found 33,000 gigawatt hours of

23 potential savings in the existing system,

24 competitive with this dirty energy project

25 proposal. And we provided BC Hydro and the

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1 Province with advice stating that the potential

2 might be conservative.

3 If BC Hydro has an obligation to satisfy the

4 demand of its customers, then those customers have

5 an obligation to minimize their demand. Part of

6 our debate at the collaborative 20 years ago was

7 whether or not conservation should get an

8 environmental credit. Hydro is saying here that

9 conservation deserves that credit, but there is no

10 proof that one has been applied.

11 It really is time to learn from our mistakes.

12 The reason we were endowed with the BC Utilities

13 Commission was that the people of BC realized the

14 damage being done in their name and getting

15 exponentially worse by cabinet order, and that that

16 damage was making the province sick. Enough people

17 got mad, the politicians and their supporters

18 actually listened, and we learned something.

19 And now here come the Proponents of mega dams

20 again, thinking the furore has died down, thinking

21 they can just start up again like nothing has

22 happened.

23 You have had a taste of our winters here in

24 the Peace. It hasn't been bad yet this year, but

25 it gets worse. Imagine if you would how good it is

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1 to feel the heat of summer, to walk from the most

2 northerly cactus in Canada and maybe the world,

3 just a few paces through a patch of ferns into

4 old-growth forest that is our Stanley Park.

5 Peace River country is one of the biggest

6 clear cuts in Canada. Us farmers have stripped

7 huge chunks of land. Oil and gas have

8 criss-crossed everywhere. There is nothing left

9 that comes close to the valley bottom.

10 Evaluations have been done of the financial

11 value of Stanley Park, and a similar value is a

12 relevant exercise for the Peace River Valley.

13 Potential value. If residents of Vancouver

14 had concluded 50 years ago that discounting the

15 future value of Stanley Park meant it was okay to

16 develop it, what would they be missing now? And

17 Vancouver residents have had the opportunity to

18 develop a chunk here or a chunk there of Stanley

19 Park, but they have valued it at a higher rate than

20 real estate values, and Vancouver residents could

21 line the sea wall with windmills. They could set

22 aside the park area for a large solar collector

23 array. They could dig it up and use geothermal

24 energy for community and neighbourhood heating, but

25 they choose not to.

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1 It sounds like an altruistic and

2 forward-looking public policy until you realize

3 that it has been at least partly built on the backs

4 of those of us under the heel.

5 Given global warming and a lot of other

6 factors, 50 years from now, we will likely have the

7 population to justify our present desire to hold on

8 to this beautiful part of our lives.

9 There have been comments in these proceedings

10 about how determined and forward-looking WAC

11 Bennett was when he pursued the two-river policy.

12 Comments which cannot be backed up because we don't

13 know the extent of the damage that the heritage

14 dams cause to this province. No analysis.

15 I think it is more appropriate to say that

16 WAC Bennett's son, the Right Honourable Bill

17 Bennett, former Premier of this Province, was the

18 more astute and determined of the two men when he

19 had the foresight to turn down BC Hydro in their

20 application to build Site C. I would like to see

21 that Mr. Bennett recognized with a park or

22 viewpoint along the river.

23 Thank you.

24

25 Presentation by Ms. Doreen Hadland:

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1 MS. DOREEN HADLAND: Hi. My name is Doreen

2 Hadland.

3 I just want to make two little comments that

4 I've thought about that are quite significant to

5 me.

6 In the year -- I think it was about 1980,

7 1979, my husband started engaging the idea of

8 building our own windmill, and we argued, and we

9 discussed, and we had great many meetings with

10 BC Hydro, because we wanted to sell the power back

11 to BC Hydro, and they kept telling us that it was

12 impossible, we couldn't do it.

13 We finally did get a contract, and believe it

14 or not, to our understanding, we were the very

15 first people in BC to do that. I believe we

16 received our first cheque in around 1985. By the

17 way, I still have that cheque in the amount of

18 $4.65 or something like that. But what disturbs me

19 is, years to come, I would hear on the news "we've

20 never done this before." That really questions the

21 integrity in my mind of BC Hydro.

22 The other point that I wanted to make is that

23 during the Site C hearings, we saw an add in one of

24 the papers at home in a magazine for solar

25 calculator, and we had all -- a number of us have

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1 been struggling with batters in our calculators, so

2 we ordered one to the big price of $27. I went to

3 the hearings the next morning, and I remember

4 talking to the lawyer for the BC Utilities

5 Commission, Mr. Reg Gibbs (phonetic), and I was a

6 little embarrassed, but I said, you know, we

7 ordered this calculator out of a magazine. We

8 don't know if it will work. And he kind of smiles

9 and said, well, I hope it works for you.

10 Well, today I'm still using that same

11 calculator.

12 We have had our own business. We have been

13 farmers, and now we have a home renovation business

14 on top of our farm. I've never had an accountant.

15 I do all of my own work, all of my own income tax.

16 I still use that same solar calculator. Not one

17 cent to batteries or power.

18 Now, I was interested to hear Blair Lekstrom

19 say how this morning that increased technology puts

20 a higher demand on our power.

21 I also had my books on a computer for

22 two years, and it took way too much paper. I took

23 them off. And they are much easier managed for our

24 business. I'm not saying this is for everybody.

25 But these are two points that I realized over the

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1 last 37 years that I think are very important and

2 very significant.

3 Higher technology isn't for everybody. It

4 doesn't mean everyone is going to become engaged in

5 that kind of a lifestyle.

6 Thank you.

7 THE CHAIRMAN: Thank you both.

8 Mr. Hadland, you mentioned a report that

9 cited or found some 33,000 gigawatt hours of

10 conservation potential. I would be grateful if you

11 could give us a reference to that.

12 MR. RANDAL HADLAND: Certainly, Mr. Chairman.

13 I was a member of the BC Hydro Conservation

14 Potential Review Collaborative from '92 to '95. I

15 was a member of the BC Energy Coalition that

16 convinced the BC Hydro and the BC government to do

17 that, and we produced a report from -- that the

18 collaborative produced after we had hired

19 consultants to do the actual number crunching for

20 us, and that is the report. I can -- I could even

21 bring in a copy of it. I have it at home, but it

22 was -- it was BC Hydro's report, so I think it

23 would probably be appropriate if they were to

24 present it.

25 THE CHAIRMAN: Thank you.

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1 Are there questions that --

2 Jocelyne.

3 MS. BEAUDET: Thank you, Mr. Chair.

4 I have here the presentation that you sent

5 for the Registry on Wednesday, November 20th, and

6 there's no page numbers, but I'm sure you remember

7 the paragraph where you seem to be discussing lost

8 opportunities. It's not just a question of losing

9 what you already have, but losing what the valley

10 could become. And you refer, for instance, as

11 number of vectors that you could grow, like,

12 blueberries. The example here is blueberries. And

13 you evaluate that if the Peace Valley farmers could

14 potentially grow an additional 25 million kilograms

15 at $10 per kilogram, the value would be 250

16 million.

17 You must have given some thoughts about these

18 lost opportunities, and I was wondering if you have

19 any document, especially like for this one, would

20 you have a referral of documents that you could

21 provide us, please?

22 MR. RANDAL HADLAND: Oh, it was pretty much just

23 taken from a website from the BC Blueberry Growers

24 Association. I put a similar information to the

25 previous Site C panel. I talked about -- I'm not

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1 sure. I think I talked about strawberries that

2 time. It is just a straight-line calculation; the

3 number of acres times the amount of production that

4 was quoted on those websites. I think in the

5 previous hearings, I took documents from BC Crop

6 Insurance.

7 MS. BEAUDET: I was just wondering how you

8 did the calculation. So you would look here more

9 in terms of loss hectares or available hectares for

10 production of whatever you could produce here and

11 then you give a price and you have a total amount?

12 Is that how you did the calculation?

13 MR. RANDAL HADLAND: Yes, I will get that

14 information for you. I promise.

15 MS. BEAUDET: Thank you very much.

16 MR. RANDAL HADLAND: Thank you.

17

18 UNDERTAKING 44: Provide the panel with the details of

19 the calculation for the values of the loss of

20 opportunities, specifically for the example of

21 blueberry growing in the Peace River Valley.

22

23 THE CHAIRMAN: Are there any other questions

24 for the Hadlands? Could you give us your name

25 again.

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1 MR. KEVIN KNOBLAUCH: I'm sorry. Kevin Knoblauch

2 is my name.

3 THE CHAIRMAN: Thank you.

4 MR. KEVIN KNOBLAUCH: And I believe I've been given

5 the opportunity to do the --

6 THE CHAIRMAN: You're up at 7 o'clock.

7 MR. KEVIN KNOBLAUCH: Yeah, I just wanted to ask

8 Randy, because Randy's had a huge amount of

9 experience with all of these hearings. This is the

10 first time I've ever participated in anything like

11 this, so I apologize for my ignorance about how

12 things are run.

13 But I just wanted to ask Randy, because he

14 has so much experience with these hearings for

15 decades now, in his experience, what is available

16 in the report that BC Hydro has amalgamated on this

17 project -- what do they actually have in that

18 report detailing the loss of horticultural

19 potential in that valley?

20 THE CHAIRMAN: That might be a question best

21 put to Hydro. Why don't we let them answer that

22 one. They'll give you chapter and verse on what

23 they've written on that, because I know there is

24 some.

25 MR. RANDAL HADLAND: They also will be answering

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1 questions like that in about a week, I guess.

2 THE CHAIRMAN: Yes, indeed.

3 If there are no further questions for the

4 Hadlands.

5 Thank you very much.

6 MR. RANDAL HADLAND: Thank you.

7 THE CHAIRMAN: I would now call on Ray

8 Kelly -- Roy Kelly, excuse me.

9 MR. ROY KELLY: That's going to be a tough

10 act to follow.

11

12 Presentation by Roy Kelly:

13 MR. ROY KELLY: My name is Roy Kelly,

14 K-e-l-l-y.

15 And I guess you could call me a dam kid.

16 I've been directly affected by dams since 1959. I

17 first moved to Grand Rapids, Manitoba, with my mom

18 and dad when they built the Grand Rapids hydro

19 project there. And then in 1964, we moved to

20 Hudson's Hope, where my dad worked on the Bennett

21 Dam, I worked on the Bennett Dam, and then they

22 built Site 1.

23 So I've had quite a bit of experience being

24 around the dams. I've seen the pros. I've seen

25 the cons. And some places are good, some aren't,

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1 and I don't believe Site C is a good location for a

2 dam.

3 And as I mentioned, from Grand Rapids all the

4 way down to Site 1 and now Site C, and I am a

5 landowner that is directly affected by Site C.

6 I've worked in the oil and gas industry since

7 1972, and I'm currently employed by Spectra Energy,

8 and I know first-hand how natural gas is a very

9 important energy source. Spectra Energy transports

10 and processes natural gas for domestic use, and we

11 use this gas at all our facilities for compression

12 horse power and also for our electricity

13 generation.

14 Before we became Spectra Energy, it used to

15 be West Coast Transmission years ago in BC, and

16 then became West Coast Energy. And around 2000 it

17 divided into two companies, still the same company.

18 Spectra Energy is the transportation and the

19 process division, and Duke Power uses natural gas

20 for electricity generation.

21 There are many alternatives for power

22 generation such as windmills, which I have shares

23 in in Bear Mountain here. Geothermal, natural gas,

24 and they are very cost-effective, and I'm sure

25 you've heard that many times over.

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1 The government is proposing many new LNG

2 projects, and one of the questions on environment

3 is the carbon footprint. If we can build pipelines

4 to the projects, why we can't build a second

5 pipeline in the same ditch, you know, and bring

6 back the waste and have it disposed of.

7 It's no different than back in the 1980s, the

8 government proposed a program to get away from

9 diesel fuel and coal heating in rural areas, and

10 they introduced a program to bring natural gas to

11 as many rural areas as they could. So if they can

12 bring natural gas energy to our homes and to our

13 factories, why can't we return a line for disposal?

14 That would reduce our carbon footprint mega. All

15 the government has to do is introduce a program for

16 it and get it happening.

17 The BC government and BC Hydro seem to have

18 their own set of rules, as a lot of people have

19 said. And the rest of us have to obey the law.

20 One example not too long ago is our -- I'm not sure

21 if he's the Minister of Energy, but Mr. Bill

22 Bennett from the government saying Agricultural

23 Land Reserve laws don't apply to the government or

24 to Hydro. They just take whatever land they need

25 for Site C.

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1 And that needs to be challenged, and

2 hopefully you are the people to do that.

3 Huge instability of the Peace banks. And not

4 clearing the timber from the proposed reservoir; I

5 believe Hydro said they are only going to go down

6 five metres from the high water mark. Is it all

7 going to be cleared now? I sure hope so, because I

8 seen what happened at Williston Lake reservoir.

9 It was said they could have built every home

10 in Canada at least -- depends who you talk to -- 10

11 to 25 times over in 1968 time of population. You

12 have to imagine that that lake is 600 feet deep at

13 the dam, and is 1,100 miles of shoreline.

14 I went up that dam in -- or the lake in 1969

15 with Bill Kruger (phonetic) and a few friends as it

16 was flooding. It had been flooded for three weeks.

17 And the destruction we seen then with the flooding,

18 with the dead animals was just unfathomable. And

19 shame on the BC government at the time and BC Hydro

20 for allowing such destruction.

21 They had at Elizabeth Creek at the Bennett

22 Dam, they had three cranes set up there. They had

23 their own tug boats. They had their own dozer

24 boats, and they bailed wood 7 days a week, 24 hours

25 a day for 7 years. Not a lick of timber went to

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1 market. It was burned on shore. I seen it. My

2 dad worked there, so I know first-hand about that.

3 And that's our responsible government in

4 action.

5 Hydro already has a huge debt that they don't

6 seem to be able to manage, and as it was mentioned

7 before. For $8 billion, well, that's, as they

8 mentioned, that's not going to be what it is.

9 There's too many other costs. I'd like to defer my

10 mortgage for 30 or 40 years. I won't be around to

11 pay it. I guess my great grand kids that I have

12 now would have to.

13 This is not right. That's not responsible.

14 We shouldn't be passing this debt on. If we're

15 using the debt, we should -- or creating the debt,

16 we should be paying it.

17 As I learned earlier, Site C is mentioned as

18 the third dam in the series of many. I have a book

19 here from 1977, I've had it ever since, and it

20 shows more than one -- or more than Site C. It

21 shows a Site E. I've been told that that has been

22 cancelled. But then just as the reservoir for

23 Site C has been taken out of the Agricultural Land

24 Reserve, I'm sure the BC government could go and

25 propose Site E if they need it. And there's only

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1 42 miles of Peace River left if Site C is built.

2 And if Site E was built, that would leave us two

3 miles.

4 I think I was conserving on paper.

5 As I mentioned, I am a landowner directly

6 affected by Site C. And a few years back, my wife

7 and I had a meeting with people in Fort St. John.

8 And as they mentioned, they have an open door

9 policy. And every time we went to go in there, the

10 door was locked, and we had to make an appointment

11 to get in.

12 So when we went in there, one of the first

13 things we were told is that our land at Lynx Creek

14 is directly affected by not the flood zone, but the

15 surge zone. That's the high wave action. We were

16 told we could not build anything on the land, so

17 that got my dander up. And then we went through

18 all the preliminary aspects of Site C. And at the

19 end of the meeting I was told, well, we can't

20 really stop you from building on your property

21 until Site C is officially announced.

22 Well, I had that figured out. The title is

23 still in my name. And my land is not going to be

24 flooded, but it's about 2 feet low from the surge

25 zone. So I told the Hydro guys, I said not a

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1 problem. I got my own gravel truck. My own Cat.

2 I have a big hillside. I will just build my

3 property up to where I want it, and it will be

4 above. They just said we don't care anyway, you're

5 not getting access. Oh, really. What about my

6 neighbour just up the road? They just built a new

7 house, they're not affected by the flood zone, the

8 surge zone, nothing. Hydro said they are not

9 giving them access. Going to buy us out. So maybe

10 instead of spending, say, 100,000 bucks to build us

11 an access road, by the time it's all done, they

12 might have to spend 6-, 700,000 or more, and who

13 gives BC Hydro and the BC government the right to

14 take our taxpayers' money and throw it away like

15 that?

16 I wasn't too happy about that. It kinda

17 pissed me off. So you know what I did? I went and

18 built a house, and I'm going to move into it in

19 three months, because Site C hasn't been built yet.

20 I grew up in the little valley I'm in, and

21 there was at one time just about 2,000 people in

22 Lynx Creek. We had our own fire department, and it

23 was -- it was a very nice little community. And

24 then as Hydro started the Site C thing, they chased

25 everybody out, including my mom and dad, and then

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1 they chased a lot of people out of that valley they

2 didn't need to. They could have stayed there until

3 they were old or died. And I think their methods

4 suck.

5 So I'm going to stay there until I have to.

6 I've got a beautiful quiet valley. I just dug my

7 well, and it's a pristine well, with my cat. And I

8 want to retire there. And I don't see why I can't

9 get a road built. If I build my property up -- you

10 know, we don't have to go and just buy everybody

11 out. As a matter of fact, there was -- from the BC

12 Utilities Commission -- a quote from the BC

13 Utilities Commission, it says:

14

15 "Where possible, minimize the

16 land acquisition required for the

17 project."

18

19 We all need power, and it was mentioned by

20 the last gentleman, and I think Gwen even said some

21 of that. She's my neighbour out there. We need

22 the power in the most highly populated areas. I

23 propose we build a nuclear plant beside the

24 government legislature and maybe another one in the

25 Stanley Park. Apparently they are more pristine

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1 than our valley.

2 Well, we've heard many times not in my

3 backyard. Well, damn it, this is my pristine

4 backyard, and I don't want to see it disappear,

5 because people that don't have a clue what's going

6 on are up here trying to destroy our valley.

7 Thank you.

8 Oh, I got one more here. Before -- I don't

9 know if an awful lot of people know it, it's in

10 this book, and it's written by BC Hydro. And the

11 last gentleman stated that they didn't build dams

12 on the Fraser River because of salmon. I don't

13 know if the panel knows. In this book, BC Hydro

14 has proposed to divert the McGregor River water

15 into Williston Lake for more generation capacity.

16 The McGregor River is a tributary of the

17 Fraser River, which is a salmon spawning area.

18 It's right here in the book.

19 I would hate to see that. That would be --

20 we're playing with our salmon run now. Who gives

21 the government or BC Hydro the right to go start

22 doing that stuff?

23 Thank you.

24 THE CHAIRMAN: What year is that

25 publication?

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1 MR. KEVIN KNOBLAUCH: 1977. Do you want it? You

2 can have it if you give it back to me on a promise.

3 THE CHAIRMAN: I would accept it if it were

4 in electronic form.

5 MR. KEVIN KNOBLAUCH: Oh, boy, you won't get it

6 like that from me.

7 THE CHAIRMAN: We could --

8 MR. KEVIN KNOBLAUCH: You're lucky to get it in

9 book form.

10 THE CHAIRMAN: We might be able to scan it.

11 Thank you for your presentation.

12 Are there any questions that anyone wants to

13 raise?

14 In that case, we are adjourned until

15 7 o'clock. Thank you.

16

17 (Proceedings adjourned at 5:40 p.m.)

18 (Dinner break)

19 (Proceedings reconvened at 7:00 p.m.)

20

21 THE CHAIRMAN: Dear friends, it's 7 o'clock,

22 and the crowd has thinned somewhat. The pleasures

23 of dinner perhaps being greater than the pleasures

24 of listening to us.

25 I'd like to ask Kevin Knoblauch to come and

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1 present.

2

3 Presentation by Mr. Kevin Knoblauch:

4 MR. KEVIN KNOBLAUCH: Do you folks have a copy of

5 this write-up that I did? Do you have copy off

6 your website or off the internet? Can I give you a

7 copy now? Would you like one now?

8 THE CHAIRMAN: Okay. Mr. Knoblauch, thank

9 you.

10 MR. KEVIN KNOBLAUCH: I think you can actually hear

11 that okay.

12 Maybe my first statement is wrong. I don't

13 know. I'm -- kind of hoping it is wrong. But

14 anyway, I just thought that I've heard them talk

15 about the agricultural lands that will be lost in

16 the flooding of this valley, and I had assumed it

17 was about 1,000 acres. I've subsequently to that

18 been told that it could be as much as 4,500 acres

19 that is currently in some sort of agricultural

20 production.

21 I'm assuming that the majority of those lands

22 are composed of alluvial floodplain. Those

23 particular types of soils are only found along the

24 river valleys worldwide. Some areas do exist that

25 are sandy, that are as a result of other

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1 geographical occurrences, but the majority of the

2 horticultural lands worldwide are found in river

3 valleys.

4 Now, point 1 for me, the Peace River Valley

5 is the pre-eminent area in all of Northern BC

6 including the central BC areas, superseded in

7 importance for horticultural production only by the

8 Okanagan Valley.

9 It is widely known that frost-free days of

10 production in the Peace River Valley, in the BC

11 Peace, surpass the frost-free days in the central

12 portions of BC.

13 The elevation involved, the orientation -- I

14 think that was spoken to by other people -- the

15 east-west orientation, the location in relation to

16 the Rocky Mountains, all play a role to make this

17 possible.

18 The Rocky Mountains tend to form a weather

19 barrier to stop a lot of the harshest weather that

20 comes from the west, from the coast, and create --

21 actually, those mountains actually create a lifting

22 effect that results in a microclimate in the entire

23 Peace region that's been quite favourable to the

24 agricultural production we have in the whole area.

25 Now, only land that has been built as a

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1 result of thousands of years of alluvial floodplain

2 events can be irrigated continuously without

3 destroying the soil. Alluvial floodplains

4 worldwide have a porous sandy loam to coarse gravel

5 profile that allows for continuous irrigation.

6 Soils must be cleansed of salts through

7 rainfall and irrigation events or they become

8 salinated. Most food crops, and especially

9 horticultural crops will no longer grow if this

10 salination occurs. Thousands of acres of land has

11 been lost due to irrigation on soils that are not

12 capable of the percolation required to maintain

13 good soil health.

14 It is totally false to present the Site C

15 reservoir as a source of irrigation water for the

16 remaining adjacent farmlands. Those upland

17 farmlands that are a clay-based soil will be ruined

18 if they are irrigated.

19 The only land that can be irrigated in

20 perpetuity is the land built by the river itself,

21 as we've talked about. Salination to the point of

22 runoff -- or, pardon me -- salination to the point

23 of ruin can occur in most of the clay-based

24 surrounding soils in as little as 10 years. And

25 once the salts are there, it is impossible to

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1 remove them, and there are cases where thousands

2 and thousands of acres that were irrigated in the

3 early '20s, '30s, and '40s in the United States are

4 totally lost to agricultural production simply

5 because of that salination process.

6 We all know, and it's been talked about, the

7 Peace River Valley is the only valley in Northern

8 BC that represents the type of unique microclimate

9 required for continuous irrigated horticultural

10 field production.

11 Most of the other valleys and the one that

12 I've inhabited for the last 40 years and farmed on

13 for the last 40 years, most of the other valleys

14 that exist are either subject to harsh frosts that

15 come out of the mountains because of their

16 location, and I cite the Kiskatinaw River as one

17 example, or they have been destroyed and lost

18 already through mining of the soil resources and

19 the gravel resources for purposes other than

20 horticulture.

21 The land has been stripped of the best

22 topsoil and/or gravel and those resources for the

23 most part are lost, what little resource was left

24 there.

25 No other resource in the entire BC, province

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1 of BC, north of the Okanagan has this much

2 potential for horticultural field production.

3 Nowhere.

4 Elevation alone as a determinant of daytime

5 heat units is significant. There's a notable

6 increase in these daytime heat units as one goes

7 from Taylor, downstream to Clayhurst, and on down

8 into Alberta to Dunvegan and to Shaftsbury. The

9 best areas are by far in Alberta simply as a

10 function of shelter and elevation. What exists in

11 BC and at Clayhurst and upstream from Clayhurst to

12 the present Site C location is a very, very limited

13 resource for Northern BC, and that is all we have.

14 They are never going to make any more of that.

15 Okay.

16 The entire Peace River region was initially

17 settled as a result of pioneers from the prairies

18 seeking a more fertile growing region. The first

19 gardens in the Peace River country were right along

20 the Peace River, which was then the transportation

21 route, of course, because everybody paddled by

22 canoe upstream. They followed the fur trade and

23 traded with the Aboriginals. The first forts in

24 Fort St. John, Hudson's Hope, and Dunvegan were the

25 first horticultural sites in the entire region.

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1 The Hudson's Bay post at Dunvegan, as one

2 example, has been in continuous horticultural

3 production since the 1800s, and it's because of

4 that rich soil, the combination of the rich soil,

5 the unique sheltered microclimate, the river water

6 for irrigation, that we were -- actually had the

7 capacity to grow food for settlers and pioneers

8 coming into the country to settle it.

9 And I would argue that the floodplains along

10 the Peace River are second only in fertility to the

11 lower Fraser River Valley in BC.

12 Now, I think we kind of in our modern day

13 lose sight of the fact that all the river valleys

14 in the world represented the ability of man to

15 populate the planet and, indeed, a very strong case

16 is made for the fact that these river valleys were

17 actually responsible for the genesis of

18 civilization itself.

19 Horticulture stands at the apex of

20 agriculture, and it first occurred along all these

21 major floodplains, and actually made possible the

22 rise of city states and complex social structures

23 so that we could evolve into more than

24 hunter-gatherers, and thus could achieve a society

25 capable of complex technologies, arts and sciences

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1 and so on. This was made possible simply by virtue

2 of those floodplains being able to produce huge

3 quantities of food relative to their square footage

4 involved.

5 And this food could be produced over and over

6 and over again for decades and centuries, and it is

7 still being produced in all of our major river

8 valleys throughout the world, because they had the

9 combination of the right soil and the water and the

10 rich, rich fertility involved.

11 And this is still the case today. As an

12 example, the Imperial Valley of California is the

13 produce basket of North America, simply in terms of

14 its shear size and continuous production of fruits

15 and vegetables, and with all of us Canadians having

16 to depend on it at the supermarkets.

17 This valley, along with most other irrigable

18 areas of the United States has reached its full

19 potential, largely as a result of running out of

20 potable water for irrigation. The underground

21 aquifers, wells, and the Colorado River are tapped

22 out.

23 Farms have been abandoned by the dozens

24 simply because the wells they depended on for

25 irrigation are becoming too salinated because of

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1 the underground water influxing from the ocean as

2 the freshwater was depleted in those wells.

3 Point 7 I've got here, these are just some

4 simple examples of horticultural field production.

5 Our horticultural production per acre, and this

6 could be applicable to areas in BC as well as any

7 other area in the North American continent, per

8 acre ranges between $5,000 and $25,000.

9 Example: Boyne raspberry, which grows very

10 hardy here, and this is only one raspberry of

11 dozens and dozens of raspberry -- hardy raspberries

12 that can grow here. Boyne would be one of the

13 easiest ones to grow here. The yield is 8,000

14 pounds per acre. At $3 a pound, that's $24,000 per

15 acre.

16 The tribute strawberry, which is another of

17 -- one of many, many strawberries that are very

18 hardy in this country, yield about 15,000 pounds

19 per acre. At $2 a pound, that's $30,000 per acre.

20 Kennebec potatoes, and we have dozens of

21 potatoes, of course, that we can grow in this

22 country. The yield is 30 tonnes per acre. That's

23 60,000 pounds at 25 cents a pound. It works out to

24 $15,000.

25 Randy quoted some figures on blueberries,

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1 which I thought were a little bit high but are

2 quite possibly realistic. My own horticultural

3 production in the Pouce River Valley since 1975,

4 and I have the records to prove it, has averaged

5 about $9,000 per acre through thick and through

6 thin, through bad and good years.

7 And what is left for soils in the Pouce River

8 Valley, and this is what I have been farming on,

9 would be about half as fertile as what we have in

10 the Peace River Valley.

11 Most of my land was reclaimed from old gravel

12 pits. The best soil was hauled away, as I spoke

13 before, and sold by my predecessors, several of

14 whom were benefactors who realized too late what

15 they were destroying. I was the only value-added

16 grower-shipper in the Peace region from 1975 until

17 2003. We've had a rich legacy in the South Taylor

18 market gardening community of growing an abundance

19 of produce long before I started at it.

20 However, none of those people shipped

21 anything. We were the only grower-shipper. So the

22 figures I quote you in terms of $9,000 per acre,

23 that figure is largely based on wholesale prices,

24 not retail.

25 I'm now just a small little mom-and-pop

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1 market garden again, much the same as what's left

2 in Taylor.

3 If you take 1,000 acres that's going to be

4 flooded at Site C, times $9,000 per acre, that's $9

5 million a year on that thousand acres in

6 perpetuity. $9 million a year. It's not

7 inconceivable at all.

8 And, in fact, it's $9 million of produce that

9 can be grown in this country with significant less

10 inputs in some cases than what they can produce at

11 the Lower Mainland or in the Okanagan, simply

12 because we do not have the insect pests that they

13 have down there to contend with.

14 We've got a huge opportunity here for organic

15 production simply by virtue of the beautiful winter

16 climate that we all are enjoying right now. Most

17 of those horrid pests that they get down at the

18 coast, and I know because I had a few years

19 gardening in Victoria, that I enjoyed it immensely,

20 but I had a terrible time with earwigs the whole

21 time I was there, carrot rust fly is another

22 example. We simply do not have carrot rust flies

23 in this country. Potato beetles, we've got few

24 examples, very few potato beetles. And the list

25 goes on of insects, pests, that we do not have in

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1 this country.

2 Now, if we take the vastly superior

3 microclimate of the Peace River Valley, compared to

4 what my production is in the Pouce River Valley,

5 I've got a nice little microclimate where I'm at,

6 but the Peace River Valley puts me to shame. I

7 know because I've seen my competitors at numerous

8 times of the year and compared what they were

9 producing at Dunvegan and Taylor compared to what I

10 can produce.

11 If we take that superior microclimate and the

12 superior soils that exist in that Peace River

13 Valley, it's not a big stretch to double what I am

14 producing per acre and turn that into $18 million

15 instead of $9 million for that thousand acres.

16 $18,000 an acre is not a stretch at all.

17 And I really kind of am pretty discouraged in

18 a lot of ways, because after spending the last 40,

19 50 years, 40 years in the business, I really don't

20 see much sign of anything that we could call a

21 sustainable industry, and I think it's a shame for

22 BC that that hasn't happened.

23 And I don't blame the BC government entirely.

24 I don't blame BC Hydro entirely. But I think

25 little things that have been done wrong over

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1 the years probably out of ignorance about the

2 industry or lack of respect or whatever, lack of

3 agenda, little things that have happened along the

4 way have gone a long ways to discouraging what we

5 could have had in terms of a long-term sustainable

6 horticultural field crop industry in the north of

7 BC.

8 And I've listened for years about talk about

9 agricultural self-sufficiency and economic

10 sustainability, and everybody's talking about

11 100-mile diet and what kind of a carbon footprint

12 we're leaving and organic produce, and, you know, I

13 really don't see too much being done in substantive

14 terms by the government, and I'm not trying to

15 disparage BC Hydro.

16 I want to give BC Hydro a lot of credit for

17 doing lots of things right. They are a wonderful

18 corporation in lots of ways. I contracted to

19 BC Hydro for four years in the early '70s just

20 after the Bennett Dam was built. We did landscape

21 maintenance and construction at their town site and

22 the GM Shrum generating station. We turned the

23 whole town site into a park. Flowers at the GM

24 Shrum generating station.

25 And I remember part of our contract was to

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1 topdress the lawns at the town site, and I remember

2 going up to Tompkins Ranch, because we needed

3 manure and peat moss for our topdressing

4 operations, and went to the house to inquire about

5 getting manure from their ranch, and these were --

6 unknown to me, I was a young fellow then and pretty

7 naive. Unknown to me at the time, these were some

8 of the very folks that were being flooded out by

9 BC Hydro and expropriated. So they sat me down in

10 the entranceway there, and I waited and I waited.

11 And they all sat there and had supper, and then I

12 waited some more.

13 Finally the gentleman of the house come out

14 and said what were you here for again? And I said,

15 oh, I was just after a little bit of manure to use

16 on topdressing the lawns around BC Hydro's town

17 site. And he said, well, I'm not going to be too

18 hard on you, but you come to the wrong place

19 fellow. You better high tail her out of here

20 before you're another statistic.

21 He wasn't too thrilled with BC Hydro.

22 And it took me a long time to really

23 understand the depth of hurt and animosity that was

24 involved in those pioneering ranch people in that

25 part of the valley.

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1 And I can sympathize with them. There's

2 nothing in this for me in terms of

3 self-aggrandizement whatsoever.

4 The only reason I'm here is because I feel a

5 very strong duty to not only my -- the pioneering

6 people, my grand dad, Hughes, who came from England

7 and started one of the first little market gardens

8 outside of Dawson Creek here, and not only to the

9 pioneering people that have helped me get a start

10 in doing what I love doing, but I think we really

11 have a real strong duty to what we are leaving in

12 terms of a legacy for our children and our

13 grandchildren.

14 Do we want -- and I'm saying this to all the

15 folks in this room, the business people, do we want

16 to have a future in this Peace River region that is

17 rich with horticultural production and rich with a

18 legacy for our grandchildren to carry forth? Do we

19 want to have some food -- real food sustainability

20 -- in this part of the province or not? We really

21 have to start asking ourselves that question, and

22 that's what really drove me to bring this in to you

23 today.

24 And so I really do appreciate you giving me

25 this opportunity.

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1 We cannot only grow melons along the Peace

2 River; we have huge improvements in hardy hybrid

3 fruit trees that have been developed in Alberta,

4 , and Manitoba, and I know a little bit

5 about fruit trees because, as a teenager, I went

6 out and planted fruit trees in people's back yards

7 for quite a few years, the first fruit trees in

8 Dawson Creek. Every street you drive in this town

9 has got large trees that I planted as a teenager,

10 because I enjoyed knowing that what I was doing was

11 something that was going to be good for everybody.

12 It was a win/win. The fruit trees we planted back

13 then were pretty much a joke compared to what we

14 can do now.

15 I bemoan the fact that I don't have more time

16 to really build the orchard that we should have in

17 this country for people now, for our kids to enjoy.

18 It's just a matter of not having the time, energy,

19 labour, and I really feel because of that we have a

20 real strong legacy -- or a duty, pardon me, to

21 preserve a legacy for generations going forward to

22 accomplish this.

23 I just cannot envision this country without

24 the hardy fruit trees, apricots, apples,

25 raspberries, blueberries, all kinds of fruit trees

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1 in this country, as well as vegetable production

2 that we should have.

3 I believe that we have huge unrealized

4 potential orchards. The flats along Bear Flats and

5 along the Peace River Valley I drove back and forth

6 when I was contracting for Hydro back in the '70s,

7 and I thought to myself, gosh, if I could get my

8 hands on a chunk of that land, because it's so

9 perfectly situated, the orientation of the land,

10 the slope of the land, the potential there for

11 orchards.

12 I believe that we have potential for an ice

13 wine industry in this country. I believe that we

14 have the potential, given global warming, to be

15 every bit as productive as the Okanagan.

16 Not only that, but I know we have potential

17 to actually grow better vegetables than they can

18 ship us from California. For 25 years, twice

19 weekly, over an eight-month market window, I

20 shipped to Canada Safeway in Dawson Creek, Fort

21 St. John, and to a limited degree in Grand Prairie.

22 At the same time, as I was shipping to Canada

23 Safeway, I was also shipped to McDonalds wholesale,

24 Kelly Douglas, Sunspun, Scott National, Dawson

25 Co-op, IGA.

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1 And the reason Safeway, and I'd like to

2 mention the name, a fellow by the name of Pat Molar

3 (phonetic), some of the gentleman that have been in

4 the business in the town all their lives know him.

5 Pat Molar took my parsnips home one night and

6 decided to give them a try, and he said, we want

7 your parsnips, Kevin. And I said, oh, what do you

8 want my parsnips for? And he said because they

9 taste better. And I says they are not quite as

10 nice looking as the ones you ship in from

11 California, Pat. He says, I don't care. He said,

12 I want them.

13 So we developed bar coded bags for our

14 carrots. We had 3-, 2-, 3-, and 5-pounders, and we

15 shipped in bails of 16s, 24s, and 10s. And our

16 customers, our retail customers at the farmer's

17 markets got to know our carrots, and they still

18 line up for them. They would get to know that once

19 we were done in the summer at the farmer's market,

20 they could go to Canada Safeway and they could go

21 to Co-op and get our local carrots. And they did

22 for over 25 years.

23 THE CHAIRMAN: Mr. Knoblauch, you're 28

24 minutes into a 20-minute presentation at the

25 moment?

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1 MR. KNOBLAUCH: Am I?

2 THE CHAIRMAN: Can I ask you to draw to a

3 close? Thank you.

4 MR. KNOBLAUCH: I believe we have the

5 potential in the Peace River Valley to grow

6 vegetables and ship them south simply as a function

7 of global warming. Okay. I also believe that we

8 are so very, very dependent on imported produce

9 that it is scary. If anything were to happen to

10 that supply chain, we are very, very vulnerable in

11 this country, and I've got a whole paragraph on

12 that, but I'll leave that aside, because I think

13 everybody probably gets that point pretty easily.

14 Okay.

15 I'm going to read this one particular

16 paragraph. Most importantly, we have a duty to our

17 descendants. What are we leaving them? Do we want

18 our grandchildren and their communities to have a

19 vastly diminished ability to feed themselves and a

20 dearth of fresh local produce of significant value?

21 Or do we want them to be enriched and sustained by

22 the best produce on the planet, namely local

23 produce?

24 And as the population of the north expands,

25 so too will the need for the best vitamins on the

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1 planet, which namely are the ones that haven't been

2 shipped from 3,000 miles away.

3 This can only happen because of production on

4 the flood planes of our northern valleys. This

5 produce can only be grown properly under irrigated

6 conditions. I know because I'm one of the very few

7 who have used irrigation successfully every year

8 since 1975. Without irrigation, much of our

9 production would never have occurred, and without

10 the precious land base along the river, we would

11 never have had that ability to irrigate.

12 I can think of no year when irrigation was

13 not an essential input at some point in the growing

14 season in order to make that crop successful.

15 I've already said that.

16 I'm told the dam that they want to build is

17 good for about 150 years. I think that the land

18 that they are going to flood will last for the next

19 10,000 years if we look after it right, so I

20 question the economics of the whole project based

21 on the potential lost, and I don't -- I think that

22 if they are going to be sincere in their proposal

23 to build this dam, then they have to factor in that

24 lost potential into the economic equation.

25 I believe that they should be investigating

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1 geothermal power, and I believe that in the

2 interim, in the short term, while they give this

3 some serious consideration, they should be putting

4 in place natural gas generation, which can be

5 ramped up or down as needs are required. Give it

6 some more thought, folks. That's what I really

7 genuinely believe. Give it some more thought.

8 And don't diminish the agricultural potential

9 of the valley, which I feel that BC Hydro has

10 deliberately done. The people in South Taylor have

11 been bought up simply to shut the industry up as

12 far as I'm concerned. Sure, they are going to get

13 flooded out if the spillway opens wide up; there's

14 potential for them to be flooded out. There's no

15 certainty there. There's people that farm at the

16 whim of BC Hydro on a yearly basis and haven't got

17 a clue about what next year will bring, and I feel

18 it's wrong for the industry and wrong for the area

19 and disingenuous of BC Hydro in the very least. I

20 think they have a duty to address our future

21 horticultural needs for the entire north of the

22 Province of BC.

23 THE CHAIRMAN: Thank you, Mr. Knoblauch.

24 MR. KEVIN KNOBLAUCH: I think that's probably about

25 it.

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1 THE CHAIRMAN: Thank you very much.

2 Jocelyne, you had a question.

3 MS. BEAUDET: Thank you, Mr. Chair.

4 I think your presentation has summarized what

5 we have heard already about the value of the land

6 in the valley in terms of quality of soil, but

7 mainly in terms of microclimate orientation of the

8 river, lack of insects, and I was wondering to what

9 extent you have done the promotion of your valley

10 to the government? To what extent does the

11 government realize what possibly is a gem that you

12 have here?

13 MR. KEVIN KNOBLAUCH: I guess I haven't really been

14 involved in the Peace Valley Environmental

15 Association much. I've more or less pretty much

16 stuck to myself. And as I said earlier, I've never

17 been to one of these meetings before concerning any

18 of the dam building on the Peace River, and I guess

19 it's taken me this long to get around to realizing

20 what I think one of the gentlemen earlier today

21 said in terms of the development of the valley

22 really being put in limbo for the last 40 years

23 because of the fear, the ongoing threat of the

24 valley being flooded by BC Hydro at some point in

25 the future.

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1 Agricultural operations, and especially

2 horticultural ones, take generations to build

3 properly. They don't happen overnight. It takes

4 generations and a lifetime's commitment to build,

5 and sons' lifetimes and grandsons' lifetimes. You

6 know, you can't -- and you can't do that without

7 certainty. All of the business community wants

8 certainty, but nobody needs it more than the

9 farmers that are producing our food. Nobody

10 deserves it more than our farmers.

11 And I guess it's just taken me this long to

12 really realize when I look at what has been ripped

13 up in the Pouce River Valley, which I farm in and

14 lost, and now what is happening in the Peace River

15 Valley. It's not only the fact that they are going

16 to do this Site C, which it will probably go ahead

17 and be done, unfortunately, but it is the

18 uncertainty, and it's the downstream uncertainty

19 that this damming will generate as well.

20 And so I really feel that we are -- I feel

21 very profoundly that we are going to lose the

22 legacy that our grandchildren deserve in that rich

23 horticultural scenario that I could see unfolding

24 if we were truly encouraged in the industry instead

25 of perpetually beaten down, diminished, degraded

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1 and dismissed and discounted in every way, shape,

2 and form.

3 BC Hydro's agenda is to build reservoirs for

4 water. I think they should rename BC Hydro. They

5 should rename it and call it BC Alternate Energy,

6 because that's where they should be going. Where

7 is one single hole in this province to exploit the

8 huge geothermal potential that we have all along

9 the Rocky Mountains? We've got Liard Hot Springs,

10 et cetera.

11 MS. BEAUDET: Thank you.

12 MR. KEVIN KNOBLAUCH: So I hope I'm not wandering

13 too far off, but I really am trying to impress upon

14 people the fact that the whole Peace River Valley

15 has been in a state of animation, suspended

16 animation, for the last 40 years because of the

17 culture of building dams on it.

18 Were that not the case, I believe that

19 horticulture would be in much more advanced, and we

20 would have a lot of the fruit crops that I've been

21 talking about. We would have those in abundance

22 for our kids right now.

23 THE CHAIRMAN: Mr. Knoblauch, thank you very

24 much. I think we're going to have to move on to

25 the next speaker. Thank you for the points that

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1 you have made.

2 MR. KEVIN KNOBLAUCH: Yes.

3 THE CHAIRMAN: Mr. Paul Gevatkoff.

4

5 Presentation by Mr. Paul Gevatkoff:

6 MR. PAUL GEVATKOFF: Okay. I'm here on behalf of

7 the South Peace Oilman's Association.

8 The South Peace Oilmen's Association has a

9 membership of 70 people, mainly involved in the oil

10 and gas industry and associated services.

11 South Peace Oilmen's Association membership

12 strongly supports the construction of the Site C

13 hydro-electric dam. Our members recognize the

14 importance of having an ample, dependable and

15 consistent source of power for industrial

16 development.

17 We appreciate the vision of the WAC Bennett

18 government of the '50s and '60s to use the Peace

19 River as a source of hydro-electric power to fuel

20 northern expansion.

21 This vision must continue to support the

22 development of the north. We see the benefits and

23 success of the Columbia river dams for southern BC

24 and feel this vision must be continued in the

25 north.

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1 We have seen recent local example of a

2 shortage of power for industry and the resulting

3 negative impact on economic development.

4 Specifically we have a nitrogen producer here in

5 town that there was not enough power from BC Hydro

6 to operate. They had to install a generator and

7 the associated pipeline (sic) to generate power for

8 their operation which has significant impact in

9 itself.

10 According to recent census, northeast BC has

11 a population of less than 70,000 people, so there

12 is opportunity and the need for industrial

13 expansion and community development, community

14 growth. This growth provides opportunities for our

15 residents and, in particular, our youth. We have

16 gone through a period of time here in the '80s and

17 '90s where our children were not able to find work

18 here, so they've moved to Ontario, to Alberta, to

19 southern BC. They've moved away, so consequently

20 our grandchildren are not here either.

21 Now, we are fortunate enough in our family to

22 have our children here and our grandchildren, which

23 means a lot. So to us, this is an important

24 factor. The industrial growth that we're

25 experiencing here is important to our members.

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1 We recognize there's an impact with the

2 construction of a dam. The same as there is with

3 all industrial development. However, we feel that

4 this small sacrifice is warranted, and that other

5 benefits accrue to offset losses.

6 Other generation methods have impacts as well

7 and shortfalls with consistency, dependability and

8 acceptability to society. Nuclear energy, for

9 example, may be less impact, however, societal

10 acceptance is questionable at this time.

11 And we have had a recent experience with a

12 nuclear proposal in around Peace River, Alberta,

13 that had all kinds of protesters, and it seems to

14 be dropped by the wayside.

15 Dawson Creek relied on diesel generators

16 until the Bennett Dam was constructed in the late

17 '60s. Many northern communities still use these

18 less desirable generation methods.

19 There must be an understanding for personal

20 losses with ample compensation so people that are

21 directly impacted, there has to be a recognition,

22 and there has to be fair compensation.

23 Mitigation of impacts must be addressed.

24 Public accessibility must be provided to the

25 resulting reservoir, which we do not have right now

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1 with the Peace River. There's no public access to

2 the river between Hudson's Hope and Fort St. John.

3 There's no Crown right-of-ways or any way for the

4 public to get down to the river.

5 Mitigation of impacts must be addressed.

6 Public accessibility must be provided. We must

7 learn from our experience with successes and

8 failures of previous hydro-electric dams and ensure

9 we do not repeat the mistakes, and we've got a lot

10 of experience in BC to draw on.

11 There must also be recognition of the

12 benefits realized by storing water in addition to

13 power generation. For example, flood protection,

14 new fishery opportunities, new recreational

15 opportunities, new industrial opportunities, and

16 potential benefits of water storage considering

17 increasing future drought occurrences are all

18 positive factors.

19 I thank you for this opportunity to present.

20 THE CHAIRMAN: Thank you, sir.

21 Colleagues, any questions for him?

22 Are there any questions for Mr. Gevatkoff?

23 Mrs. Hofmann.

24 MS. VERENA HOFMANN: So my name is Verena Hofmann.

25 I believe you have the spelling of my name; is that

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1 correct? Okay.

2 So I have two questions for the speaker. The

3 first one is with regard to the comments made

4 regarding the job opportunities existing in our

5 region.

6 What is the current unemployment rate here in

7 our region? Because I believe it's quite low. And

8 do you believe that if Site C were not built, would

9 it mean an entire collapse of our local economy and

10 that people would be out of jobs and oil -- and the

11 existing strong oil and gas industry that we have

12 would crumble?

13 That's -- I'll just state the first question,

14 and then if I could do the second question after.

15 THE CHAIRMAN: Mr. Gevatkoff.

16 MR. PAUL GEVATKOFF: I don't know what the

17 unemployment rate is here, but I do understand it's

18 low. I know there's a lot of equipment that is

19 sitting idle because they can't find operators.

20 To me, it's a bigger issue than current

21 unemployment. This is a development, an industrial

22 development of northeast BC. Like I said, we have

23 less than 70,000 people here. There's lots of

24 opportunity for development. There's lots of

25 opportunity for new industry, but we are not going

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1 to get industrial development without the proper

2 infrastructure, which includes electricity.

3 And, no, I don't think the oil and gas

4 industry will falter because Site C doesn't go in.

5 At least not up here. I don't know about other

6 areas.

7 The other thing that Site C will provide is

8 employment for a lot of other regions in Canada

9 that unemployment levels are high.

10 THE CHAIRMAN: Mrs. Hofmann.

11 MS. VERENA HOFMANN: Thank you. I appreciate you

12 noting that there's a lot of equipment sitting idle

13 because they can't find operators.

14 And I just hope I can -- well, I might be

15 overstepping, but I want to note that that is an

16 indirect impact of Site C, that Site C will require

17 so much demand on the current workforce that we

18 have here. The service businesses that that will

19 increase the issue that the speaker just raised.

20 My second question is is your membership and

21 the networks that you have, like the Canadian

22 Association of Petroleum Producers, do you believe

23 that you are innovative and intelligent enough to

24 create your own sources of energy like

25 natural-gas-fired generation if you had to? Or if

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1 you were given the support and opportunity to

2 through the government? And I raise this question

3 because I believe that you are. Because I know

4 that Shell currently has a plant. I think it's

5 near Dawson Creek, outside of Dawson Creek. I

6 might be wrong, and I apologize, in the Ground

7 Birch area, where right now they are exploring or

8 -- they are exploring in an area that currently

9 doesn't have hydro line infrastructure, so they've

10 had to create their own gas-fired energy in the

11 mean time until BC Hydro can build those

12 transmission lines.

13 MR. PAUL GEVATKOFF: I agree that is happening.

14 They are also using solar panels where they don't

15 have other options.

16 THE CHAIRMAN: It is indeed an innovative

17 industry. Thank you. That was more of an

18 editorial than a question, but thank you.

19 MS. VERENA HOFMANN: Thank you.

20 THE CHAIRMAN: Are there further questions

21 for Mr. Gevatkoff?

22 Thank you, sir.

23 Our next speaker is Wayne Dahlen.

24

25 Presentation by Wayne Dahlen:

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1 MR. WAYNE DAHLEN: Good evening, and welcome to

2 Dawson Creek.

3 My name is Wayne Dahlen. I'm a resident of

4 Dawson Creek. I've lived in Dawson Creek since

5 1944, and I've taken an active interest in my

6 community, both socially and politically. I'm a

7 former city Councillor, a former Mayor, a former

8 president of the Dawson Creek Rotary Club, former

9 president of the Dawson Creek Kinsmen Club, former

10 president of the Dawson Creek Canuck Hockey Club,

11 former president of the Dawson Creek and District

12 Hospital Foundation, a former director on the Board

13 of Governors for the University of Northern British

14 Columbia, and the former chair of the Property

15 Assessment Review panel for the South Peace Region.

16 I am presently a member of the Peace

17 Williston Advisory Committee. I am a former

18 restaurant owner, Executive Director and manager of

19 the Dawson Creek and District Chamber of Commerce,

20 and a former employee and Peace River District

21 manager for the BC Telephone Company until I

22 retired in 1992.

23 I list my community involvement and

24 autobiography to help frame my reason for appearing

25 before this hearing today.

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1 I know everyone in attendance today

2 appreciates how fortunate we are as British

3 Columbians to not only live in the most beautiful

4 province, but most of all to be able to live here

5 in the mighty Peace River region.

6 Not only do we have beauty and a quality of

7 life second to none, we have an economy that is the

8 envy of the rest of Canada. I believe we can

9 attribute our strong economy to the vast natural

10 resources we have been blessed with, and I believe

11 as well that we should applaud our forefathers,

12 previous governors, governments, visionaries and

13 industry that had the foresight and courage to

14 realize the value of this great natural gift. They

15 managed it and built the necessary infrastructure

16 to extract it and transport it, then shared the

17 wealth generated from it with all of the people of

18 our province.

19 As a matter of fact, we here in the North and

20 South Peace are recipients of resource revenue in

21 the form of a fair share agreement negotiated by

22 the Peace River Regional District and the Province,

23 and this agreement gave the City of Dawson Creek

24 close to $12 million for 2013, and this is just a

25 small sample of what the prosperity fund will

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1 generate.

2 As you can tell by the colour of my hair, I'm

3 a senior. And I depend, as we all do, on a

4 sustainable health care system and a sustainable

5 education system for our children and

6 grandchildren, as well as a strong and vibrant

7 economy. I don't know about you, but my wallet,

8 like so many others, will not sustain these

9 much-needed services and continue to contribute to

10 our economy at the same time.

11 I have two sons and daughter-in-laws who are

12 entrepreneurs. The one son is in the oil and gas

13 construction industry. The other son is in the

14 travel and restaurant business. Between the two of

15 them, they employ well over 100 people. If it were

16 not through our natural resources, they wouldn't be

17 in business and wouldn't be employing people. It's

18 that simple.

19 As you are no doubt aware, our Premier,

20 during last year's election campaign, made a major

21 announcement, that being the formation of a

22 prosperity fund similar to Alberta's famous

23 heritage fund. The whole intent of this fund is to

24 set aside a percentage of revenues from the sale of

25 liquid natural gas and other resources so that in

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1 the years to come, the Province will be able to

2 fund health care, education, and social programs

3 without having to dip further into people's

4 wallets.

5 Now, in order to extract these resources and

6 to distribute these resources, the Province and

7 industry need power, and that is why we are

8 gathered here today. Where does the province get

9 the required increase in power?

10 I'll just let you think about that for a

11 minute while I have a drink.

12 In my opening remarks, I gave you a brief

13 history of my community involvement in history in

14 the Peace River region. When my grandfather

15 arrived here in 1928 from Miles City, Montana, he

16 took out a homestead in the north Rolla area. My

17 father bought the farm from him in 1941 and moved

18 my mother and myself from Langham, Saskatchewan, to

19 the farm until 1944 when we moved into Dawson

20 Creek.

21 I point this out simply to highlight my

22 appreciation for agriculture and farmland. I know

23 and value the importance of it to our local

24 economy, the province, Canada and the world.

25 During my tenure with the BC Telephone

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1 Company, my job in the early to late '60s was

2 maintaining the telephone system during the

3 construction of the Bennett Dam. I was on ground

4 zero, so to speak. I watched the construction of

5 the diversion tunnels. I watched the construction

6 of the power house. I watched the construction of

7 the earth-filled dam, and I watched the conveyor

8 system that ran 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, as

9 it brought the fill and nearly moved an entire

10 mountain.

11 Those were exciting times. The economy was

12 robust. Thousands of men and women were working

13 and living in camps and nearby towns.

14 I have an appreciation for the mighty Peace

15 River. It is a jewel. My family spent many

16 summers camping at Alwin Holland Park fishing the

17 river, never caught much, but enjoyed the scenery

18 and the water.

19 Earlier this summer, I had the opportunity as

20 a member of the Peace Williston Advisory Committee

21 to take a river boat cruise from Cache Creek boat

22 launch up to the Peace Canyon Dam and back down to

23 the Taylor boat launch. This trip afforded myself

24 and members of the committee to see first-hand the

25 area that will be impacted by the flooding, the

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1 destruction of people's homesites and beautiful

2 fertile farmland.

3 The trip was indeed a valuable learning

4 experience for me, and I now have a deeper

5 appreciation for the reasons people are upset and

6 have come out against the proposed project.

7 As a former municipal politician and Mayor,

8 I'm very much aware of what transpires when one is

9 faced with the tough decisions. You learn from

10 experience the value of listening, having good,

11 reliable and factual information, and weighing the

12 pros and cons.

13 In the case of Site C, I have been a

14 supporter from day one. I have listened to both

15 sides, and I have made myself aware of the factual

16 information. I have weighed the pros and cons and

17 am of the opinion that this project will be good

18 not only for the Peace region, the province,

19 Canada, North America, but the whole world.

20 We need Site C for a reliable and renewable

21 source of power for BC's growing economy for

22 decades to come. That includes LNG, other

23 industries, businesses, and residences. It will be

24 clean power and generated from a renewable water

25 source. And as an added bonus, create a new

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1 recreation lake for boaters and outdoor

2 enthusiasts.

3 These four benefits alone have convinced me

4 that this project is right for the people of the

5 Peace region and the people of the Province of

6 British Columbia.

7 If our province is to build a prosperity fund

8 for future generations, then unfortunately the

9 sacrifice of a few will have to happen for the

10 greater good.

11 I make reference to the sacrifices of a few.

12 Now, some will argue that it is more than just a

13 few that will be affected, but when you look at the

14 big picture, and the people and industry and the

15 rest of the world who will benefit from the

16 building of this dam, it is a very small percentage

17 that will negatively be affected.

18 I am astutely aware of the argument that the

19 northeast is taken for granted and that our

20 resources are continually being sought after,

21 extracted and developed and we get nothing in

22 return. I know for a fact the Mayors of Fort

23 St. John, Dawson Creek, Taylor, Hudson's Hope,

24 Cheywynd, Tumbler Ridge and Pouce Coupe, our two

25 MLAs and our member of parliament continue to carry

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1 the message that the northeast has to be recognized

2 and that more provincial and federal funding is

3 absolutely essential if we are going to meet the

4 demands of industrial growth.

5 I am optimistic and see signs that our

6 message is slowly but surely getting through. And

7 as I mentioned earlier, we are ever mindful and

8 thankful that the Provincial Government has

9 recognized the impacts of natural resource

10 development by putting into place legislation that

11 gives us a fair share agreement. But more has to

12 be done if these mega projects continue to be seen

13 by government as critical revenue sources.

14 Recognition and compensation has to be front

15 and centre for the people whose lives will be

16 disrupted in the nearby municipalities and will be

17 directly affected by the increase in construction

18 activity, the wear and tear on their hard and soft

19 infrastructures, the influx of construction workers

20 and their families, and the increase in traffic,

21 crime, and other social problems that come with the

22 development of these mega projects.

23 Yes, every resident in the North and South

24 Peace will be affected. And as long as BC Hydro,

25 the provincial government, the federal government,

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1 and the construction companies are aware of these

2 for-certain disruptions and make every effort to

3 compensate cities like Fort St. John and Dawson

4 Creek, towns like Hudson's Hope, Taylor and

5 Chetwynd and First Nations who will have activity

6 on their Traditional Territories, I am confident

7 that common sense will prevail and industrial

8 development will and should continue with little or

9 no disruption.

10 Thank you for allowing me time to share my

11 views and opinions with you today.

12 Thank you.

13 THE CHAIRMAN: Thank you very much,

14 Mr. Dahlen.

15 Are there questions that anyone would like to

16 put to Mr. Dahlen?

17 Ms. Hofmann.

18 MS. VERENA HOFMANN: My name is Verena Hofmann.

19 My question for this speaker is with regard to your

20 mention of what is on the horizon for BC, you

21 mentioned such things as prosperity agreements and

22 the creation of a liquified natural gas industry in

23 BC, and when mentioning that, you had said so BC

24 wouldn't have to dip further into people's wallets.

25 So my question is in relation to that.

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1 The connections between -- the connections

2 have been well-established between why Site C is

3 needed because of increased industry demand due to

4 a growing fraccing industry in northeast BC and

5 ultimately BC government's plans to build and

6 operate LNG plants on the coast.

7 Doesn't -- and so my question is to the

8 speaker: Doesn't the assessment and study of the

9 Site C dam proposal, and if the dam was built as a

10 public access, dip deeply into the pockets of BC

11 tax and rate and BC Hydro ratepayers?

12 MR. FELDBERG: I don't usually jump up when

13 a member of the public asks a question, but the

14 premise, the very, very long premise at the

15 beginning of that question, contains so many facts

16 that are in dispute or not proved that it's rather

17 unfair I think to put the question to a witness in

18 that way.

19 THE CHAIRMAN: I think that might be true in

20 the case of a witness less experienced and

21 sophisticated than Mr. Dahlen, so I would let him

22 answer the question.

23 MR. WAYNE DAHLEN: First of all, I think when I

24 say "dipping into people's wallets," if we don't

25 have -- if we do not develop our natural resources,

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1 be it oil and gas, be it coal, be it farmland and

2 agriculture, those resources are a source of

3 revenue.

4 As a matter of fact, for the provincial

5 government I think in oil and gas last year or the

6 year before generated about $2.38 billion into the

7 provincial coffers.

8 Now, if we didn't have that, health care is

9 growing at a rate that's astronomical. How are you

10 going to pay for it? I can't afford to pay for it

11 anymore out of my wallet. I'm on fixed income, as

12 many, many people are these days, retirees,

13 seniors. So you need to use those resources.

14 If you manage them properly -- in this case,

15 the Peace River, if you manage that water properly,

16 you will be able to provide a lake, you will be

17 able to provide irrigation, and you will be able

18 to -- that, and as oil and gas expand, they need

19 power.

20 So and it's going to create jobs. It's going

21 to create wealth. It's going to create everything

22 that this province needs.

23 So I hope that answers your question.

24 THE CHAIRMAN: Thank you very much.

25 Are there further questions?

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1 In that case, thank you very much,

2 Mr. Dahlen.

3 MR. WAYNE DAHLEN: You're welcome.

4 THE CHAIRMAN: Oh, wait a minute. I see

5 Mr. Hadland behind you.

6 MR. WAYNE DAHLEN: That's my friend, Arthur

7 Hadland.

8 MR. ARTHUR HADLAND: How are you doing, Wayne?

9 MR. WAYNE DAHLEN: Very good, Arthur.

10 MR. ARTHUR HADLAND: Just a question here. The

11 provincial budget shows that the carbon tax had

12 generated more income than the revenues from

13 natural gas. I think the revenues from natural gas

14 is -- and this is just a correction. I don't know

15 if you've checked the budget or not, but it's about

16 $288 million on a 44-billion-dollar budget, so it

17 isn't there yet. It's got a long ways to go.

18 So anyhow I just wanted to correct that one.

19 Thank you.

20 MR. WAYNE DAHLEN: Okay. I agree.

21 THE CHAIRMAN: Thank you.

22 Thank you, Mr. Dahlen.

23 MR. WAYNE DAHLEN: Anybody else?

24 THE CHAIRMAN: We have one more speaker

25 registered for this evening, Blair Qualey or Qualey

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1 and Jim Inkster.

2

3 Presentation by Blair Qualey and Jim Inkster:

4 MR. BLAIR QUALEY: Good evening, and thank you

5 very much for the opportunity to speak to you

6 tonight here in beautiful wintery Dawson Creek.

7 My name is Blair Qualey. I'm the president

8 and CEO of the New Car Dealers Association of

9 British Columbia, and I'm pleased to be joined this

10 evening by our chairman of the association, Mr. Jim

11 Inkster.

12 Jim has been a resident business owner and

13 community contributor here for over 50 years and

14 will have some remarks after my preliminary

15 comments.

16 The New Car Dealers Association of BC

17 represents more than 360 new car dealers throughout

18 the province who annually generate about $10

19 billion in economic activity. They pump about $1.8

20 billion in net GDP directly into BC's economy and

21 support directly and indirectly more than 34,000

22 high-paying positions in the over 50 communities in

23 which they serve.

24 We're here tonight on behalf of BC's New Car

25 Dealers to express our support for BC Hydro's

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1 proposed Site C project.

2 Now, you may be wondering what interest a

3 bunch of car dealers would have in the Site C

4 project. Well, we support it for two primary

5 reasons: Firstly, Site C will ensure that we have

6 enough electricity to meet our increasingly

7 plugged-in society, which now includes electric

8 vehicles.

9 And, secondly, a project of this magnitude

10 will have significant spin-off effects that will

11 benefit our members in other industries.

12 As you are no doubt aware, the automobile

13 industry has made significant strides in the

14 development of clean energy vehicles such as

15 electric vehicles. Given that about 95 percent of

16 all car trips in urban areas of our province are

17 less than 30 kilometres, British Columbia's an

18 ideal market for electric vehicles, and we have the

19 potential to significantly reduce greenhouse gas

20 emissions from the transportation sector.

21 Beyond selling new vehicles today with highly

22 efficient, high mileage and lower emission engines,

23 BC's New Car Dealers have taken a leadership role

24 in other efforts to reduce the impact of vehicle

25 emissions.

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1 In 1996, BC's dealers joined with the BC

2 government, TransLink and others in the development

3 of the BC Scrap It Society, which had the single

4 purpose of reducing emissions from the older fleet

5 of vehicles on BC's roads. Scrap It offers

6 incentives to owners of pre-2001 model polluting

7 vehicles to have these vehicles, scrapped, shredded

8 and turned into other items, like toasters and

9 such.

10 Now, as of last month, this program has

11 scrapped over 36,000 vehicles. The average vehicle

12 scrapped polluting about 60 times more than a new

13 one.

14 The program's been funded through financial

15 support of the BC government, BC's New Car Dealers

16 and the scrap metal revenue.

17 Now, our members have long been advocates of

18 more efficient energy consumption. Most new car

19 dealerships you visit today will feature high

20 efficiency LED lights both in the dealership and on

21 the lot.

22 BC is also home to some of the most

23 sustainable dealerships in the world, with some of

24 them featuring everything from bee apiaries to

25 various vertical gardens and other gardens, wind

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1 turbines and geothermal heating, to name just a

2 few.

3 In December 2010, the New Car Dealers

4 Association was pleased to take on the

5 administration of the Clean Energy Vehicle Program

6 for the Province of British Columbia. The CEV for

7 BC point of sale incentive program provides up to

8 $5,000 off the pretax sticker price per eligible

9 clean energy vehicle and is intended to encourage

10 and accelerate clean energy vehicle deployment and

11 technology and innovation within British Columbia.

12 Clean energy vehicles included in this

13 program include light duty vehicles that use

14 natural gas, hydrogen or electricity as their

15 primary fuel source.

16 Now, this program benefits the citizens of

17 British Columbia by providing immediate emission

18 reductions and stimulating the development and use

19 of the next generation of clean energy vehicles.

20 Now, to date, some 850 qualifying vehicles

21 have been sold through the program.

22 Now, given that this is still an emerging

23 market, it is difficult to quantify exactly what

24 impact electric vehicles will have on BC's supply

25 of electricity. Demand will depend on a number of

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1 factors, for example, commercialization rates,

2 battery technologies, consumer acceptance and

3 vehicle charging infrastructure.

4 However, we anticipate that the number of

5 electric vehicles that could be on BC's roads by

6 2030 could be upwards of a million vehicles.

7 So combining that with all of the laptops,

8 tablets, smart phones, Play Stations, big screen

9 TVs and other gadgets, and you have demands on the

10 system from consumers that we have not seen

11 previously, and will only continue to increase as

12 our province grows.

13 Now, the second reason we support Site C is

14 that we see the construction and operation of

15 Site C as having a significant positive impact on

16 our members and other industries. This is one of

17 the largest infrastructure projects Canada has seen

18 in many years.

19 Now, according to BC Hydro, construction and

20 operation of the project would generate economic

21 benefits at the local, provincial and federal

22 level, resulting from the purchase of goods and

23 services for construction, operations, and

24 sustaining capital investment. These purchases

25 would result in an increase in output from supplier

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1 industries, GDP, household income, and economic

2 development during the construction period and is

3 expected to add some $3.2 billion to the provincial

4 GDP.

5 Now, in the northeast, our association

6 represents some 38 New Car Dealers who, based on an

7 average of 40 full-time and 7 part-time employees

8 per BC dealership would directly employ

9 approximately 1,780 Northern BC residents.

10 Obviously projects such as Site C provide

11 opportunities for New Car Dealers, whether it is

12 with supplying vehicles for supplier industries or

13 to the people who are employed by the projects. A

14 strong economy benefits us all.

15 I'd now like to invite our chairman from

16 Dawson Creek, Mr. Jim Inkster, to provide some

17 local perspective.

18 Jim.

19 MR. JIM INKSTER: Thanks, Blair.

20 Can questions wait until later, Mr. Chairman?

21 Thank you.

22 So you know that there is a bit of history

23 for me in the Peace River block, and I arrived here

24 two days after Kennedy was shot for those of us

25 that are old enough to know what that was and be

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1 able to establish where they were on that date. It

2 was pretty important for all of us.

3 I made Dawson Creek, basically the Peace

4 River block, my home, and that equates to 50 years.

5 I did use the Bennett Dam as one of my employers.

6 I had the opportunity to work for Northern Power

7 Plant Builders, all for Kiewit in 1964 and 1965, so

8 I was able to use those wages to supplement, build

9 a little bit of a nest egg so that things could go

10 forward.

11 The wages were excellent. There were more

12 hours available that you could possibly work at

13 that particular time. Today we have controls on

14 that, that the building of the new dam would not

15 allow those possibly to the extend that we used

16 them for our income.

17 During the building of Site 1, I was

18 fortunate enough to be in business, and I just sold

19 the business that I managed in Dawson Creek, owned

20 and managed for 41 years, and so I have been an

21 employee and I've been an employer, so I understand

22 both sides of that.

23 One thing that we did notice during the

24 construction of Site 1 was that that job or that

25 availability of a job gave my customers the

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1 opportunity to have one employer for their income

2 for one year, and before these dams were under

3 construction, most folks that lived in this

4 particular area, in the Peace River block, worked

5 two minimum and possibly three jobs in a year and

6 would have three T4 slips; one being the winter

7 job, one being the summer job, and they were

8 definitely off during spring break-up, and some

9 were fortunate to have farmer friends that they

10 would work for in that fall season.

11 So what it also allowed was that some of the

12 smaller farmers who couldn't possibly have a

13 substantive income off of the farm units that they

14 had were able to work with the help of their family

15 members at the dam and supplement their farm

16 incomes, And today, some of those people have

17 probably been appeared before you in previous

18 presentations. And you'll see them over the next

19 wee while.

20 And if they relate back, they can say that

21 some of that, the reason for their success, was

22 able to supplement their incomes by working at the

23 dam.

24 In answer to folks about there being

25 equipment standing idle and stuff like that, when I

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1 was on the Bennett Dam, one of my roommates

2 happened to be a cement finisher from Portugal, and

3 obviously English was his second language. I'm

4 afraid I didn't teach him all of the right stuff,

5 but anyway we got him working, and I never did

6 follow up, and I apologize to him and to the world

7 for not knowing whether he brought his family or

8 gave his family the opportunities to come to Canada

9 and enjoy the lifestyle that we do.

10 The stability in having an employer like that

11 and a workforce came with the construction of both

12 the dams. And the less seasonal employment as the

13 long-term permanent became available, what it did

14 was just gave the family unit the stability that it

15 needed, and they weren't looking elsewhere.

16 The reference to those that have left, some

17 of them left because of education. If you take

18 somebody out of Dawson Creek and take them to

19 Kelowna today and put them into university, their

20 chances of coming back have to be job-related and a

21 pretty substantial payroll to go along with it, I

22 expect. And some of them we lost for that, not

23 because of opportunities, but because it was a

24 little more accommodating climate to live in.

25 The entire actual Wenner-Gren proposal, I had

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1 my toes dipped in that way back in Grade 8, and a

2 gentleman by the name of Eric Staintson (phonetic)

3 who became a liberal MP for the Northern Fraser

4 Valley decided that the 25-odd members in his

5 classroom needed to have a look at that. And what

6 it was that a Swedish industrialist had designed

7 for a river in the Province of British Columbia and

8 ultimately in Canada.

9 The proposal was not wrong, albeit I haven't

10 read it from cover to cover. It's a very long

11 document.

12 WAC Bennett was not wrong for buying the

13 program and financing the program and building the

14 Bennett Dam first and setting the stage to build

15 Site 1, nor was he wrong to envision that Site C

16 would be built.

17 What it is is there -- I guess the thing that

18 rings in my mind is the fact that we use that water

19 that's in Williston Lake and comes through the

20 Bennett Dam. Then we use the one that's in

21 Dinosaur Lake and we run it through Site 1, and

22 we'll use it again when it's dammed for Site C.

23 There can't possibly be anything wrong when

24 we use that resource that many times. We don't

25 contaminate it. We don't destroy it in any way,

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1 shape, or form, and it will always be there to

2 sustain life, and that's the only thing that we can

3 ask for out of it.

4 As a 50-year resident, an employee, an

5 employer, I believe that we have benefited from

6 both dams, and we will benefit from Site C. Let's

7 build it.

8 And thank you for the opportunity.

9 THE CHAIRMAN: Thank you, gentlemen.

10 Mr. Mattison.

11 MR. MATTISON: Thank you.

12 And I apologize. I can't remember which of

13 you is which.

14 MR. JIM INKSTER: I'm Jim.

15 MR. MATTISON: Jim? Okay. Thank you.

16 And you're Blair then.

17 MR. BLAIR QUALEY: I'm Blair, yes.

18 MR. MATTISON: Question for you, Blair. You

19 mentioned 850 qualifying vehicles, and I think you

20 said natural gas, hydrogen and electric. Do you --

21 I'm going to ask just a little bit more about those

22 in terms of you talked about a million electric

23 vehicles potentially by 2030. Can you give me a

24 sense of where we're going with natural gas

25 vehicles and hydrogen vehicles?

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1 MR. BLAIR QUALEY: The majority of the vehicles

2 out of the first go of this program have all

3 primarily been electric vehicles.

4 MR. MATTISON: I expected that.

5 MR. BLAIR QUALEY: Yeah, part of the challenge

6 around the natural gas vehicles, and there are some

7 being built by manufacturers, most of those will

8 never come into Canada. They are retained by the

9 manufacturers built in the United States to help

10 meet the sort of fleet mileage requirements that

11 they have down there, the cafe standards.

12 So, you know, Honda, for example, builds a

13 natural gas vehicle, but we haven't seen it in

14 Canada, and we've been told politely that we likely

15 won't.

16 But, you know, with respect to conversions to

17 natural gas, of course there's a number of

18 opportunities there. We of course deal with new

19 cars, not conversions, so the statistics and

20 information I have are only with respect to

21 original equipment manufacturer vehicles made for

22 natural gas and et cetera, so ...

23 MR. MATTISON: And I can't pull into a

24 dealer and buy a hydrogen vehicle yet, I guess.

25 MR. BLAIR QUALEY: Not here in BC.

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1 MR. MATTISON: Okay. Thank you.

2 THE CHAIRMAN: A follow-up to that: You've

3 doubtless read in the proposal that Hydro is

4 including in their load forecast for 20 years from

5 now a sizeable chunk for electric vehicles.

6 MR. BLAIR QUALEY: M'mm-hmm.

7 THE CHAIRMAN: Now, it's early days and hard

8 to quantify, but is it your sense that they are

9 allowing enough? Or too much? Or about the right

10 amount of juice for electric cars?

11 MR. BLAIR QUALEY: I'm not an expert in

12 electrical load, but, you know, I would say that,

13 you know, my confidence level would be in their

14 estimates. I mean, we're hopeful that -- you know,

15 British Columbia is an excellent market for these

16 kinds of vehicles. You know, what we're finding,

17 for example, the number of the manufacturers, you

18 know, they are really starting to pay attention to

19 this market as a place to send electric vehicles,

20 because people in British Columbia are starting to

21 really want to buy them.

22 THE CHAIRMAN: Do you have a figure for

23 let's say 2013 sales or something for electric

24 vehicles in BC?

25 MR. BLAIR QUALEY: Not handy. I could go and

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1 get something worked out, but I don't have one

2 right here tonight to tell you.

3 THE CHAIRMAN: It would be of assistance to

4 us if you could drop us a note just saying, let's

5 say, what the sales were for the last two or

6 three years.

7 MR. BLAIR QUALEY: 840 of them since 2010.

8 THE CHAIRMAN: But that's including

9 electric, gas, and the non-existent hydrogen.

10 MR. BLAIR QUALEY: Yeah, those are pure electric

11 qualifying vehicles.

12 THE CHAIRMAN: 850 are pure electric?

13 MR. BLAIR QUALEY: Yeah, we haven't -- I think

14 there was, pardon me, maybe one natural gas Sierra

15 pick-up out of those numbers, but they are

16 significantly all electric, but I will send you --

17 make sure the Secretariat gets the list of the

18 breakdown since the program started.

19 THE CHAIRMAN: Thank you.

20

21 UNDERTAKING 45: Provide the panel with the breakdown of

22 vehicles running from alternative energy sold since

23 the incentive program started.

24

25 THE CHAIRMAN: Are there further questions

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1 for these gentlemen?

2 Mr. Hadland.

3 MR. RANDAL HADLAND: Randy Hadland.

4 Mr. Chairman, I wonder if this panel could

5 finish the comment that this gentleman was going to

6 make a minute ago for the reasons why this is a

7 good market for these kinds of vehicles.

8 THE CHAIRMAN: Do I take it the question is

9 is this a good market for these kinds of vehicles

10 because -- why is it a good market?

11 MR. RANDAL HADLAND: That's right.

12 MR. BLAIR QUALEY: What we're hearing from

13 British Columbians, and we get a lot of comments

14 through our dealers from their customers, that, you

15 know, they -- and it ties primarily to the interest

16 in British Columbians in the environment and the

17 fact that we have a lot of people driving short

18 commutes that are perfect for these kinds of

19 vehicles.

20 And as the gas price continues to go up,

21 which we expect it will continue to do so, people

22 are looking for options and ways in which they can

23 reduce their footprints in the environment. I get

24 letters all the time from people. I happen to have

25 a column in the Sun and Province which generates a

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1 lot of feedback, and those are the kinds of

2 comments we get that, you know, these kinds --

3 A lot of people have been waiting anxiously

4 for the arrival of these. The clean energy vehicle

5 program, when it started, unfortunately we had the

6 program, but not a lot of inventory, so the 850

7 number is just the tip of the iceberg of what's

8 coming.

9 THE CHAIRMAN: Mr. Hadland, I'm sure that

10 was a prologue to your real question.

11 MR. RANDAL HADLAND: So my real question is since

12 people are environmentally conscious in this

13 province and are becoming more environmentally

14 conscious, are they as likely to try and find their

15 own or a more local source of their -- for

16 electricity?

17 MR. BLAIR QUALEY: I'm not sure I'm qualified to

18 answer that question.

19 MR. RANDAL HADLAND: Thank you.

20 THE CHAIRMAN: Okay.

21 MS. MARILYN BELAK: Marilyn Belak, B-e-l-a-k.

22 I have a question about the electric cars,

23 because it was my understanding and some of my

24 experience with electric cars that they can also

25 feed into the grid when they are charged up and

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1 replenish that energy, and so I do have questions

2 around the load that they would need, and I also

3 have questions about looking at a traditional

4 heavy-duty project to supply electricity for that.

5 So my question is --

6 THE CHAIRMAN: One at a time, please.

7 MS. MARILYN BELAK: Yeah, so that's just the

8 background of my question.

9 My question is what does Blair know about

10 this ability of charged electrical cars to actually

11 supply energy to the house or grid?

12 MR. BLAIR QUALEY: My understanding is from

13 talking to people that know a lot more about that

14 than I do that there is a potential for vehicles,

15 electric vehicles, to generate electricity through

16 the course of them running around and braking and

17 so forth, and the charging up during the day, they

18 could come home and plug in and give back some

19 energy to their homes.

20 I know -- I understand BC Hydro is looking at

21 some of those things, but I'm not an expert, again,

22 on electric power generation.

23 MS. MARILYN BELAK: That was --

24 THE CHAIRMAN: Please, you're jumping ahead

25 of Mr. Knoblauch in any case.

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1 MS. MARILYN BELAK: I'm sorry. It was a response

2 to my question.

3 THE CHAIRMAN: You did ask to speak, I

4 gather. Is that right?

5 Mr. Knoblauch.

6 MR. KEVIN KNOBLAUCH: I just was curious to know --

7 I'm assuming that most of the electric cars that

8 are in use at present in BC are on the Lower

9 Mainland or in the south coast?

10 MR. BLAIR QUALEY: The vast majority, yes. We

11 do have sale in Fort St. John of a plug-in electric

12 Ford Focus, the first one. I understand the owner

13 calls it Sparky.

14 MR. KEVIN KNOBLAUCH: Okay. Well, my question

15 related to that is how in the heck are we going to

16 stay warm in those things at 40 below in this

17 country?

18 MR. BLAIR QUALEY: There are a number of issues

19 around electric vehicles in temperature variations,

20 which I know the manufacturers of batteries and the

21 manufacturers of those vehicles are working very

22 hard to address, but they are better suited in, you

23 know, lower, you know, sort of moderate-temperature

24 climates than perhaps up here.

25 THE CHAIRMAN: Okay. I think one more

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1 question.

2 MS. VERENA HOFMANN: So my question to the speaker

3 is with most things where markets aren't yet

4 established, you're at the mercy and the will of

5 others to help you get the market ready.

6 So how involved and supportive in terms of

7 concrete action to date has the government provided

8 to your industry to get electrical vehicles ready

9 on the market when you've -- in the timeframe you

10 said where there will be peak demand?

11 MR. BLAIR QUALEY: Well, the provincial

12 government has provided a number of things. I

13 mentioned the clean energy vehicle program, CEV for

14 BC, which is the incentive program. So there's

15 several million dollars have been provided for that

16 through the government for that program for the

17 incentives to help encourage people to look at the

18 option of electric vehicles to sort of prime the

19 pump, if it were, in the marketing sense.

20 They've also spent significant amounts of

21 money through their Ministry of Environment for

22 infrastructure, for electric charging stations in

23 various places around the Lower Mainland and on

24 Vancouver Island and in the interior.

25 So quite a bit of work has been done by also

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1 municipal governments taking advantage of some of

2 those grants as well from the Provincial Government

3 to put that infrastructure in place.

4 Private sector individuals, organizations,

5 owners of office buildings, condominiums,

6 et cetera, are now taking advantage of those funds

7 to make sure that infrastructure is available for

8 people to plug in when they come to work or be able

9 to plug in in a building when they come home.

10 So this is a bit of a marathon and not a

11 sprint. It's going to be a while to give people

12 the confidence that they'll have a place to be able

13 to plug in, and we now have the inventory of

14 vehicles. We now have infrastructure in place. We

15 are marketing the programs, and we're starting to

16 see the results, and we're confident that we're

17 going to see more electric vehicle sales in the

18 next year or two.

19 THE CHAIRMAN: Okay.

20 Thank you very much, Mr. Qualey, Mr. Inkster.

21 MR. BLAIR QUALEY: Thank you very much for the

22 time.

23 THE CHAIRMAN: We had one person who at the

24 last minute registered to speak.

25 Marilyn Belak, is it? 5 minutes, please.

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1 MS. MARILYN BELAK: Let me just get this down to

2 me.

3 Thank you very much, Mr. Chair.

4 I'm Marilyn Belak, and I have enjoyed

5 listening to Wayne Dahlen, who was the Mayor when I

6 first came on city council, and Paul Gevatkoff, who

7 I sat next to in city council for many years and

8 had lively debates with, no doubt.

9 I just wanted tonight -- I was thinking in my

10 mind, actually, rather flippantly now, we've heard

11 from the good ole boys. We should hear from the

12 good ole girl who is actually interested in new

13 ideas, and I've found a lot of the arguments, not

14 particularly about whether Site C is right or not,

15 but just about doing things the same old way.

16 So I really do look for innovation, and I was

17 really glad to be involved with a city that was

18 full of innovation.

19 My concerns, my brother's worked on those

20 dams and those mega projects, and they don't just

21 happen. They are very dangerous. It's like

22 sending your children to war. You take them out of

23 society. They see all sorts of injuries and deaths

24 that are devastating to them at 17, 18, 19, 20 and

25 21. My oldest brother was a heavy-duty crane

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1 operator, and he saw whole crates of men smashed

2 into walls accidentally and die in front of him,

3 and arms come off on the excavator and stuff.

4 So, you know, they don't just happen. So

5 let's keep that human element in there.

6 But what I wanted to talk about was the other

7 things that happen. Someone earlier today talked

8 about, and I think it was Blair Lekstrom, about the

9 regional concept, and that we're all in this

10 together, and we are. And I'm concerned about the

11 social -- the social spin-offs of this. I, like

12 Wayne, once was chair of the BC Assessment Review,

13 and yesterday I got my assessment for my little old

14 house on my fixed income, and it's astronomical.

15 And, you know, thank heavens I was in a situation

16 where I have RRSPs, and although I'm on a fixed

17 income, I'm not in poverty, but I know a lot of

18 people that are. At one point in this city, we had

19 a social association of all of the service groups

20 and social industry in Dawson Creek, so we knew who

21 are hungry, who our homeless were, where our holes

22 were in the fabric of our society.

23 And since our oil and gas increase, and I

24 know this also happens with the building of a mega

25 project dam, because the prices and everything go

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1 up, but the social costs that go along with that,

2 the people who are left behind, the poor get poorer

3 in that instance right away.

4 And the prostitution ring of young girls that

5 was run out of Prince George. I was doing

6 Communities in Bloom and plucking the gardens

7 downtown at 5:00 in the morning before the waterers

8 (sic) would come around and meet the young

9 prostitute girls who were being sent from Prince

10 George around the area up to Fort Nelson and are

11 still being done.

12 The drugs and the -- you know, even kids I

13 knew when they were in school who, you know, went

14 up to work with the oil and gas but end up selling

15 drugs on a side road because they know the shift

16 change. The cocaine problem here.

17 All of those social problems and the policing

18 that we as a community can hardly afford to pay

19 for, plus our fire department that is constantly --

20 they do more hazardous and car automobile accident

21 recovery out on the road than they do their own

22 jobs.

23 So these are the costs of our whole region

24 that come with it, and we need to be a little bit

25 more pliable in both looking how we'll find that

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1 energy. I'm number seven on the wind mill project,

2 and on the Peace energy co-op, and, you know, I've

3 looked at geothermal and stuff. We have to look at

4 more innovative ways.

5 We really studied sustainability a lot in the

6 City of Dawson Creek, and I guess one of the things

7 that got me excited about electric vehicles was we

8 actually have been doing for years a project with

9 ICBC, and we've done very many projects with Hydro

10 about using electricity solar energy. We put solar

11 energy on our rooftops. There is an innovative

12 spirit to look at that.

13 So the idea of incurring the problems of a

14 mega project, how hard it is, we lose a generation

15 of young people who go out there to work. They are

16 no longer part of our social fabric, whether it's

17 their social fabric in Newfoundland or Colorado or

18 where ever they come from, they are living in a

19 camp life. They are living a very sterile life.

20 Generally, what I see in my local community

21 is what you end up doing with it is buying two

22 skidoos instead of one so you can skidoo with a

23 friend, or a bigger motorcycle, or toys, those kind

24 of toys, but you lose that social fabric that I

25 think when I was listening to Wayne Dahlen talk, I

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1 recalled after the dam was finished and the

2 community shrunk to quite a small size of around

3 8,000 or something.

4 That's when the community got together and

5 started an arts centre, and we had a symphonette,

6 and the BC orchestra came up, and the dance things

7 came, and we made a life for ourselves.

8 Now, I'm not wanting to look back or go back,

9 but I'm looking to use that innovativeness that you

10 hear from every speaker here to do something other

11 than the same-old-same-old and develop a mega

12 project that might leave us going hungry.

13 So I wanted to speak for the voices that

14 don't come here of all of these people who are

15 working three or four jobs at places like

16 cleaning -- there are not enough people to clean

17 motel rooms, you know, and the extra suites and

18 stuff.

19 And the children, we have one of the

20 highest -- BC has the worst child poverty rate in

21 Canada, and us in the north have the tops of that.

22 We have all sorts of success by six programs

23 because all of our poor people are getting left

24 behind.

25 If we're going to look at, you know, food,

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1 territory, building the new world, we better look

2 at our children and start with that and see if we

3 can't do a better deal for it.

4 So I know we all think differently, but I

5 think we have to retry not to leave anyone behind

6 in this.

7 Thank you very much.

8 THE CHAIRMAN: Thank you very much.

9 I would now like to turn to Hydro to see what

10 their responses are to what they've heard today.

11 Thank you.

12

13 Closing remarks by Hydro:

14 MS. YURKOVICH: Thank you, Mr. Chair.

15 We've heard a number of things today, and I

16 will touch on a few of the topics, and as I

17 mentioned, some of these things we will leave to

18 the technical sessions that follow.

19 Just to begin, Ms. Culling spoke to us and

20 referenced a paper that was produced by the Edison

21 Electric Institute, which discusses challenges for

22 utilities. I had a chance to review this document

23 quickly at the break this evening, and much of that

24 paper discusses the potential for generation by

25 customers, and BC Hydro is aware of this potential

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1 and has included several components of that in our

2 planning, including customer self-generation,

3 particularly in the forestry sector.

4 We have key account managers who worked

5 directly with companies to undertake that work and

6 to identify a potential which is reflected in our

7 load forecast.

8 We also, as you know, have DSM, demand-side

9 management, programs for load displacement. This

10 is expected to represent about 900 gigawatt hours

11 by fiscal 2027. And on the supply side, we have

12 both the standing offer program and net metering,

13 which I believe Mrs. Hadland had mentioned today

14 for smaller generation projects. We currently have

15 278 participants in that net meter program,

16 representing about 1.35 megawatts.

17 I think the other thing is we're working to

18 facilitate distributed generation and

19 infrastructure for electric vehicles, but we also

20 need to modernize our grid to support that.

21 With respect to the challenges that the

22 Utilities face that were discussed in that paper,

23 there are also I just wanted to note some key

24 differences between BC Hydro and the US utilities

25 that were referenced. First, we are a publicly

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1 owned and regulated utility with an obligation to

2 serve residential, commercial and industrial

3 customers, and we are also a low-cost jurisdiction.

4 We're a technology. Renewables like solar

5 and wind are currently more expensive than our

6 heritage hydro assets.

7 I think the other thing that Ms. Culling

8 raised was conservation, and I just want to

9 reiterate that that is also -- it is our preferred,

10 most cost-effective option. It's why it is our

11 first choice to meet the demand going forward, and

12 we currently have in our Integrated Resource Plan,

13 set -- we plan to meet 78 percent of our future

14 load growth through conservation and demand-side

15 initiatives, which far surpasses the 66 percent

16 target that was set out in the Clean Energy Act.

17 There were a number of issues that Mr. Little

18 raised that will be discussed next week. I did

19 want to note that he cited several land areas which

20 appear to be drawn I believe from table 20.6.16 of

21 the EIS, and this table provides only the areas of

22 agricultural land that are permanently affected. I

23 would direct the panel to Section 11, tables

24 11.3.1, 11.3.2, and 11.3.3 for the overall land

25 requirements for fee-simple permanent statutory

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1 rights-of-way and temporary tenures.

2 Mr. Little also raised the concern about

3 guarantees for mitigation obligations. As we have

4 noted, BC Hydro would be legally and financially

5 responsible for the regulatory requirements that

6 are set out as a condition of the Environmental

7 Assessment Certificate and in the Decision

8 Statement and permits and authorizations that we

9 would have to achieve prior to proceeding with the

10 project, and these costs are reflected in the cost

11 estimate.

12 Just one other point Mr. Little raised

13 suggested that the boat launch construction would

14 be delayed by 8 to 10 years. I just want to

15 clarify that we would be responsible for the

16 construction, operation and maintenance of the boat

17 launches and the day-use areas that we have

18 proposed. We would plan and design those

19 facilities to be available within approximately one

20 year of construction, and we would also make sure

21 that boat launches remained available for use on

22 the Peace River during construction.

23 Mr. Knoblauch asked us two questions, which

24 will be discussed further during the agricultural

25 topic section. I would note that in Site C, in the

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1 EIS, the agricultural assessment, land capability

2 for agriculture and crop suitability were

3 considered. Areas suitable for horticulture

4 production, vegetables and fruit are discussed.

5 The focus of the assessment is on food crops. It

6 does not specifically mention flowers or ornamental

7 plants. Through the agricultural study,

8 consultants were not made aware of any commercial

9 flower production in the region.

10 Based on the limited production, it was not

11 included in the future production scenarios, which

12 is consistent with the other studies in this

13 region.

14 I would like to thank the BC Women's

15 Institute who spoke about the value of agricultural

16 land, the need for food-growing capacity. I'll

17 also note section 20 of the agricultural assessment

18 that there would be no reduction in agricultural

19 capability or utility was made on the basis of

20 current agricultural land use. However, we do

21 believe as well that agricultural capability in the

22 valley, even with the project, could be increased

23 in the future with the application of an

24 agricultural compensation fund to support that

25 goal.

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1 Mr. Hansen raised the question about the

2 statutory right-of-way agreements for those who are

3 potentially impacted by the restrictions associated

4 with impact lines, and while we do have a historic

5 statutory rights-of-way and easements agreements,

6 we are developing a draft agreement that would be

7 tailored specifically for the Site C project.

8 Up until now, we have not had a need for this

9 kind of agreement for the project, as we have been

10 purchasing through the Passive Land Acquisition

11 Program, and we want to have a new statutory

12 agreement that -- to incorporate the impact line

13 concept that we have put forward to maximize the

14 flexibility of use for property owners. We want to

15 update the language, remove unnecessary clauses,

16 et cetera.

17 We also think it's important that the

18 statutory right-of-way agreement reflects the

19 outcome of the Environmental Assessment, so we are

20 working on that draft document now and would

21 certainly make that available.

22 There was a number of questions raised around

23 rates and dividends. I would just note that on

24 November 26th, there was an announcement by

25 government of a 10-year -- announcement about a

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1 long-term rate plan. This was done after working

2 with BC Hydro to make changes including an

3 adjustment to future provincial dividends paid by

4 BC Hydro to the Provincial Government.

5 I would also like to touch on the subject of

6 the government's energy policy as it relates to the

7 Integrated Resource Plan which has been subject to

8 consultation. We have had extensive consultation

9 under the resource options report, which considers

10 options for satisfying future electricity

11 requirements in the province, and as we have

12 reflected, the IRP has been recently approved by

13 government.

14 I think the other point I would like to

15 address is the BCUC review. Certainly that

16 question is for others.

17 I would just like to note that we did utilize

18 the guidance for a certificate of public

19 convenience and necessity, the CPCM guidance

20 document, that we would be required to use for BCUC

21 purposes in developing the needs and purpose and

22 alternative sections of the EIS.

23 Just a couple more points.

24 I wanted to address Mr. Hadland's reference

25 to the conservation collaborative, the Stakeholder

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1 Committee that put together the conservation

2 potential review that was conducted in the early

3 1990s. I believe he referenced about 33,000

4 gigawatt hours that was noted there.

5 That is an unconstrained technical potential

6 identified through the study. It doesn't consider

7 what would be economic or feasible or achievable in

8 the marketplace, and certainly we use that as an

9 input into our planning process. It is one of many

10 considerations that informs our IRP, and our most

11 recent Integrated Resource Plan considered various

12 levels of demand-side management and reflected new

13 market potential, economics achievability,

14 et cetera.

15 I would also note that that is an old study.

16 There have been at least two other conservation

17 potential reviews that I have -- that I am aware of

18 since that time, and I had a chance to speak with

19 the fellow who runs our demand-side management

20 program. I understand we are undertaking -- we are

21 planning to undertake a new conservation potential

22 review study that would be informing future plans.

23 I think the most recent document would come from

24 2007, but we do do regular market updates as well.

25 Just a couple other things.

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1 Mr. Kelly referenced a document from 1977

2 that discussed the McGregor diversion and Site E.

3 I just want to note that both of those projects are

4 no longer contemplated. Those flood reserves have

5 been removed by the province.

6 And, finally, I would just note that we had a

7 number of presenters, including former Minister

8 Lekstrom, former Mayor Wayne Dahlen, Mr. Gevatkoff

9 from the South Peace Oilmen's, Mr. Qualey and

10 Inkster from the New Car Dealers of BC who spoke in

11 support of the project.

12 And I think that is what I would respond to

13 from our day today.

14 Thank you, Mr. Chairman and panel.

15 THE CHAIRMAN: Thank you very much,

16 Ms. Yurkovich.

17 We stand adjourned until tomorrow morning. I

18 see we are meeting at 9:30 it says here.

19 Thank you very much.

20

21 (Proceedings adjourned at 8:50 p.m.)

22

23

24

25

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1 REPORTER'S CERTIFICATION

2

3 I, Nancy Nielsen, RCR, RPR, CSR(A), Official

4 Realtime Reporter in the Provinces of British Columbia

5 and Alberta, Canada, do hereby certify:

6

7 That the proceedings were taken down by me in

8 shorthand at the time and place herein set forth and

9 thereafter transcribed, and the same is a true and

10 correct and complete transcript of said proceedings to

11 the best of my skill and ability.

12

13 IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto subscribed

14 my name this 9th day of January, 2014.

15

16

17

18 ______

19 Nancy Nielsen, RCR, RPR, CSR(A)

20 Official Realtime Reporter

21

22

23

24

25

Mainland Reporting Services Inc. [email protected] 1

$ 158:7; 160:4; 165:22; 1969 [1] - 179:14 23; 93:24; 94:9; 98:9; 179:10; 188:24; 256:14 1970s [1] - 99:23 111:14; 125:13; 217:24; 10,000 [5] - 31:11; 100:19, 1972 [1] - 177:7 240:23 $10 [4] - 164:23; 165:25; 24; 131:17; 204:19 1974 [5] - 123:7; 124:13; 2014 [3] - 1:13; 5:1; 262:14 173:15; 228:18 10-minute [1] - 82:7 128:24; 129:5; 139:2 2024 [1] - 158:1 $100 [1] - 23:17 10-year [1] - 258:25 1975 [3] - 194:3, 16; 204:8 2027 [1] - 254:11 $12 [1] - 217:24 100 [5] - 34:15; 53:17; 1976 [3] - 123:11; 124:13; 2030 [2] - 232:6; 238:23 $15,000 [1] - 193:24 106:24; 131:17; 218:15 139:4 209 [1] - 3:22 $18 [1] - 196:14 100,000 [2] - 60:2; 182:10 1977 [3] - 180:19; 185:1; 20th [2] - 125:13; 173:5 $18,000 [1] - 196:16 100-mile [1] - 197:11 261:1 21 [1] - 248:25 $2.38 [1] - 226:6 100-year [1] - 122:5 1979 [1] - 170:7 215 [1] - 3:23 $24,000 [1] - 193:14 103 [1] - 3:13 1980 [1] - 170:6 21st [1] - 95:15 $25,000 [1] - 193:8 10s [1] - 202:15 1980s [2] - 102:7; 178:7 22 [2] - 3:10; 132:13 $250 [1] - 164:25 11 [4] - 11:10; 46:6; 105:2; 1981 [2] - 91:5; 102:13 228 [1] - 3:24 $27 [1] - 171:2 255:23 1982 [1] - 132:8 24 [3] - 165:13; 179:24; 220:8 $288 [1] - 227:16 11,000 [1] - 164:19 1984 [1] - 107:9 241 [1] - 4:10 $30,000 [1] - 193:19 11.2 [1] - 10:14 1985 [2] - 161:7; 170:16 24s [1] - 202:15 $4.65 [1] - 170:18 11.3.1 [1] - 255:24 1986 [1] - 28:17 25 [7] - 53:18; 164:22; $5,000 [2] - 193:8; 231:8 11.3.2 [1] - 255:24 1987 [2] - 120:15; 123:15 173:14; 179:11; 193:23; $9,000 [3] - 194:5, 22; 195:4 11.3.3 [1] - 255:24 1990s [2] - 104:23; 260:3 201:18; 202:22 $95 [1] - 53:10 11705 [1] - 1:23 1992 [2] - 132:25; 216:22 25-odd [1] - 237:4 12 [1] - 160:24 1996 [2] - 121:3; 230:1 250 [1] - 173:15 ' 120 [3] - 3:14; 16:14, 20 1997 [1] - 120:15 253 [1] - 3:25 126 [1] - 144:24 1998 [1] - 120:16 262 [1] - 1:15 12th [1] - 150:5 1999 [1] - 121:3 269 [1] - 111:10 '14 [1] - 14:20 13 [1] - 63:5 1:02 [1] - 5:3 26th [1] - 258:24 '20s [1] - 189:3 13th [1] - 142:14 271 [1] - 111:8 '30s [1] - 189:3 14 [2] - 1:14; 124:3 278 [1] - 254:15 '40s [1] - 189:3 2 140 [1] - 3:17 28 [1] - 202:23 '50s [1] - 209:18 15 [2] - 106:4; 108:1 29 [5] - 16:9; 111:7; 115:10, '60s [3] - 209:18; 211:17; 2 [12] - 10:14; 11:22; 97:9; 15,000 [1] - 193:18 18; 148:4 220:1 105:12; 107:4; 127:25; 150 [2] - 20:4; 204:17 '70s [2] - 197:19; 201:6 132:16; 151:23; 161:3; 151 [1] - 146:19 '80s [2] - 141:16; 210:16 181:24; 193:19; 202:14 3 16 [1] - 107:21 '90s [3] - 141:17; 166:13; 2,000 [2] - 19:24; 182:21 160 [2] - 3:18; 45:11 210:17 2.4 [1] - 31:17 3 [6] - 98:7; 110:22; 161:3; 169 [1] - 3:19 '92 [2] - 162:17; 172:14 2.8 [1] - 165:7 193:14; 202:14 16s [1] - 202:15 '95 [2] - 162:17; 172:14 20 [12] - 24:3; 47:5; 49:1; 3,000 [1] - 204:2 17 [4] - 20:5; 107:21; 248:24 54:13; 61:17; 94:2; 98:13; 3,000-gigawatt [1] - 154:19 174 [1] - 4:6 0 119:2; 167:6; 240:4; 3.2 [1] - 233:3 176 [1] - 3:20 248:24; 257:17 30 [9] - 16:21; 17:12; 20:8; 1793 [1] - 84:15 20,000-page [1] - 76:20 41:23; 60:6; 162:15; 035200 [1] - 104:9 18 [4] - 53:6; 62:20; 105:6; 20-minute [1] - 202:24 180:10; 193:22; 229:17 248:24 20.6.16 [1] - 255:20 32 [1] - 25:2 1800s [1] - 191:3 1 200 [1] - 131:17 33 [2] - 17:16; 53:6 186 [1] - 3:21 2000 [5] - 54:24; 69:14; 33,000 [4] - 31:12; 166:22; 1870 [2] - 88:13, 25 1 [19] - 1:15; 16:16; 108:24; 121:5; 141:21; 177:16 172:9; 260:3 1897 [1] - 122:3 109:12; 116:12; 123:14; 2000s [1] - 141:21 330 [1] - 111:8 19 [1] - 248:24 127:25; 130:15; 132:16, 2002 [2] - 104:11, 22 3390 [1] - 104:7 1900 [1] - 133:1 23; 151:22; 160:24; 2003 [2] - 121:5; 194:17 34 [2] - 17:14; 21:10 1905 [1] - 84:13 176:22; 177:4; 187:4; 2005 [2] - 99:24; 141:18 34,000 [1] - 228:21 1909 [1] - 122:4 234:17, 24; 237:15, 21 2007 [4] - 13:5; 15:12, 25; 35 [2] - 97:10; 104:9 1917 [2] - 125:7 1,000 [2] - 186:17; 195:3 260:24 36,000 [1] - 230:11 1928 [1] - 219:15 1,000-square-foot [1] - 97:18 2008 [2] - 120:16; 123:19 360 [1] - 228:17 1941 [1] - 219:17 1,100 [1] - 179:13 2009 [2] - 100:10; 112:9 37 [1] - 172:1 1944 [2] - 216:5; 219:19 1,373 [1] - 112:5 2010 [5] - 13:13; 57:15; 38 [1] - 233:6 1957 [1] - 21:24 1,780 [1] - 233:9 105:12; 231:3; 241:7 1959 [1] - 176:16 1,834 [1] - 84:9 2011 [4] - 13:19; 96:24; 4 1960 [1] - 133:1 1.35 [1] - 254:16 111:2; 141:22 1964 [2] - 176:19; 234:7 1.8 [1] - 228:19 2012 [7] - 6:6; 13:20; 78:23; 1965 [1] - 234:7 4 [3] - 15:18; 113:22; 134:6 10 [18] - 3:8; 16:22, 25; 20:7; 100:16; 111:3; 123:24; 1967 [1] - 104:11 [2] 52:22; 53:1; 96:15; 97:3; 124:6 4,010 - 84:10; 85:19 1968 [3] - 104:14, 22; 179:11 4,500 [1] - 186:18 108:1; 115:5; 157:25; 2013 [11] - 14:20; 68:11, 19,

Mainland Reporting Services Inc. 604.520.3838 [email protected] 2

4,523 [1] - 110:25 72 [1] - 133:3 Aboriginal [2] - 6:18, 23 71:5, 19; 72:15; 122:9; 4-H [1] - 120:25 75 [1] - 111:11 Aboriginals [1] - 190:23 129:1; 176:10 40 [21] - 21:17; 24:2; 41:23; 76 [1] - 125:24 absolutely [3] - 50:5; 57:18; action [4] - 153:17; 180:4; 47:5, 22; 48:25; 94:1; 77 [1] - 4:3 223:3 181:15; 246:7 127:10; 136:5; 150:21; 78 [2] - 111:19; 255:13 abundance [2] - 194:18; active [3] - 13:11; 127:4; 161:5; 165:5; 180:10; 7:00 [1] - 185:19 208:21 216:5 189:12; 196:18; 206:22; accelerate [1] - 231:10 activity [5] - 74:18; 155:5; 208:16; 233:7; 245:16 8 accept [3] - 93:12; 105:18; 223:18; 224:5; 228:19 40-percent [1] - 54:13 185:3 Acts [1] - 56:13 40-year [1] - 100:4 acceptability [1] - 211:8 actual [6] - 52:9; 106:11; 8 [13] - 1:13; 5:1, 11; 7:4; 400,000 [1] - 60:4 acceptable [2] - 53:16; 54:18 110:20; 114:3; 172:19; 105:19; 113:24; 115:5; 41 [1] - 234:20 acceptance [2] - 211:10; 236:25 165:8, 21, 25; 180:7; 42 [1] - 181:1 232:2 ACWW [2] - 122:11; 125:1 237:1; 256:14 43 [2] - 4:3; 77:8 accepted [2] - 62:8; 162:6 adapt [1] - 150:12 8,000 [2] - 193:13; 252:3 44 [3] - 4:6; 111:16; 174:18 accepting [1] - 8:16 add [6] - 52:24; 71:12; 89:3; 8-and-a-half [2] - 142:9, 11 44-billion-dollar [1] - 227:16 access [15] - 16:8; 43:11; 118:21; 170:23; 233:3 8-billion-dollar [1] - 117:17 45 [2] - 4:10; 241:21 108:3; 109:3; 111:10, 12, added [3] - 116:20; 194:15; 80 [3] - 20:2; 118:23; 152:22 48 [2] - 130:5; 146:4 14, 21; 116:3; 127:1; 221:25 80-percent [1] - 159:3 182:5, 9, 11; 212:1; 225:10 addition [3] - 17:18; 18:22; 800,000 [1] - 163:10 5 accessibility [2] - 211:24; 212:12 8015666 [1] - 111:16 212:6 additional [6] - 18:23; 33:16; [1] 80s - 106:3 accident [1] - 250:20 38:15; 117:15; 164:22; 5 [11] - 3:3; 18:24; 36:10; [1] 815 - 104:6 accidentally [1] - 249:2 173:14 62:6; 97:11, 19, 21, 24; 82 [1] - 3:11 accommodate [1] - 7:1 address [10] - 9:3; 15:3; 117:1; 160:18; 247:25 84 [1] - 98:12 accommodating [1] - 236:24 119:11, 16; 157:4; 163:17; 5,000 [2] - 53:19; 164:20 840 [1] - 241:7 accomplish [1] - 200:22 205:20; 245:22; 259:15, 24 5-pounders [1] - 202:14 85 [1] - 133:3 according [6] - 53:11; 98:9; addressed [6] - 106:22; 50 [9] - 127:10; 131:4, 17; 850 [4] - 231:20; 238:19; 106:24; 130:16; 210:10; 118:10; 119:17; 163:22; 168:14; 169:6; 196:19; 241:12; 243:6 232:19 211:23; 212:5 228:13, 22; 234:4 8:50 [1] - 261:21 account [4] - 47:3; 159:4; addressing [2] - 15:14; 50-year [1] - 238:4 8th [1] - 1:23 254:4 105:9 500 [1] - 69:1 accountant [1] - 171:14 adjacent [4] - 69:5; 140:10; 52 [1] - 31:21 9 accounted [1] - 114:4 150:2; 188:16 55 [1] - 164:20 accounting [1] - 45:7 adjoining [1] - 142:18 59 [1] - 98:15 Accounts [2] - 156:21 adjourned [4] - 185:14, 17; 9 [6] - 3:4; 46:6; 195:4, 6, 8; 5:00 [1] - 250:7 261:17, 21 196:15 accounts [4] - 99:11; 156:12, 5:40 [1] - 185:17 24; 159:19 adjustment [1] - 259:3 90 [3] - 3:12; 7:16; 106:2 accrue [2] - 163:18; 211:5 adjustments [1] - 36:22 900 [1] - 254:10 6 accumulation [1] - 163:12 administration [2] - 117:11; 93 [3] - 34:13, 18; 39:15 accurate [1] - 105:15 231:5 95 [1] - 229:15 accustomed [1] - 26:11 adopt [1] - 112:15 6 [7] - 33:7; 44:23; 47:20, 25; 9:30 [1] - 261:18 achievability [1] - 260:13 adopted [1] - 105:2 134:6; 160:19; 182:12 9th [1] - 262:14 adults [1] - 135:19 60 [2] - 33:7; 230:12 achievable [1] - 260:7 advance [1] - 9:7 60,000 [1] - 193:23 achieve [6] - 37:10; 50:7, 10; A advanced [1] - 208:19 60-some [1] - 21:15 106:14; 191:24; 256:9 advances [4] - 51:23; 58:19; 600 [2] - 19:25; 179:12 achieving [1] - 67:18 abandoned [1] - 192:23 96:13; 155:18 630 [1] - 68:25 acid [1] - 10:23 ability [15] - 27:9; 29:23; advancing [1] - 51:22 66 [1] - 255:15 acquisition [3] - 21:16; 36:21; 40:22; 43:10; 70:12; advantage [3] - 14:25; 247:1, 68 [1] - 159:9 183:16; 258:10 72:5; 132:13; 150:7; acre [13] - 124:20; 193:5, 8, 6 7 191:14; 203:19; 204:11; 14-15, 19, 22; 194:5, 22; adversely [1] - 6:17 244:10; 262:11 195:4; 196:14, 16 advice [3] - 19:1; 78:12; able [39] - 5:18; 16:22, 24; acres [11] - 135:2; 146:19; 167:1 7 [9] - 54:4; 175:6; 179:24; 17:1, 15; 22:24; 29:18; 163:10; 174:3; 186:17; advised [1] - 109:18 185:15, 21; 193:3; 220:8; 30:25; 32:22; 40:24; 46:9; 188:10; 189:2; 195:3, 5; advisory [3] - 142:1; 216:17; 233:7 49:6; 66:18; 73:2; 80:17; 196:15 220:20 70 [6] - 31:18; 94:7; 106:23; 86:1, 7; 139:22; 144:6; Act [25] - 6:6; 33:23; 34:11; advocates [1] - 230:17 122:12; 165:6; 209:9 147:3, 8, 13; 154:16; 39:3; 42:1; 50:6, 13; 57:12, aerial [1] - 142:15 70,000 [3] - 26:6; 210:11; 156:5; 180:6; 185:10; 14, 16, 20; 61:21; 70:24; aerials [1] - 89:11 213:23 192:2; 210:17; 217:4; 71:19; 78:23; 79:22; 80:19, aesthetic [3] - 162:22; 700 [1] - 124:5 219:1; 226:16; 234:1, 8; 22; 105:13; 154:19; 255:16 163:23; 166:10 700,000 [1] - 182:12 235:14, 22; 247:8, 12 act [9] - 36:19; 61:20; 67:21; affair [2] - 91:4; 144:20

Mainland Reporting Services Inc. 604.520.3838 [email protected] 3

affect [2] - 22:23; 106:6 agrologist [1] - 104:6 25; 73:8; 74:5; 78:2; 80:1; apples [2] - 164:16; 200:24 affected [24] - 6:21; 15:8, 22; ahead [8] - 25:7; 30:10; 31:5; 98:2; 107:11, 14; 108:18; applicable [1] - 193:6 16:15, 21; 17:25; 18:7, 11, 32:23; 36:5; 103:23; 117:16; 135:12; 156:18; application [5] - 104:12; 15; 19:18, 24; 110:23; 207:16; 244:24 158:16; 170:17; 174:3, 11; 111:13, 17; 169:20; 257:23 113:18; 129:3; 176:16; air [3] - 92:18; 135:13; 145:7 175:8; 240:10 applications [2] - 104:14; 177:5; 181:6, 14; 182:7; airport [1] - 91:7 amounts [2] - 42:11; 246:20 105:5 222:13, 17; 223:17, 24; airports [1] - 137:22 ample [2] - 209:14; 211:20 applied [2] - 107:9; 167:10 255:22 AITC [2] - 134:6, 20 analysis [12] - 16:13; 21:13; apply [2] - 129:2; 178:23 afford [4] - 136:16; 154:8; Al [4] - 3:5; 9:21; 12:5, 17 97:14; 153:14; 154:5; appointed [1] - 7:8 226:10; 250:18 alarmed [2] - 68:3; 134:2 157:23; 158:15, 20, 22; appointment [1] - 181:10 affordability [2] - 40:24; 41:1 albeit [1] - 237:9 162:13; 169:14 appraisal [1] - 104:8 affordable [2] - 55:19; 69:24 Alberta [12] - 30:2; 44:11; analyzed [1] - 21:22 appreciate [12] - 59:22; afforded [1] - 220:23 46:15; 68:22; 69:2; 119:4; ancestors [2] - 129:8; 139:19 73:10; 82:2; 103:22; 118:6; afraid [2] - 72:13; 236:4 190:8; 200:3; 210:18; AND [3] - 1:4, 7; 138:15 131:24; 140:15; 141:2; Africa [1] - 133:3 211:12; 262:5 Anderson [1] - 98:10 164:12; 199:24; 209:17; afternoon [6] - 5:6; 10:5; Alberta's [1] - 218:22 Anheuser [1] - 99:17 214:11 12:14; 22:13; 90:14; ALC [2] - 129:1, 4 Anheuser-Busch [1] - 99:17 appreciated [2] - 118:12; 120:10 Alex [1] - 2:19 animals [3] - 85:18; 86:6; 150:5 age [2] - 135:15; 145:16 Alexander [3] - 84:15; 179:18 appreciates [2] - 164:10; AGENCY [1] - 1:6 100:20; 101:10 animation [2] - 208:15 217:2 agency [1] - 73:9 alignment [1] - 16:9 animosity [1] - 198:23 appreciation [6] - 5:11; agenda [3] - 9:8; 197:3; allies [1] - 100:9 anniversary [1] - 100:13 129:25; 130:21; 219:22; 208:3 allocated [1] - 114:8 announced [1] - 181:21 220:14; 221:5 aggrandizement [1] - 199:3 allow [8] - 42:19; 48:13; 93:6; announcement [4] - 128:25; appreciative [1] - 158:25 ago [23] - 26:5; 32:14; 45:23; 103:5; 105:15; 109:2; 218:21; 258:24 approach [6] - 15:20; 16:2; 46:4; 52:2, 11; 54:4; 57:15; 138:20; 234:15 announcements [1] - 105:25 18:13; 19:3; 42:6; 112:16 95:4; 97:3; 100:14; 134:2; allowance [1] - 151:8 annual [1] - 124:9 approaching [1] - 107:1 140:2; 143:25; 144:16; allowed [10] - 50:13; 56:21; annualised [1] - 165:5 appropriate [7] - 9:5; 18:7; 146:3; 167:6; 168:14; 110:6, 17, 19; 116:24; annually [2] - 68:25; 228:18 19:2; 39:14; 102:8; 169:15; 177:15; 178:20; 242:6 128:18; 156:24; 157:1; answer [15] - 27:7; 38:9; 172:23 agree [7] - 32:15; 62:10; 235:11 71:21; 74:15; 78:5, 9; 79:5, approval [3] - 68:23; 103:22; 76:2; 135:21; 215:13; allowing [6] - 82:20; 136:12; 12; 158:22; 161:11; 159:7 227:20 159:14; 179:20; 224:10; 175:21; 225:22; 235:24; approve [1] - 64:2 agreement [12] - 28:19; 240:9 243:18 approved [2] - 161:24; 31:16; 133:5; 154:11, 13; allows [2] - 145:7; 188:5 answered [1] - 118:19 259:12 217:21, 23; 223:11; 258:6, alluding [1] - 71:7 answering [1] - 175:25 apricots [2] - 131:13; 200:24 9, 12, 18 alluvial [6] - 4:5; 77:2, 11; answers [1] - 226:23 April [1] - 68:23 agreements [5] - 117:11; 186:22; 188:1, 3 anticipate [1] - 232:4 aquifers [1] - 192:21 224:21; 258:2, 5 alone [6] - 32:24; 161:18; anticipated [1] - 17:10 archives [1] - 88:13 Agricultural [3] - 128:23; 162:3; 190:4; 222:3 antler [2] - 85:24; 87:6 Ardill's [1] - 87:8 178:22; 180:23 alphabet [1] - 75:5 anxiously [1] - 243:3 area [47] - 10:20; 17:15; agricultural [45] - 17:19; altered [3] - 41:6; 61:13; anyhow [2] - 67:22; 227:18 18:25; 29:16; 47:12; 52:24; 19:23; 76:12, 14, 17; 79:16 Anyhow [1] - 71:5 63:13; 84:11; 87:19; 97:12, 81:11, 17, 23; 120:20; alternate [5] - 117:18; 123:9; anyway [5] - 103:10; 155:12; 24; 98:3; 103:16, 21; 121:21; 125:4; 126:20, 24; 124:15; 208:5 182:4; 186:14; 236:5 105:1; 107:12; 110:23; 129:23; 130:1, 15, 24-25; alternative [8] - 4:11; 57:3; apex [1] - 191:19 111:5, 22; 112:3, 22; 131:7; 134:22; 136:12; 117:20; 124:22; 128:11; apiaries [1] - 230:24 113:4, 8, 11, 13-14, 20; 140:11; 163:23; 164:7, 14, 166:11; 241:22; 259:22 apologize [6] - 8:7; 165:14; 141:15; 142:8; 143:17-19; 24; 166:2, 9; 186:15, 19; alternatives [9] - 94:13; 175:11; 215:6; 236:6; 145:8; 148:17; 155:7; 187:24; 189:4; 197:9; 105:16; 114:1; 152:4, 238:12 168:22; 184:17; 187:5, 24; 205:8; 207:1; 255:22; 15-16; 153:15; 177:21 appalled [1] - 134:25 193:7; 205:18; 215:7; 256:24; 257:1, 7, 15, alternators [1] - 96:1 appear [5] - 8:8; 113:23; 219:16; 220:25; 235:4; 17-18, 20-21, 24 altruistic [1] - 169:1 114:13; 156:25; 255:20 250:10 agriculturally [1] - 134:3 Alwin [1] - 220:16 APPEARANCES [1] - 2:1 areas [28] - 25:25; 31:3; 83:4; Agriculture [1] - 121:6 amalgamated [1] - 175:16 appeared [1] - 235:17 86:25; 105:10; 107:18; agriculture [17] - 63:13; 110:25; 113:16, 18; 116:4, America [6] - 40:12; 41:4; appearing [1] - 216:24 120:18; 121:12, 24; 123:2; 22; 144:2; 147:24; 155:20; 47:13; 74:17; 192:13; Appendix [2] - 10:14; 11:22 124:17; 126:6; 129:5; 178:9, 11; 183:22; 186:24; 221:19 applaud [1] - 217:11 134:5; 136:17; 137:3; 187:6; 190:9; 192:18; American [4] - 96:24; 97:7; applause [1] - 118:5 145:13; 150:12; 191:20; 193:6; 214:6; 229:16; 106:5; 193:7 Applause [3] - 101:25; 118:2; 219:22; 226:2; 257:2 255:19, 21; 256:17; 257:3 amortized [1] - 48:3 138:18 agriculture-producing [2] - argue [4] - 73:3; 93:18; amount [21] - 70:16; 72:23, apple [2] - 137:6; 138:24 124:17; 136:17 191:9; 222:12

Mainland Reporting Services Inc. 604.520.3838 [email protected] 4

argued [1] - 170:8 assured [1] - 56:1 15; 222:18; 224:1; 229:12; 63:11; 64:10; 65:7, 24; argument [1] - 222:18 asthma [1] - 133:10 253:25; 257:8; 260:17 67:18; 71:9, 18; 73:6, 12, arguments [1] - 248:13 astronomical [2] - 226:9; awareness [1] - 99:12 14; 76:20; 77:8, 24; 78:6, Arlene [3] - 99:20; 100:10; 249:14 awful [1] - 184:9 8; 80:17; 91:5; 98:4, 10; 101:4 astute [1] - 169:18 99:12; 102:9, 16; 103:19; Arlene's [1] - 99:22 astutely [1] - 222:18 B 104:10-13, 21; 105:13, 16; arm's [2] - 63:24; 65:6 AT [1] - 1:12 106:12, 24; 107:9, 16; arms [1] - 249:3 atmosphere [2] - 42:17; 108:10; 109:8, 22, 25; B-e-l-a-k [1] - 243:21 array [3] - 24:21; 27:17; 44:10 110:12, 22; 111:1, 9, 11, back-up [1] - 117:24 168:23 attached [2] - 105:6; 111:17 24; 112:4, 8; 113:5, 13; backbone [2] - 25:1; 29:8 arrival [1] - 243:4 Attachie [1] - 100:21 114:14, 18; 115:21, 24; backed [1] - 169:12 arrived [2] - 219:15; 233:23 attempt [1] - 126:13 116:4, 23; 117:23; 121:4; background [5] - 103:20; 122:4; 123:12; 125:7, 19, arrow [2] - 148:20 attempted [1] - 103:6 104:4; 141:9; 142:4; 244:8 21, 24; 126:3; 127:11; art [1] - 99:11 attend [1] - 22:25 backpacking [1] - 91:6 128:6, 8, 10; 129:4, 6; ARTHUR [5] - 70:20, 23; attendance [1] - 217:1 backs [1] - 169:3 130:2, 8; 132:4, 7; 134:4; 71:4; 227:8, 10 attended [3] - 99:9; 124:9; backyard [3] - 163:6; 184:3 135:3; 136:14, 21; 141:6, Arthur [6] - 70:21; 71:2, 24; 128:14 bacon [1] - 134:10 16-18; 145:2; 146:4; 148:5; 227:6, 9 attendees [1] - 128:19 bad [3] - 142:25; 167:24; 149:14; 152:5, 11; 153:9; article [2] - 68:11, 19 attention [1] - 240:18 194:6 156:7, 18, 22, 25; 159:8; artifact [1] - 159:22 attitude [1] - 13:22 bags [1] - 202:13 161:12; 162:24; 163:11, arts [3] - 64:13; 191:25; attractive [1] - 142:21 bailed [1] - 179:24 17; 164:14, 19; 165:3, 15; 252:5 attracts [1] - 14:16 bails [1] - 202:15 166:14, 16, 25; 167:3, ashes [1] - 101:8 attribute [1] - 217:9 bake [1] - 73:15 12-13; 169:19; 170:10, 15, Asia [3] - 42:16; 74:25; 133:3 attributed [1] - 112:23 balance [7] - 41:14; 47:14; 21; 171:4; 172:13, 15-16, aside [6] - 115:6; 146:11; attrition [1] - 100:5 51:20; 70:11; 147:6; 22; 173:23; 174:5; 175:16; 153:16; 168:22; 203:12; auctions [1] - 99:11 159:10 177:15; 178:17; 179:19; 218:24 audience [1] - 118:4 balanced [1] - 50:16 180:24; 182:13; 183:11; aspect [1] - 67:10 Audio [1] - 2:18 ballast [1] - 113:9 184:10, 13, 21; 187:5, 10, aspects [2] - 24:18; 181:18 audio [1] - 5:20 balsam [1] - 86:13 12; 189:8, 25; 190:1, 11, asserted [3] - 6:18, 23; 164:3 audio-visual [1] - 5:20 bank [4] - 85:23; 86:22; 13; 191:11; 193:6; assess [1] - 6:2 AUDIO/SOUND [1] - 2:17 99:10; 148:12 196:22-24; 197:7, 15-16, ASSESSMENT [2] - 1:6, 8 Auditor [1] - 156:15 bankers [1] - 165:11 19; 198:9, 16, 21; 205:9, assessment [11] - 7:10; Australia [1] - 156:16 16, 19, 22; 206:24; banks [5] - 85:6; 101:6; 19:11, 17; 105:15; 216:15; authoritative [1] - 82:4 115:3; 142:17; 179:3 208:3-5; 209:23; 210:5, 10, 225:8; 249:12; 257:1, 5, 17 AUTHORITY [1] - 1:4 19; 212:10; 213:22; bar [1] - 202:13 Assessment [7] - 6:6; 7:15; authority [1] - 106:25 215:11; 216:21; 219:25; Barbour [1] - 2:19 16:1; 78:23; 256:7; 258:19 authority's [1] - 165:15 223:24; 224:20, 23; 225:4, barnyard [1] - 101:12 assets [1] - 255:6 authorizations [1] - 256:8 10-11; 228:16, 25; 230:1, barrier [1] - 187:19 assigning [1] - 97:15 autobiography [1] - 216:24 3, 15, 22; 231:7; 232:19; bars [2] - 11:16; 89:21 assist [1] - 5:18 automobile [2] - 229:12; 233:8; 239:25; 240:24; base [6] - 26:17; 35:4; 43:12; assistance [1] - 241:3 250:20 244:20; 245:8; 246:14; 64:20; 122:25; 204:10 assisted [1] - 104:24 autumn [1] - 91:15 249:12; 252:6, 20; 253:25; based [13] - 16:17; 54:14; associated [9] - 10:25; 16:8; availability [3] - 97:16; 254:24; 256:4; 257:14; 58:11; 79:1, 14; 93:20; 92:20; 106:21; 122:10; 127:9; 234:25 259:2, 4; 261:10 97:16; 188:17, 23; 194:23; 133:8; 209:10; 210:7; available [23] - 7:17; 8:22; BC's [9] - 221:21; 228:20, 24; 204:20; 233:6; 257:10 258:3 14:6; 29:21; 39:5; 57:13; 229:23; 230:1, 5, 15; basic [1] - 103:16 association [9] - 94:6; 65:13; 73:9; 102:21; 110:5; 231:24; 232:5 basin [1] - 154:1 125:20; 164:15; 173:24; 114:20; 117:3; 130:1, 12; BCUC [5] - 102:22; 106:10; basis [2] - 205:16; 257:19 209:7; 228:10; 231:4; 153:14; 174:9; 175:15; 157:8; 259:15, 20 basket [2] - 128:16; 192:13 233:5; 249:19 234:12; 236:13; 247:7; BCWI [12] - 122:5, 8, 14; bathrooms [2] - 97:18, 20 Association [8] - 121:9; 256:19, 21; 258:21 123:7, 11, 15-16, 24; batteries [2] - 171:17; 245:20 142:3; 206:15; 209:8, 11; avenue [1] - 26:13 124:14, 16; 126:7; 128:23 batters [1] - 171:1 214:22; 228:8, 16 average [6] - 25:2; 56:21; Bear [9] - 83:5, 14, 20, 25; battery [1] - 232:2 assorted [1] - 146:21 58:12; 133:2; 230:11; 84:8, 16; 101:7, 14; 201:4 battle [1] - 100:6 assortment [1] - 147:2 233:7 bear [9] - 27:22; 83:19; 85:1, Bay [2] - 88:13; 191:1 assume [1] - 126:17 averaged [1] - 194:4 12; 89:4; 146:23; 177:23 BC [244] - 1:4; 2:9; 3:4, 9; assumed [2] - 115:20; avoid [1] - 8:16 bears [1] - 86:14 4:3; 5:25; 6:7; 7:7, 14, 21; 186:16 AVW [1] - 2:18 beaten [1] - 207:25 9:14, 16, 19; 10:3; 12:3, assuming [3] - 53:7; 186:21; AVW-TELAV [1] - 2:18 BEAUDET [6] - 59:20; 173:3; 15; 13:5; 18:13, 17; 26:23, 245:7 awards [1] - 63:5 174:7, 15; 206:3; 208:11 25; 27:1; 35:21; 36:9; 38:5; assurance [1] - 75:9 aware [13] - 69:17; 77:23; Beaudet [7] - 2:3; 5:16; 11:5; 42:20; 43:20; 45:14, 25; assure [1] - 7:22 135:16, 19; 218:19; 221:8, 15:4; 59:19; 92:9; 151:11 46:18; 57:13; 59:22; 62:19;

Mainland Reporting Services Inc. 604.520.3838 [email protected] 5

Beauman [1] - 109:15 106:25; 107:8, 16, 24; 201:15; 233:22; 234:9; Boudreau [1] - 105:1 beautiful [10] - 47:9; 91:18; 108:7, 19, 22; 114:15; 238:21; 246:25; 247:10; bought [2] - 205:11; 219:17 128:16; 164:4; 169:8; 169:11, 17, 21; 176:20; 250:24 bounce [1] - 30:1 183:6; 195:15; 217:3; 178:22; 179:21; 197:20; bitten [1] - 85:25 boundaries [1] - 113:6 221:1; 228:6 209:17; 211:16; 220:3; black [1] - 83:19 boundary [1] - 151:5 beauty [2] - 136:20; 217:6 234:5; 236:1; 237:12, 14, blackouts [2] - 55:3, 6 bowl [1] - 140:5 beaver [1] - 146:22 20 Blair [23] - 3:10, 24; 22:5, 10; box [1] - 152:8 became [8] - 39:2; 62:1; Bennett's [1] - 169:16 30:9; 56:3; 63:11, 21; boy [4] - 25:14; 45:14; 62:6; 134:2; 144:15; 177:14, 16; bent [1] - 95:10 66:15, 22, 24; 70:21; 185:5 236:13; 237:3 Berger [1] - 112:9 71:17; 171:18; 227:25; Boyne [2] - 193:9, 12 become [17] - 11:20; 14:17; berm [2] - 116:11 228:3, 7; 233:19; boys [1] - 248:11 24:8; 26:10; 29:4, 19; Bernier [1] - 13:10 238:16-18; 244:9; 249:8 braking [1] - 244:16 43:22; 59:9; 65:15, 18; berries [1] - 132:5 BLAIR [51] - 22:11; 39:18, branded [1] - 93:15 92:16; 93:7; 99:18; 172:4; beside [3] - 85:23; 130:13; 24; 42:22; 45:6, 17; 48:17; Branham [3] - 107:10, 21, 24 173:10; 188:7 183:23 50:15; 52:4, 7, 16; 53:22; breach [2] - 39:22; 107:16 becomes [6] - 31:19; 47:7; best [22] - 19:5; 54:14; 65:12; 56:3; 57:21; 61:3; 62:19; break [8] - 68:13; 82:8, 10; 60:5; 61:11; 96:6, 8 66:16; 74:13; 80:4; 93:14; 65:1, 8; 68:1, 6; 69:8; 160:4, 6; 185:18; 235:8; becoming [5] - 66:25; 67:9, 101:1; 103:24; 135:3; 70:22; 71:1, 22; 73:22; 253:23 11; 192:25; 243:13 136:21; 147:13; 163:12; 75:11; 77:25; 78:18; 79:9; break-up [1] - 235:8 80:2, 24; 81:13; 82:6; bedding [1] - 10:20 175:20; 189:21; 190:9; breakdown [3] - 4:10; bedrock [6] - 10:12, 17; 11:9, 194:12; 203:22, 25; 262:11 228:4; 238:17; 239:1, 5, 241:18, 21 25; 240:6, 11, 25; 241:7, 12; 113:3 better [19] - 7:5; 49:22; breaks [1] - 163:16 10, 13; 242:12; 243:17; bee [1] - 230:24 50:18; 51:11; 62:13; 65:19; Brian [2] - 2:5, 7 66:5; 69:18; 74:7; 80:18; 244:12; 245:10, 18; beer [2] - 99:11, 14 Bridget [1] - 2:10 122:7; 152:21; 198:19; 246:11; 247:21 beetles [2] - 195:23 Brief [1] - 82:10 201:17; 202:9; 245:22; blame [2] - 196:23 beforehand [1] - 62:16 brief [2] - 160:6; 219:12 253:1, 3 blessed [2] - 24:20; 217:10 began [1] - 15:24 briefly [2] - 29:12; 33:13 better-paid [1] - 7:5 block [3] - 233:23; 234:4; begin [4] - 22:20; 23:2; 40:3; bright [1] - 22:23 between [16] - 20:7; 32:16; 235:4 253:19 bring [15] - 22:14, 25; 23:10; 41:3; 44:21; 51:20; 92:10; bloom [1] - 250:6 beginning [1] - 225:15 27:9; 33:3; 34:2; 71:2; 99:6; 133:1; 148:17; 151:7; blue [4] - 52:3, 8-9, 24 behalf [4] - 79:12; 141:3; 135:7, 10; 172:21; 178:5, 193:8; 212:2; 218:14; blueberries [5] - 164:19; 209:6; 228:24 10, 12; 199:22; 205:17 225:1; 254:24 173:12; 193:25; 200:25 behaviour [1] - 8:9 bringing [1] - 118:16 beyond [5] - 79:6; 114:25; blueberry [4] - 4:8; 164:15; behind [7] - 39:9; 98:1; brings [1] - 34:9 128:7; 154:8; 229:21 173:23; 174:21 145:5; 227:5; 250:2; BRITISH [2] - 1:3, 8 bias [1] - 105:17 bluff [1] - 143:5 252:24; 253:5 British [81] - 1:24; 3:14; 5:2; big [10] - 29:3; 58:17; 87:24; board [2] - 44:17; 57:24 BELAK [9] - 63:1; 65:2; 19:16; 23:21; 24:7, 12, 22; 101:23; 139:16; 171:2; Board [2] - 141:17; 216:12 66:21; 89:17; 243:21; 26:2, 9; 27:14, 18, 23; 182:2; 196:13; 222:14; 244:7, 23; 245:1; 248:1 boat [20] - 87:5; 92:23; 28:2, 11; 29:14; 30:4; 232:8 Belak [5] - 63:2; 89:17; 104:20; 105:22; 108:23-25; 31:23; 32:7, 9; 33:16; bigger [2] - 213:20; 251:23 243:21; 247:25; 248:4 109:5, 11, 13, 23; 115:2; 37:13, 19; 38:14; 40:10; believer [1] - 66:2 biggest [2] - 162:15; 168:5 220:21, 23; 256:13, 16, 21 42:3, 13; 43:3; 44:10; 49:1; believes [1] - 96:16 Bill [3] - 82:15; 169:16; boaters [1] - 222:1 50:11, 17; 55:4, 8; 56:10, below [7] - 20:25; 108:9, 21; 178:21 boating [1] - 92:6 20; 58:2; 68:4; 74:25; 123:13; 127:16; 156:8; bill [1] - 179:15 boats [3] - 109:2; 179:23 80:12, 15; 90:21; 91:17; 245:16 billion [12] - 105:19; 113:24; body [2] - 65:6; 153:17 97:8; 98:7, 17, 19; 120:4, bemoan [1] - 200:15 165:1, 8, 22, 25; 180:7; bone [1] - 133:10 12; 121:2, 7-8; 122:4, 9, bemused [1] - 95:12 226:6; 228:19; 233:3 bonus [1] - 221:25 18-19; 123:3, 19; 124:8; benefactors [1] - 194:14 billionaires [1] - 96:16 book [7] - 122:17; 162:8; 125:6, 15; 127:6; 129:24; beneficial [2] - 24:19; 37:12 binders [1] - 103:7 180:18; 184:10, 13, 18; 136:1, 15; 151:19; 216:13; benefit [11] - 13:16; 18:19; biodiversity [1] - 67:7 185:9 217:2; 222:6; 228:9; 23:18; 162:13; 165:23-25; biologist [1] - 95:16 books [1] - 171:21 229:17; 231:6, 11, 17; 166:4; 222:15; 229:11; Birch [1] - 215:7 boom [1] - 91:8 237:7; 240:15, 20; 242:13, 238:6 bird [1] - 143:9 Boon [1] - 99:20 16; 262:4 benefited [1] - 238:5 birds [1] - 143:10 border [1] - 46:15 broad [1] - 14:10 benefits [17] - 13:25; 18:2; birthing [1] - 86:25 born [2] - 76:8; 139:25 broke [1] - 144:22 23:24; 25:24; 31:9; 33:5; bit [32] - 12:23; 25:10; 32:5; borrow [1] - 97:13 broken [1] - 85:24 34:21; 47:13; 165:19; 39:8; 42:20; 43:7, 10; 53:3; borrowed [4] - 129:8; bronchitis [1] - 133:10 209:22; 211:5; 212:12, 16; 57:6; 59:25; 60:5; 61:1; 165:10, 22, 25 brother [1] - 248:25 222:3; 231:16; 232:21; 75:23; 87:23; 89:3; 102:15; borrower [1] - 157:17 brother's [1] - 248:19 233:14 139:13; 140:16; 148:21; bottled [1] - 63:16 brothers [1] - 64:9 Bennett [32] - 11:8; 25:14; 151:5; 153:21; 176:23; bottom [3] - 55:23; 163:13; brought [13] - 28:9; 33:23; 56:25; 64:9; 91:22; 97:11; 194:1; 198:15; 200:4; 168:9

Mainland Reporting Services Inc. 604.520.3838 [email protected] 6

34:1, 12; 60:1; 70:17; buying [5] - 123:23; 148:6; 126:17; 131:2; 132:11; catching [1] - 85:21 79:14; 128:16; 135:9; 150:25; 237:12; 251:21 136:16, 21; 137:10; categories [4] - 104:25; 139:19; 151:25; 220:9; BY [1] - 1:3 169:12; 200:1, 23 110:24; 113:5 236:7 canoe [1] - 190:22 category [1] - 122:10 brush [1] - 51:10 C cans [2] - 99:11, 14 cattle [1] - 87:8 brushed [2] - 146:11; 153:15 Canuck [1] - 216:10 caught [2] - 53:8; 220:17 bucks [1] - 182:10 canyon [1] - 109:17 causes [1] - 135:14 C-o-p-e-s [1] - 120:11 budget [4] - 153:5; 227:11, Canyon [4] - 11:14; 91:23; causing [1] - 165:14 C-u-l-l-i-n-g [2] - 68:18; 15 109:12; 220:22 caution [1] - 97:15 90:15 buds [1] - 86:16 capability [9] - 17:20; 43:16; cautions [1] - 97:1 cabbages [1] - 132:11 buffalo [1] - 84:12 144:8; 159:23; 163:24; cement [1] - 236:2 cabinet [8] - 39:6, 22; 60:21; build [28] - 30:12; 33:4; 37:5; 164:9; 257:1, 19, 21 census [1] - 210:10 61:7; 66:19; 81:10, 14; 42:8; 48:6; 97:8; 166:12; capable [4] - 135:6; 145:10; cent [1] - 171:17 167:15 169:20; 178:3; 181:16; 188:12; 191:25 central [2] - 187:6, 11 Cache [1] - 220:21 182:2, 10; 183:9, 23; capacity [17] - 42:8; 43:11; centralizing [1] - 64:18 cactus [2] - 87:20; 168:2 184:11; 200:16; 204:16, 48:22; 53:2; 121:22; centre [3] - 63:15; 223:15; cafe [1] - 239:11 23; 207:2, 4; 208:3; 129:22; 130:8; 132:3, 15, 252:5 calculation [6] - 4:7; 41:24; 215:11; 222:7; 225:5; 17; 140:21; 141:25; cents [3] - 106:2, 4; 193:23 174:2, 8, 12, 19 234:8; 237:14; 238:7 161:25; 162:1; 184:15; centuries [1] - 192:6 calculations [2] - 54:14; builders [1] - 234:7 191:7; 257:16 century [1] - 95:15 56:20 building [20] - 32:8, 10; 60:4; capital [6] - 18:19; 19:21; CEO [1] - 228:8 calculator [4] - 170:25; 105:13; 122:7; 124:12; 20:10, 22; 55:13; 232:24 certain [7] - 24:18; 34:21; 171:7, 11, 16 154:24; 157:10; 166:1; capitalise [1] - 13:25 55:16, 24; 104:3; 114:3; calculators [1] - 171:1 170:8; 181:20; 206:18; capitalist [1] - 96:14 224:2 208:17; 222:16; 234:14, Calgary [1] - 117:20 capture [1] - 155:19 certainly [16] - 8:1; 25:11; California [9] - 50:3; 52:15; 17; 237:13; 247:9; 249:24; capturing [3] - 155:21; 156:3 33:18; 39:18; 41:8; 61:4; 54:23; 69:14; 131:14; 253:1 Car [8] - 228:8, 16, 24; 62:2, 11; 79:18; 95:23; 192:12; 201:18; 202:11 buildings [4] - 110:19; 229:23; 230:15; 231:3; 153:6; 155:7; 172:12; camel's [1] - 163:16 142:20; 143:5; 247:5 233:6; 261:10 258:21; 259:15; 260:8 buildings' [1] - 51:2 camp [2] - 115:2; 251:19 car [6] - 228:17; 229:3, 16; certainty [3] - 205:15; 207:7 builds [1] - 239:12 Campagnolo [1] - 122:18 230:18; 233:11; 250:20 certificate [2] - 256:7; 259:18 built [29] - 18:19; 43:16; campaign [3] - 123:25; carbon [12] - 39:13; 40:5; certificates [1] - 64:14 95:17, 25; 115:7; 151:17; 124:2; 218:20 41:6, 12, 24; 42:13; CERTIFICATION [1] - 262:1 153:24; 155:5; 156:3; campaigns [1] - 99:12 155:20; 156:3; 178:3, 14; certify [1] - 262:5 169:3; 176:18, 22; 179:9; Campbell [2] - 37:23; 40:8 197:11; 227:11 cetera [7] - 19:1; 60:15; 181:1; 182:6, 18-19; 183:9; campground [1] - 109:19 care [6] - 21:20; 182:4; 208:10; 239:22; 247:6; 187:25; 188:20; 197:20; camping [1] - 220:16 202:11; 218:4; 219:2; 258:16; 260:14 213:8; 217:15; 225:9; camps [1] - 220:13 226:8 CEV [2] - 231:6; 246:13 237:16; 239:7, 9 campsite [2] - 109:13; careful [1] - 53:14 chain [1] - 203:10 Bumstead [1] - 13:10 113:11 Carmon [1] - 68:21 chair [3] - 9:4; 216:14; bunch [1] - 229:3 campsites [1] - 109:23 carpenters [1] - 14:12 249:12 burn [2] - 49:13, 18 campuses [1] - 14:14 carrot [2] - 195:21 Chair [19] - 10:4, 11; 15:2; burned [2] - 42:16; 180:1 CANADA [1] - 1:6 carrots [4] - 132:10; 202:14, 22:11; 37:17; 38:8; 39:18; [4] Canada [30] - 7:8; 16:19; burning - 44:6; 49:19; 17, 21 59:20; 63:20; 66:23; 71:7; 19:11, 16; 102:12; 104:8; 75:13, 22 carry [5] - 12:1; 45:2; 117:3; 78:19; 79:10, 21; 119:14; [1] 121:5; 122:15; 125:12, 19; burnt - 109:9 199:18; 222:25 173:3; 206:3; 248:3; 126:22; 129:11; 136:15; Burrard [1] - 48:13 cars [6] - 239:19; 240:10; 253:14 bursary [1] - 14:21 168:2, 6; 179:10; 201:20, 243:22, 24; 244:10; 245:7 chaired [3] - 104:22; 141:21, 22; 202:20; 214:8; 217:8; Busch [1] - 99:17 carton [1] - 134:10 25 219:24; 221:19; 232:17; bush [1] - 148:1 case [24] - 17:9; 20:19; 22:4; CHAIRMAN [110] - 5:6; 236:8; 237:8; 239:8, 14; business [21] - 12:25; 13:3, 24:13; 25:7; 26:22; 27:3; 11:25; 21:5, 20; 22:2; 252:21; 262:5 19, 22; 14:24; 19:2; 73:2; 29:22; 46:21; 49:24; 51:14; 38:19; 39:23; 41:18; 44:22; Canadian [8] - 6:6; 44:12; 76:7; 159:6; 171:12, 24; 57:2; 72:14; 81:8; 160:3; 45:7; 47:18; 50:2; 52:1, 6, 73:9; 78:22; 106:1; 131:20; 196:19; 199:15; 202:4; 185:14; 191:15; 192:11; 8, 18; 55:23; 56:11; 59:18; 142:2; 214:21 207:7; 218:14, 17; 228:12; 208:18; 221:13; 225:20; 62:14, 22; 67:24; 68:2, 8, Canadians [2] - 127:6; 234:18 226:14; 227:1; 244:25 15; 70:19; 71:13; 72:19; 192:15 businesses [5] - 13:16, 24; cases [2] - 189:1; 195:10 73:17; 76:5; 77:3, 13; 164:25; 214:18; 221:23 cancel [2] - 123:12; 136:10 cash [1] - 18:1 78:21; 79:5; 81:5; 82:1, 7, busy [2] - 91:7; 100:23 cancelled [1] - 180:22 Cassiar [1] - 20:3 12; 84:5; 89:10, 14; 90:9; buy [13] - 45:5; 46:11, 19; cancer [2] - 100:16; 101:3 casually [1] - 116:16 102:1, 18, 23, 25; 118:3, 58:23; 80:6; 125:7, 21; candles [1] - 95:14 cat [2] - 182:1; 183:7 14, 18; 119:7, 11, 21; 136:21; 165:10; 182:9; cannot [15] - 6:22; 7:2; 8:5; catalogues [1] - 131:20 120:1; 138:19; 139:1; 183:10; 239:24; 240:21 114:25; 115:3; 117:3; catch [2] - 30:6; 146:1 140:13; 159:15, 25; 160:8;

Mainland Reporting Services Inc. 604.520.3838 [email protected] 7

172:7, 25; 174:23; 175:3, chequebook [1] - 114:14 CLEAN [1] - 1:2 172:14, 18; 259:25 6, 20; 176:2, 7; 184:24; Chetwynd [3] - 26:3; 32:25; Clean [13] - 33:23; 34:11; collaboratively [1] - 34:5 185:3, 7, 10, 21; 186:8; 224:5 39:2; 50:6; 70:24; 71:18; collapse [1] - 213:9 202:23; 203:2; 205:23; Cheywynd [1] - 222:24 79:22; 80:19, 21; 105:13; collateral [1] - 162:1 206:1; 208:23; 209:3; chief [3] - 12:18; 88:19; 154:19; 255:16 colleague [1] - 62:14 212:20; 213:15; 214:10; 100:21 cleanest [4] - 44:6; 49:19; colleagues [4] - 5:16; 34:5; 215:16, 20; 224:13; child [1] - 252:20 75:13, 21 56:13; 212:21 225:19; 226:24; 227:4, 21, children [9] - 129:9; 134:3; cleaning [1] - 252:16 collection [1] - 109:9 24; 238:9; 240:2, 7, 22; 199:12; 210:17, 22; 218:5; cleansed [1] - 188:6 collector [1] - 168:22 241:3, 8, 12, 19, 25; 242:8; 248:22; 252:19; 253:2 clear [8] - 23:2; 27:13; 39:2; college [2] - 14:15, 20 243:9, 20; 244:6, 24; Chimaru [1] - 88:19 58:20; 65:24; 66:10; Colorado [2] - 192:21; 245:3, 25; 247:19, 23; chin [1] - 88:24 122:21; 168:6 251:17 253:8; 261:15 choice [2] - 75:20; 255:11 cleared [2] - 143:18; 179:7 colour [2] - 86:20; 218:2 chairman [2] - 228:10; choices [5] - 39:4, 14; 82:4; clearing [1] - 179:4 COLUMBIA [2] - 1:3, 8 233:15 150:11; 152:7 clearly [4] - 35:25; 45:4; Columbia [58] - 1:24; 5:2; Chairman [27] - 2:3; 3:3; 5:5; choose [9] - 14:6; 34:14; 58:8; 91:18 19:16; 24:7, 12, 22; 26:2; 26:19; 30:8; 34:24; 42:22; 50:14; 99:6; 114:17; clients [1] - 105:5 27:14, 18, 23; 28:11; 48:17; 52:17; 53:22; 61:12; 129:14; 155:14; 168:25 climate [7] - 126:15; 128:3; 31:24; 32:9; 33:16; 38:14; 68:7, 9; 70:20; 77:15; choosing [1] - 20:17 132:2, 12; 144:8; 195:16; 40:10; 42:3, 13; 43:3; 78:10; 81:13, 25; 82:6, 19; Chris [1] - 109:15 236:24 44:11; 45:12; 49:1; 50:11, 90:16; 141:1; 160:14; Christmas [1] - 121:16 climates [2] - 131:22; 245:24 17; 55:5; 56:10, 20; 58:2; 172:12; 233:20; 242:4; chronic [2] - 133:9 climb [1] - 85:3 68:4; 74:25; 80:13, 15; 261:14 chump [1] - 162:3 climbed [1] - 144:20 91:17; 97:8; 121:2, 7-8; challenge [3] - 40:13, 15; chunk [4] - 168:18; 201:8; close [5] - 7:16; 37:19; 122:9, 18, 20; 123:19; 239:5 240:5 168:9; 203:3; 217:24 124:8; 125:6, 16; 129:24; challenged [1] - 179:1 chunks [1] - 168:7 closing [5] - 119:13, 16, 20; 136:2, 15; 209:23; 216:14; challenges [6] - 93:2; 94:10, circuit [1] - 91:6 129:10; 253:13 222:6; 228:9; 231:6, 11, 12; 97:2; 253:21; 254:21 circumstance [2] - 71:24; Closing [1] - 3:25 17; 237:7; 240:15, 20; chamber [1] - 13:18 72:9 closure [1] - 116:3 262:4 Chamber [1] - 216:19 circumstances [3] - 42:18; cloud [1] - 98:22 Columbia's [7] - 3:14; 90:21; chance [3] - 100:24; 253:22; 57:5; 140:6 clouds [1] - 87:25 120:4, 12; 122:4; 123:3; 260:18 cite [1] - 189:16 clover [2] - 89:21, 24 229:17 chances [1] - 236:20 cited [2] - 172:9; 255:19 club [3] - 216:8 Columbian [4] - 28:3; 29:15; change [8] - 54:3; 57:16; cities [2] - 137:22; 224:3 clue [2] - 184:5; 205:17 37:20; 55:8 61:15; 126:15; 150:10; citizen [1] - 93:17 Co [2] - 2:7 Columbians [14] - 23:21; 154:22; 162:3; 250:16 26:9; 30:5; 32:8; 37:13; citizens [2] - 91:18; 231:16 co [6] - 68:25; 104:22; changed [6] - 11:8, 14; 43:5; 98:8, 18-19; 127:6; city [14] - 13:9; 62:21; 63:2, 141:25; 201:25; 202:21; 30:16; 32:1; 54:10; 154:17 4; 65:14; 130:14; 191:22; 251:2 151:19; 217:3; 242:13, 16 changers [1] - 94:21 216:7; 217:23; 248:6, 17; co-chaired [2] - 104:22; column [2] - 92:18; 242:25 changes [3] - 58:16; 154:18; 249:18; 251:6 141:25 combination [2] - 191:4; 259:2 192:9 City [1] - 219:15 co-gen [1] - 68:25 changing [2] - 57:5; 89:24 combine [1] - 144:6 civilization [1] - 191:18 Co-Manager [2] - 2:7 channels [1] - 84:23 combined [4] - 34:11; 48:21; Clara [1] - 83:21 co-op [3] - 201:25; 202:21; chapter [2] - 15:18; 175:22 143:25; 144:1 clarify [2] - 11:5; 256:15 251:2 characterized [1] - 93:11 combining [1] - 232:7 class [2] - 54:9; 145:19 coal [13] - 10:7, 11, 16, 18, charge [2] - 40:8; 109:16 coming [7] - 22:6; 32:21; Class [4] - 127:25; 130:15; 24; 11:1; 44:8; 46:12; charged [2] - 243:25; 244:10 132:16, 23 49:15; 75:1, 10; 178:9; 69:4; 82:3; 191:8; 236:20; charging [3] - 232:3; 244:17; 243:8 classes [1] - 157:9 226:1 246:22 commenced [1] - 5:3 Classroom [1] - 121:7 coal-fired [2] - 44:8; 46:12 chart [7] - 44:23; 47:21, 24; comment [7] - 3:8; 10:3; classroom [4] - 121:25; coalition [2] - 166:17; 172:15 52:12, 19, 25; 54:1 15:18; 39:17; 118:21; 134:5; 137:3; 237:5 coarse [1] - 188:4 chased [2] - 182:24; 183:1 156:16; 242:5 classrooms [2] - 134:6, 15 Coast [2] - 177:15 cheap [1] - 126:18 commentary [1] - 159:22 clauses [3] - 149:16, 25; coast [5] - 88:14; 187:20; cheaper [3] - 69:6; 117:20; [22] 258:15 195:18; 225:6; 245:9 comments - 5:23; 9:3, 9, 131:13 17; 21:6; 22:3; 23:10; clay [3] - 10:21; 188:17, 23 cobs [1] - 144:21 cheapest [1] - 154:3 26:20; 66:24; 79:7; 119:8; clay-based [2] - 188:17, 23 cocaine [1] - 250:16 check [5] - 84:5; 102:20, 124:10; 140:17; 152:2, 18; Clayhurst [3] - 190:7, 11 coded [1] - 202:13 22-23; 111:4 169:9, 12; 170:3; 213:3; clean [17] - 29:10; 30:3; coffers [1] - 226:7 checked [2] - 164:14; 227:15 228:15; 242:13; 243:2 34:12, 19; 42:12; 43:18; cold [1] - 66:12 checking [1] - 110:1 commerce [1] - 13:18 44:3; 221:24; 229:14; Coleman [1] - 154:25 Cheesman [1] - 132:7 Commerce [1] - 216:19 231:5, 9-10, 12, 19; 243:4; collaborative [8] - 62:11; commercial [4] - 12:18; chemotherapy [1] - 100:15 246:13; 252:16 162:18; 166:18, 22; 167:6; cheque [2] - 170:16 19:23; 255:2; 257:8

Mainland Reporting Services Inc. 604.520.3838 [email protected] 8

commercialization [1] - completion [2] - 104:24; connected [1] - 126:9 consumed [1] - 127:11 232:1 117:6 connection [1] - 90:21 consumer [1] - 232:2 commercially [2] - 146:6; complex [2] - 191:22, 25 connections [2] - 225:1 consumers [4] - 125:17, 22; 156:1 complexes [1] - 84:9 cons [4] - 66:7; 176:25; 127:13; 232:10 Commission [16] - 17:22; component [2] - 68:24; 221:12, 16 consuming [2] - 52:13; 53:4 65:25; 68:5; 71:9, 18; 73:6; 108:20 conscious [2] - 243:12, 14 consumption [2] - 52:9; 128:24; 132:8; 153:9; components [1] - 254:1 consequences [1] - 44:20 230:18 161:13; 166:15; 167:13; composed [1] - 186:22 consequently [1] - 210:19 contacted [2] - 88:12; 153:8 171:5; 183:12 compounded [1] - 158:6 conservation [33] - 50:4, 17, contains [1] - 225:15 commission [9] - 15:17; comprehending [1] - 74:3 25; 51:9, 11, 17, 21; 79:21, contaminate [1] - 237:25 17:4; 63:25; 65:6, 23; comprehensive [2] - 16:6; 23; 80:6, 8, 12, 21; 94:24; contamination [1] - 11:3 67:13; 120:20; 121:21; 153:2 95:6, 9; 139:3; 162:18; contemplate [1] - 150:25 123:12 compress [1] - 42:14 166:5, 10, 19, 21; 167:7, 9; contemplated [2] - 162:6; commissioner [1] - 120:19 compression [2] - 56:17; 172:10, 13; 255:8, 14; 261:4 commitment [1] - 207:4 177:11 259:25; 260:1, 16, 21 contend [1] - 195:13 Committee [3] - 156:21; comprising [1] - 84:10 conservative [1] - 167:2 contended [1] - 156:9 260:1 compromised [1] - 71:8 conservatory [1] - 129:11 content [1] - 149:6 committee [7] - 13:12; 89:20; compute [1] - 155:13 conserving [1] - 181:4 context [8] - 15:19; 19:8; 141:19; 142:1; 216:17; computer [1] - 171:21 consider [6] - 15:6; 33:15; 20:9, 16; 23:9; 24:4; 50:16; 220:20, 24 comrades [1] - 99:19 97:3; 100:1; 152:25; 260:6 60:1 common [2] - 86:19; 224:7 concentrate [2] - 67:16 consideration [6] - 24:9; continent [1] - 193:7 communicators [1] - 59:8 concentrated [2] - 67:9, 12 36:24; 42:23; 79:25; continually [1] - 222:20 communities [6] - 19:13; concentration [1] - 64:23 114:12; 205:3 continue [23] - 16:10; 17:15, 64:20; 203:18; 211:17; concept [5] - 65:5; 80:6; considerations [1] - 260:10 18; 20:21; 23:22, 25; 228:22; 250:6 97:14; 249:9; 258:13 considered [8] - 19:21; 28:12; 36:3; 37:16; 47:10; community [23] - 13:3, 7, 14, concepts [1] - 162:16 21:13; 79:23; 80:20; 94:20; 53:18; 54:12; 125:9; 17; 14:2, 16, 24; 17:9; concern [8] - 105:10, 12; 112:3; 257:3; 260:11 127:21; 163:9; 209:21; 20:19; 168:24; 182:23; 107:4, 13; 110:22; 113:22; considering [2] - 6:14; 218:9; 222:25; 223:12; 194:18; 207:7; 210:13; 117:1; 256:2 212:16 224:8; 232:11; 242:21 216:6, 23; 219:13; 228:13; concerned [6] - 8:10; considers [1] - 259:9 continued [2] - 17:21; 250:18; 251:20; 252:2, 4 124:12, 16; 152:15; consistency [1] - 211:7 209:24 commutes [1] - 242:18 205:12; 249:10 consistent [4] - 6:5; 132:2; continues [3] - 115:16; companies [5] - 94:7; concerning [3] - 78:14; 209:15; 257:12 130:4; 242:20 141:24; 177:17; 224:1; 108:6; 206:17 consists [1] - 90:19 continuing [2] - 18:16; 70:1 254:5 concerns [9] - 6:1; 96:5; constantly [1] - 250:19 continuous [4] - 188:5; companion [1] - 144:15 103:16; 105:11; 108:14; constrained [4] - 38:25; 189:9; 191:2; 192:14 companions [1] - 144:17 121:14; 124:11; 128:25; 57:8; 78:21; 152:13 continuously [1] - 188:2 Company [2] - 216:21; 220:1 248:19 constrains [1] - 57:12 contract [3] - 120:16; company [3] - 63:14; 75:12; concerted [1] - 33:3 constraints [1] - 39:9 170:13; 197:25 177:17 conclude [1] - 90:25 constructed [4] - 109:14; contracted [1] - 197:18 compared [6] - 98:3; 113:25; concluded [2] - 145:13; 115:3; 117:7; 211:16 contracting [1] - 201:6 196:3, 8-9; 200:13 168:14 construction [33] - 13:23; contractors [1] - 14:6 comparison [1] - 153:2 concludes [1] - 159:13 14:11; 31:12; 91:22; contractual [1] - 117:12 comparisons [2] - 30:2; concluding [1] - 19:7 109:17; 113:8, 10; 114:24; contrast [2] - 20:7; 93:20 105:17 conclusion [4] - 117:14; 123:5; 136:3; 155:16; contribute [3] - 31:24; 94:12; compelling [1] - 94:3 121:25; 131:3; 136:1 197:21; 209:12; 211:2; 218:9 compensate [1] - 224:3 conclusions [1] - 6:3 218:13; 220:3-6; 223:17, contributor [1] - 228:13 compensated [2] - 18:21; concrete [1] - 246:7 19; 224:1; 232:14, 19, 23; control [1] - 127:9 20:24 condition [3] - 159:20; 256:6 233:2; 234:24; 235:3; controlled [1] - 10:20 compensating [1] - 19:18 conditions [2] - 133:9; 204:6 236:11; 256:13, 16, 20, 22 controller [2] - 109:14, 20 compensation [15] - 17:20, condominiums [1] - 247:5 consult [2] - 6:25; 7:1 controls [1] - 234:13 23; 18:1, 3, 6, 17, 24; 19:3; conduct [1] - 7:9 consultant [1] - 105:3 convener [2] - 120:18; 126:7 106:11, 13; 110:3; 211:20, conducted [2] - 98:10; 260:2 consultants [2] - 172:19; convenience [1] - 259:19 22; 223:14; 257:24 conference [1] - 155:1 257:8 convergence [1] - 94:20 competence [1] - 68:4 confidence [2] - 240:13; Consultation [1] - 111:2 conversation [3] - 63:10, 16; competitive [1] - 166:24 247:12 consultation [9] - 12:24; 67:2 competitors [1] - 196:7 confidences [1] - 39:7 13:2, 8, 14; 99:9; 123:23; conversions [2] - 239:16, 19 complete [3] - 105:24; 147:4; confident [5] - 13:22; 31:10; 259:8 conveyor [1] - 220:7 262:10 61:25; 224:6; 247:16 consultative [2] - 122:13; convince [1] - 166:17 completed [4] - 114:25; 128:8 confidentiality [3] - 8:15; convinced [2] - 172:16; 116:6; 117:4, 13 39:22; 81:15 consulting [1] - 121:11 222:3 completely [3] - 20:20; 64:5; confluence [1] - 83:17 consume [1] - 127:14 cool [1] - 42:15 66:25

Mainland Reporting Services Inc. 604.520.3838 [email protected] 9

cooling [1] - 56:18 259:23; 260:25 Cross [1] - 140:1 106:6; 107:2, 23; 108:8, Copes [4] - 3:15; 120:2, 5, 11 courage [1] - 217:13 cross [5] - 14:11; 52:22; 12, 17; 109:12, 17; 111:24; COPES [4] - 120:10; 136:1; course [10] - 33:7; 53:13; 89:22; 148:16; 157:8 118:9; 119:18; 121:15; 138:15, 17 135:9; 142:20, 22; 190:21; cross-section [1] - 14:11 123:5, 21; 124:13; 128:10; copies [2] - 103:6; 149:13 193:21; 239:17; 244:16 crossed [2] - 116:13; 168:8 134:25; 136:3; 150:16; copy [12] - 76:16; 102:10, 16, court [3] - 5:20; 8:19; 9:1 crossing [2] - 87:3; 90:6 162:11; 165:19; 176:15; 18, 21; 107:22, 25; 111:16; COURT [1] - 2:13 crowd [1] - 185:22 177:2; 179:13; 180:18; 172:21; 186:4, 7 Courtney [1] - 2:7 Crown [15] - 6:25; 74:8; 204:16, 23; 206:18; core [1] - 98:12 covenants [1] - 148:25 104:10, 13, 22; 105:5; 209:13; 211:2; 220:7, 22; corn [5] - 132:13; 144:10, 16, cover [4] - 25:25; 26:7; 106:12; 110:3, 5-6; 111:25; 222:16; 225:9; 234:14; 21, 25 237:10 114:5, 13; 156:10; 212:3 235:15, 23; 249:25; 252:1 corner [2] - 100:23; 132:4 covered [4] - 104:2; 130:10; Crown's [1] - 6:24 damage [5] - 135:16; 162:1; corns [1] - 132:5 159:16 cruise [1] - 220:21 167:14, 16; 169:13 corporate [1] - 41:20 covers [2] - 111:16; 163:12 crumble [1] - 213:12 dammed [1] - 237:22 corporation [3] - 74:9; coyotes [2] - 146:23; 147:5 crunching [1] - 172:19 damming [1] - 207:19 156:10; 197:18 CPCM [1] - 259:19 CSR(A [3] - 2:15; 262:3, 19 damn [1] - 184:3 corporations [1] - 41:22 Craig [1] - 2:9 cucumbers [1] - 132:5 dams [23] - 15:15, 18; 17:4; correct [7] - 21:25; 45:6; crane [1] - 248:25 Culling [8] - 3:12; 68:17; 20:11; 49:8; 69:23; 97:8; 78:19; 162:12; 213:1; cranes [3] - 143:11, 14; 90:11, 13, 15; 102:1; 117:24; 123:13; 162:5; 227:18; 262:10 179:22 253:19; 255:7 166:12; 167:19; 169:14; corrected [3] - 33:9; 80:10; crates [1] - 249:1 CULLING [6] - 66:22; 68:9, 176:16, 24; 184:11; 108:13 create [14] - 26:8; 29:8; 17; 90:14; 102:4, 24 208:17; 209:23; 212:8; 235:2; 236:12; 238:6; correction [1] - 227:14 40:15; 42:13; 154:25; culture [1] - 208:17 248:20 correctly [1] - 158:12 155:13; 187:20; 214:24; cumulative [2] - 163:8, 14 Dams [2] - 17:22; 91:23 cost [24] - 46:19; 53:9; 69:12; 215:10; 221:25; 226:20 curious [4] - 45:9; 57:10; dance [1] - 252:6 95:7; 105:18; 106:6, 19; created [8] - 21:24; 42:3; 245:6 dander [1] - 181:17 114:9, 11; 115:24; 116:19; 62:12; 95:20; 115:23; current [5] - 109:3; 213:6, 117:14, 19; 124:24; 134:4; 136:11; 153:10 20; 214:17; 257:20 dangerous [1] - 248:21 127:17; 135:11; 153:15; creating [1] - 180:15 cushion [1] - 154:20 dark [3] - 95:14, 22; 98:22 156:8; 162:10, 13; 177:24; creation [4] - 10:22; 106:15; customer [4] - 93:25; 94:16; data [3] - 54:15; 105:17; 255:3, 10; 256:10 162:24; 224:22 157:9; 254:2 115:12 cost-benefit [1] - 162:13 creatures [2] - 146:19; 147:3 customers [9] - 96:9; 167:4; date [6] - 16:13; 78:1; cost-effective [3] - 95:7; credit [4] - 125:12; 167:8; 202:16; 234:25; 242:14; 114:12; 231:20; 234:1; 177:24; 255:10 197:16 253:25; 255:3 246:7 costs [31] - 41:4; 94:13; creek [3] - 68:21; 102:12; cut [7] - 86:22; 137:8, 15-16, daughter [2] - 65:3; 218:11 105:20, 23; 106:11, 18, 21; 182:22 24; 138:24; 144:3 daughter-in-laws [1] - 113:22-24; 114:3; 115:8, Creek [47] - 1:24; 5:2, 8; cuts [1] - 168:6 218:11 25; 116:1, 20; 117:15, 18; 13:2, 6, 9, 21; 14:15; cutting [1] - 137:20 Davis [1] - 132:7 126:12, 22; 161:22; 162:7; 22:19; 32:13, 23; 63:9; cycle [1] - 48:21 Dawson [42] - 1:22, 24; 5:2, 163:14, 18; 164:3; 165:4, 65:10; 67:1; 76:8; 84:12; 8; 13:1, 6, 9, 21; 14:15; 6; 180:9; 250:1, 23; 256:10 104:15; 108:24; 109:5; D 22:18; 32:13, 23; 63:9; Council [1] - 57:17 179:21; 181:13; 199:8; 65:10; 67:1; 76:7; 199:8; council [5] - 63:2; 66:19; 200:8; 201:20; 211:15; 200:8; 201:20, 24; 211:15; 141:16; 248:6 215:5; 216:2, 4, 8-11, 19; dad [5] - 176:18, 20; 180:2; 215:5; 216:2, 4, 8-11, 19; Councillor [2] - 13:10; 216:7 217:23; 219:20; 220:21; 182:25; 199:6 217:23; 219:19; 222:23; Counsel [4] - 2:5, 9 222:23; 224:4; 228:6; DAHLEN [7] - 216:1; 225:23; 224:3; 228:6; 233:16; count [1] - 65:20 233:16; 234:3, 19; 236:18; 227:3, 6, 9, 20, 23 234:3, 19; 236:18; 249:20; counted [1] - 45:16 249:20; 251:6 Dahlen [12] - 3:23; 215:23, 251:6 counterculture [1] - 96:2 crime [2] - 164:4; 223:21 25; 216:3; 224:14, 16; day-use [1] - 256:17 countries [3] - 19:12; Crippen [1] - 112:8 225:21; 227:2, 22; 248:5; days [12] - 7:16; 32:20; 48:7; 122:12; 127:15 crisis [1] - 162:10 251:25; 261:8 132:17; 145:9; 179:24; daily [1] - 92:25 187:9, 11; 220:8; 226:12; country [24] - 40:12; 66:20; criss [1] - 168:8 122:10; 127:7; 135:25; criss-crossed [1] - 168:8 Dam [24] - 11:8; 25:15; 233:24; 240:7 139:16, 25; 140:4; 163:7; critical [4] - 56:22; 58:13; 64:10; 97:11; 106:25; daytime [2] - 190:4, 6 168:5; 190:19; 191:8; 108:19; 223:13 107:8, 16, 24; 108:7, 19, dead [2] - 92:22; 179:18 193:18, 22; 195:9, 23; critiques [1] - 42:11 22; 114:15; 176:21; deal [16] - 26:7; 30:25; 35:16; 179:22; 197:20; 211:16; 196:1; 200:17, 23; 201:1, crop [8] - 110:18; 143:18, 23, 36:20; 39:20; 42:14; 43:14; 13; 203:11; 245:17 25; 174:5; 197:6; 204:14; 220:3; 234:5; 236:1; 45:19; 52:12; 61:19; 76:1; 237:14, 20 Coupe [3] - 33:1; 140:1; 257:2 89:14; 141:23; 239:18; dam [63] - 14:10; 16:8; 17:25; 253:3 222:24 cropped [1] - 143:23 23:7; 25:8, 21, 24; 33:6, dealer [1] - 239:24 couple [11] - 65:8; 77:20; crops [10] - 128:2, 4, 6; 79:20; 85:13; 87:18; 99:19; 131:12; 143:17; 144:9; 19-20; 35:4; 69:22; 83:18; Dealers [8] - 228:8, 16, 25; 143:25; 148:23; 149:2; 188:8; 208:20; 257:5 90:23; 91:20; 98:3; 103:21; 229:23; 230:15; 231:3;

Mainland Reporting Services Inc. 604.520.3838 [email protected] 10

233:6; 261:10 definition [4] - 13:8; 56:19; 184:6; 237:25 126:9, 16; 138:4; 140:21; dealers [5] - 228:17; 229:3; 165:18 destroyed [3] - 81:12; 144:18; 146:16; 153:24; 230:1; 233:11; 242:14 deformities [1] - 133:10 162:10; 189:17 162:5; 163:3; 178:7 dealership [2] - 230:20; degradation [1] - 162:21 destroying [3] - 134:23; differently [2] - 20:14; 253:4 233:8 degraded [1] - 207:25 188:3; 194:15 differing [1] - 41:11 dealerships [2] - 230:19, 23 degree [1] - 201:21 destroys [1] - 155:11 difficult [8] - 20:18; 30:5; dealing [4] - 19:15; 58:9; delay [1] - 117:5 destruction [3] - 179:17, 20; 41:13; 45:22; 59:13; 60:22; 61:18; 159:8 delayed [1] - 256:14 221:1 70:13; 231:23 deals [1] - 114:21 deliberate [1] - 71:10 detached [1] - 8:8 dig [1] - 168:23 dear [1] - 185:21 deliberately [1] - 205:10 detailed [1] - 105:6 digital [2] - 102:15, 19 dearth [1] - 203:20 delivering [1] - 18:2 detailing [1] - 175:18 digitally [1] - 102:21 deaths [1] - 248:23 Delta [1] - 130:18 details [2] - 4:7; 174:18 diminish [1] - 205:8 debate [2] - 34:7; 167:6 demand [36] - 14:7; 24:3, 17; determinant [1] - 190:4 diminished [2] - 203:19; debated [1] - 33:24 46:9; 47:8, 21; 48:23, 25; determination [5] - 6:22; 7:2; 207:25 debates [1] - 248:8 50:12; 54:11, 13; 58:23; 54:20; 58:11; 59:3 dinner [2] - 185:18, 23 debris [1] - 92:23 93:25; 94:3, 15, 17; 95:8, determine [3] - 6:13; 164:8; Dinosaur [3] - 92:24; 149:12; debt [7] - 156:11, 13; 165:6; 24; 96:13; 154:4; 157:21, 166:19 237:21 180:5, 14 24; 158:8, 17; 167:4; determined [4] - 117:15; dioxide [2] - 42:13; 156:3 debts [1] - 157:16 171:20; 214:17; 225:3; 158:15; 169:10, 18 dip [3] - 219:3; 224:24; decade [2] - 91:4; 166:13 231:25; 246:10; 254:8; detrimental [1] - 78:15 225:10 decades [9] - 25:16; 32:17; 255:11, 14; 260:12, 19 devastating [2] - 124:23; dipped [1] - 237:1 78:3; 91:19; 101:22; demand-side [6] - 94:15, 17; 248:24 dipping [1] - 225:24 122:23; 175:15; 192:6; 254:8; 255:14; 260:12, 19 develop [5] - 37:12; 168:16, direct [5] - 9:4; 31:11; 43:23; 221:22 demands [5] - 38:15; 47:1, 3; 18; 225:25; 252:11 79:11; 255:23 December [6] - 68:11; 92:9; 223:4; 232:9 developed [11] - 23:16, 20; directed [1] - 10:7 125:13; 142:14; 150:5; democracy [2] - 22:24; 77:21 27:21; 35:20; 43:8; 147:10; directing [1] - 67:16 231:3 democratic [2] - 30:25; 72:5 153:12; 200:3; 202:13; direction [2] - 26:25; 81:7 decide [3] - 59:24; 60:3; demonstrates [1] - 130:20 222:21 directly [14] - 20:13; 35:13, 127:13 demonstration [3] - 122:1; developing [7] - 19:8, 12; 25; 62:3; 176:16; 177:5; decided [5] - 76:15; 85:3; 136:23; 137:2 38:14; 50:21; 150:25; 181:5, 14; 211:21; 223:17; 154:9; 202:6; 237:4 demonstrations [1] - 118:4 258:6; 259:21 228:20; 233:8; 254:5 decision [21] - 22:17; 24:8; dense [1] - 133:14 development [31] - 17:5; director [2] - 12:21; 216:12 30:18, 20, 22-23; 31:4; department [2] - 182:22; 23:5; 35:3; 43:19; 51:6; Director [3] - 7:14; 121:4; 36:4, 25; 41:13, 20; 60:10, 250:19 93:13; 94:14; 123:17; 216:18 25; 64:1, 3; 66:3; 72:10, Department [1] - 139:5 130:7, 13; 131:7; 147:12, directorate [1] - 139:4 15; 78:15; 79:4; 136:10 dependability [1] - 211:7 15; 206:21; 209:16, 22; dirty [2] - 161:23; 166:24 Decision [1] - 256:7 dependable [1] - 209:14 210:3, 13; 211:3; 213:21, disadvantage [1] - 40:19 decision-making [1] - 41:20 depended [1] - 192:24 24; 214:1; 223:10, 22; disagree [1] - 131:2 decisions [13] - 19:4; 22:22; dependent [4] - 29:4; 56:6; 224:8; 229:14; 230:2; disagreed [1] - 30:13 30:12, 14; 36:21; 60:22; 127:8; 203:8 231:18; 233:2 disappear [1] - 184:4 63:22; 65:5, 12, 22; 66:17; depleted [1] - 193:2 development-induced [1] - disappointed [1] - 30:23 72:7; 221:9 depletion [1] - 133:2 17:5 disapproval [1] - 159:10 declined [1] - 73:11 deployment [1] - 231:10 developments [4] - 24:6; disastrous [1] - 140:7 declining [1] - 94:17 deprived [1] - 11:1 43:22; 51:14; 55:13 discount [2] - 164:6, 9 diagnosed [1] - 100:16 decreased [1] - 133:2 depth [1] - 198:23 discounted [1] - 208:1 Diane [5] - 3:12; 68:17; dedicated [1] - 95:18 deregulated [1] - 28:17 discounting [3] - 163:18; deep [1] - 179:12 descendants [1] - 203:17 90:11, 13 164:2; 168:14 DIANE [6] - 66:22; 68:9, 17; deeper [2] - 156:11; 221:4 describe [1] - 90:20 discounts [1] - 165:3 90:14; 102:4, 24 deeply [1] - 225:10 described [3] - 10:14; 11:22; discouraged [2] - 131:7; deer [5] - 84:19; 87:2; 89:22; 18:20 dictative [1] - 128:9 196:17 die [1] - 249:2 146:23; 147:6 DESCRIPTION [2] - 3:2; 4:2 discouraging [1] - 197:4 died [3] - 90:5; 167:20; 183:3 defer [1] - 180:9 deserts [1] - 137:13 discuss [1] - 13:6 Diefenbaker's [1] - 119:7 deferral [3] - 156:12, 23; deserve [2] - 64:13; 207:22 discussed [11] - 43:8; 61:9; diesel [2] - 178:9; 211:15 159:19 deserves [2] - 167:9; 207:10 81:14, 18; 89:20; 170:9; diet [1] - 197:11 deficiencies [1] - 133:8 design [1] - 256:18 254:22; 255:18; 256:24; dietary [1] - 127:3 deficient [1] - 133:6 designation [1] - 131:6 257:4; 261:2 differ [1] - 35:23 define [1] - 59:11 designations [1] - 104:5 discusses [3] - 18:3; 253:21, difference [2] - 56:23; 92:10 defined [1] - 45:10 designed [3] - 5:24; 16:3; 24 defines [1] - 59:13 237:6 differences [2] - 92:12; discussing [3] - 38:17; 72:8; 254:24 definitely [3] - 49:24; 93:5; desirable [1] - 211:18 173:7 different [21] - 21:18; 23:6, 235:8 desire [2] - 15:22; 169:7 discussion [32] - 8:6; 23:6, 14; 25:22; 33:19; 43:17; Definition [1] - 111:1 destroy [4] - 129:15; 135:2; 8; 25:15, 19, 23; 29:17, 25; 67:3; 79:4; 83:4; 119:3;

Mainland Reporting Services Inc. 604.520.3838 [email protected] 11

30:7; 31:23; 33:19; 36:20; Dollar [1] - 106:1 drive [3] - 43:23; 87:8; 200:8 187:15 39:20; 40:1, 4; 43:14; dollar [2] - 106:5; 128:20 driven [1] - 142:12 east-west [3] - 145:3, 6; 48:18; 49:5, 10; 53:23; dollars [11] - 36:9, 15; 41:23; driving [1] - 242:17 187:15 54:4; 59:21; 61:23; 70:12, 53:6; 74:19; 78:2; 99:13; drop [3] - 100:17; 158:18; easy [1] - 99:7 23; 71:25; 76:17; 81:24; 115:5; 165:1, 22; 246:15 241:4 eat [1] - 147:5 133:18; 152:11, 20 domain [1] - 96:3 dropped [2] - 106:4; 211:14 eaters [3] - 127:19, 22 discussions [6] - 39:25; domestic [2] - 126:20; drought [1] - 212:17 eating [2] - 53:13; 86:16 45:18; 58:15; 71:2; 72:1; 177:10 drove [2] - 199:22; 201:5 Eco [1] - 121:10 81:19 don [3] - 82:18; 98:4; 146:15 drugs [2] - 250:12, 15 ecological [1] - 162:19 diseases [1] - 133:9 Donald [3] - 3:11; 82:15, 17 dry [1] - 65:11 economic [20] - 6:3; 12:19; disingenuous [1] - 205:19 DONALD [4] - 82:18; 84:8; DSM [1] - 254:8 14:25; 25:24; 29:1; 31:8; disjointed [1] - 152:1 89:12; 90:2 ducks [2] - 143:11 40:14; 44:20; 67:7; 94:18; dismissed [2] - 93:14; 208:1 done [23] - 42:7; 44:18; due [7] - 115:14; 117:7; 105:25; 127:1; 162:10; disparage [1] - 197:15 50:17; 76:25; 80:25; 83:1; 132:16; 133:4; 145:5; 197:9; 204:24; 210:3; displaced [7] - 15:8; 17:10; 100:15; 114:15; 167:14; 188:11; 225:3 228:19; 232:20; 233:1; 20:8, 20; 36:6, 17; 60:12 168:10; 170:20; 182:11; dug [1] - 183:6 260:7 displacement [3] - 17:6; 196:25; 197:13; 202:19; duke [1] - 177:19 economical [1] - 136:6 18:10; 254:9 205:10; 206:9; 207:17; Dumbledore [1] - 99:3 economics [4] - 93:15; disposal [1] - 178:13 223:12; 246:25; 250:11; dumped [1] - 116:16 131:16; 204:20; 260:13 disposed [1] - 178:6 251:9; 259:1 dumping [1] - 127:16 economist [1] - 157:2 dispossession [1] - 60:24 door [2] - 181:8, 10 Dunlevy [1] - 108:24 economy [15] - 23:22; 25:1; dispute [1] - 225:16 doors [1] - 95:3 Dunvegan [4] - 190:8, 24; 29:8; 32:9; 33:4; 213:9; disrupted [1] - 223:16 DOREEN [1] - 170:1 191:1; 196:9 217:7, 9; 218:7, 10; disruption [1] - 224:9 Doreen [6] - 3:19; 160:17; during [19] - 13:14; 21:19; 219:24; 220:11; 221:21; disruptions [1] - 224:2 161:1; 165:10; 169:25; 31:12; 91:8; 92:9; 122:4; 228:20; 233:14 disruptive [3] - 94:9, 12; 170:1 161:1, 12; 170:23; 218:20; ecosystem [1] - 136:19 97:2 double [2] - 36:18; 196:13 219:25; 220:2; 233:2; Edison [3] - 94:5; 96:6; disspiriting [1] - 63:15 doubt [6] - 75:17; 93:3; 95:6; 234:17, 23; 235:8; 244:17; 253:20 distance [1] - 87:25 218:19; 229:12; 248:8 256:22, 24 edition [2] - 15:13; 53:1 distribute [1] - 219:6 doubtless [1] - 240:3 dust [2] - 87:25; 140:5 editorial [2] - 71:14; 215:18 distributed [2] - 94:14; Douglas [1] - 201:24 Dutch [1] - 68:20 editorials [1] - 140:14 254:18 down [45] - 11:14; 30:3; 36:3; duty [11] - 6:25; 7:1; 8:4; educate [1] - 134:7 district [5] - 16:17; 31:17; 40:7, 21; 47:17; 48:2; 199:5, 11; 200:20; 203:16; education [6] - 64:10, 13; 216:11, 19 50:25; 72:7; 75:13, 23; 205:20; 231:13; 244:4; 76:21; 218:5; 219:2; District [3] - 73:23; 120:15; 83:20; 85:10, 13, 23; 86:2; 248:25 236:17 217:22 88:1, 6; 95:10; 100:5, 7; dwindle [1] - 70:9 educational [1] - 64:17 districts [2] - 124:3 106:2; 116:7; 142:10, 25; EEI [3] - 94:9, 23; 97:1 disturbs [1] - 170:18 144:22; 156:13; 160:24; E effect [6] - 6:18; 41:25; ditch [1] - 178:5 166:14; 167:20; 169:19; 50:12; 56:25; 80:21; ditches [1] - 99:15 177:4; 179:5; 190:7; 187:22 e-mails [1] - 125:2 diverse [1] - 147:2 195:13, 17; 198:9; 205:5; effective [5] - 18:7; 81:2; e.g [1] - 117:6 diversion [2] - 220:5; 261:2 207:25; 212:4; 220:22; 95:7; 177:24; 255:10 239:11; 248:1; 262:7 eagle [1] - 85:21 diversity [5] - 45:8; 64:24; effects [6] - 6:4, 10; 7:10; 67:6, 19 downloaded [1] - 109:22 early [9] - 15:21; 106:3; 28:24; 49:17; 229:10 150:22; 166:13; 189:3; divert [1] - 184:14 downstream [4] - 11:10; efficiency [2] - 50:5; 230:20 85:3; 190:7; 207:18 197:19; 220:1; 240:7; divided [1] - 177:17 efficient [4] - 25:2; 96:23; downtown [1] - 250:7 260:2 dividend [2] - 156:19; 157:1 229:22; 230:18 dozen [1] - 48:4 earned [1] - 45:14 dividends [2] - 258:23; 259:3 effort [5] - 33:2, 4; 62:12; dozens [4] - 192:23; 193:11, ears [1] - 41:9 division [1] - 177:19 166:18; 224:2 20 earth [7] - 132:25; 136:21; do-it-yourself [1] - 95:19 efforts [1] - 229:24 dozer [1] - 179:23 137:7, 9; 138:10; 220:7 dock [1] - 109:6 egg [1] - 234:9 Dr [2] - 2:3; 65:1 earth-filled [1] - 220:7 doctor [3] - 64:24; 65:3; 75:4 eggs [1] - 134:10 draft [2] - 258:6, 20 earwigs [1] - 195:20 doctors [1] - 64:21 eight [1] - 201:19 drainage [1] - 10:24 easement [2] - 110:12, 14 document [15] - 88:20; eight-month [1] - 201:19 easements [2] - 110:21; 102:7; 111:18; 148:24; drank [1] - 65:10 EIS [10] - 44:24; 93:24; 258:5 149:7, 23; 150:1; 157:5; draw [2] - 203:2; 212:10 129:24; 130:20, 23; easier [3] - 60:2; 96:7; 173:19; 237:11; 253:22; drawdown [1] - 92:13 131:24; 149:23; 255:21; 171:23 258:20; 259:20; 260:23; drawn [1] - 255:20 257:1; 259:22 easiest [2] - 45:25; 193:13 261:1 dream [1] - 85:1 either [14] - 22:21; 57:16; easily [3] - 83:11; 89:2; documents [5] - 8:12; 15:19; drift [1] - 100:10 61:10, 14; 68:2; 76:3; 78:5; 203:13 90:17; 173:20; 174:5 drink [1] - 219:11 85:10; 127:9; 150:23; East [1] - 104:11 dog [1] - 88:15 drinking [2] - 63:8, 11 155:21; 157:17; 189:14; east [4] - 145:3, 6; 146:9; 210:20

Mainland Reporting Services Inc. 604.520.3838 [email protected] 12

elect [2] - 66:2; 72:6 employee [3] - 216:20; English [1] - 236:3 era [1] - 126:15 elected [4] - 39:15; 65:15; 234:21; 238:4 enhancement [3] - 116:22; Eric [1] - 237:2 72:5, 12 employees [1] - 233:7 117:8; 166:1 eroded [1] - 110:8 election [2] - 119:1; 218:20 employer [4] - 234:21; 235:1; enjoy [4] - 26:10; 54:12; erosion [4] - 86:4, 11; 112:4; Electric [2] - 96:6; 253:21 236:10; 238:5 200:17; 236:9 113:1 electric [40] - 24:23; 25:6; employers [2] - 100:7; 234:5 enjoyed [6] - 76:10; 121:16; escalate [1] - 105:20 49:8; 69:21; 94:5, 8, 21; employing [1] - 218:17 195:19; 200:10; 220:17; especially [8] - 49:24; 123:21; 209:13, 19; 212:8; employment [4] - 31:11; 248:4 116:12; 143:9; 155:16; 229:7, 15, 18; 231:24; 47:10; 214:8; 236:12 enjoying [1] - 195:16 173:19; 188:8; 207:1 232:5; 238:20, 22; 239:3; emptied [1] - 99:10 enriched [1] - 203:21 Esq [3] - 2:5, 9 240:5, 10, 19, 23; 241:9, enables [1] - 19:3 ensure [4] - 8:9; 14:5; 212:8; essential [4] - 8:20; 108:8; 12, 16; 243:22, 24; 244:15, encounters [1] - 113:2 229:5 204:13; 223:3 22; 245:7, 11, 19; 246:18, encourage [3] - 154:4; ensuring [1] - 16:4 establish [1] - 234:1 22; 247:17; 251:7; 254:19 231:9; 246:17 entered [3] - 15:25; 134:15; ESTABLISHED [1] - 1:2 electrical [9] - 24:15; 41:4; encouraged [1] - 207:24 149:23 established [8] - 6:18; 11:19; 95:24; 114:1; 117:23; encroachment [2] - 136:18; enterprises [1] - 39:13 80:18; 93:7; 107:13; 139:3; 162:24; 240:12; 244:10; 141:23 entertain [4] - 38:11; 50:1; 225:2; 246:4 246:8 end [25] - 9:9; 30:18; 36:4; 55:5, 9 establishment [1] - 121:6 electricians [1] - 14:12 40:20; 59:12; 63:10; 70:2; enthusiasm [1] - 70:9 estate [1] - 168:20 electricity [72] - 24:1, 12, 18, 85:25; 86:21, 23; 89:7; enthusiastic [1] - 144:19 estimate [3] - 113:4; 117:17; 21; 25:8; 27:18; 28:5, 15, 100:12; 106:2; 111:18; enthusiasts [1] - 222:2 256:11 24; 29:2, 5, 15, 19, 22; 113:2; 117:4; 128:18; entire [12] - 31:21; 51:1; estimated [3] - 112:5; 33:17; 37:12; 38:15; 40:25; 134:4; 142:16; 149:18; 143:18; 145:10; 187:22; 127:10; 130:4 42:5; 43:4, 21; 45:20, 156:9; 181:19; 250:14; 189:25; 190:16, 25; estimates [1] - 240:14 24-25; 46:7; 47:22; 48:25; 251:21 205:21; 213:9; 220:9; et [7] - 19:1; 60:15; 208:10; 49:7, 14; 50:21; 51:12, 15, endeavour [1] - 25:4 236:25 239:22; 247:6; 258:16; 21, 23; 53:4, 10; 54:11, 25; endeavoured [1] - 134:20 entirely [2] - 196:23 260:14 55:1, 10, 18, 20; 58:24; ended [1] - 55:3 entitled [2] - 15:14; 45:11 Europe [1] - 133:3 69:1, 12, 15, 20; 92:14; endless [1] - 50:21 entity [1] - 159:20 European [1] - 91:6 93:25; 94:19; 95:8, 21; endowed [1] - 167:12 entranceway [1] - 198:10 Ev [1] - 121:10 96:3, 12; 97:7, 10; 117:22; Energy [19] - 33:23; 34:11; entrepreneurs [1] - 218:12 evaluate [2] - 113:25; 173:13 141:19; 151:21; 158:19; 39:3; 50:6; 70:24; 71:19; Environment [1] - 246:21 evaluating [1] - 161:16 177:12, 20; 214:2; 229:6; 79:22; 80:19, 21; 105:13; environment [8] - 7:13; 11:2; evaluation [3] - 15:6; 60:23; 231:14, 25; 243:16; 244:4, 129:1; 139:5; 154:19; 12:17; 135:17; 163:9; 108:20 15; 251:10; 259:10 177:9, 14, 18; 178:21; 178:2; 242:16, 23 evaluations [2] - 60:14; electronic [1] - 185:4 255:16 environmental [8] - 6:3; 168:10 electronics [1] - 23:25 energy [69] - 4:11; 29:10; 19:10, 17; 38:3; 73:9; Evelyn [1] - 121:10 electrons [1] - 45:13 30:3; 34:12, 19; 42:14; 74:16; 162:21; 167:8 evening [6] - 10:7; 216:1; element [1] - 249:5 44:3; 50:5, 10; 57:9; 65:7; ENVIRONMENTAL [2] - 1:6, 227:25; 228:4, 10; 253:23 elements [3] - 7:3; 16:7; 67:11, 18; 70:1; 74:24; 8 evenings [1] - 86:16 163:25 75:2; 77:23; 94:14, 24-25; Environmental [10] - 6:6; events [2] - 188:2, 7 elevation [3] - 187:13; 190:4, 95:5; 96:18; 117:18, 20; 7:14; 16:1; 78:22; 121:9; eventually [2] - 115:13; 10 123:10; 124:15; 139:3; 165:20; 206:14; 256:6; 116:4 eligible [1] - 231:8 141:14, 16; 142:1, 4; 258:19 ever-increasing [1] - 96:11 Elizabeth [2] - 109:5; 179:21 145:23; 152:11; 161:23; environmentalist [2] - 26:13 evergreen [1] - 20:5 elk [4] - 84:19; 85:16; 87:2 162:24; 166:11, 16, 24; environmentalists [1] - everywhere [2] - 95:5; 168:8 elks [1] - 86:5 168:24; 172:15; 177:7, 9, 26:15 evidence [1] - 8:1 eloquent [1] - 103:23 16; 178:12; 200:18; 208:5; environmentally [3] - 40:10; evolve [1] - 191:23 elsewhere [3] - 41:5; 113:20; 211:8; 214:24; 215:10; 243:12 exact [2] - 20:17; 54:17 236:15 229:14; 230:18; 231:5, envision [3] - 147:22; exactly [4] - 45:9; 153:20; embarrassed [1] - 171:6 9-10, 12, 19; 241:22; 200:23; 237:15 155:25; 231:23 emerging [1] - 231:22 243:4; 244:1, 11, 19; envisioned [1] - 97:4 examination [1] - 81:10 eminent [1] - 187:5 246:13; 251:1, 10-11; envy [3] - 27:14; 66:10; 217:8 examine [2] - 90:22; 93:21 emission [2] - 229:22; 259:6 ephemeral [1] - 161:15 example [27] - 4:8; 36:6; 231:17 ENERGY [1] - 1:2 equal [1] - 97:17 43:18; 46:13, 15; 49:16; emissions [7] - 40:6, 17; engage [2] - 8:5; 80:3 equates [1] - 234:4 50:12; 55:7; 58:24; 97:17; 75:17; 155:15; 229:20, 25; engaged [2] - 18:8; 172:4 equation [1] - 204:24 118:9; 150:7; 164:13; 230:4 engagement [3] - 13:2; equipment [5] - 14:13; 173:12; 174:20; 178:20; 15:21, 24 emotional [3] - 93:11; 100:6; 213:18; 214:12; 235:25; 189:17; 191:2; 192:12; engaging [1] - 170:7 116:17 239:21 193:9; 195:22; 210:1; employ [2] - 218:15; 233:8 engineer [1] - 12:18 equity [1] - 163:21 211:9; 212:13; 232:1; [4] engines [1] - 229:22 employed - 14:10; 73:1; equivalent [1] - 130:18 239:12; 240:17 177:7; 233:13 England [1] - 199:6

Mainland Reporting Services Inc. 604.520.3838 [email protected] 13

examples [4] - 95:4; 106:17; 82:24; 84:2; 119:5; 156:9 169:6; 212:18; 232:1 206:23 193:4; 195:24 explain [2] - 5:25; 46:1 facts [2] - 162:7; 225:15 feasible [1] - 260:7 excavator [1] - 249:3 explained [1] - 153:23 factual [2] - 221:11, 15 feature [1] - 230:19 exceed [1] - 117:16 explanation [1] - 82:4 fail [1] - 115:22 featuring [1] - 230:24 exceeded [1] - 80:11 exploit [1] - 208:7 fails [1] - 61:10 fed [1] - 100:8 excellent [3] - 57:22; 234:11; explore [2] - 97:13; 154:16 failures [1] - 212:8 federal [4] - 65:17; 223:2, 25; 240:15 exploring [2] - 215:7 fair [5] - 31:25; 41:15; 232:21 except [2] - 105:24; 113:2 exponentially [2] - 164:12; 211:22; 217:21; 223:11 Federal [4] - 7:13; 123:8; exception [1] - 65:25 167:15 fairly [4] - 11:12; 20:24; 124:1; 139:2 exceptionally [1] - 28:23 export [8] - 23:16; 24:5; 144:1; 157:13 Federated [1] - 122:15 excess [2] - 46:16; 53:5 28:14; 42:1; 49:11; 56:18; fairness [1] - 77:21 federated [1] - 121:4 exchange [1] - 45:8 74:25; 153:25 faith [1] - 68:6 fee [2] - 142:19; 255:25 excited [2] - 70:6; 251:7 exported [1] - 75:10 Fall [1] - 111:2 fee-simple [2] - 142:19; exciting [2] - 96:12; 220:11 exporter [1] - 23:17 fall [4] - 91:5; 143:11, 15; 255:25 exclude [1] - 97:20 exporting [2] - 45:25; 46:4 235:10 feed [5] - 127:21; 128:6; exclusive [1] - 111:25 exposed [1] - 92:16 fallen [2] - 89:2; 110:8 134:19; 203:19; 243:25 excuse [1] - 176:8 express [4] - 5:10; 33:21; falling [2] - 30:7; 94:13 feedback [1] - 243:1 Executive [4] - 7:14; 93:24; 34:25; 228:25 false [2] - 163:19; 188:14 feet [4] - 28:21; 95:11; 121:4; 216:18 expressed [6] - 22:21; 38:4; falter [1] - 214:4 179:12; 181:24 executive [2] - 12:15; 47:20 39:21; 54:1; 125:13; 162:8 families [6] - 20:12; 35:5, 13, FELDBERG [1] - 225:12 exemption [1] - 42:4 expropriated [1] - 198:9 19; 36:14; 223:20 Feldberg [1] - 2:10 exercise [3] - 6:20; 166:8; expropriating [1] - 148:7 family [14] - 23:13; 36:2; fellow [4] - 198:6, 19; 202:2; 168:12 expropriation [3] - 36:19; 40:23; 91:17; 92:3; 93:3; 260:19 exhaust [1] - 135:13 60:13; 61:20 99:21; 160:22; 210:21; felt [1] - 100:6 exist [3] - 186:24; 189:14; Expropriation [1] - 61:21 220:15; 235:14; 236:7, 14 ferns [1] - 168:3 196:12 extant [1] - 79:2 famous [1] - 218:22 fertile [3] - 190:18; 194:9; existence [2] - 32:18; 148:12 extend [2] - 145:9; 234:15 far [23] - 23:23; 32:11; 35:17; 221:2 existent [1] - 241:9 extensive [1] - 259:8 46:19; 50:18; 73:10; 75:3; fertility [2] - 191:10; 192:10 existing [11] - 33:20; 47:1; extensively [1] - 147:10 77:24; 88:17; 117:20, 23; few [27] - 48:4, 6-7, 14, 20; 57:8; 69:23; 107:4, 12; extent [5] - 6:20; 112:13; 135:8; 145:20; 147:23; 87:15; 88:9, 11; 90:20; 114:6; 116:5; 166:23; 169:13; 206:9 148:21; 151:3; 154:7; 92:11; 140:2; 144:16; 213:4, 11 extra [3] - 87:18; 105:23; 157:14; 190:9; 205:12; 150:24; 152:6; 168:3; exists [3] - 115:12; 126:25; 252:17 208:13; 255:15 179:15; 181:6; 195:18, 190:10 extract [2] - 217:16; 219:5 farm [16] - 18:14; 36:4; 91:2; 23-24; 200:7; 204:6; 222:9, expand [2] - 28:12; 226:18 extracted [1] - 222:21 99:22; 125:12; 131:9; 11, 13; 231:2; 253:16 expands [1] - 203:24 extremely [6] - 28:2; 29:11; 132:14; 165:11; 171:14; fiance [1] - 91:9 expansion [3] - 163:15; 37:20, 22, 24; 70:6 205:15; 207:13; 219:17, fibre [1] - 132:23 209:20; 210:13 eyes [1] - 88:23 19; 235:13, 15 field [12] - 65:18, 21; 73:4, expect [6] - 43:20; 69:1; farmed [2] - 132:24; 189:12 21, 25; 74:2; 144:9; 101:1; 114:22; 236:22; F farmer [1] - 235:9 148:16; 189:10; 190:2; 242:21 farmer's [2] - 202:16, 19 193:4; 197:6 expected [7] - 8:2; 10:23; farmers [13] - 87:19; 98:24; fields [2] - 87:16; 91:15 94:1; 115:5; 233:3; 239:4; fabric [4] - 249:22; 251:16, 122:8; 127:12; 134:14; fight [2] - 98:23; 100:17 24 254:10 164:21, 24; 168:6; 171:13; fighting [3] - 99:21; 101:17; face [4] - 55:9; 87:7; 88:8; expenditures [1] - 114:22 173:13; 207:9; 235:12 160:23 254:22 expenses [1] - 19:1 farming [4] - 17:14, 17; figure [4] - 41:23; 73:16; faced [2] - 128:13; 221:9 expensive [3] - 69:12; 133:4; 194:8 194:23; 240:22 facilitate [1] - 254:18 162:12; 255:5 farmland [6] - 134:19; 135:3; figured [1] - 181:22 facilities [5] - 44:4; 48:20; experience [16] - 24:25; 145:19; 219:22; 221:2; figures [4] - 53:11; 128:20; 60:19; 104:4, 9; 105:3; 115:6; 177:11; 256:19 226:1 193:25; 194:22 117:10; 175:9, 14-15; facility [3] - 23:19; 75:12; farmlands [3] - 140:10; file [1] - 111:15 176:23; 211:11; 212:7, 10; 114:23 188:16 filed [2] - 8:12; 111:13 221:4, 10; 243:24 facing [1] - 53:12 farms [4] - 17:16; 20:20; fill [4] - 108:17; 154:4; 220:9 fact [19] - 10:19; 28:4; 40:1; experienced [2] - 90:8; 134:16; 192:23 filled [5] - 41:9; 110:9; 225:20 50:6; 118:22; 135:10; faster [1] - 146:25 112:19; 116:14; 220:7 152:24; 183:11; 191:13, experiences [1] - 27:10 father [2] - 25:13; 219:17 filling [1] - 114:25 16; 195:8; 200:15; 207:15; experiencing [1] - 210:25 favour [1] - 51:8 fillings [1] - 116:7 208:14; 217:19; 222:22; expert [5] - 65:18; 121:10; favourable [1] - 187:23 film [1] - 98:25 226:4; 237:18; 242:17 130:16; 240:11; 244:21 favours [1] - 101:4 final [2] - 30:20; 151:2 factor [4] - 24:10; 55:17; expertise [5] - 27:10; 65:13, fawns [1] - 90:4 finality [1] - 61:16 204:23; 210:24 21; 74:5; 153:12 FCC [1] - 125:12 finally [4] - 113:2; 170:13; factories [2] - 130:11; 178:13 experts [6] - 67:13; 75:3; fear [3] - 66:14; 154:7; 198:13; 261:6 factors [6] - 94:11, 20; 126:9;

Mainland Reporting Services Inc. 604.520.3838 [email protected] 14

financial [7] - 106:8; 159:20; 181:14; 182:7; 204:4, 18; 14; 197:11 fossils [1] - 86:11 162:22; 163:4; 168:10; 212:13; 261:4 footprints [2] - 26:18; 242:23 fought [1] - 99:22 230:14 flooded [16] - 11:1; 45:15; for-certain [1] - 224:2 foul [1] - 146:21 financially [1] - 256:4 98:2; 104:19; 110:4, 25; Forbes [1] - 96:15 foundation [1] - 216:12 financing [2] - 131:9; 237:13 131:10; 136:7; 148:17; force [1] - 123:2 founded [1] - 122:3 fine [1] - 119:21 179:16; 181:24; 195:4; forced [3] - 105:18; 116:10, four [5] - 57:15; 132:9; fingers [1] - 137:16 198:8; 205:13; 206:24 14 197:19; 222:3; 252:15 finish [1] - 242:5 flooding [5] - 98:18; 179:16; Ford [1] - 245:12 foursome [1] - 120:1 finished [2] - 157:22; 252:1 186:16; 220:25 forecast [3] - 94:4; 240:4; fraccing [1] - 225:4 finisher [1] - 236:2 floodplain [2] - 186:22; 254:7 frame [1] - 216:24 fire [2] - 182:22; 250:19 188:1 forecasts [1] - 93:25 framework [3] - 18:10; fired [5] - 44:8; 46:12; floodplains [4] - 188:3; forefathers [1] - 217:11 19:14, 17 155:21; 214:25; 215:10 191:9, 21; 192:2 foreign [3] - 45:13; 53:8; Fraser [8] - 20:1; 130:7, 18; firm [8] - 24:25; 25:4; 28:1; floor [3] - 33:25; 34:6; 61:9 75:6 162:6; 184:12, 17; 191:11; 29:8; 31:8; 42:21; 69:25 flourish [1] - 131:23 foresight [3] - 126:19; 237:3 first [50] - 5:10; 23:8; 27:22; flow [2] - 69:20; 145:7 169:19; 217:13 free [4] - 145:9; 155:16; 33:20; 40:2; 50:14; 60:2; flowage [1] - 110:12 forest [1] - 168:4 187:9, 11 63:7; 65:11; 68:13; 83:5; flower [1] - 257:9 forested [1] - 143:8 freeze [1] - 42:6 85:12; 91:5, 10; 98:16; flowers [2] - 197:23; 257:6 forestry [3] - 163:24; 166:1; freezer [1] - 144:11 99:24; 101:4; 123:6; 125:8; flowthrough [1] - 49:23 254:3 frequently [1] - 90:24 128:15; 139:15; 141:12; fluctuating [1] - 93:6 Forests [1] - 111:15 fresh [5] - 11:15, 18; 87:14; 148:13; 153:12; 158:10; fluctuations [1] - 92:25 forestster [1] - 104:7 91:6; 203:20 164:8; 170:15; 175:10; fluvial [1] - 11:23 forever [4] - 131:18; 134:23; freshwater [1] - 193:2 176:17; 177:8; 180:2; fly [2] - 89:11; 195:21 135:2; 136:7 friend [5] - 89:12; 100:2; 181:12; 186:12; 190:18, Focus [1] - 245:12 forget [1] - 75:5 161:13; 227:6; 251:23 23, 25; 191:20; 199:7; focus [4] - 13:1; 94:14; form [9] - 7:18; 56:5; 102:19; friendly [1] - 32:16 200:7; 213:3, 13; 220:24; 152:9; 257:5 185:4, 9; 187:18; 208:2; friends [10] - 22:22; 23:14; 225:23; 237:14; 239:2; focused [2] - 17:6; 133:4 217:21; 238:1 88:9; 90:3; 91:17; 93:3; 245:12; 248:6; 254:25; fog [2] - 87:17 formal [3] - 8:15; 15:9, 25 99:19; 179:15; 185:21; 255:11 folks [6] - 186:4; 198:8; formation [1] - 218:21 235:9 First [10] - 5:11; 12:21; 199:15; 205:6; 235:3, 24 formations [1] - 92:15 friendships [1] - 22:23 43:14; 88:16; 98:24; 101:9; follow [11] - 6:9; 40:13; former [18] - 22:7; 77:22; frogs [2] - 84:22 106:13, 17; 114:8; 224:5 43:13; 44:19; 60:11, 13; 120:19, 25; 169:17; front [5] - 59:12; 87:5; 88:7; first-hand [4] - 60:2; 177:8; 61:22; 176:10; 236:6; 216:7-9, 11-12, 14, 17, 20; 223:14; 249:2 180:2; 220:24 240:2; 253:18 221:7; 261:7 fronting [1] - 110:7 firstly [1] - 229:5 follow-up [2] - 6:9; 240:2 forms [1] - 163:3 frost [3] - 145:9; 187:9, 11 fiscal [1] - 254:11 followed [1] - 190:22 Fort [20] - 26:2; 32:20, 24; frost-free [3] - 145:9; 187:9, fish [1] - 85:21 following [6] - 25:10; 44:17; 88:15; 90:15; 91:7, 9; 95:3; 11 fishery [1] - 212:14 70:16; 103:22; 106:10; 104:22, 24; 142:13; 161:2; frosts [1] - 189:14 fishing [2] - 86:18; 220:16 146:14 181:7; 190:24; 201:20; frown [1] - 157:8 fit [1] - 67:17 follows [2] - 104:5; 110:24 212:2; 222:22; 224:3; fruit [14] - 67:20; 95:9; five [4] - 105:9; 158:11; food [69] - 121:20, 22-23; 245:11; 250:10 131:11; 164:20; 200:3, 5-7, 160:3; 179:6 125:18, 21, 23; 126:8, fort [1] - 130:14 12, 24-25; 208:20; 257:4 five-minute [1] - 160:3 10-11, 13, 15, 24-25; forth [8] - 38:13; 41:3; 50:8; fruits [8] - 126:18, 22; fixed [3] - 226:11; 249:14, 16 127:2, 5, 7-8, 10-12, 16, 78:23; 199:18; 201:5; 131:21; 132:5, 12; 133:14; flat [1] - 132:9 18, 20-21, 24; 129:21; 244:17; 262:8 135:6; 192:14 Flats [9] - 83:5, 14, 21, 25; 130:8, 21; 131:25; 132:21; forts [1] - 190:23 frustrating [1] - 128:15 84:8, 16; 101:7, 14; 201:4 133:5; 134:8, 13, 18, 24; fortunate [7] - 24:20; 29:11; fuel [9] - 44:7; 49:19; 75:14, flats [1] - 201:4 135:11, 21-22; 136:9; 41:1; 210:21; 217:2; 20, 22; 135:12; 178:9; fleet [2] - 230:4; 239:10 137:10, 14, 23; 138:6, 234:18; 235:9 209:19; 231:15 flew [1] - 91:6 10-11; 139:19, 23; 145:16, forum [2] - 57:23; 152:20 fulfil [1] - 48:12 flexibility [3] - 16:4; 150:10; 25; 146:4; 188:8; 191:7; forums [1] - 22:25 full [5] - 102:21; 144:11; 258:14 192:3, 5; 199:19; 207:9; forward [24] - 8:24; 23:1; 192:18; 233:7; 248:18 flick [1] - 46:14 252:25; 257:5, 16 28:9; 30:20; 34:1; 37:21; full-time [1] - 233:7 flickering [1] - 100:22 food-growing [6] - 121:22; 49:5; 52:20; 58:18; 68:21; fully [5] - 29:14; 48:3; 74:2; flies [1] - 195:22 129:21; 130:8, 21; 257:16 72:15, 24; 74:10; 86:6; 150:5 flippantly [1] - 248:10 food-producing [5] - 127:20, 114:17; 118:16; 161:6; fun [1] - 93:4 floating [3] - 85:23; 90:5; 24; 134:24; 135:21; 138:11 169:2, 10; 200:21; 234:10; function [3] - 97:22; 190:10; 92:23 foods [2] - 132:2, 16 255:11; 258:13 203:6 flood [16] - 21:15, 23; 60:3; foot [2] - 104:18 forward-looking [2] - 169:2, fund [11] - 74:16; 99:12; 77:2; 81:12; 86:23; 91:15; footage [2] - 97:19; 192:3 10 117:2; 217:25; 218:22; 128:21; 131:5; 136:11; footprint [8] - 26:16; 43:24; fossil [4] - 44:6; 49:19; 219:2; 222:7; 257:24 124:23; 162:19, 23; 178:3, 75:14, 22

Mainland Reporting Services Inc. 604.520.3838 [email protected] 15

fundamentally [1] - 96:19 GDP [3] - 228:20; 233:1, 4 Gilbride [1] - 2:10 grand [2] - 180:11; 199:6 funded [2] - 117:13; 230:14 geese [2] - 143:12 girl [2] - 91:2; 248:12 Grand [4] - 176:17; 177:3; funding [5] - 73:7, 11; 74:20; gem [1] - 206:11 girls [2] - 250:4, 9 201:21 223:2 gen [1] - 68:25 given [14] - 26:25; 97:15; grandchildren [9] - 129:9; funds [5] - 109:24; 115:20; General [1] - 156:15 103:21; 111:8; 129:7; 160:24; 199:13, 18; 116:21; 247:6 general [3] - 5:7; 59:5; 110:5 147:7; 149:22; 169:5; 203:18; 207:22; 210:20, funeral [1] - 101:5 generally [6] - 17:7; 93:19; 173:17; 175:4; 201:14; 22; 218:6 funny [1] - 49:13 109:2; 145:2; 155:19; 215:1; 229:15; 231:22 grandfather [2] - 99:22; fur [1] - 190:22 251:20 glad [2] - 52:16; 248:17 219:14 furore [1] - 167:20 generate [19] - 24:21; 25:8; glass [2] - 65:9; 95:3 grandmother [1] - 101:15 furthest [1] - 148:9 27:18; 28:15; 29:2; 33:16; global [9] - 25:3; 44:12; grandparents [1] - 139:25 future [40] - 27:25; 47:3; 43:4, 17; 49:14; 97:9; 49:17; 55:21; 96:1; 135:14; grandsons' [1] - 207:5 49:5; 51:14; 54:15; 55:12; 117:21; 136:6; 148:15; 169:5; 201:14; 203:7 granted [1] - 222:19 61:14; 75:20; 77:1; 84:22; 207:19; 210:7; 218:1; globally [1] - 124:19 grants [1] - 247:2 95:7, 24; 96:13; 97:6; 228:18; 232:20; 244:15 globe [2] - 55:15; 75:15 grapes [1] - 164:17 115:25; 122:22; 126:16; generated [8] - 28:1; 92:14; GM [3] - 95:25; 197:22 graph [1] - 47:24 135:23; 136:13; 138:13; 102:11; 112:7; 217:17; goal [2] - 103:16; 257:25 grateful [3] - 23:1; 143:21; 147:14; 150:10, 13; 221:24; 226:6; 227:12 goals [1] - 67:19 172:10 156:14; 161:25; 164:1, 5; generates [1] - 242:25 Godsoe [1] - 2:9 gratifying [1] - 134:12 168:15; 199:16; 205:20; generating [5] - 24:18; goods [1] - 232:22 gravel [8] - 11:12, 16; 113:9; 206:25; 212:17; 222:8; 69:20; 96:3; 197:22, 24 gosh [1] - 201:7 182:1; 188:4; 189:19, 22; 255:13; 257:11, 23; 259:3, generation [29] - 24:14; 29:5; governed [1] - 81:16 194:11 10; 260:22 42:8; 43:11; 44:8; 46:13; governing [1] - 65:6 grazing [1] - 110:18 FWIC [1] - 125:2 49:8; 51:20; 69:21; 96:12; Government [9] - 7:7; 81:23; great [21] - 26:7; 35:16; 99:21; 139:20; 156:8; 108:2; 123:8, 16; 139:2; 36:20; 39:20; 42:14; 43:13; G 177:13, 20, 22; 184:15; 223:8; 247:2; 259:4 45:19; 50:18; 52:12; 59:7; 205:4; 211:6, 18; 212:13; government [92] - 7:8; 13:3, 65:10; 75:25; 79:19; 81:6; 214:25; 231:19; 244:22; 12; 22:16; 25:13; 26:24; 94:25; 138:14; 146:9; gadgets [1] - 232:9 251:14; 253:24; 254:2, 14, 27:2; 30:6; 31:4, 15; 33:12, 170:9; 180:11; 217:14 game [1] - 94:21 18 14, 25; 35:8, 24; 36:21; greater [5] - 26:18; 32:11; garden [2] - 76:9; 195:1 generations [10] - 101:9; 37:21; 38:7, 12; 39:10, 15; 117:24; 185:23; 222:10 gardening [2] - 194:18; 131:10; 135:24; 138:14; 41:8; 42:3; 44:2; 54:20; greatest [1] - 96:18 195:19 139:22; 147:16; 200:21; 57:13, 24; 58:1; 59:13, 16; greatly [1] - 59:23 gardens [5] - 190:19; 199:7; 207:2, 4; 222:8 60:10, 25; 61:6, 14; 62:10, green [3] - 42:12; 52:23; 230:25; 250:6 generator [1] - 210:6 12; 64:16, 19; 72:4; 73:21; 126:13 garner [1] - 66:18 generators [2] - 33:7; 211:15 74:14; 77:19; 78:7; 79:12; greenest [1] - 96:16 garter [2] - 86:19; 87:11 genesis [1] - 191:17 80:14, 20; 81:21; 104:10; greenhouse [10] - 39:11; Gas [1] - 68:19 gentleman [8] - 35:14; 108:3, 15; 109:18; 116:10; 40:6, 17; 49:17; 75:16; gas [81] - 28:10, 13, 15, 17, 133:17; 183:20; 184:11; 117:10; 119:3; 123:8, 17; 135:16; 155:15, 18; 229:19 20, 22; 29:3, 5, 25; 40:6, 198:13; 202:3; 237:2; 124:14; 125:8; 126:19; greenhouse-gas [1] - 155:16 17; 42:20, 25; 43:3; 44:4, 242:5 166:18; 172:16; 178:1, 8, greetings [1] - 82:19 6; 47:18; 48:1, 6, 15; gentlemen [5] - 5:7; 82:12; 15, 17, 22-23; 179:19; Gren [1] - 236:25 49:11, 13, 17; 54:5; 56:18; 206:20; 238:9; 242:1 180:3, 24; 182:13; 183:24; grew [2] - 144:12; 182:20 68:11; 69:11; 74:24; 75:17, Gentlemen [1] - 160:8 184:21; 196:23; 197:14; grey [1] - 147:24 19; 91:8; 94:18; 117:19, genuinely [1] - 205:7 206:10; 209:18; 215:2; grid [8] - 46:16; 55:18; 69:2; 21; 141:20, 24; 153:2; geographical [1] - 187:1 223:13, 25; 226:5; 230:2, 96:7, 10; 243:25; 244:11; 154:5, 7, 9; 155:15, 19, 21; geology [2] - 10:13; 11:6 15; 246:7, 12, 16; 258:25; 254:20 156:5; 168:7; 177:6, 8, geomorphology [1] - 11:23 259:13 ground [3] - 95:11; 215:6; 10-11, 19, 23; 178:10, 12; George [3] - 1:22; 250:5, 10 government's [2] - 225:5; 220:3 205:4; 209:10; 213:11; geotechnical [1] - 16:25 259:6 grounds [1] - 93:12 214:3, 25; 215:10; 218:12, geothermal [9] - 24:23; governments [13] - 6:13; 7:9, 25; 224:22; 226:1, 5, 18; group [5] - 9:5; 84:20; 122:6; 27:20; 166:6; 168:23; 17; 41:16; 53:14; 59:5, 7; 227:13; 229:19; 231:14; 139:11; 141:22 177:23; 205:1; 208:8; 61:15; 64:15; 66:3; 124:11; 238:20, 24; 239:6, 13, 17, groups [3] - 17:7; 74:17; 231:1; 251:3 217:12; 247:1 22; 241:9, 14; 242:20; 249:19 Gevatkoff [8] - 3:22; 209:3, governor [1] - 122:18 249:23; 250:14 grouse [1] - 146:22 [1] 5; 212:22; 213:15; 215:21; Governor - 124:7 [26] gas-fired [1] - 215:10 grow - 23:22; 24:1; 32:4; 248:6; 261:8 governors [1] - 217:12 131:14, 25; 132:10, 13, 16; gases [2] - 39:11; 135:16 GEVATKOFF [3] - 209:6; Governors [1] - 216:13 133:14; 137:10, 14, 23; Gates [1] - 11:10 213:16; 215:13 governs [1] - 18:10 138:6, 10; 164:22; 173:11, gather [2] - 101:10; 245:4 Gibbs [1] - 171:5 grab [1] - 52:4 14; 188:9; 191:7; 193:12, gathered [1] - 219:8 gift [1] - 217:14 Grade [1] - 237:1 21; 200:1; 201:17; 203:5 gatherers [1] - 191:24 gigawatt [5] - 53:19; 166:22; grade [1] - 134:6 grower [2] - 194:16, 21 GATT [1] - 154:11 172:9; 254:10; 260:4 grain [2] - 143:24

Mainland Reporting Services Inc. 604.520.3838 [email protected] 16

grower-shipper [2] - 194:16, 242:3, 11; 243:11, 19 7:16; 8:23; 27:4; 60:9; higher [4] - 39:13; 168:19; 21 Hadland's [1] - 259:24 72:23; 82:22; 128:19; 171:20; 172:3 growers [2] - 164:15; 173:23 Hadlands [2] - 174:24; 176:4 140:22; 141:12; 142:14; highest [5] - 38:16; 48:4; growing [24] - 4:8; 47:8; hair [1] - 218:2 152:9; 158:10; 216:25; 145:19; 148:18; 252:20 96:1; 99:25; 121:22; half [7] - 16:16; 58:24; 95:18; 242:12 highlight [2] - 103:18; 129:21; 130:8, 21; 132:17; 107:1; 137:15, 20; 194:9 HEARING [1] - 1:12 219:21 133:5; 134:3; 135:6; 140:8; half-life [1] - 107:1 hearings [18] - 5:8; 7:12; highlights [1] - 96:5 150:7; 164:17; 174:21; Halfway [2] - 86:4; 91:12 25:11; 58:10; 73:5, 7; highly [4] - 112:24; 161:20; 190:18; 194:18; 204:13; halfway [2] - 86:21; 87:14 91:24; 92:9; 102:22; 183:22; 229:21 221:21; 225:4; 226:9; Hallowe'en [1] - 28:19 138:21; 161:1, 12; 166:15; Highway [4] - 16:8; 111:7; 257:16 hand [8] - 52:11, 18, 25; 170:23; 171:3; 174:5; 115:18; 148:4 grown [10] - 11:21; 22:18; 60:2; 147:23; 177:8; 180:2; 175:9, 14 highway [9] - 19:25; 83:9, 121:24; 125:11, 23; 128:2; 220:24 hears [1] - 90:24 16; 87:9, 21; 115:10; 133:6; 144:10; 195:9; handed [1] - 36:3 heart [2] - 98:21; 133:9 143:16; 151:8 204:5 hands [1] - 201:8 heat [4] - 144:9; 168:1; 190:5 hill [4] - 85:4-6; 88:18 grows [2] - 193:9; 232:12 handy [1] - 240:25 heat-loving [1] - 144:9 hills [3] - 86:1, 15; 87:1 growth [10] - 47:3; 49:3; hanging [3] - 85:5, 9; 95:9 heating [3] - 168:24; 178:9; hillside [1] - 182:2 94:18; 136:12; 168:4; Hansard [1] - 156:20 231:1 hire [1] - 14:4 210:14, 24; 223:4; 255:14 Hansen [1] - 258:1 heavens [1] - 249:15 hired [1] - 172:18 guarantee [2] - 56:9; 115:6 happy [8] - 30:21; 60:17; heavily [1] - 143:8 hiring [1] - 14:4 guaranteed [1] - 114:23 63:19; 151:12, 14; 161:11; heavy [4] - 14:13; 68:22; historic [1] - 258:4 guarantees [2] - 43:15; 165:16; 182:16 244:4; 248:25 historical [1] - 54:15 256:3 hard [11] - 11:12; 30:8; 38:5; heavy-duty [2] - 244:4; history [9] - 43:13; 103:18; guess [29] - 27:10; 32:5; 51:5; 97:6; 102:10; 198:18; 248:25 107:5; 122:5, 17; 162:9; 34:14; 47:13; 50:9; 54:2, 223:18; 240:7; 245:22; heck [1] - 245:15 219:13; 233:22 21; 57:18; 74:2, 12; 76:8; 251:14 hectare [1] - 164:21 hitherto [1] - 56:25 78:11; 89:8; 111:19; hardly [1] - 250:18 hectares [8] - 110:25; hitting [2] - 87:6; 92:22 141:21; 142:23; 144:5; hardy [5] - 193:10, 18; 200:2, 111:12, 16, 19; 112:5; hmm [1] - 240:6 151:6; 160:21; 176:1, 15; 24 164:19; 174:9 hockey [1] - 216:10 180:11; 206:13, 18; Harley [1] - 62:18 hectares) [1] - 111:8 Hoffman [2] - 82:15, 18 207:11; 237:17; 239:24; harm [2] - 147:17, 21 heel [2] - 163:2; 169:4 Hoffmann [6] - 3:11; 82:17; 251:6 harmony [1] - 147:5 height [1] - 91:8 84:5; 89:10, 16; 146:16 guests [1] - 82:20 harness [1] - 69:24 held [3] - 13:5; 72:12; 99:11 HOFFMANN [4] - 82:18; Guichon [1] - 124:7 Harry [2] - 2:3; 5:14 Held [1] - 1:21 84:8; 89:12; 90:2 guidance [2] - 259:18 harsh [2] - 70:4; 189:14 hello [1] - 70:21 Hoffmann's [1] - 98:5 guide [1] - 88:17 harshest [1] - 187:19 Hello [1] - 70:22 Hofmann [5] - 212:23; guided [1] - 15:20 hate [1] - 184:19 help [14] - 6:12; 14:24; 29:23; 214:10; 224:17 guy [1] - 87:23 hauled [1] - 194:12 33:4; 44:9; 74:20; 88:9; HOFMANN [5] - 212:24; guys [1] - 181:25 Hawaii [2] - 60:17; 151:12 92:11; 125:22; 216:24; 214:11; 215:19; 224:18; Gwen [6] - 3:17; 74:21; hay [2] - 143:24; 150:8 235:14; 239:9; 246:5, 17 246:2 75:11; 140:19, 25; 183:20 hazardous [1] - 250:20 helped [3] - 30:12; 161:3; hold [4] - 93:22; 101:5; GWEN [5] - 72:20; 73:19; hazards [1] - 92:19 199:9 109:6; 169:7 74:22; 141:1; 159:24 heads [1] - 92:22 helpful [2] - 7:20; 118:5 holding [1] - 5:12 health [6] - 6:4; 133:15; helping [1] - 49:15 holds [3] - 27:14; 110:12; H 188:13; 218:4; 219:2; hemisphere [1] - 131:14 111:24 226:8 herd [1] - 146:25 hole [1] - 208:7 hereby [1] - 262:5 holes [2] - 92:21; 249:21 H-a-d-l-a-n-d [1] - 77:17 healthy [2] - 127:4; 133:7 herein [1] - 262:8 holiday [1] - 121:16 H-o-f-f-m-a-n-n [1] - 82:18 hear [18] - 5:22; 35:22; 61:1; hereunto [1] - 262:13 Holland [1] - 220:16 habitat [8] - 84:4; 86:25; 64:10; 66:6; 84:1; 92:16; heritage [5] - 6:4; 136:8; 89:25; 97:14; 116:22; 95:12; 97:23; 130:17; Holm [2] - 121:11 169:13; 218:23; 255:6 117:8; 136:8; 146:13 143:2; 145:24; 154:23; home [20] - 14:14; 35:18, 23; hi [4] - 63:1; 76:6; 89:17; 36:1, 8, 16; 95:16, 21; Hadland [19] - 3:18; 70:19, 170:19; 171:18; 186:10; 170:1 21; 71:13; 77:16; 82:2; 248:11; 252:10 97:22; 135:12; 165:17; high [22] - 11:16; 14:7; 26:5; 160:11, 13, 16; 169:25; heard [26] - 9:12; 13:1, 15; 170:24; 171:13; 172:21; 33:7; 52:19; 80:9; 90:7; 170:2; 172:8; 227:5, 7; 14:2; 16:2; 23:12; 24:2; 179:9; 202:5; 230:22; 92:18; 98:11; 132:3, 21; 242:2; 243:9; 254:13 25:10; 26:19; 35:14; 42:11; 234:4; 244:18; 247:9 133:11; 145:19; 162:7; home-made [2] - 95:16, 21 HADLAND [26] - 70:20, 23; 59:21; 60:11; 98:16, 20; 179:6; 181:15; 194:1; 71:4, 15; 77:15; 78:8, 25; 145:16; 146:12; 151:10; homeless [1] - 249:21 198:19; 214:9; 228:22; 79:8, 19; 80:16; 81:6, 25; 153:22; 177:25; 184:2; homes [3] - 130:11; 178:12; 229:22; 230:19 160:14; 170:1; 172:12; 186:14; 206:5; 248:10; 244:19 high-class [1] - 145:19 173:22; 174:13, 16; 253:10, 15 homesites [1] - 221:1 175:25; 176:6; 227:8, 10; hearing [17] - 5:13, 24; 6:12; high-paying [1] - 228:22 homestead [1] - 219:16

Mainland Reporting Services Inc. 604.520.3838 [email protected] 17

Honda [1] - 239:12 201:3; 208:8 256:4; 259:2, 4 Impact [1] - 165:20 honestly [1] - 8:3 huggers [2] - 93:14; 99:1 Hydro's [10] - 27:1; 53:11; impacted [14] - 15:7; 16:20; honorary [2] - 122:19; 124:8 Hughes [1] - 199:6 84:9; 105:16; 110:22; 17:11, 17; 18:18; 20:13, honour [1] - 32:13 human [4] - 59:15; 70:10; 113:5; 172:22; 198:16; 21, 23; 35:13; 36:1; 62:3; honourable [1] - 124:7 161:17; 249:5 208:3; 228:25 211:21; 220:25; 258:3 Honourable [1] - 169:16 humanity [1] - 138:7 hydro's [1] - 163:14 impacts [17] - 15:15, 23; honoured [1] - 100:1 humus [1] - 132:23 hydro-electric [8] - 24:23; 16:11; 21:14; 26:21; 35:1; hope [14] - 11:9; 32:2; 89:8; hundred [1] - 85:13 25:6; 49:8; 69:21; 123:21; 37:2; 70:7; 90:23; 112:14; 121:16; 135:21; 137:4, 16; hundreds [1] - 99:13 209:13, 19; 212:8 162:3, 22; 211:6, 23; 152:23; 156:2; 171:9; hung [1] - 25:18 hydrogen [5] - 231:14; 212:5; 223:9 179:7; 208:12; 214:14; hungry [2] - 249:21; 252:12 238:20, 25; 239:24; 241:9 impartial [1] - 8:5 226:23 hunter [1] - 191:24 hydropower [1] - 15:15 impartiality [1] - 8:11 Hope [20] - 11:11; 15:4; 16:2; hunter-gatherers [1] - hypocrisy [2] - 71:5, 20 Imperial [1] - 192:12 18:20; 26:3; 32:25; 83:24; 191:24 hypocritical [1] - 44:1 implement [1] - 27:2 85:21; 86:18; 109:24; hurdle [1] - 155:2 implemented [2] - 58:1; 110:1; 115:9; 140:20; hurt [1] - 198:23 I 61:13 142:12, 14; 176:20; husband [3] - 95:17; 99:20; implications [3] - 149:8; 190:24; 212:2; 222:23; 170:7 150:4, 16 i.e [1] - 162:19 224:4 hybrid [1] - 200:2 import [4] - 48:9, 11; 54:25; ICBC [1] - 251:9 hopeful [1] - 240:14 hydraulic [1] - 102:12 131:13 ice [3] - 92:5, 15; 201:12 hopefully [3] - 84:1; 103:7; hydro [52] - 3:25; 21:8, 20; importance [11] - 14:3; iceberg [1] - 243:7 179:2 24:23; 25:6; 38:24; 39:5, 126:10; 133:12; 134:7, 21; icecaps [1] - 137:17 hoping [2] - 83:10; 186:13 14; 42:8; 49:8; 56:21; 135:20; 145:18, 20; 187:7; idea [8] - 28:10; 49:21; 78:4; horizon [1] - 224:20 69:21; 74:4; 77:4; 79:23; 209:14; 219:23 101:13; 125:9; 162:19; horn [2] - 54:8; 154:1 80:11; 81:8; 83:10; 103:8; important [23] - 7:20; 14:17, 170:7; 251:13 horrid [1] - 195:17 117:24; 119:11; 123:21; 23; 18:11; 19:6; 24:10; ideal [2] - 83:2; 229:18 horse [2] - 146:24; 177:12 148:5; 159:17, 20; 162:4; 25:23; 43:10; 45:3; 55:20; ideally [1] - 34:15 horticultural [23] - 4:4; 164:3; 165:18; 166:9, 13, 126:9; 134:18; 139:22; 76:23; 77:1, 10; 133:19, 15, 17; 167:8; 175:21; ideas [3] - 30:19; 34:9; 143:9; 145:1; 149:7; 22; 175:18; 187:2, 7; 176:18; 178:24; 179:5; 248:13 163:20; 172:1; 177:9; 188:9; 189:9; 190:2, 25; 180:5; 181:25; 182:8, 24; identified [4] - 18:1; 84:9; 210:23, 25; 234:2; 258:17 191:2; 193:4; 194:2; 197:6; 201:6; 209:13, 19; 212:8; 116:23; 260:6 importantly [1] - 203:16 199:17; 205:21; 207:2, 23 215:9; 240:3; 251:9; 253:9, identifies [1] - 18:5 imported [4] - 125:10; [5] horticulture [4] - 189:20; 13; 255:6 identify - 8:25; 107:11; 126:18; 127:11; 203:8 191:19; 208:19; 257:3 HYDRO [2] - 1:3 117:2; 125:22; 254:6 importer [3] - 24:16; 28:5; idle [3] - 213:19; 214:12; horticulture" [1] - 76:18 Hydro [121] - 2:9; 3:4, 9; 4:3; 45:23 235:25 hospital [2] - 140:1; 216:12 5:25; 7:7, 21; 9:14, 16, 19; importing [2] - 46:3; 54:5 IGA [1] - 201:25 host [1] - 13:19 10:3; 12:3, 15; 13:5; 18:13; imports [2] - 127:8, 16 ignorance [2] - 175:11; hosted [2] - 13:7; 134:15 26:23, 25; 35:21; 36:9; impossible [2] - 170:12; 197:1 hot [1] - 208:9 38:5; 42:20; 43:20; 45:25; 188:25 illiterate [1] - 134:3 hour [4] - 53:7, 11; 154:19; 46:18; 57:13; 59:22; 63:11; impoundment [1] - 142:8 160:4 64:10; 73:12, 14; 76:20; illuminating [1] - 137:5 impress [1] - 208:13 illustrate [1] - 92:12 hours [10] - 48:4; 53:19; 77:8, 24; 78:6, 8; 80:17; impression [1] - 163:19 87:18; 166:22; 172:9; 98:10; 99:12; 102:9, 16; image [2] - 84:24; 92:24 improved [1] - 142:25 179:24; 220:8; 234:12; 103:19; 104:12, 21; images [1] - 100:22 improvements [2] - 110:19; 254:10; 260:4 105:13; 106:12, 24; 107:9, imagine [11] - 20:17; 29:14; 200:2 house [8] - 97:18; 182:7, 18; 16; 108:10; 109:8, 22, 25; 41:9; 55:4; 79:7; 86:5; IN [2] - 1:1; 262:13 198:4, 13; 220:6; 244:11; 110:12; 111:1, 9, 11, 24; 102:2; 140:21; 167:25; in-situ [1] - 68:22 249:14 112:4, 8; 114:14; 115:21, 179:12 inadequate [1] - 18:4 household [1] - 233:1 24; 116:4, 23; 123:12; immediate [1] - 231:17 inaugural [1] - 14:20 households [2] - 16:16, 18 128:8, 10; 136:14; 141:6, immensely [2] - 76:10; Inc [1] - 2:14 houses [1] - 13:7 17-18; 148:5; 152:5; 195:19 incentive [5] - 4:11; 96:10; 156:18, 22, 25; 159:8; impact [43] - 16:1; 21:23; Hudson's [23] - 11:9, 11; 231:7; 241:23; 246:14 163:17; 165:3, 15; 166:25; 15:4; 16:2; 18:20; 26:3; 31:6; 35:4, 17; 36:11, 14; incentives [2] - 230:6; 32:25; 83:24; 85:21; 86:18; 167:3; 169:19; 170:10, 21; 37:6; 43:6; 81:17; 83:8, 15; 246:17 172:13, 16; 175:16; 87:19; 103:20; 107:2; 88:13; 109:24; 110:1; inception [1] - 128:24 178:17; 179:19; 182:13; 112:4, 7, 17; 113:6; 130:1; 115:9; 140:20; 142:12; include [3] - 6:11; 111:22; 176:20; 190:24; 191:1; 184:10, 13, 21; 196:24; 141:4; 145:13; 147:19; 231:13 197:15, 19; 198:9, 21; 148:8, 11, 18; 151:2, 17; 212:2; 222:23; 224:4 included [9] - 106:19; 205:9, 16, 19; 206:24; 157:21, 23; 158:5; 163:8; huge [15] - 50:16; 75:22; 107:20; 113:21; 114:10; 208:4; 210:5; 215:11; 210:3, 8; 211:1, 9; 214:16; 87:18; 130:19; 134:22, 25; 115:25; 124:25; 231:12; 223:24; 225:11; 232:19; 229:24; 231:24; 232:15; 168:7; 175:8; 179:3; 180:5; 254:1; 257:11 244:20; 253:25; 254:24; 258:4, 12 192:2; 195:14; 200:2; includes [8] - 105:4; 106:9;

Mainland Reporting Services Inc. 604.520.3838 [email protected] 18

111:6; 114:8; 136:7; 214:2; industry [34] - 42:2, 4; 44:4; insofar [1] - 152:14 introduce [2] - 121:19; 221:22; 229:7 59:14; 68:12; 94:8, 10, 22; inspector [1] - 120:14 178:15 including [15] - 16:7; 20:5; 138:4; 163:6; 177:6; instability [1] - 179:3 introduced [5] - 70:25; 39:14; 81:22; 92:20; 94:13; 196:21; 197:2, 6; 201:13; install [2] - 107:9; 210:6 123:6; 125:8; 135:18; 113:10; 165:6; 182:25; 205:11, 18; 207:24; installed [1] - 95:4 178:10 187:6; 240:4; 241:8; 254:2; 209:10; 210:2; 213:11, 25; instance [3] - 60:23; 173:10; introducing [1] - 141:8 259:2; 261:7 214:4; 215:17; 217:13; 250:3 introduction [1] - 38:20 inclusive [1] - 106:21 218:13; 219:7; 222:14; instances [1] - 18:3 introductory [1] - 161:9 income [9] - 171:15; 226:11; 224:22; 225:3; 229:13; instead [5] - 85:2; 182:10; inundated [2] - 148:3, 7 227:12; 233:1; 234:16; 246:8; 249:20 196:15; 207:24; 251:22 invaders [1] - 120:16 235:1, 13; 249:14, 17 infancy [1] - 27:21 instigator [1] - 121:6 invaluable [2] - 136:19; incomes [2] - 235:16, 22 inflation [1] - 31:18 Institute [16] - 3:14; 96:6; 161:18 inconceivable [1] - 195:7 influx [1] - 223:19 104:8; 120:4, 13-14, 19, invasion [1] - 89:21 incorporate [1] - 258:12 influxing [1] - 193:1 24; 121:8; 122:2, 9, 15; invasive [1] - 89:20 incorporated [1] - 122:8 informally [1] - 57:17 123:4, 19; 136:2; 253:21 inventory [2] - 243:6; 247:13 incorrect [1] - 145:15 information [26] - 6:12, 16, institute [6] - 94:5; 121:3, 5; investigating [1] - 204:25 increase [18] - 24:3; 36:11; 19; 8:3, 16; 13:19; 33:10; 130:2; 134:4; 257:15 investigation [1] - 16:25 47:5; 48:25; 94:1; 96:8; 65:13; 66:17; 70:16; 72:24; institute's [1] - 122:5 investment [4] - 55:14; 124:19; 158:6, 17; 190:6; 79:16; 111:1, 17; 121:12; institutes [3] - 122:21, 23; 108:21; 150:11; 232:24 214:19; 219:9; 223:17, 20; 133:21; 135:9; 153:7; 129:6 investments [2] - 14:23; 232:11, 25; 249:23 158:24; 159:1; 173:24; Institutes [2] - 124:10; 125:6 41:22 increased [5] - 96:10; 174:14; 221:11, 16; 239:20 instructions [1] - 95:17 invite [2] - 160:9; 233:15 126:12; 171:19; 225:3; informed [4] - 93:17, 19; insurance [1] - 174:6 involved [14] - 8:7; 28:23; 257:22 122:6; 152:21 Integrated [3] - 255:12; 35:6; 81:19; 122:7; 124:2; increasing [6] - 94:13, 16, informing [1] - 260:22 259:7; 260:11 187:13; 192:4, 10; 198:24; 23; 96:11; 133:15; 212:17 informs [1] - 260:10 integrated [1] - 141:18 206:14; 209:9; 246:6; increasingly [1] - 229:6 infrastructure [14] - 108:21; integrity [3] - 108:19; 122:24; 248:17 incredibly [1] - 131:23 111:6; 115:19, 23; 214:2; 170:21 involvement [5] - 7:19; incumbent [1] - 74:12 215:9; 217:15; 232:3, 17; intelligent [1] - 214:23 81:21; 216:23; 219:13 incur [1] - 23:23 246:22; 247:3, 7, 14; intended [2] - 17:24; 231:9 Iona [1] - 122:17 incurring [1] - 251:13 254:19 intensive [2] - 147:11, 15 ironclad [2] - 56:15; 57:1 infrastructures [1] - 223:19 indeed [5] - 135:18; 176:2; intent [1] - 218:23 IRP [2] - 259:12; 260:10 infringe [1] - 7:4 191:15; 215:16; 221:3 intently [1] - 134:14 irrigable [1] - 192:17 inhabited [1] - 189:12 independent [4] - 7:6; 8:4; interest [14] - 13:15; 14:3; irrigate [1] - 204:11 58:5; 106:8 inherent [1] - 161:24 25:12; 94:17, 23; 150:18; irrigated [6] - 188:2, 18-19; INDEX [2] - 3:1; 4:1 initial [2] - 116:6; 148:3 161:17; 165:3, 8, 13; 189:2, 9; 204:5 indexed [1] - 31:18 initiative [1] - 125:21 216:5; 229:2; 242:15 irrigation [12] - 132:17; indicate [1] - 141:13 initiatives [1] - 255:15 interested [11] - 9:8; 22:12; 188:5, 7, 11, 15; 191:6; indicated [5] - 61:12; 74:13; injured [1] - 85:24 60:9; 122:6; 134:13, 17; 192:20, 25; 204:7, 12; 156:23; 158:14; 159:7 injuries [1] - 248:23 141:14; 144:15; 154:15; 226:17 indicates [3] - 133:11; INKSTER [2] - 233:19; 171:18; 248:12 Island [2] - 19:25; 246:24 147:19; 148:5 238:14 interesting [11] - 26:23; island [5] - 11:10; 83:23; indicating [2] - 125:3; 149:3 Inkster [7] - 3:24; 228:1, 3, 38:20; 44:13; 47:19; 58:12; 84:21; 89:22; 143:7 indirect [1] - 214:16 11; 233:16; 247:20; 261:10 84:24; 85:22; 92:15; islands [9] - 11:7, 9, 12, 20; indirectly [1] - 228:21 Inn [1] - 1:22 134:12; 145:21; 157:5 84:20; 86:23; 87:2; 89:19; individual [9] - 22:18; 30:9; innovation [3] - 231:11; interests [3] - 58:16; 142:5; 143:8 37:3; 84:10; 85:19; 128:13; 248:16, 18 163:20 issue [15] - 10:11; 25:21; 141:3; 153:1, 7 innovative [4] - 214:23; interfere [1] - 147:20 26:23; 36:13; 44:11; 48:19; individually [1] - 32:12 215:16; 251:4, 11 intergenerational [1] - 54:2; 63:18; 108:11; individuals [4] - 20:13; innovativeness [1] - 252:9 163:21 109:15; 115:15; 213:20; 66:12; 74:10; 247:4 input [3] - 164:24; 204:13; interim [1] - 205:2 214:19 induced [1] - 17:5 260:9 interior [1] - 246:24 issues [13] - 10:23; 61:8; indulgence [1] - 67:23 inputs [1] - 195:10 international [6] - 15:13; 62:10; 63:6; 87:17; 93:19; industrial [15] - 19:23; 57:2; inquire [1] - 198:4 17:5; 96:13; 122:11; 125:1; 103:20; 108:6; 126:21; 93:10; 157:10, 13; 209:15; inquirer [1] - 68:12 126:21 159:8; 163:17; 245:18; 210:12, 24; 211:3; 212:15; Inquirer [1] - 68:20 internet [1] - 186:6 255:17 213:21; 214:1; 223:4; insane [1] - 91:19 interpretation [1] - 7:3 items [2] - 132:4; 230:8 224:7; 255:2 insect [1] - 195:12 intervener [3] - 73:7; 141:12 itself [7] - 33:6; 41:11; industrialist [1] - 237:6 insects [2] - 195:25; 206:8 interveners [1] - 73:12 165:19; 188:20; 191:18; industries [6] - 138:1; inside [2] - 150:8; 152:8 interventions [2] - 39:1; 210:9 221:23; 229:11; 232:16; insight [1] - 98:10 74:17 233:1, 12 insisted [1] - 128:19 interview [1] - 96:25

Mainland Reporting Services Inc. 604.520.3838 [email protected] 19

J 29:17; 40:2; 44:14; 49:9; knoblauch [2] - 3:21; 186:3 Land [3] - 128:24; 178:23; 50:2, 4; 52:14; 69:5; 75:15 Knoblauch [10] - 76:7; 180:23 justification [1] - 6:13 175:1; 185:25; 186:8; landline [1] - 97:5 J-o-h-a-n-s-s-o-n [1] - 72:21 justified [1] - 166:12 202:23; 205:23; 208:23; landowner [4] - 149:8; 150:9; Jaccard [1] - 75:4 justify [2] - 118:23; 169:7 244:25; 245:5; 256:23 177:5; 181:5 JACKSON [1] - 102:20 knowing [7] - 56:5; 116:9; landowners [10] - 20:24; Jackson [4] - 3:7; 9:24; 12:8, K 122:22; 147:2, 7; 200:10; 21:10; 61:23; 106:14; 19 236:7 110:4, 15, 17; 114:9; James [5] - 3:13; 5:15; knowledge [2] - 75:9; 104:16 141:23 K-e-l-l-y [1] - 176:14 103:1, 3, 11 known [6] - 13:21; 35:7; Landry [1] - 120:18 keep [5] - 64:15; 73:2; 133:7; JAMES [6] - 103:4; 118:12, 79:17; 125:9; 160:18; lands [18] - 18:15, 18; 19:18; 16, 20; 119:9, 25 249:5 187:9 110:17; 111:15; 113:19; keeper [1] - 88:9 January [5] - 1:13; 5:1; 94:9; knows [1] - 184:13 114:8; 124:17; 125:4; keepers [1] - 89:9 96:24; 262:14 Kootenays [1] - 45:15 129:2; 130:15; 131:3; Kelly [7] - 3:20; 176:8, 12-13; jewel [1] - 220:15 Kowalyk [1] - 2:15 132:9; 135:8; 138:11; 201:24; 261:1 JILL [3] - 120:10; 136:1; Kruger [1] - 179:15 186:15, 21; 187:2 138:17 KELLY [2] - 176:9, 13 landscape [2] - 98:6; 197:20 Kelowna [1] - 236:19 Jill [4] - 3:15; 120:1, 5, 10 L landslide [3] - 84:9; 102:11; Jim [10] - 2:4; 3:24; 228:1, 3, Ken [1] - 99:20 112:7 10, 12; 233:16, 18; 238:14 Kennebec [1] - 193:20 landslides [4] - 10:19; 84:10; JIM [2] - 233:19; 238:14 Kennedy [1] - 233:24 L-i-t-t-l-e [1] - 103:12 87:24 [6] job [20] - 6:2; 26:15, 20; 27:1; kept [3] - 87:6; 123:22; labour - 14:6, 8, 17; Langham [1] - 219:18 131:9; 155:4; 200:19 38:6; 40:22; 50:18; 58:7; 170:11 language [2] - 236:3; 258:15 labourers [1] - 14:12 70:13; 78:24; 121:17; KEVIN [15] - 76:6; 175:1, 4, lapping [1] - 143:1 labs [1] - 102:13 155:8; 213:4; 220:1; 7; 185:1, 5, 8; 186:4, 10; laptops [1] - 232:7 lack [7] - 126:19; 129:25; 234:24; 235:7; 236:20 205:24; 206:13; 208:12; large [20] - 13:25; 15:15; job-related [1] - 236:20 209:2; 245:6, 14 130:20; 165:18; 197:2; 17:7; 19:21; 23:4; 42:2; jobs [8] - 31:12; 154:24; kevin [2] - 3:21; 186:3 206:8 47:19; 48:1, 22; 53:1, 13; 155:13; 213:10; 226:20; Kevin [4] - 76:6; 175:1; lacking [1] - 18:3 86:6; 93:10; 96:4; 117:24; 235:5; 250:22; 252:15 185:25; 202:7 lacks [1] - 133:6 130:24; 137:6; 138:20; Jocelyne [5] - 2:3; 5:15; key [3] - 16:7; 254:4, 23 Ladies [2] - 82:12; 160:8 168:22; 200:9 59:19; 173:2; 206:2 Khosla [1] - 96:14 ladies [2] - 5:6; 139:12 largely [2] - 192:19; 194:23 JOHANSSON [5] - 72:20; kick [1] - 156:13 lady [2] - 60:16; 88:12 larger [3] - 41:25; 107:22; 73:19; 74:22; 141:1; kid [2] - 76:11; 176:15 lake [7] - 92:11; 93:5; 116:9; 111:20 159:24 kids [7] - 101:13; 139:14; 179:12, 14; 222:1; 226:16 largest [2] - 155:2; 232:17 Johansson [7] - 3:17; 72:19; 180:11; 200:17; 208:22; Lake [4] - 179:8; 184:15; last [33] - 8:25; 10:7; 35:15; 73:17; 140:19, 25; 160:2 250:12 237:19, 21 47:22; 84:12; 89:4; 103:11, John [23] - 3:6; 9:22; 12:6, Kiewit [1] - 234:7 lakes [1] - 137:18 14; 106:4; 119:1; 120:11; 17; 26:2; 32:21, 24; 88:15; kilogram [2] - 164:23; 173:15 land [116] - 16:4, 14; 17:17, 131:4; 132:13; 137:24; 90:15; 91:7, 9; 95:3; kilograms [4] - 164:20-22; 19; 18:16, 22, 25; 21:16; 138:5; 147:18; 155:1; 104:24; 130:14; 142:13; 173:14 26:7, 17; 35:4, 18, 23; 159:18; 172:1; 183:20; 161:3; 181:7; 190:24; kilometres [4] - 11:10; 142:9, 36:8, 16; 43:11; 60:17; 184:11; 189:12; 196:18; 201:21; 212:2; 222:23; 11; 229:17 61:21; 62:6; 76:14; 81:12, 204:18; 206:22; 208:16; 224:3; 245:11 kind [26] - 19:9; 44:21; 52:11, 17, 23; 98:2; 104:10, 218:20; 226:5; 230:10; join [1] - 42:16 25; 63:8; 76:11; 83:3; 13-14, 23-24; 105:3-5; 241:5; 247:24 joined [3] - 12:16; 228:9; 85:18; 86:10; 88:6; 91:10; 106:12; 110:3, 5-6, 15, late [5] - 91:7; 141:17; 230:1 137:18; 138:4; 141:13; 20-21, 24; 111:5, 22; 194:14; 211:16; 220:1 JOINT [3] - 1:1; 2:2 144:18; 147:23; 148:1; 112:1, 3, 23; 113:4, 8, 13; latest [1] - 108:11 joke [1] - 200:13 149:21; 171:8; 172:5; 114:5, 7, 10, 13, 17, 19; laughed [1] - 165:12 journal [3] - 15:13; 17:4; 19:7 186:13; 191:12; 196:17; 120:20; 121:21; 124:20; launch [11] - 105:22; 108:24; judged [1] - 129:13 197:11; 251:23; 258:9 126:2, 20; 127:20, 24-25; 109:5, 11, 13, 23; 220:22; Judith [2] - 124:7; 149:3 kinda [1] - 182:16 128:5, 22; 129:5, 7; 130:2, 256:13 17, 24-25; 131:6; 134:22, Judy [4] - 3:7; 9:25; 12:10, kinds [9] - 27:4; 200:25; launched [3] - 109:2, 7; 20 211:13; 240:16; 242:7, 9, 24; 135:21; 136:6, 17; 125:21 139:18; 148:7, 17; 149:1, juice [1] - 240:10 18; 243:1 launches [4] - 108:23; 115:2; 9; 150:7, 12, 18; 161:24; July [1] - 109:2 Kinsmen [1] - 216:9 256:17, 21 163:13; 164:10; 168:7; jump [2] - 152:1; 225:12 Kiskatinaw [1] - 189:16 Lavelin [1] - 112:9 178:24; 181:13, 16, 23; jumped [1] - 116:8 knives [1] - 138:20 law [6] - 61:5, 11, 13, 20; 183:16; 187:25; 188:10, jumping [1] - 244:24 KNOBLAUCH [17] - 76:6; 84:25; 178:19 19-20; 189:21; 194:11; June [1] - 132:8 175:1, 4, 7; 185:1, 5, 8; lawns [2] - 198:1, 16 201:8-10; 204:10, 17; jurisdiction [4] - 34:17; 186:4, 10; 203:1, 4; laws [3] - 7:11; 178:23; 206:5; 255:19, 22, 24; 55:21; 61:6; 255:3 205:24; 206:13; 208:12; 218:11 257:1, 16, 20; 258:10 jurisdictions [10] - 27:16; 209:2; 245:6, 14 lawyer [3] - 8:2; 61:24; 171:4

Mainland Reporting Services Inc. 604.520.3838 [email protected] 20

lawyers [2] - 64:21; 99:1 171:18; 249:8; 261:8 174:2; 178:13; 202:18; logging [1] - 109:8 lay [1] - 39:8 Lekstrom's [2] - 56:3; 62:16 215:9; 258:12 logs [1] - 109:10 laying [2] - 85:22; 95:10 lender [1] - 157:17 lines [12] - 43:12, 15; 78:11; London's [1] - 83:22 leaching [1] - 10:24 length [2] - 63:24; 65:6 83:15; 111:23; 112:18; long-term [8] - 41:21; 64:4; lead [2] - 40:11; 116:3 lens [1] - 16:9 113:7, 15; 116:8; 148:8; 67:17; 108:7; 161:17; leader [1] - 54:7 Leo [1] - 161:14 215:12; 258:4 197:5; 236:13; 259:1 leaders [2] - 40:5; 55:22 less [17] - 46:19; 51:23; 54:4; linings [1] - 98:22 look [51] - 16:10; 25:3; 27:13, leadership [4] - 41:19; 44:14, 69:12; 83:2; 98:12; 164:1; link [1] - 83:11 25; 29:24; 30:2; 31:2; 16; 229:23 165:12; 195:9; 206:15; linked [1] - 10:18 33:18; 38:14; 40:14; 42:24; leading [2] - 73:18; 80:9 210:11; 211:9, 18; 213:23; lips [1] - 88:23 50:19; 54:8, 22; 55:12, 15, Leanne [1] - 2:15 225:20; 229:17; 236:12 liquid [1] - 218:25 17; 58:3; 67:11, 13; 70:15; learn [7] - 32:5, 19; 34:7; lessen [1] - 43:24 liquified [2] - 28:13; 224:22 74:4, 12; 79:5; 80:9; 91:10; 65:19; 167:11; 212:7; letter [1] - 123:25 liquifying [1] - 44:5 95:5; 97:6, 25; 124:14; 221:9 letter-writing [1] - 123:25 list [6] - 49:25; 50:5; 96:15; 129:7; 131:20; 150:21; learned [3] - 26:4; 167:18; letters [4] - 64:13; 124:4, 25; 195:24; 216:23; 241:17 152:16; 153:11; 156:20; 180:17 242:24 listen [3] - 121:14; 143:1; 162:25; 165:7; 174:8; learning [3] - 70:18; 134:17; lettuce [1] - 132:10 145:21 204:19; 207:12; 222:13; 221:3 level [8] - 65:16; 73:25; listened [5] - 76:11; 134:14; 237:5; 246:17; 248:16; least [10] - 52:23; 115:12; 79:22; 98:11; 124:18; 167:18; 197:8; 221:14 251:3, 12; 252:8, 25; 253:1 147:6; 148:5; 149:12; 232:22; 240:13 listening [6] - 25:11; 123:18; looked [10] - 17:3; 33:15; 169:3; 179:10; 205:19; levelling [1] - 74:1 185:24; 221:10; 248:5; 41:2; 50:15; 60:1; 80:22; 214:5; 260:16 levels [6] - 92:25; 93:6; 251:25 88:7; 159:1; 164:15; 251:3 leave [14] - 26:16, 18; 36:1; 108:25; 109:1; 214:9; lists [1] - 94:11 looking [18] - 26:16; 45:2; 38:8; 51:3, 7, 9; 101:19; 260:12 literally [2] - 57:19; 116:7 60:19; 63:25; 64:24; 74:1; 144:3; 181:2; 203:12; liaison [1] - 13:12 literature [2] - 17:3; 144:16 91:14; 105:7; 143:4; 169:2, 252:12; 253:5, 17 Liard [2] - 54:8; 208:9 LITTLE [6] - 103:4; 118:12, 10; 202:10; 236:15; leaves [1] - 88:16 liberal [1] - 237:3 16, 20; 119:9, 25 242:22; 244:3, 20; 250:25; leaving [4] - 124:23; 197:12; lick [1] - 179:25 live [19] - 22:24; 27:11; 252:9 lookout [1] - 91:12 199:11; 203:17 Lieutenant [2] - 122:18; 29:16; 32:15; 40:21, 25; LED [1] - 230:20 124:7 95:14; 100:20; 132:9; looks [2] - 54:15; 164:11 led [2] - 40:8; 112:14 Lieutenant-governor [2] - 141:15; 142:7, 22; 146:19; loon [1] - 143:2 left [25] - 5:14; 52:11; 63:3; 122:18; 124:7 147:3, 6; 217:3; 236:24 lose [7] - 64:19; 136:16, 22; 64:3; 67:19; 85:13; 86:22; life [20] - 22:19; 26:10; 31:21; lived [3] - 22:18; 216:4; 191:13; 207:21; 251:14, 24 120:17, 21; 121:1; 130:5; 32:7; 35:20; 47:17; 54:12; 235:3 losing [2] - 173:8 142:17, 19; 148:10; 151:3, 60:23; 70:5; 103:15; 107:1; lively [1] - 248:8 loss [16] - 4:7; 17:19; 53:13, 6; 168:8; 181:1; 189:23; 127:4; 143:10; 151:20; lives [4] - 123:3; 169:8; 16; 54:19; 60:23; 65:5; 194:7; 195:1; 236:16; 217:7; 238:2; 251:19; 202:4; 223:15 76:13; 130:3; 136:8; 250:2; 252:23 252:7 living [6] - 40:23; 95:21; 145:14; 163:4; 174:9, 19; left-hand [1] - 52:11 life-long [1] - 103:15 142:23; 220:13; 251:18 175:18 legacy [7] - 101:19; 194:17; lifespan [2] - 106:23; 107:3 LNG [14] - 24:6; 42:1, 4; losses [5] - 17:24; 19:2; 199:12, 18; 200:20; 207:22 lifestyle [2] - 172:5; 236:9 43:8, 21; 44:3; 56:17; 75:9; 55:9; 211:5, 20 legal [2] - 18:9; 19:1 lifestyles [1] - 23:24 117:22; 155:3, 5; 178:1; lost [18] - 60:14; 77:2; Legal [4] - 2:5, 9 lifetime's [1] - 207:4 221:22; 225:6 106:15; 114:7; 136:7; 161:16, 23; 173:7, 18; legally [1] - 256:4 lifetimes [2] - 207:5 load [7] - 157:10; 240:4, 12; 186:15; 188:11; 189:4, 17, legislation [7] - 18:17; 57:9; lift [1] - 136:11 244:2; 254:7, 9; 255:14 23; 204:21, 24; 207:14; 61:8; 64:6; 152:6; 154:17; lifting [1] - 187:21 loam [1] - 188:4 236:22 223:10 light [5] - 25:22; 51:4; local [21] - 13:3, 12, 16, 18; love [2] - 91:4; 199:10 legislature [5] - 33:25; 34:6; 126:21; 147:23; 231:13 14:4; 65:16; 81:21; 124:18; loved [1] - 101:16 61:9; 63:3; 183:24 Lights [1] - 14:15 125:18; 134:11; 164:24; loving [1] - 144:9 legitimate [1] - 45:13 lights [3] - 51:2, 7; 230:20 202:21; 203:20, 22; 210:1; low [13] - 17:12; 28:22, 24; LEKSTROM [33] - 22:11; likely [3] - 169:6; 239:14; 213:9; 219:23; 232:21; 52:20; 58:23; 95:9; 106:3; 39:18, 24; 42:22; 45:6, 17; 243:14 233:17; 243:15; 251:20 156:6; 157:13; 181:24; 48:17; 50:15; 52:4, 7, 16; likened [1] - 101:11 locally [3] - 14:4; 125:11; 213:7, 18; 255:3 53:22; 56:3; 57:21; 61:3; limbo [1] - 206:22 127:7 low-cost [1] - 255:3 62:19; 65:1, 8; 68:1, 6; limited [6] - 106:9; 110:20; located [2] - 112:23; 136:17 low-hanging [1] - 95:9 69:8; 70:22; 71:1, 22; 115:19; 190:12; 201:21; location [9] - 6:20; 29:20; Lower [5] - 48:1; 163:1; 73:22; 75:11; 77:25; 78:18; 257:10 34:22; 48:14; 55:17; 177:1; 195:11; 245:8; 246:23 79:9; 80:2, 24; 81:13; 82:6 limits [1] - 109:3 187:15; 189:16; 190:12 lower [6] - 11:19; 86:4; Lekstrom [23] - 3:10; 22:5, line [26] - 16:1; 20:6; 52:8; locations [1] - 107:20 124:24; 191:11; 229:22; 10; 30:9; 38:19; 59:18; 55:23; 83:8; 87:22; 105:21; lock [1] - 70:1 245:23 62:24; 63:3, 7; 64:16, 25; 112:4, 7; 116:4; 148:9, 11, lock-up [1] - 70:1 lowest [3] - 41:3; 67:20 65:1; 68:10; 69:3; 77:14, 18; 150:8; 151:7; 168:21; locked [1] - 181:10 18; 82:2; 145:22; 151:25; log [1] - 92:17 lucky [1] - 185:8

Mainland Reporting Services Inc. 604.520.3838 [email protected] 21

Lynx [2] - 181:13; 182:22 mantra [1] - 93:12 Mayor's [1] - 62:20 121:16; 202:2; 224:20; manufacturer [1] - 239:21 Mayors [2] - 13:9; 222:22 257:6 M manufacturers [5] - 239:7, 9; McDonalds [1] - 201:23 mentioned [24] - 20:10; 240:17; 245:20 McGregor [3] - 184:14, 16; 39:10; 54:23; 56:16; 76:18; manure [3] - 198:3, 5, 15 261:2 79:21; 146:1, 22; 154:18; m'mm [1] - 240:6 map [4] - 88:6; 107:20, 22; mean [25] - 33:6; 34:1; 39:20; 159:19; 172:8; 177:3; m'mm-hmm [1] - 240:6 162:25 44:1; 45:4, 11, 19; 47:8, 180:6, 8, 17; 181:5, 8; machine [1] - 58:21 marathon [1] - 247:10 24; 51:13; 58:13; 61:4; 183:19; 223:7; 224:21; machinists [1] - 14:13 margin [1] - 53:9 65:18; 69:15; 70:17; 74:1, 238:19; 246:13; 253:17; Mackenzie [3] - 84:15; margins [1] - 152:3 16; 75:21; 80:8; 157:7, 18; 254:13 100:20; 101:10 MARILYN [9] - 63:1; 65:2; 172:4; 213:9; 215:11; mentioning [1] - 224:23 mad [1] - 167:17 66:21; 89:17; 243:21; 240:14 mercy [1] - 246:4 Madam [4] - 11:5; 15:4; 92:9; 244:7, 23; 245:1; 248:1 meaning [1] - 136:14 merit [1] - 25:19 151:11 Marilyn [8] - 63:1; 65:11, 15; means [8] - 46:7; 47:16; message [2] - 223:1, 6 madam [3] - 15:5, 12; 62:25 66:16; 89:17; 243:21; 95:7; 106:4; 112:1; 124:22; messages [1] - 149:2 madam's [1] - 21:4 247:25; 248:4 161:16; 210:23 met [3] - 6:25; 95:24; 99:24 magazine [4] - 68:12; 159:6; Mark [1] - 75:4 meant [4] - 28:19; 91:1; metal [3] - 10:24; 95:25; 170:24; 171:7 mark [3] - 111:9, 11; 179:6 131:22; 168:15 230:16 magazine's [1] - 96:15 marked [1] - 14:20 measured [1] - 160:22 meter [1] - 254:15 magnificent [1] - 146:15 market [25] - 18:21, 24; measures [5] - 6:9, 14; metering [1] - 254:12 magnitude [5] - 25:18; 24:17; 28:17, 20; 29:6; 17:24; 80:12; 106:22 methane [1] - 92:21 36:18; 42:24; 72:4; 229:9 76:9; 97:7; 180:1; 194:18; media [1] - 155:2 methods [4] - 156:3; 183:3; mails [1] - 125:2 195:1; 199:7; 201:19; medium [1] - 13:25 211:6, 18 main [1] - 71:6 202:19; 229:18; 231:23; meet [13] - 34:19; 37:12; metres [3] - 33:6; 179:6 mainland [1] - 84:21 240:15, 19; 242:7, 9-10; 38:15; 46:6, 9, 25; 48:22; mic [1] - 81:4 Mainland [6] - 2:14; 48:2; 246:5, 9; 260:13, 24 223:3; 229:6; 239:10; micro [1] - 133:13 163:1; 195:11; 245:9; marketing [2] - 246:19; 250:8; 255:11, 13 micro-organisms [1] - 246:23 247:15 meeting [11] - 15:4; 24:15; 133:13 mainstream [1] - 96:20 marketplace [1] - 260:8 49:2; 95:7; 96:13; 124:9; microclimate [12] - 127:25; maintain [7] - 40:24; 47:16; markets [3] - 44:7; 202:17; 157:5; 181:7, 19; 261:18 128:5; 132:18; 135:5; 53:24; 55:10; 69:25; 246:3 meetings [8] - 13:6; 99:9; 145:5; 187:22; 189:8; 151:19; 188:12 married [2] - 91:2; 92:3 123:23; 158:21, 23; 170:9; 191:5; 196:3, 5, 11; 206:7 maintained [1] - 122:24 mass [1] - 26:8 206:17 micronutrients [1] - 132:22 maintaining [1] - 220:2 match [1] - 117:19 meets [1] - 127:2 microphones [1] - 8:21 maintenance [8] - 115:8, 20, material [6] - 38:24; 84:6; mega [8] - 167:19; 178:14; middle [5] - 55:7; 58:22; 22; 116:1; 165:4, 9; 106:25; 107:14; 108:16; 223:12, 22; 248:20; 87:13; 101:2; 143:7 197:21; 256:16 109:10 249:24; 251:14; 252:11 might [23] - 5:19; 48:11; major [4] - 128:25; 191:21; materials [2] - 113:9 megawatt [3] - 53:6, 10; 67:14; 70:8; 78:14; 79:4; 192:7; 218:20 matter [14] - 7:23; 11:4; 33:1; 69:12 100:20; 101:13; 102:5; majority [9] - 14:9; 20:20; 47:23; 76:4; 98:21; 100:11; megawatts [4] - 45:11; 111:2; 151:11, 25; 154:12; 98:7, 17, 19; 186:21; 150:18; 152:24; 162:8; 68:25; 69:1; 254:16 163:9; 167:2; 175:20; 187:1; 239:1; 245:10 183:11; 200:18; 217:19; melons [4] - 131:13; 132:5; 182:12; 185:10; 214:14; makers [1] - 98:25 226:4 164:17; 200:1 215:6; 225:19; 252:12 malls [1] - 134:22 MATTER [1] - 1:1 melt [1] - 143:3 mighty [2] - 217:5; 220:14 man [2] - 88:13; 191:14 matters [2] - 8:6; 19:15 member [15] - 41:7; 77:19; migratory [1] - 143:10 man's [2] - 93:16 Mattison [4] - 2:4; 5:15; 104:6; 120:13, 18, 23; Mike [4] - 3:6; 9:23; 12:7, 18 manage [3] - 180:6; 226:14 62:14; 238:10 122:14; 141:16; 172:13, mileage [2] - 229:22; 239:10 managed [5] - 166:17; MATTISON [6] - 238:11, 15, 15; 216:16; 220:20; miles [4] - 179:13; 181:1, 3; 171:23; 217:15; 234:19 18; 239:4, 23; 240:1 222:25; 225:13 204:2 management [11] - 6:9; mature [1] - 32:5 Members [3] - 68:7; 77:16; Miles [1] - 219:15 94:15, 17; 104:10, 23, 25; Maurice [1] - 104:15 82:19 milk [1] - 134:9 105:4; 159:23; 254:9; maximize [1] - 258:13 members [17] - 22:12; 23:13; mill [1] - 251:1 260:12, 19 maximum [3] - 79:25; 80:20, 37:17; 38:5; 66:9; 124:2, million [21] - 23:17; 31:17; manager [5] - 12:17, 19; 25 4-5; 160:15; 209:13; 36:9, 15; 95:18; 164:20, 216:18, 21 Maya [6] - 3:16; 120:2, 8, 23; 210:25; 220:24; 229:11; 22, 25; 165:5; 173:14, 16; Manager [2] - 2:7 121:21; 129:19 230:17; 232:16; 235:15; 195:5, 8; 196:14; 217:24; managers [1] - 254:4 MAYA [1] - 129:19 237:4 227:16; 232:6; 238:22; managing [2] - 147:16; 159:9 mayor [3] - 32:13; 66:18; membership [3] - 209:9, 11; 246:15 manipulating [1] - 50:12 67:1 214:20 millions [3] - 17:8; 74:19; Manitoba [4] - 91:2, 16; Mayor [8] - 32:20; 35:6; memory [1] - 33:8 99:13 176:17; 200:4 72:19; 73:17; 216:7; 221:7; men [3] - 169:18; 220:12; mind [11] - 24:24; 25:17; manner [4] - 6:5, 17; 69:25; 248:5; 261:8 249:1 30:16; 33:17; 43:1; 49:23; 163:22 mention [6] - 76:22; 112:7; 75:17; 131:8; 170:21;

Mainland Reporting Services Inc. 604.520.3838 [email protected] 22

237:18; 248:10 money [16] - 36:13; 47:15; 61:3; 62:19; 65:1, 8; 68:1, 167:14; 170:1; 174:24; mindful [1] - 223:7 53:15; 62:5; 74:6; 77:24; 6; 69:8; 70:20, 22-23; 71:1, 175:2; 176:13; 181:23; minds [2] - 32:3; 42:10 136:21; 156:19; 161:14; 4, 15, 22; 73:22; 75:11; 202:2; 212:24; 216:3; mindset [1] - 79:17 165:10, 12, 22; 166:1, 5; 76:6; 77:15, 25; 78:8, 18, 224:18; 228:7; 231:1; mine [4] - 25:12; 50:24; 67:3; 182:14; 246:21 25; 79:8, 19; 80:2, 16, 24; 237:2; 262:14 150:2 monitoring [5] - 107:10, 18; 81:6, 13, 25; 82:6, 18; name's [2] - 70:21; 76:6 mineralization [1] - 10:25 108:14; 117:9 84:8; 89:12; 90:2; 103:4; namely [2] - 203:22; 204:1 minerals [1] - 133:13 Montana [1] - 219:15 118:12, 16, 20; 119:9, 25; names [1] - 100:20 mines [4] - 129:1; 138:3; month [4] - 95:4; 124:3; 160:14; 172:12; 173:22; Nancy [3] - 2:15; 262:3, 19 139:6; 142:1 201:19; 230:10 174:13, 16; 175:1, 4, 7, 25; national [4] - 122:14; 125:2; minimal [1] - 164:2 months [1] - 182:19 176:6, 9, 13; 185:1, 5, 8; 129:10; 201:24 minimize [4] - 15:23; 16:11; Montney [1] - 54:8 186:4, 10; 203:1, 4; Nations [11] - 5:11; 12:21; 167:5; 183:15 moose [7] - 84:19; 85:16, 22; 205:24; 206:13; 208:12; 43:14; 88:16; 98:25; 101:9; minimizing [1] - 16:9 87:2, 4; 146:13, 23 209:2, 6; 213:16; 215:13; 106:13, 18; 114:8; 122:13; 216:1; 225:12, 23; 227:3, minimum [3] - 79:24; 80:18; Moran [1] - 162:11 224:5 235:5 morning [11] - 91:11; 101:2; 6, 8-10, 20, 23; 228:4; natural [49] - 28:10, 13, 15, 233:19; 238:11, 14-15, mining [1] - 189:18 133:17; 145:22; 151:11; 17; 29:3, 5; 43:3; 44:4, 6; 17-18; 239:1, 4-5, 23, 25; Minister [5] - 7:13; 129:1; 161:4; 171:3, 19; 250:7; 54:5; 56:18; 69:11; 74:24; 154:25; 178:21; 261:7 261:17 240:1, 6, 11, 25; 241:7, 10, 75:19; 91:8; 94:18; 111:15; 13; 242:3, 11-12; 243:11, minister [12] - 22:7; 34:2; mortgage [1] - 180:10 117:19, 21; 136:19; 153:2; 17, 19; 244:12; 245:6, 10, 37:3, 22; 39:4; 58:14; moss [1] - 198:3 154:5; 155:21; 156:5; 14, 18; 246:11; 247:21 60:20; 66:19; 77:22; 78:12; most [40] - 11:17; 18:7; 177:8, 10, 19, 23; 178:10, MS [49] - 10:4; 12:12; 21:22; 158:1 32:14; 43:25; 55:15; 73:4; 12; 205:4; 214:25; 217:9, 59:20; 63:1; 65:2; 66:21; ministers [1] - 60:20 79:18; 86:7; 93:4; 95:7; 14; 218:16, 25; 223:9; 68:9, 17; 72:20; 73:19; Ministry [3] - 111:14; 115:18; 100:21; 109:3; 117:18; 224:22; 225:25; 227:13; 74:22; 89:17; 90:14; 102:4, 246:21 133:7; 140:3; 142:21; 231:14; 238:20, 24; 239:6, 20, 24; 119:14; 120:10; minor [1] - 10:16 148:4; 160:22; 168:1; 13, 17, 22; 241:14 126:6; 129:19; 133:25; minute [6] - 85:11; 160:3; 183:22; 188:8, 23; 189:11, natural-gas-fired [2] - 136:1, 24; 138:15, 17, 23; 219:11; 227:4; 242:6; 13, 23; 192:17; 194:11; 155:21; 214:25 139:18, 24; 141:1; 159:24; 247:24 195:16; 203:16; 217:3; nature [5] - 6:23; 21:1; 59:15; 170:1; 173:3; 174:7, 15; minutes [4] - 90:20; 160:4; 230:18, 22; 235:3; 239:7; 70:10; 89:23 206:3; 208:11; 212:24; 202:24; 247:25 245:7; 246:3; 255:10; navigating [1] - 92:21 214:11; 215:19; 224:18; misconception [1] - 23:12 260:10, 23 naysayer [1] - 59:17 243:21; 244:7, 23; 245:1; misconceptions [1] - 93:21 mostly [2] - 82:24; 138:2 near [6] - 36:12; 85:21; 246:2; 248:1; 253:14 missed [2] - 157:22; 158:23 motel [1] - 252:17 86:18; 126:14; 142:23; much-needed [1] - 218:9 215:5 missing [1] - 168:16 mothballed [2] - 158:13 multiple [1] - 13:5 nearby [3] - 130:14; 220:13; mistake [2] - 72:13 mother [2] - 84:25; 219:18 municipal [2] - 221:7; 247:1 223:16 mistakes [2] - 167:11; 212:9 mother-in-law [1] - 84:25 municipalities [1] - 223:16 nearly [1] - 220:9 mitigate [3] - 26:18, 21; 37:9 motivated [1] - 14:16 Municipality [1] - 109:24 neat [1] - 86:10 mitigation [14] - 6:8, 14; motorcycle [1] - 251:23 Murphy [1] - 2:7 12:24; 17:20; 37:8, 10; mount [1] - 144:23 necessary [8] - 45:1; 96:8; museum [1] - 88:12 51:16; 106:12; 114:7; mountain [3] - 27:22; 108:15; 116:21; 141:10; must [19] - 25:19; 41:18; 211:23; 212:5; 256:3 177:23; 220:10 151:18; 162:13; 217:15 60:24; 68:3; 127:19; necessity [2] - 125:3; 259:19 mix [1] - 166:6 mountainous [1] - 163:13 138:11, 13; 159:11; need [53] - 8:8; 14:5; 19:12; MLAs [1] - 222:25 Mountains [4] - 26:7; 187:16, 173:17; 188:6; 209:21, 24; 23:11, 21; 24:1, 5-6; 33:15; Moberly [3] - 83:17; 102:11; 18; 208:9 211:19, 23-24; 212:5, 11 104:15 mountains [5] - 92:1, 4; 38:14; 42:8; 50:24; 51:13, mystery [1] - 89:3 18; 66:7; 71:21; 74:6; mobile [2] - 55:14; 92:22 137:12; 187:21; 189:15 myth [1] - 92:18 90:22; 97:6, 25; 102:14; mode [1] - 106:13 move [8] - 30:10; 31:5; 104:20; 106:7; 111:22; model [1] - 230:6 32:22; 49:5; 58:18; 75:23; N 113:19; 115:5; 117:12, 25; moderate [1] - 245:23 182:18; 208:24 123:24; 124:21; 126:13; moderate-temperature [1] - moved [11] - 11:16; 16:23; 136:18; 151:21; 153:14; 245:23 37:21; 176:17, 19; 210:18; Nagel [7] - 3:16; 120:2, 7, 21; 155:10; 158:18; 178:24; modern [1] - 191:12 219:17, 19; 220:9 121:1; 133:25; 139:13 180:25; 183:2, 19, 21; modernize [1] - 254:20 movement [2] - 17:7; 107:12 NAGEL [5] - 133:25; 136:24; 203:25; 210:12; 219:7; modest [2] - 41:19; 47:4 moving [8] - 19:1; 35:8; 36:5; 138:15, 23; 139:24 68:20; 75:21; 86:5; 130:13; 221:20; 226:13, 18; 244:2; molar [2] - 202:2, 5 nailed [1] - 64:5 142:23 250:24; 254:20; 257:16; mom [3] - 176:17; 182:25; naive [1] - 198:7 MP [1] - 237:3 258:8 194:25 name [31] - 5:14, 18; 8:25; needed [13] - 56:10; 71:11; MR [127] - 10:10; 21:9; 22:11; mom-and-pop [1] - 194:25 12:14; 63:1; 68:16; 75:5; 39:18, 24; 42:22; 45:6, 17; 103:9; 108:18; 129:23; moment [2] - 73:24; 202:25 77:16; 90:14; 103:11; 48:17; 50:15; 52:4, 7, 16; 132:23; 133:7, 14; 198:2; monetizable [1] - 162:2 120:11; 129:19; 160:16; 53:22; 55:23; 56:3; 57:21; 218:9; 225:3; 236:15;

Mainland Reporting Services Inc. 604.520.3838 [email protected] 23

237:5 NO [2] - 3:2; 4:2 34:14; 35:15; 36:15; 39:16, oddly-shaped [1] - 143:19 needing [1] - 130:8 nobody [4] - 76:16; 157:19; 19; 40:4; 46:2; 50:3; 54:17; OF [3] - 1:1; 3:1; 4:1 needs [18] - 16:10; 24:15; 207:8 62:9; 80:4, 7, 9, 22; 90:16; off-again [1] - 21:17 37:13; 46:7; 87:10; 106:22; non [3] - 46:12; 141:22; 96:15; 97:9; 98:7; 104:6, 9; offence [1] - 28:4 116:20; 117:1; 124:20; 241:9 105:12; 107:4; 108:6; offended [1] - 28:4 127:3; 140:9; 152:10; non-existent [1] - 241:9 110:13, 22; 111:8, 16, offer [2] - 15:1; 254:12 179:1; 205:5, 21; 207:8; non-peak [1] - 46:12 20-21; 113:22; 116:13; offers [1] - 230:5 226:22; 259:21 non-profit [1] - 141:22 117:1; 118:7; 119:14; OFFICE [1] - 1:8 negative [2] - 59:9; 210:3 none [3] - 24:7; 194:20; 139:16; 144:13; 145:9; Office [1] - 7:15 negatively [1] - 222:17 217:7 146:15, 19; 153:22; 156:8; office [5] - 51:1; 72:12; negotiated [3] - 18:6; 31:15; Nor-pioneer [2] - 120:13, 24 159:8, 17; 161:7; 170:25; 95:20; 139:3; 247:5 172:19; 173:11; 174:3; 217:21 normal [1] - 87:11 official [2] - 65:16; 131:5 231:25; 232:4; 239:17; negotiation [1] - 18:9 normally [2] - 111:24; 138:20 Official [2] - 262:3, 20 240:17; 243:7; 245:18; negotiations [1] - 18:14 north [16] - 32:16; 53:10; officially [2] - 100:15; 181:21 246:12; 251:1; 253:15; neighbour [2] - 182:6; 55:6; 135:4; 145:2, 21; offs [2] - 96:18; 249:11 255:17; 258:22; 261:7 183:21 190:1; 197:6; 203:24; offset [4] - 25:4; 28:1; 49:15; numbers [10] - 24:2; 25:3; neighbourhood [1] - 168:24 205:21; 209:22, 25; 211:5 31:10, 14, 20; 78:1; 98:1; neighbours [1] - 144:11 217:19; 219:16; 223:23; offshore [1] - 28:14 161:8; 173:6; 241:15 Nelson [2] - 104:22; 250:10 252:21 often [7] - 82:3; 87:12; 93:11, numerous [1] - 196:7 nest [1] - 234:9 North [10] - 14:22; 40:12; 20, 22; 144:2; 145:24 NUNN [1] - 10:10 Nestle [1] - 63:12 41:3; 47:13; 74:17; 97:7; Oil [1] - 68:19 Nunn [6] - 3:6; 9:22; 10:8; net [7] - 23:16; 24:15; 28:5; 104:11; 192:13; 193:7; oil [18] - 41:20, 22; 68:11, 22; 11:25; 12:6, 17 45:23; 228:20; 254:12, 15 221:19 141:20, 24; 168:7; 177:6; nutrient [3] - 133:1, 8, 14 networks [1] - 214:21 north-south [1] - 145:2 209:9; 213:10; 214:3; nutrient-dense [1] - 133:14 never [22] - 22:22; 45:5; 59:7; northeast [13] - 26:1; 31:23; 218:12; 226:1, 5, 18; 62:8; 72:11; 91:21; 93:6; 32:9, 22; 132:4; 142:1, 16; nutrients [1] - 133:7 249:23; 250:14 nutrition [3] - 127:2; 130:2; 98:15, 20; 100:16; 101:15, 210:10; 213:22; 222:19; oilman's [1] - 209:7 133:6 17; 131:1; 170:20; 171:14; 223:1; 225:4; 233:5 oilmen's [1] - 261:9 nutrition-deficient [1] - 190:14; 204:9, 11; 206:16; northeastern [2] - 91:5; 98:4 Oilmen's [2] - 209:8, 11 133:6 220:17; 236:5; 239:8 northerly [1] - 168:2 Okada [1] - 15:16 nutritional [1] - 132:21 New [9] - 84:25; 228:8, 16, northern [16] - 114:18; Okanagan [5] - 130:7; 187:8; nutritious [1] - 125:10 24; 229:23; 230:15; 231:3; 126:23; 128:6; 131:22; 190:1; 195:11; 201:15 233:6; 261:10 133:16; 144:2; 187:5; old [17] - 92:16; 95:25; 139:5; new [37] - 14:21; 43:12; 189:7; 190:13; 204:4; O 140:1; 146:24; 160:19, 50:22; 51:20; 53:9; 55:13; 209:20; 211:17; 216:13; 24-25; 168:4; 183:3; 69:4; 78:3; 79:16; 83:8; 233:9; 234:6; 237:3 o'clock [4] - 161:3; 175:6; 194:11; 233:25; 248:15; 87:22; 94:14; 105:14; Northern [1] - 14:15 185:15, 21 249:13; 252:11; 260:15 120:16; 151:7; 156:8; Northwest [1] - 128:7 [1] oath [1] - 8:1 old-growth - 168:4 163:19; 178:1; 182:6; northwest [2] - 69:2; 105:21 [2] obey [1] - 178:19 older - 64:9; 230:4 212:14; 213:25; 221:25; notable [1] - 190:5 oldest [1] - 248:25 object [1] - 161:15 228:17; 229:21; 230:12, note [19] - 8:18; 19:6; 24:10; ole [2] - 248:11 objective [5] - 34:19; 45:4, 8; 18; 233:11; 234:14; 25:24; 99:16; 118:8; 139:1; 147:16, 21 on-again [1] - 21:17 239:18; 248:12; 253:1; 145:1; 214:15; 241:4; obligation [4] - 75:16; 167:3, on-stream [1] - 69:4 258:11; 260:12, 21 254:23; 255:19; 256:25; 5; 255:1 once [12] - 10:25; 31:18; Newfoundland [1] - 251:17 257:17; 258:23; 259:17; obligations [1] - 256:3 99:15; 100:16; 109:6; news [1] - 170:19 260:15; 261:3, 6 observational [1] - 112:15 114:14; 136:6, 10; 166:15; next [29] - 24:3; 37:23; 76:5; noted [3] - 111:13; 256:4; 188:25; 202:18; 249:12 78:10; 82:14; 83:7; 84:24; observe [1] - 57:12 260:4 oncologist [1] - 100:14 obviously [3] - 45:19; 91:11; 92:11; 94:2; 102:6; notes [1] - 94:23 233:10; 236:3 one [163] - 14:14; 17:15; 106:3; 121:8; 130:17; nothing [7] - 47:16; 69:9; 21:9; 23:6; 24:24; 27:7, 22; occasion [2] - 34:8; 55:9 140:19; 157:25; 160:11; 167:21; 168:8; 182:8; 28:3; 29:10, 17; 32:19; occur [3] - 48:18; 162:23; 161:4; 171:3; 204:18; 199:2; 222:21 188:23 33:18; 37:14; 41:13; 44:10, 205:17; 208:25; 215:23; notice [1] - 234:23 16; 47:19; 48:3, 10; 50:24; occurred [4] - 100:17; 231:19; 235:18; 247:18; noticed [1] - 133:17 51:3, 16; 55:16, 25; 56:12, 108:12; 191:20; 204:9 248:7; 255:18 noting [1] - 214:12 16, 18; 57:22; 59:6; 60:6; occurrences [2] - 187:1; nice [4] - 44:25; 182:23; November [4] - 102:13; 61:5, 13; 65:3; 70:15; 212:17 196:5; 202:10 111:14; 173:5; 258:24 72:11, 22; 73:7; 75:4; 79:6, occurs [1] - 188:10 Nielsen [3] - 2:15; 262:3, 19 nowhere [1] - 190:3 20; 83:5, 7; 84:22; 85:24; ocean [1] - 193:1 night [3] - 58:22; 91:8; 202:5 nuclear [4] - 158:11; 183:23; 87:6, 11, 13, 16; 89:18; oceans [1] - 137:10 NIMBY [1] - 162:15 211:8, 12 90:23; 91:4, 7; 93:16; OCR [1] - 2:15 NIMBYs [1] - 163:3 number [74] - 15:7; 16:16, 95:17; 96:5, 15; 98:22; odd [1] - 154:25 nine [3] - 63:2, 4; 64:8 18; 17:10, 13; 19:22; 20:9, 99:5, 19; 101:2; 102:16; oddly [1] - 143:19 nitrogen [1] - 210:4 21; 25:16, 25; 26:6; 29:7; 103:8; 105:12, 14; 107:22;

Mainland Reporting Services Inc. 604.520.3838 [email protected] 24

113:1; 118:20; 119:9; 5:24; 12:25; 13:15, 24; output [1] - 232:25 panels [1] - 215:14 122:10; 124:9; 128:15; 14:4; 15:1; 24:21; 47:11; outs [2] - 107:25; 108:2 paper [8] - 15:14; 19:14; 131:10; 135:14; 136:25; 64:11, 17; 161:16; 173:8, outside [5] - 46:24; 113:14; 133:5; 171:22; 181:4; 137:16, 20, 24-25; 138:12; 18; 174:20; 210:14; 199:8; 215:5 253:20, 24; 254:22 139:9, 16; 142:19, 24; 212:14; 213:4; 233:11; overall [4] - 34:24; 62:11; papers [1] - 170:24 143:8; 144:4, 14; 146:24; 236:8, 23; 239:18 124:24; 255:24 paragraph [3] - 173:7; 147:1, 24; 148:10; 149:2, opportunity [28] - 9:15; 15:3; overcome [1] - 155:3 203:11, 16 12; 152:10; 155:11; 21:3; 27:17; 28:13; 40:3; overlapped [1] - 92:8 parcels [1] - 110:13 156:15; 159:4; 161:21; 43:9; 49:10; 75:22; 91:21; overlooking [1] - 88:22 pardon [4] - 68:17; 188:22; 162:16; 167:10; 168:5; 103:4; 141:2; 168:17; overnight [1] - 207:3 200:20; 241:14 170:23; 171:2, 16; 173:19; 175:5; 195:14; 199:25; overseas [1] - 44:7 parents [1] - 36:3 175:22; 178:2, 20; 180:20; 210:12; 212:19; 213:24; oversight [2] - 19:10; 64:4 park [5] - 109:19; 168:22; 181:12; 182:21; 183:24; 215:1; 220:19; 228:5; overstepping [1] - 214:15 169:21; 197:23; 220:16 184:8; 186:7; 189:11, 16; 234:6; 235:1; 238:8 overview [4] - 71:11; 83:6, Park [5] - 168:4, 11, 15, 19; 190:6; 191:1; 193:10, 12, oppose [2] - 37:1; 51:6 14 183:25 17; 199:7; 202:5; 203:15; opposed [5] - 36:17; 56:22; own [27] - 19:4; 24:15; 38:15; parliament [1] - 222:25 204:6; 206:17, 20; 208:7; 59:12; 123:17; 136:2 46:6, 9; 62:10; 93:1; 99:10; parliamentarians [1] - 213:3; 218:12; 221:8, 14; opposing [1] - 123:20 101:20, 22; 141:3; 170:8; 157:12 227:18, 24; 230:13; opposite [3] - 143:4, 16; 171:12, 15; 178:18; parsnips [3] - 202:5, 7 232:16; 234:5, 23; 235:1, 148:14 179:23; 182:1, 22; 194:2; Part [1] - 151:22 6-7; 236:1; 237:20; 241:1, opposition [7] - 34:9; 38:4; 214:24; 215:10; 243:15; part [43] - 7:7; 10:15; 14:17; 14; 244:6; 245:12, 25; 91:20; 93:10; 98:12; 123:4; 250:21 16:23; 22:17; 27:23; 31:23; 247:23; 249:18; 251:6, 22; 136:4 owned [6] - 17:1; 20:1, 4; 32:2; 33:12; 37:20; 39:11; 252:19; 256:12, 19; 260:9 opt [1] - 97:5 94:6; 234:19; 255:1 40:25; 41:24; 45:20; 49:4; one's [1] - 107:21 optimistic [1] - 223:5 owner [4] - 76:7; 216:18; 53:23; 55:15; 59:6; 62:8; onerous [1] - 102:15 option [7] - 18:7; 49:21; 228:12; 245:12 84:6; 86:7; 95:19; 111:3; ones [6] - 52:23; 86:8; 58:25; 86:3; 246:18; owners [14] - 15:22, 24; 116:6; 133:22; 136:20; 193:13; 202:10; 204:1; 255:10 16:12, 14; 18:14, 18, 21; 138:9; 143:23; 145:5, 10; 207:2 options [6] - 57:13; 96:11; 19:4, 18; 97:4; 110:6; 148:2, 4; 151:6, 23; 167:5; ongoing [3] - 115:24; 150:7; 215:15; 242:22; 259:9 230:6; 247:5; 258:14 169:8; 189:23; 197:25; 206:23 orchard [1] - 200:16 oxygen [1] - 11:2 198:25; 199:20; 233:7; online [6] - 46:20; 149:14; orchards [2] - 201:4, 11 239:5; 251:16 158:2, 4, 16 orchestra [1] - 252:6 P part-time [1] - 233:7 Ontario [2] - 122:3; 210:18 order [14] - 32:6; 42:20; PARTICIPANTS [1] - 2:8 op [3] - 201:25; 202:21; 53:24; 57:17; 73:20; participants [4] - 7:21; 251:2 102:13; 120:22; 144:4; p.m [4] - 5:3; 185:17, 19; 13:11; 91:24; 254:15 [7] 261:21 open - 12:22; 13:7, 22; 151:19; 153:11; 155:12; participate [1] - 166:18 PA [1] - 104:9 34:7; 57:3; 114:14; 181:8 167:15; 204:14; 219:5 participated [1] - 175:10 open-for-business [1] - paces [1] - 168:3 ordered [3] - 8:14; 171:2, 7 participation [1] - 7:19 13:22 Pacific [1] - 162:9 organic [2] - 195:14; 197:12 particular [9] - 42:9; 77:21; open-policy [1] - 57:3 organisations [1] - 74:11 package [1] - 134:10 99:19; 151:10; 186:23; opening [6] - 9:17; 10:3; organisms [1] - 133:13 paddle [1] - 84:14 203:15; 210:15; 234:13; 12:12; 29:13; 118:21; organization [7] - 121:19; paddled [1] - 190:21 235:4 219:12 122:2, 12, 15; 125:1; page [6] - 44:23; 47:20, 25; particularly [9] - 41:21; 50:3; Opening [3] - 3:3, 8; 5:5 126:24 105:6, 12; 173:6 55:6; 69:21; 118:5; 143:21; opens [1] - 205:13 organizations [1] - 247:4 PAGE [2] - 3:2; 4:2 155:19; 248:14; 254:3 operate [6] - 17:16; 20:21; orientation [6] - 145:3, 6; Pages [1] - 1:15 parties [2] - 9:8; 22:12 27:12; 57:8; 210:6; 225:6 187:13, 15; 201:9; 206:7 pages [2] - 107:21; 108:1 partly [2] - 158:9; 169:3 operation [11] - 17:21; 76:9; original [3] - 132:22; 148:13; paid [6] - 7:5; 48:3; 109:25; partner [1] - 46:19 108:8; 109:23, 25; 144:23; 239:21 157:1, 16; 259:3 partnered [1] - 13:18 150:17; 210:8; 232:14, 20; originally [4] - 23:15; 109:7; panel [49] - 2:7; 3:4; 4:4, 6, partnering [1] - 14:19 256:16 140:5; 153:11 10; 5:16; 6:2, 16, 22; 7:1, parts [2] - 138:3; 141:4 operations [7] - 17:14, 18; originated [1] - 134:11 6; 8:14; 9:4, 19; 12:3; party [1] - 67:12 111:15; 115:8; 198:4; 22:12; 37:18; 39:1; 57:7, ornamental [1] - 257:6 pass [1] - 61:10 207:1; 232:23 19; 58:5, 7; 68:7; 70:14; otherwise [7] - 8:14; 48:8, passage [1] - 57:14 operator [1] - 249:1 76:16; 77:8, 16; 78:13, 16, 11; 56:15; 79:4; 90:7; passed [1] - 146:10 operators [4] - 14:13; 18:15; 19; 82:19; 117:1; 121:13; 117:13 passes [2] - 61:11; 145:8 213:19; 214:13 131:19; 133:20; 158:25; ourselves [6] - 28:7; 30:10; passing [2] - 139:2; 180:14 opinion [5] - 98:9; 106:7; 160:15; 161:7, 21; 173:25; 46:8; 199:21; 252:7 passion [1] - 27:11 115:17; 156:24; 221:17 174:18; 184:13; 216:15; outcome [1] - 258:19 passionate [1] - 100:9 opinions [1] - 224:11 241:21; 242:4; 255:23; outdoor [1] - 222:1 passive [2] - 21:16; 258:10 opponents [2] - 93:18; 95:13 261:14 outflows [2] - 11:15, 18 past [8] - 4:4; 21:17; 77:9; PANEL [3] - 1:1; 2:2 opportunities [24] - 4:7; outline [1] - 110:23

Mainland Reporting Services Inc. 604.520.3838 [email protected] 25

101:22; 110:2; 121:2; 226:15; 233:23; 234:3; 165:13; 229:15; 255:13, 15 pictures [5] - 82:25; 83:10; 142:13; 149:9 235:4; 256:22 percentage [2] - 218:24; 84:1; 90:1; 146:15 pasture [1] - 143:19 peace-Boudreau [1] - 105:1 222:16 piece [8] - 60:16; 101:21, 23; Pat [3] - 202:2, 5, 11 Peace-Moberly [1] - 83:17 percolation [1] - 188:12 137:17, 21; 138:1, 25; patch [2] - 41:21; 168:3 peak [6] - 46:12; 48:8, 15; perfect [1] - 242:18 151:10 path [3] - 30:3; 40:7; 72:7 49:2; 246:10 perfectly [1] - 201:9 pieces [2] - 137:9, 25 patron [2] - 122:19; 124:8 peaks [1] - 48:5 perhaps [10] - 38:22; 67:20; pillars [2] - 86:4, 11 patsy [1] - 121:24 peat [1] - 198:3 79:5; 119:16; 139:13; pilloried [1] - 77:18 PATSY [4] - 133:25; 136:24; PECK [2] - 21:9 152:19, 22, 24; 185:23; pioneer [1] - 120:13 138:23; 139:24 peck [3] - 21:9, 25; 35:14 245:24 Pioneer [1] - 120:24 Patsy [9] - 3:16; 120:2, 7, 21; peel [1] - 138:8 Perimeter [1] - 20:2 pioneering [3] - 198:24; 121:1; 122:1; 133:25; peeling [1] - 138:8 period [8] - 9:9; 52:10; 53:3, 199:5, 9 136:23; 139:13 people [134] - 5:17; 6:1; 7:5; 12; 114:20; 154:6; 210:16; pioneers [2] - 190:17; 191:7 PAUL [3] - 209:6; 213:16; 9:10; 15:7; 17:8, 25; 18:8, 233:2 pipeline [3] - 116:13; 178:5; 215:13 12; 22:20; 23:14; 26:6; periodically [1] - 112:16 210:7 Paul [4] - 3:22; 209:3, 5; 28:9; 30:11, 13, 15, 21-22; permanent [2] - 236:13; pipelines [3] - 42:6; 138:2; 248:6 32:14; 35:19; 36:25; 38:21; 255:25 178:3 pay [10] - 28:20; 55:25; 40:13, 21; 41:10; 43:13, permanently [2] - 108:13; pissed [1] - 182:17 96:18; 154:8; 157:15; 25; 44:17; 45:24; 47:9; 255:22 pits [1] - 194:12 180:11; 226:10; 240:18; 49:11, 15; 50:20; 51:5, 8; permits [2] - 108:16; 256:8 place [24] - 19:5; 21:18, 23; 250:18 54:6; 59:2; 60:2, 4, 6, 12; permitting [1] - 9:10 34:12; 39:21, 25; 52:21; pay-offs [1] - 96:18 62:2; 65:20; 70:4; 72:6; perpetually [2] - 93:5; 207:25 54:21; 55:13; 98:16; payer [2] - 141:6; 157:19 80:3, 13, 15; 83:11; 85:15; perpetuity [3] - 150:9; 101:11; 136:21; 142:17, payers [1] - 96:7 87:17; 88:8, 11, 25; 92:16; 188:20; 195:6 19, 22; 198:18; 205:4; paying [5] - 73:14; 105:24; 95:12; 98:23; 99:2; 100:3, person [6] - 9:5; 27:7; 31:11; 223:10; 240:19; 247:3, 12, 158:3; 180:16; 228:22 5, 19; 101:9; 103:23; 72:12; 109:16; 247:23 14; 262:8 payments [1] - 165:4 114:17, 20; 116:7, 15; person-years [1] - 31:11 placed [8] - 8:13; 73:13; payroll [1] - 236:21 119:1; 126:25; 128:13; personal [3] - 35:7; 90:25; 148:19, 25; 149:10, 18, 21; PDF [1] - 68:14 133:7; 138:20; 139:15; 211:19 150:9 peace [22] - 32:17; 84:14; 140:3; 150:24; 151:11; personally [3] - 36:11; 58:19; places [4] - 75:1; 176:25; 88:6, 10; 89:9; 91:22; 92:5; 153:23; 160:1; 163:5; 141:5 246:23; 252:15 103:19; 105:1; 107:19; 165:23; 167:13, 16; perspective [4] - 22:16; plain [2] - 4:5; 77:11 109:17; 135:24; 142:17; 170:15; 178:18; 179:2; 90:25; 163:4; 233:17 plainly [1] - 156:17 167:24; 179:3; 187:11; 181:7; 182:21; 183:1; pests [3] - 195:12, 17, 25 plains [1] - 77:2 209:7; 216:15; 217:20; 184:5, 9; 187:14; 194:20; Peter [1] - 2:10 Plan [3] - 255:12; 259:7; 198:24; 199:6, 9, 15; 223:24; 251:2; 261:9 petroleum [3] - 68:12; 142:3; 260:11 200:17; 205:10, 15; Peace [114] - 4:5, 8; 11:14; 214:22 plan [9] - 64:4; 101:1; 208:14; 209:9; 210:11; 14:22; 16:17; 21:15; 23:7; phase [2] - 25:19; 155:17 104:23, 25; 106:20; 211:20; 213:10, 23; 31:16; 32:17; 68:22; 73:23; phases [1] - 31:13 255:13; 256:18; 259:1 217:17; 218:15, 17; 221:5; 76:13; 77:10; 81:11; 83:17; phone [1] - 101:3 plane [2] - 10:20; 89:12 222:4, 14; 223:15; 226:12; 90:21; 91:3, 23; 98:24; phones [1] - 232:8 planes [1] - 204:4 233:13; 235:16; 240:20; 101:6; 103:15, 21; 104:15; phonetic [7] - 88:19; 109:16; planet [8] - 27:16; 44:7; 242:17, 21, 24; 243:3, 12; 105:1; 107:5; 109:12; 121:11; 171:5; 179:15; 49:19; 75:14; 76:2; 191:15; 244:13; 246:17; 247:8, 11; 113:14, 20; 120:15; 121:9, 202:3; 237:2 203:22; 204:1 249:18; 250:2; 251:15; 15; 123:5, 14, 22; 126:2; photo [3] - 92:7; 95:15; planned [1] - 123:13 252:14, 16, 23 127:23; 128:1, 4, 22; 142:15 planning [7] - 63:5; 105:2, 4; people's [7] - 32:3; 43:1; 129:18, 21; 130:9, 11, 22; photograph [1] - 144:14 141:19; 254:2; 260:9, 21 200:6; 219:3; 221:1; 131:23; 132:1, 15, 20; photographers [1] - 98:25 plans [6] - 91:15; 106:12; 133:12; 135:1, 22; 136:3; 224:24; 225:24 photographs [1] - 110:10 123:13; 155:3; 225:5; 138:12, 15; 139:15; 140:9; per [22] - 31:17; 54:1; 69:12; photography [1] - 100:22 260:22 142:7; 144:5; 145:3, 8; 78:20; 164:21, 23, 25; photos [1] - 98:5 plant [4] - 48:1; 183:23; 146:8, 13; 161:19; 162:14; 165:1; 173:15; 193:5, 7, physical [2] - 127:1; 162:22 215:4; 234:7 163:7, 25; 164:21; 168:5, 14, 19, 22; 194:5, 22; physically [1] - 85:8 planted [3] - 200:6, 9, 12 12; 173:13; 174:21; 181:1; 195:4; 196:14; 231:8; pick [4] - 67:20; 95:10; planting [1] - 144:15 187:4, 10, 23; 189:7; 233:8 114:17; 241:15 plants [6] - 155:21; 156:5; 190:16, 19-20; 191:10; perceived [1] - 49:18 pick-up [1] - 241:15 158:11; 225:6; 257:7 194:10, 16; 196:3, 6, 12; percent [34] - 16:16; 18:24; picked [3] - 95:8; 99:11; Play [1] - 232:8 199:16; 200:1; 201:5; 24:2; 25:2; 34:13, 15, 18; 101:3 play [3] - 56:14; 163:15; 203:5; 206:14, 18; 207:14; 36:10; 39:15; 46:6; 47:5; picking [1] - 99:14 187:16 208:14; 209:8, 11, 18; 48:25; 53:1; 62:6; 94:1, 7; picnic [1] - 115:2 played [1] - 32:2 211:12; 212:1; 216:16, 20; 97:10, 19, 21, 24; 98:12, picture [7] - 85:15; 88:4, 11; playing [6] - 73:4, 21, 25; 217:5, 22; 219:14; 220:14, 15; 118:23; 127:10; 133:3; 89:4; 95:2; 126:16; 222:14 74:2; 91:25; 184:20 20, 22; 221:18; 222:5; 146:4; 152:22; 159:9;

Mainland Reporting Services Inc. 604.520.3838 [email protected] 26

plays [1] - 54:9 pop [1] - 194:25 16:20 17-24; 22:10; 209:5 plea [1] - 128:21 poplar [1] - 86:13 Pouce [7] - 33:1; 140:1; presentation [31] - 3:11-14; pleased [4] - 14:19; 153:8; populate [1] - 191:15 194:3, 7; 196:4; 207:13; 15:16; 82:14, 17; 83:22; 228:9; 231:4 populated [1] - 183:22 222:24 90:13, 17, 19; 95:20; pleasure [1] - 22:14 population [12] - 15:8; 20:23; pound [3] - 193:14, 19, 23 103:3, 17; 105:9; 120:4; pleasures [2] - 185:22 23:22; 55:4; 59:1; 80:5; pounds [3] - 193:14, 18, 23 140:19, 25; 141:3; 145:17; plenty [1] - 144:25 124:19; 133:16; 169:7; poverty [2] - 249:17; 252:20 146:2; 160:13; 169:25; pliable [1] - 250:25 179:11; 203:24; 210:11 POWER [1] - 1:4 173:4; 176:12; 185:11; plucking [1] - 250:6 porous [1] - 188:4 power [52] - 23:16; 24:5, 25; 186:3; 202:24; 206:4; plug [5] - 244:18; 245:11; porter [1] - 16:3 25:5; 28:1; 42:5; 44:4, 8; 215:25; 228:3 247:8, 13 portion [3] - 17:17; 115:10; 46:3, 5-6, 11-12, 16-17, 19, presentations [5] - 9:6; 27:4; plug-in [1] - 245:11 130:24 24; 48:11; 56:7, 9; 69:25; 137:4; 138:23; 235:18 plugged [1] - 229:7 portions [1] - 187:12 94:8; 106:24; 124:21; presented [6] - 110:11; plugged-in [1] - 229:7 Portugal [1] - 236:2 136:6; 162:11; 165:15; 123:7, 11, 15; 124:10; plumbers [1] - 14:12 pose [1] - 93:1 170:10; 171:17, 20; 132:6 plums [1] - 164:17 position [23] - 27:13; 28:8; 177:12, 19, 21; 183:19, 22; presenters [1] - 261:7 plus [4] - 125:2; 165:8; 35:11; 37:17; 40:9; 46:8, 205:1; 209:15, 19; 210:2, presently [2] - 144:11; 250:19 24; 54:23; 58:4; 59:22; 5, 7; 212:13; 219:7, 9; 216:16 pocketbook [1] - 70:7 62:20; 66:11; 69:6; 71:8; 220:6; 221:21, 24; 226:19; preservation [1] - 124:17 pockets [1] - 225:10 72:16; 73:13; 74:14; 75:8; 234:6; 244:22 preserve [2] - 126:1; 200:21 powered [1] - 42:7 [1] point [31] - 28:16; 42:19; 79:13; 81:16 preserved - 124:21 53:21; 56:3, 11; 62:24; positioned [1] - 47:12 powerex [1] - 52:14 preserving [2] - 125:4; 63:24; 74:20; 99:14; 109:9; positions [1] - 228:22 powers [2] - 71:9; 95:19 126:20 118:20; 139:9; 140:15; positive [6] - 44:15; 58:25; practices [1] - 133:4 president [7] - 120:12; 146:8, 18; 156:4; 164:11; 59:9; 123:2; 212:18; Prairie [1] - 201:21 121:2; 216:8-11; 228:7 165:4; 170:22; 187:4; 232:15 prairies [2] - 140:6; 190:17 pressing [1] - 156:10 188:21; 193:3; 203:13; possibilities [2] - 154:13, 21 pre [3] - 39:1; 99:9; 187:5 pressure [1] - 92:21 204:13; 206:24; 219:21; possibility [1] - 42:2 pre-2001 [1] - 230:6 pressured [1] - 100:7 231:7; 249:18; 256:12; possible [10] - 79:2; 87:17; pre-consultation [1] - 99:9 pressures [1] - 63:13 259:14 92:4; 126:14, 21; 128:1; pre-eminent [1] - 187:5 pretax [1] - 231:8 pointed [4] - 56:8; 58:8; 183:15; 187:17; 191:21; pre-panel [1] - 39:1 pretty [13] - 32:16; 76:8, 10; 66:10; 161:14 192:1 precious [5] - 134:23; 85:25; 157:22; 173:22; points [3] - 171:25; 208:25; possibly [11] - 36:2; 37:10; 135:20; 138:11; 142:24; 196:17; 198:6; 200:13; 259:23 47:7; 106:2; 194:2; 206:11; 204:10 203:13; 206:15; 234:2; policies [4] - 21:16; 78:14; 234:12, 15; 235:5, 12; precise [2] - 57:20; 77:5 236:21 79:2 237:23 predators [1] - 90:6 prevail [1] - 224:7 policing [1] - 250:17 post [1] - 191:1 predatory [1] - 52:14 prevalent [1] - 162:17 policy [33] - 15:13; 17:5; potable [1] - 192:20 predecessors [1] - 194:13 prevent [2] - 117:5; 148:22 26:24; 27:2; 31:7; 33:12, potato [2] - 195:23 predict [1] - 113:1 previous [10] - 12:22; 58:14; 14, 22; 38:12; 42:19; potatoes [3] - 132:10; 193:20 predicting [1] - 112:13 104:13; 146:2; 158:7; 54:21; 57:3, 10, 24-25; potential [63] - 4:5; 76:13, prefer [1] - 125:17 173:25; 174:5; 212:8; 58:6, 9; 65:7; 78:20, 24; 17, 23; 77:1, 10; 80:21; preference [1] - 8:16 217:12; 235:17 82:4; 152:6, 8, 12; 154:10; 81:11; 94:21; 98:11; preferences [1] - 127:3 previously [2] - 12:22; 169:2, 11; 181:9; 259:6 104:17; 107:17; 108:14; preferred [1] - 255:9 232:11 politely [1] - 239:14 121:22; 126:2; 130:19, 21; preliminary [2] - 181:18; price [12] - 41:23; 53:5; 55:1; political [6] - 64:1, 3; 67:10, 133:16, 19, 21; 135:22; 228:14 58:24; 94:18; 154:7; 15; 94:16; 159:22 140:12; 147:14; 162:2, 18; Premier [4] - 37:23; 40:8; 157:21; 162:20; 171:2; politically [1] - 216:6 163:23; 164:7, 13; 165:1; 169:17; 218:19 174:11; 231:8; 242:20 politician [1] - 221:7 166:19, 21, 23; 167:1; premise [2] - 225:14 priced [1] - 127:16 politicians [3] - 67:20; 124:1; 168:13; 172:10, 14; premium [2] - 55:25; 56:5 prices [5] - 28:22; 50:12; 167:17 175:19; 190:2; 192:19; prepare [3] - 7:12; 38:25; 94:19; 194:23; 249:25 politics [4] - 22:22; 37:15; 201:4, 10, 12, 14, 16; 56:4 priceSmart [1] - 95:3 62:17; 70:5 203:5; 204:21, 24; 205:8, prepared [4] - 9:7; 55:8; pricing [1] - 57:2 poll [4] - 98:9; 118:23; 14; 208:8; 212:16; 229:19; 56:4; 116:24 pride [2] - 39:12; 122:22 244:14; 253:24; 254:6; 152:22; 159:3 preparing [2] - 81:8; 161:4 primarily [2] - 239:3; 242:15 260:2, 5, 13, 17, 21 polls [5] - 119:2, 4, 8; 159:2, present [17] - 10:16; 61:8; primary [2] - 229:4; 231:15 11 potentially [11] - 15:22; 74:7, 11; 82:20; 103:5, 16; prime [4] - 66:20; 124:20; pollute [1] - 135:13 16:20; 20:8; 69:5; 107:16; 130:4; 147:25; 148:1; 155:8; 246:18 polluting [2] - 230:6, 12 114:9; 129:3; 164:22; 169:7; 172:24; 186:1; Prince [2] - 250:5, 9 pool [1] - 14:5 173:14; 238:23; 258:3 188:14; 190:12; 212:19; principal [2] - 18:1; 165:3 poor [2] - 250:2; 252:23 potentially-affected [1] - 245:8 principles [1] - 15:21 poorer [2] - 140:8; 250:2 15:22 Presentation [11] - 3:10, print [2] - 107:25; 108:2 potentially-impacted [1] -

Mainland Reporting Services Inc. 604.520.3838 [email protected] 27

print-outs [2] - 107:25; 108:2 165:20; 166:3; 174:3, 10; projected [5] - 80:17; protecting [3] - 18:11; priorities [4] - 166:9 186:20; 187:7, 10, 24; 106:11; 107:1, 3; 123:13 134:21; 135:20 priority [2] - 38:16; 166:11 189:4, 10; 190:2; 191:3; projecting [1] - 106:1 protection [2] - 145:18; pristine [3] - 183:7, 25; 184:3 192:14; 193:4; 194:3; projections [2] - 52:19; 212:13 private [6] - 8:6; 16:10; 20:2; 195:15; 196:4; 199:17; 106:9 protector [1] - 129:4 105:3; 141:24; 247:4 201:1; 204:3, 9; 257:4, 9 projects [21] - 18:19; 19:21; protesters [1] - 211:13 privately [3] - 16:25; 20:1, 4 productive [5] - 125:4; 20:10, 23; 26:17; 93:10; protocols [1] - 60:14 privately-owned [1] - 20:1 161:25; 164:9; 201:15 103:18; 104:11; 107:4; proud [11] - 26:11; 27:23; privilege [1] - 127:5 productivity [2] - 146:8; 163:18; 178:2, 4; 223:12, 28:2; 32:1; 37:19, 22, 24; privileged [1] - 124:6 147:13 22; 232:17; 233:10, 13; 80:14; 156:6, 11 problem [7] - 34:8; 63:23; products [2] - 125:23; 248:20; 251:9; 254:14; prove [1] - 194:4 82:22; 155:8; 165:14; 155:23 261:3 proved [2] - 115:15; 225:16 182:1; 250:16 profession [1] - 62:17 prologue [1] - 243:10 Proverbs [4] - 3:8; 10:1; problems [3] - 223:21; professional [4] - 104:4, 6 promise [2] - 174:14; 185:2 12:9, 21 250:17; 251:13 professionals [1] - 65:14 promises [1] - 103:18 provide [21] - 4:3; 5:24; 6:2; proceed [6] - 6:10, 15; 26:21; professor [1] - 99:2 promote [1] - 67:8 9:14; 13:23; 40:23; 77:8; 81:8; 103:22; 105:20 profile [1] - 188:5 promoting [1] - 125:7 86:24; 88:21; 102:16; proceeded [1] - 156:4 profit [1] - 141:22 promotion [1] - 206:9 103:19; 107:17; 108:10; proceeding [2] - 8:12; 256:9 profitable [1] - 156:25 proof [1] - 167:10 111:10; 132:3; 173:21; Proceedings [1] - 5:3 profoundly [1] - 207:21 proper [1] - 214:1 214:7; 226:16; 233:10, 16 PROCEEDINGS [2] - 1:12; program [32] - 4:11; 14:21; properly [4] - 204:5; 207:3; Provide [4] - 4:6, 10; 174:18; 3:1 58:22; 123:9; 128:14, 18; 226:14 241:21 proceedings [8] - 8:7; 22:8; 134:5, 20; 135:19; 178:8, properties [16] - 12:20; provided [9] - 12:25; 18:23; 169:9; 185:17, 19; 261:21; 10, 15; 230:10; 231:5, 7, 16:11, 14, 20-21; 17:11; 108:15; 166:25; 211:24; 262:7, 10 13, 16, 21; 237:13; 239:2; 18:23; 19:25; 20:1, 4, 22; 212:6; 246:7, 12, 15 proceeds [1] - 37:9 241:18, 23; 243:5; 246:13, 123:24; 142:18; 149:11, 19 provides [7] - 18:13; 20:16; process [20] - 12:24; 16:1; 16; 254:12, 15; 258:11; property [24] - 15:22, 24; 96:9; 143:20; 210:14; 18:9; 19:10, 17; 27:3; 66:4; 260:20 16:10, 23; 18:14, 18, 21; 231:7; 255:21 67:15; 77:22; 79:18; 100:8; program's [1] - 230:14 19:4; 60:15; 101:6; 141:24; providing [3] - 18:9; 121:12; 128:8; 166:2, 8; 177:19; programs [5] - 6:9; 219:2; 142:16; 147:1, 10; 150:2, 231:17 189:5; 260:9 247:15; 252:22; 254:9 25; 151:2, 10; 181:20; province [49] - 19:22; 24:14; processes [1] - 177:10 progressing [1] - 123:23 182:3; 183:9; 216:14; 27:11; 28:6; 29:9; 30:13; processing [1] - 164:25 prohibition [1] - 57:1 258:14 31:25; 32:10; 39:5; 40:21; processors [1] - 125:20 Project [1] - 111:1 Proponent [1] - 145:12 46:18, 25; 47:4, 9; 48:19; produce [32] - 42:25; 46:20; PROJECT [2] - 1:2 Proponents [1] - 167:19 62:13; 67:10; 69:16; 72:18; 49:7; 69:11; 125:7, 10; project [125] - 5:9, 23, 25; proportion [1] - 97:16 95:1; 118:24; 124:3; 126:4; 127:6, 12, 20; 6:4, 10, 14, 17, 21; 7:3, 11; proposal [9] - 112:15; 135:25; 146:6; 157:1; 128:2, 4-5, 17; 132:21; 12:16; 13:6, 16; 14:1, 9; 165:24; 166:25; 204:22; 162:16, 25; 163:13; 135:11; 139:19, 23; 146:5; 15:1, 7, 23; 16:7, 15, 22; 211:12; 225:9; 236:25; 166:20; 167:1, 16; 169:14; 174:10; 192:2, 13; 194:19; 17:9, 14; 18:15; 19:19; 237:9; 240:3 189:25; 199:20; 208:7; 195:8, 10; 196:10; 197:12; 20:3; 21:1; 22:15; 23:5, 11, proposals [1] - 114:6 217:4, 18; 219:8, 24; 203:8, 20, 22-23; 204:5 15, 20; 25:17; 27:5; 31:18; propose [2] - 180:25; 183:23 221:18; 222:7; 226:22; produced [15] - 8:19; 97:10; 33:11, 17; 34:25; 35:8, 10; PROPOSED [1] - 1:3 228:18; 229:16; 232:12; 112:8; 126:14; 127:14; 36:5, 18; 37:1, 4-5, 8, 12, proposed [28] - 5:25; 7:10; 242:25; 243:13; 259:11; 134:18; 135:12; 139:21; 21; 38:1, 11; 41:10; 50:20, 48:24; 83:9; 98:3; 106:17, 261:5 162:11; 172:17; 192:5, 7; 23; 59:25; 62:1; 67:2; 20, 23; 107:2; 110:14, 16; Province [12] - 26:9; 73:10; 253:20 68:21, 24; 69:17; 72:3, 111:24; 113:5; 114:23; 159:7; 163:11; 169:17; producer [4] - 127:18; 17-18; 74:4, 7; 78:4; 84:11; 115:2, 4; 123:21; 135:1; 205:22; 217:22; 219:1, 6; 128:16; 139:20; 210:4 86:6, 21; 102:10; 103:17; 142:8; 155:4; 162:15; 222:5; 231:6; 237:7 producers [2] - 142:3; 105:14, 19, 22, 24; 106:8, 163:14; 178:8; 179:4; Province's [1] - 155:3 214:22 15, 19, 23; 110:24; 111:6; 184:14; 221:6; 229:1; provinces [2] - 122:16; 125:3 produces [1] - 52:25 113:19, 22-23; 114:10; 256:18 Provinces [1] - 262:4 producing [14] - 52:12; 53:3; 115:25; 116:1, 20, 25; proposes [1] - 74:25 provincial [15] - 63:3; 65:17; 124:17; 127:20, 24; 134:7, 117:3, 6, 17; 129:3; 136:4, proposing [1] - 178:1 119:1; 120:18; 121:2; 24; 135:21; 136:17; 10; 152:10; 161:23; pros [4] - 66:7; 176:24; 161:18; 223:2, 25; 226:4, 138:11; 164:20; 196:9, 14; 162:15; 163:19; 166:24; 221:12, 16 7; 227:11; 232:21; 233:3; 207:9 175:17; 176:19; 183:17; prosperity [4] - 217:25; 246:11; 259:3 product [1] - 63:12 204:20; 221:6, 17; 222:4; 218:22; 222:7; 224:21 Provincial [6] - 81:23; 229:1, 4, 9; 232:20; 244:4; production [40] - 28:11; prostitute [1] - 250:9 123:16; 124:1; 223:8; 31:19; 110:18; 114:1; 249:25; 251:1, 8, 14; prostitution [1] - 250:4 247:2; 259:4 127:17; 128:20; 129:24; 252:12; 256:10; 257:22; protect [4] - 16:3; 127:15, provincially [1] - 125:23 131:1; 132:3; 134:14; 258:7, 9; 261:11 19; 136:19 public [19] - 5:23; 7:17; 8:13; project's [1] - 13:11 135:22; 145:11; 164:7, 14; protected [1] - 105:1 13:4; 16:3; 18:19; 109:11;

Mainland Reporting Services Inc. 604.520.3838 [email protected] 28

110:5; 115:17; 152:19; 240:8 Randy's [1] - 175:8 198:22; 199:10, 20, 22, 24; 169:2; 211:24; 212:1, 4, 6; quantities [1] - 192:3 ranges [1] - 193:8 200:16, 19; 205:6; 206:13, 225:10, 13; 259:18 quarter [3] - 137:11, 15; ranked [1] - 96:14 22; 207:12, 20; 208:13; Public [2] - 156:21 165:1 rapid [1] - 130:6 240:18, 21; 248:16; 251:5 publication [1] - 184:25 quarters [3] - 85:4; 137:8, 13 Rapids [3] - 176:17; 177:3 REALTIME [1] - 2:13 publicly [1] - 254:25 Quesnel [1] - 135:5 rare [1] - 130:15 Realtime [2] - 262:4, 20 published [1] - 159:6 questionable [1] - 211:10 raspberries [3] - 164:16; reason [21] - 8:10, 20; 48:23; pull [2] - 44:23; 239:23 questioned [2] - 23:13; 193:11; 200:25 49:6; 52:1; 71:6; 126:1; pump [2] - 228:19; 246:19 128:10 raspberry [3] - 193:9 139:15-17, 24; 149:3; purchase [2] - 125:18; questions [45] - 5:19; 6:1; rate [16] - 69:11; 96:7; 151:13; 156:23; 164:6; 232:22 9:2; 34:13; 38:9, 22; 62:15; 112:13; 130:6; 141:6; 167:12; 199:4; 202:1; purchases [1] - 232:24 72:22; 77:13, 20; 79:20; 157:19; 158:5, 16; 168:19; 216:24; 232:13; 235:21 purchasing [1] - 258:10 89:15; 90:10; 102:3, 6; 213:6, 17; 225:11; 226:9; reasonable [2] - 20:25; pure [2] - 241:10, 12 114:2; 118:7; 119:12, 23; 252:20; 259:1 127:17 purpose [7] - 5:22; 107:10; 139:8; 140:14; 159:17; ratepayers [2] - 23:18; reasonably [1] - 8:21 153:19, 21; 154:2; 230:4; 160:1; 161:10; 170:20; 225:11 reasoning [1] - 145:4 259:21 173:1; 174:23; 176:1, 3; rates [16] - 28:24; 41:3; reasons [7] - 66:7; 94:3; purposely [1] - 147:11 178:2; 185:12; 212:21; 73:15; 96:8; 130:4; 156:6; 117:5; 221:5; 229:5; 242:6 purposes [4] - 111:17; 213:2; 215:20; 224:15; 157:9, 13, 24; 158:17; rebuilt [1] - 115:13 131:2; 189:19; 259:21 226:25; 233:20; 241:25; 165:13; 232:1; 258:23 recalled [1] - 252:1 pursue [2] - 27:1; 133:21 244:1, 3; 256:23; 258:22 rather [8] - 51:23; 59:17; receive [2] - 6:16; 47:13 pursued [1] - 169:11 quickly [6] - 40:14; 54:3, 10; 71:14; 129:8; 140:14; received [4] - 6:12; 41:7; pushing [1] - 156:18 59:10; 151:23; 253:23 144:7; 225:16; 248:10 68:23; 170:16 put [45] - 24:4; 29:3; 30:19; quiet [1] - 183:6 rating [1] - 130:23 recent [6] - 56:24; 210:1, 10; 34:11, 18; 35:12; 37:16; quite [17] - 30:5; 31:9; 33:2; Ray [1] - 176:7 211:11; 260:11, 23 39:12; 40:8, 18; 43:12; 53:13; 56:23; 76:12; 137:4; RCR [3] - 2:15; 262:3, 19 recently [1] - 259:12 46:8, 20; 49:24; 50:4; 140:22; 170:4; 176:23; re [2] - 16:9; 69:6 recipients [1] - 217:20 54:21; 56:2, 15; 59:25; 187:23; 194:2; 200:7; re-alignment [1] - 16:9 reclaimed [1] - 194:11 71:7; 72:15; 78:2; 80:24; 202:9; 213:7; 246:25; re-think [1] - 69:6 recognition [5] - 32:21; 88:5; 89:5; 105:7; 109:19; 252:2 reach [2] - 11:13; 80:25 164:3; 211:21; 212:11; 111:9; 118:14; 131:6, 8; quote [6] - 96:23; 122:17; reached [2] - 78:15; 192:18 223:14 152:8; 163:2, 6; 165:18; 125:12; 129:10; 183:12; reactions [1] - 57:5 recognize [9] - 20:15; 21:24; 194:22 173:24; 175:21; 206:22; read [9] - 38:24; 41:20; 32:6; 35:11; 37:6; 44:16; 224:16; 225:17; 236:19; quoted [2] - 174:4; 193:25 76:19; 98:15; 146:3; 162:4; 209:13; 211:1 247:3; 251:10; 258:13; 149:24; 203:15; 237:10; recognized [6] - 37:2; 75:3; 260:1 R 240:3 132:6; 169:21; 223:1, 9 puts [4] - 63:14; 158:1; reading [1] - 157:6 recognizing [1] - 75:15 171:19; 196:6 ready [3] - 14:25; 246:5, 8 recollected [1] - 109:8 radical [1] - 140:7 putting [6] - 46:23; 51:19; real [9] - 49:18; 92:19; recommend [2] - 6:8; 161:20 radio [1] - 106:1 80:20; 165:25; 205:3; 129:25; 168:20; 199:11, recommendation [4] - 30:19; railroad [1] - 166:1 223:10 19; 200:20; 243:10 78:17; 79:1; 103:13 rainfall [1] - 188:7 realigned [1] - 115:11 recommendations [5] - raise [8] - 6:1; 21:7; 38:22; realignment [1] - 111:7 78:14, 20; 79:3, 7; 152:17 Q 118:8; 139:9; 140:18; reconvene [2] - 82:13; 160:9 185:13; 215:2 realist [1] - 34:16 realistic [2] - 41:15; 194:2 reconvened [1] - 185:19 QUALEY [18] - 228:4; raised [14] - 10:13; 11:5; realistically [1] - 34:20 record [10] - 8:13; 29:4; 238:17; 239:1, 5, 25; 15:3; 35:19; 36:2; 49:4; 38:25; 39:10; 103:10; 240:6, 11, 25; 241:7, 10, 165:13; 214:19; 255:8, 18; reality [8] - 24:8; 31:19; 34:4; 108:3; 118:17, 25 13; 242:12; 243:17; 256:2, 12; 258:1, 22 43:22; 47:7; 62:1; 131:15; 150:14 recorded [1] - 15:9 244:12; 245:10, 18; raises [2] - 57:6; 119:12 realize [4] - 169:2; 206:11; records [1] - 194:4 246:11; 247:21 ramped [2] - 155:6; 205:5 207:12; 217:14 recourse [1] - 105:23 Qualey [7] - 3:24; 227:25; ran [2] - 86:2; 220:8 realized [4] - 167:13; 171:25; recovery [1] - 250:21 228:3, 7; 247:20; 261:9 ranch [3] - 198:2, 5, 24 194:14; 212:12 recreation [3] - 114:23; qualifications [1] - 104:5 Randal [4] - 77:16; 79:9; realizing [1] - 206:19 117:7; 222:1 qualified [1] - 243:17 160:11, 16 really [48] - 27:10; 29:8; 40:8, recreational [1] - 212:14 qualify [1] - 69:19 RANDAL [20] - 71:15; 77:15; 20; 44:1; 45:1, 10; 48:24; red [5] - 52:9; 137:6; 148:20 qualifying [3] - 231:20; 78:8, 25; 79:8, 19; 80:16; 57:23; 60:18; 63:15, 21; Red [1] - 140:1 238:19; 241:11 81:6, 25; 160:14; 172:12; 64:2, 19; 71:19; 76:14; reduce [6] - 64:17; 75:16; quality [11] - 26:10; 32:6; 173:22; 174:13, 16; 88:1; 91:10; 138:10; 140:9; 178:14; 229:19, 24; 242:23 47:17; 54:12; 127:9, 24; 175:25; 176:6; 242:3, 11; 145:1; 152:10; 167:11; reducing [2] - 40:17; 230:4 128:3, 5; 206:6; 217:6 243:11, 19 170:20; 181:20; 182:5; reduction [2] - 40:6; 257:18 quantifiable [1] - 162:3 Randy [4] - 175:8, 13; 196:17, 19; 197:13; reductions [1] - 231:18 quantify [3] - 55:24; 231:23; 193:25; 242:3

Mainland Reporting Services Inc. 604.520.3838 [email protected] 29

refer [7] - 17:23; 61:6; 68:11; relate [1] - 235:20 76:20, 22; 94:9, 11, 23; 150:19 88:18; 143:6; 173:10 related [5] - 11:6; 104:12; 96:6; 97:1; 98:14; 112:8; reservoirs [3] - 25:7; 116:5; reference [6] - 77:5; 161:8; 107:18; 236:20; 245:15 132:6; 172:8, 17, 20, 22; 208:3 172:11; 222:11; 236:16; relates [1] - 259:6 175:16, 18; 259:9 resettlement [2] - 17:6; 18:2 259:24 relating [2] - 102:7; 159:18 reported [3] - 16:18; 84:12; residence [1] - 18:25 Reference [2] - 78:22; relation [3] - 74:23; 187:15; 133:1 residences [7] - 16:21; 152:14 224:25 reporter [2] - 8:19; 9:1 17:12; 19:24; 20:2, 5, 8; referenced [9] - 15:16; 19:7; relationship [1] - 107:23 Reporter [2] - 262:4, 20 221:23 83:21; 84:16; 253:20; relative [4] - 17:13; 20:22; REPORTER'S [1] - 262:1 resident [6] - 37:24; 103:15; 254:25; 260:3; 261:1 77:21; 192:3 reporters [1] - 5:20 216:3; 223:23; 228:12; references [2] - 4:4; 77:9 relatively [1] - 33:8 REPORTING [1] - 2:13 238:4 referencing [1] - 90:16 relaxed [1] - 57:2 reporting [1] - 134:1 residential [4] - 17:11; 18:23, referral [1] - 173:20 released [2] - 94:9; 149:4 Reporting [1] - 2:14 25; 255:2 referred [2] - 15:12; 28:18 relevant [5] - 7:11; 79:16; reports [1] - 110:22 residents [7] - 17:1; 103:20; referring [4] - 65:23; 66:1; 81:24; 164:4; 168:12 represent [7] - 14:10; 80:4; 168:13, 17, 20; 210:15; 115:9 reliable [4] - 29:9; 55:19; 94:7; 97:21; 137:7; 254:10 233:9 refers [1] - 17:7 221:11, 20 representation [1] - 59:21 resolution [4] - 123:7, 11, refinements [1] - 56:14 reliably [1] - 132:11 Representative [1] - 2:19 16, 20 refineries [1] - 138:2 relied [1] - 211:15 representative [1] - 142:2 resource [14] - 28:6; 94:15; reflect [2] - 69:14; 119:15 relocated [3] - 87:10, 22; representatives [1] - 64:19 97:16; 104:23, 25; 111:15; reflected [7] - 15:10; 30:15; 115:18 represented [4] - 97:19; 161:18; 189:23, 25; 129:25; 254:6; 256:10; relocating [1] - 19:5 122:12; 140:11; 191:14 190:13; 217:20; 223:9; 259:12; 260:12 relocation [3] - 106:22; representing [1] - 254:16 237:24; 259:9 reflection [2] - 60:8; 61:1 151:4, 12 represents [9] - 122:16; Resource [3] - 255:12; reflects [2] - 133:5; 258:18 remain [3] - 8:4; 17:1; 66:11 137:9, 17, 22; 138:1, 9; 259:7; 260:11 refrain [1] - 118:6 remained [1] - 256:21 189:8; 228:17; 233:6 resource-rich [1] - 28:6 refrigeration [1] - 95:2 remaining [4] - 96:9; 110:13; request [4] - 8:15; 102:4; resources [21] - 29:21; refuse [1] - 93:12 122:25; 188:16 133:20 139:5; 153:1, 6, 13; Reg [1] - 171:5 remains [2] - 122:6; 138:5 requested [2] - 115:17; 161:22; 162:20; 189:18, regard [2] - 213:3; 224:19 remarks [12] - 3:3, 25; 5:5; 124:14 22; 217:10; 218:16, 25; regarding [9] - 5:8; 6:16, 19; 12:12; 19:7; 21:7; 29:13; requesting [2] - 123:8, 12 219:5; 222:20; 225:25; 8:10; 15:5; 18:17; 90:22; 159:13; 161:10; 219:12; require [1] - 214:16 226:2, 13 121:14; 213:4 228:14; 253:13 required [23] - 6:8; 7:25; 8:2; respect [10] - 35:16; 37:25; regardless [3] - 31:5; 33:11; remember [15] - 31:22; 53:2; 97:15; 108:16; 109:13, 20; 38:2; 76:1; 81:15; 99:25; 38:11 54:6; 58:15; 70:25; 84:2; 111:5, 7, 23; 113:8, 13, 15; 197:2; 239:16, 20; 254:21 regards [1] - 21:12 118:25; 139:14; 158:12; 116:4; 117:2, 6; 183:16; respected [1] - 123:1 region [25] - 14:7, 22; 17:13; 171:3; 173:6; 197:25; 188:12; 189:9; 205:5; respond [9] - 6:1; 9:15; 10:8; 26:4; 32:15; 35:5; 37:25; 198:1; 238:12 219:9; 259:20 15:11; 21:3, 20; 77:4, 6; 81:12; 91:3; 187:23; remind [2] - 9:2; 118:4 requirement [2] - 34:12; 42:9 261:12 190:16, 18, 25; 194:16; remiss [1] - 64:2 requirements [6] - 6:5; respondents [1] - 98:15 199:16; 213:5, 7; 216:15; remit [1] - 79:6 129:2; 239:10; 255:25; response [5] - 3:9; 9:5; 10:3; 217:5; 219:14; 221:18; remnant [1] - 146:24 256:5; 259:11 13:17; 245:1 222:5; 250:23; 257:9, 13 remotely [1] - 128:11 rescue [1] - 144:23 responses [1] - 253:10 Regional [3] - 73:23; 120:15; removal [1] - 71:10 research [3] - 123:9; 130:16; responsibility [2] - 7:23; 109:22 217:22 remove [2] - 189:1; 258:15 155:24 responsible [15] - 12:16, 20; regional [5] - 13:12; 16:17; removed [3] - 137:25; researchers [1] - 132:25 20:23; 31:16; 249:9 154:21; 261:5 reserve [6] - 21:15, 23; 39:3; 77:23; 79:24; 104:21; 115:7, 21; 116:2; 123:1; regions [3] - 126:23; 140:8; removing [1] - 71:18 107:9, 13; 131:5; 136:12 180:3, 13; 191:17; 256:5, 214:8 rename [2] - 208:4 Reserve [2] - 178:23; 180:24 15 registered [3] - 141:11; renewable [3] - 139:4; reserved [1] - 114:24 rest [5] - 64:12; 163:2; 227:25; 247:24 221:20, 24 reserves [2] - 28:12; 261:4 178:19; 217:8; 222:15 Registry [5] - 68:14; 90:18; renewables [1] - 255:4 reservoir [38] - 10:12, 22; restaurant [2] - 216:18; 102:14, 17; 173:5 renovation [1] - 171:13 17:2; 25:7; 83:8, 15; 92:11; 218:14 regular [1] - 260:24 repay [1] - 165:8 93:1, 5; 97:12, 23; 104:17; restricted [2] - 110:18; 152:5 regulated [1] - 255:1 repayment [1] - 165:6 106:16, 21; 108:24; 110:8, restriction [3] - 149:21; regulation [3] - 11:8, 15, 18 repeat [2] - 119:9; 212:9 16; 112:17; 113:7; 115:1, 150:15; 154:11 regulators [1] - 53:8 repeatedly [1] - 155:1 4, 11, 14; 116:3, 6, 8, 14; restrictions [2] - 151:9; regulatory [4] - 19:10; 68:23; replace [4] - 44:8; 49:20; 148:3; 150:1; 179:4, 8; 258:3 94:16; 256:5 75:1, 10 180:22; 188:15; 211:25 restrictive [2] - 148:25; rehabilitation [1] - 106:20 replaced [1] - 115:13 Reservoir [18] - 92:1, 13, 25; 149:16 reinventing [1] - 96:20 replenish [1] - 244:1 97:25; 104:19; 107:8, 15; 108:23; 109:1, 4; 110:4, 7, restricts [1] - 105:13 reiterate [1] - 255:9 report [20] - 7:12, 15; 18:5; 14; 113:1; 115:16; 149:11; result [12] - 8:5, 14; 17:12;

Mainland Reporting Services Inc. 604.520.3838 [email protected] 30

20:7; 23:25; 34:21; 140:7; rise [2] - 54:13; 191:22 rolling [2] - 55:3, 5 salmon [6] - 162:8-10; 186:25; 188:1; 190:17; rising [1] - 94:19 rooftops [1] - 251:11 184:12, 17, 20 192:19; 232:25 risk [1] - 60:23 room [10] - 21:7; 23:4; 38:21; salts [2] - 188:6, 25 resulted [1] - 17:11 rivalry [1] - 32:16 51:3, 7; 62:23; 136:15; same-old-same-old [1] - resulting [5] - 107:15; river [58] - 11:7, 13; 25:21; 147:8; 199:15 252:11 148:11; 210:2; 211:25; 33:20; 45:12; 69:22; 85:2, roommates [1] - 236:1 sample [1] - 217:25 232:22 13, 17, 20, 24; 86:2, 5, 24; rooms [1] - 252:17 sand [1] - 89:21 results [4] - 92:15; 125:17; 87:9, 12, 23; 88:23; 89:2; rose [1] - 42:2 sandbar [1] - 89:22 187:22; 247:16 90:3, 5; 93:1; 104:15, 18, ROSS [1] - 21:9 sandbars [1] - 89:19 resume [1] - 105:6 20; 142:21; 143:5, 7; Ross [1] - 21:9 sandhill [2] - 143:11, 14 retail [2] - 194:24; 202:16 146:14; 147:25; 148:1, 14; Rotary [1] - 216:8 sands [2] - 41:22; 153:25 retained [2] - 147:14; 239:8 154:1; 169:11, 22; 184:14; rotation [1] - 143:23 sandy [2] - 186:25; 188:4 retaining [1] - 110:15 186:24; 187:2; 188:20; roughly [3] - 23:17; 31:12; Saskatchewan [2] - 200:4; retire [2] - 47:9; 183:8 191:5, 13, 16; 192:7, 21; 95:18 219:18 retired [2] - 104:9; 216:22 194:3, 7; 196:4; 204:10; round [1] - 36:15 saskatoons [1] - 164:16 retirees [1] - 226:12 206:8; 207:13; 209:23; route [1] - 190:21 sat [6] - 38:13; 63:2; 161:1; retry [1] - 253:5 212:2, 4; 220:17, 21; 237:7 ROY [2] - 176:9, 13 198:9, 11; 248:7 return [4] - 109:1; 160:4; River [97] - 4:5, 8; 16:17; Roy [4] - 3:20; 176:8, 12 satisfied [2] - 18:8; 128:12 178:13; 222:22 23:7; 31:16; 68:22; 73:23; Royal [1] - 68:20 satisfy [1] - 167:3 revenue [5] - 31:14; 217:20; 76:13; 77:10; 81:11; 86:4; royalty [1] - 154:13 satisfying [1] - 259:10 90:21; 91:12; 98:24; 101:6; 223:13; 226:3; 230:16 RPR [3] - 2:15; 262:3, 19 save [11] - 91:1; 98:24; 103:15, 21; 104:15; 105:2; revenues [3] - 218:24; RRSPs [1] - 249:16 99:21; 101:17; 119:12; 107:5; 113:14, 20; 120:15; 227:12 ruin [1] - 188:23 129:14, 18; 138:11, 13 121:15; 123:5, 14, 22; REVIEW [3] - 1:1; 2:2 ruined [1] - 188:17 Savidant [4] - 3:6; 9:23; 12:7, 127:23; 128:1, 4, 22; review [12] - 16:6; 106:8; rule [1] - 61:5 18 129:18, 21; 130:9, 11, 22; 130:23; 133:23; 162:18; rules [5] - 60:11, 13, 24; saving [1] - 135:23 131:23; 132:1, 15, 20; 166:21; 172:14; 249:12; 61:4; 178:18 savings [1] - 166:23 133:12; 135:1, 23; 136:3; 253:22; 259:15; 260:2, 22 run [7] - 48:3; 93:1; 145:2; saw [3] - 123:24; 170:23; 138:12, 15; 139:15; 140:9; Review [1] - 216:15 175:12; 184:20; 237:21; 249:1 142:7; 144:5; 145:3, 8; reviewing [1] - 112:16 250:5 scan [1] - 185:10 161:19; 162:6, 14; 163:25; reviews [1] - 260:17 running [7] - 4:10; 51:9; scary [1] - 203:9 168:5, 12; 174:21; 181:1; Reynier [6] - 3:7; 9:25; 54:5; 85:2; 192:19; 241:22; scenario [1] - 207:23 184:12, 16-17; 187:4, 10; 12:10, 20; 18:20; 149:3 244:16 scenarios [1] - 257:11 189:7, 16; 190:16, 19-20; rich [11] - 28:6, 10; 140:11; runoff [1] - 188:22 scenery [1] - 220:17 191:10; 194:10; 196:3, 6, 191:4; 192:10; 194:17; runs [2] - 162:10; 260:19 school [2] - 138:23; 250:13 12; 199:16; 200:2; 201:5; 199:17; 207:22 rural [3] - 122:25; 178:9, 11 science [1] - 64:14 203:5; 206:18; 207:14; rides [1] - 62:18 208:14; 209:19; 211:12; rushed [1] - 65:9 sciences [1] - 191:25 Ridge [4] - 32:25; 107:21, 25; 212:1; 216:20; 217:5, 22; rust [2] - 195:21 scientific [1] - 96:24 222:24 219:14; 220:15; 226:15; RUTH [2] - 126:6; 139:18 scientist [2] - 76:2 ridge [1] - 107:10 233:23; 234:4; 235:4; Ruth [8] - 3:15; 120:2, 6, 17; scientists [1] - 76:1 ridges [1] - 92:21 256:22 121:19; 126:5; 139:12 SCN [1] - 112:9 right-hand [3] - 52:18, 25; rivers [4] - 11:17; 34:22; Rutledge [1] - 161:14 scope [3] - 6:23; 86:15 147:23 136:20; 162:9 Rutledge's [1] - 161:20 Scott [1] - 201:24 right-of-way [7] - 148:19, 24; Road [1] - 20:2 scrap [4] - 95:25; 230:3, 5, 150:4, 8; 151:1; 258:2, 18 road [14] - 50:25; 75:23; S 16 right-of-ways [2] - 111:25; 111:8, 10; 115:13, 20; scrapped [3] - 230:7, 11 212:3 151:4, 8; 156:14; 182:6, scratching [1] - 21:14 rightfully [1] - 39:21 sacrifice [2] - 211:4; 222:9 11; 183:9; 250:15, 21 screen [2] - 142:15; 232:8 rightly [2] - 39:12; 53:2 sacrifices [1] - 222:11 roads [10] - 16:8; 111:5, scrutiny [1] - 90:24 Rights [3] - 6:18, 23 safe [2] - 116:4; 127:2 11-12, 14, 21; 115:22; se [1] - 78:20 rights [10] - 6:20; 18:11; safeguard [1] - 19:13 137:22; 230:5; 232:5 sea [1] - 168:21 19:13; 106:14; 111:25; safety [3] - 16:4; 118:9; roam [1] - 146:25 seams [6] - 10:8, 11, 16, 18, 114:6; 149:10; 256:1; 119:18 robust [1] - 220:12 21; 11:1 258:5 Safeway [6] - 125:19, 24; rock [6] - 10:23; 88:7, 18, 22, season [2] - 204:14; 235:10 rights-of-way [3] - 149:10; 201:20, 23; 202:1, 20 25 seasonal [1] - 236:12 256:1; 258:5 sake [1] - 51:19 rockets [1] - 92:17 seasons [1] - 92:8 rigorous [1] - 19:16 sale [3] - 218:24; 231:7; rocks [1] - 87:25 seats [2] - 82:13; 160:10 ring [1] - 250:4 245:11 Rocky [4] - 26:6; 187:16, 18; second [12] - 11:4; 41:3; rings [1] - 237:18 sales [4] - 73:15; 240:23; 208:9 74:23; 101:7; 107:22; Rio [1] - 132:25 241:5; 247:17 role [2] - 187:16; 229:23 178:4; 191:10; 213:14; ripen [1] - 144:4 salinated [2] - 188:8; 192:25 roll [2] - 85:16; 87:25 214:20; 217:7; 232:13; ripped [1] - 207:12 salination [4] - 188:10, Rolla [1] - 219:16 236:3 21-22; 189:5

Mainland Reporting Services Inc. 604.520.3838 [email protected] 31

secondly [2] - 131:11; 229:9 senate [1] - 72:8 shared [2] - 8:17; 217:16 234:22 Secretariat [3] - 5:17; 44:23; send [3] - 99:16; 240:19; shareholder [1] - 94:6 Sierra [1] - 241:14 241:17 241:16 shareholder-owned [1] - sight [1] - 191:13 SECRETARIAT [1] - 2:6 sending [1] - 248:22 94:6 sign [3] - 116:5, 10; 196:20 section [4] - 14:11; 146:7; senior [2] - 120:14; 218:3 shares [1] - 177:22 signalled [1] - 9:7 256:25; 257:17 seniors [1] - 226:13 shave [1] - 48:4 significance [2] - 97:17; Section [2] - 10:14; 255:23 sense [8] - 25:9; 28:6; 42:19; shaving [1] - 48:16 146:10 sections [2] - 90:19; 259:22 66:11; 224:7; 238:24; shear [1] - 192:14 significant [23] - 26:1; 31:14, sector [3] - 229:20; 247:4; 240:8; 246:19 shears [1] - 10:20 20; 49:16; 66:3; 78:2; 254:3 sensible [1] - 57:4 sheds [1] - 25:22 106:16; 107:14; 108:18; secure [1] - 126:11 sent [5] - 123:20, 25; 124:4; Shell [2] - 68:20; 215:4 115:11, 15; 117:5; 145:14; security [12] - 55:11; 121:20; 173:4; 250:9 shelter [1] - 190:10 170:4; 172:2; 190:5; 195:9; 126:8, 11, 15, 21, 25; separate [1] - 71:12 sheltered [1] - 191:5 203:20; 210:8; 229:10, 13; 130:2; 136:9; 145:16, 25 September [2] - 98:9; 112:9 shift [1] - 250:15 232:15; 246:20 sedimentary [1] - 10:17 series [2] - 159:18; 180:18 ship [3] - 201:18; 202:10; significantly [6] - 23:6; 32:1; see [65] - 18:6; 24:19; 27:21, serious [3] - 126:19; 130:20; 203:6 110:8; 133:15; 229:19; 24; 28:11; 31:17; 35:17; 205:3 shipped [5] - 194:20; 201:20, 241:16 44:25; 47:5, 7; 52:6, 19; seriously [3] - 7:23; 93:8; 23; 202:15; 204:2 signing [1] - 116:2 61:12; 63:10, 18-19; 65:4; 97:2 shipper [2] - 194:16, 21 signs [1] - 223:5 67:3, 18; 71:2; 83:12; 85:1, serve [3] - 42:8; 228:23; shipping [2] - 44:7; 201:22 silver [1] - 98:22 12; 86:13, 15; 87:2, 24; 255:2 shooting [1] - 92:17 similar [5] - 125:16; 149:15; 88:8; 89:19; 91:21; 92:7; served [1] - 22:16 shopping [1] - 134:22 168:11; 173:24; 218:22 93:22; 98:4; 100:17; service [2] - 214:18; 249:19 shore [4] - 88:3; 89:23; simple [6] - 48:6, 15; 142:19; 101:20; 107:6; 139:9; services [3] - 209:10; 218:9; 143:2; 180:1 193:4; 218:18; 255:25 142:18; 147:20; 148:1, 8; 232:23 shoreline [6] - 93:6; 112:14, simply [12] - 156:24; 189:4; 153:8; 154:6; 162:25; Services [2] - 2:14, 19 25; 150:20, 22; 179:13 190:9; 192:1, 13, 24; 169:20; 183:8; 184:4, 19; serving [1] - 32:13 shorelines [1] - 117:8 195:11, 15, 22; 203:6; 196:20; 197:13; 207:23; session [6] - 5:7, 22; 61:13; short [5] - 7:9; 46:6; 122:1; 205:11; 219:21 209:22; 220:24; 223:5; 66:13; 118:11; 119:18 205:2; 242:17 sincere [1] - 204:22 227:4; 232:14; 235:18; sessions [4] - 12:23; 13:19; shortage [2] - 155:4; 210:2 single [3] - 76:20; 208:7; 247:16; 248:23; 251:20; 161:2; 253:18 shortfalls [1] - 211:7 230:3 253:2, 9; 261:18 set [12] - 38:12; 55:1; 115:6; shorthand [1] - 262:8 singular [1] - 53:1 seed [1] - 131:20 156:7; 168:21; 178:18; shot [1] - 233:24 sinkhole [4] - 108:11, 17; seeing [1] - 100:9 179:22; 218:24; 255:13, show [8] - 44:14; 52:1; 118:10 seek [1] - 47:10 16; 256:6; 262:8 82:24; 89:7; 93:25; 134:20; Siobhan [4] - 3:7; 9:24; 12:8, seeking [1] - 190:18 setting [3] - 128:12; 157:12; 137:2 19 seem [8] - 26:12; 37:11; 237:14 showed [1] - 88:11 sister's [1] - 84:25 51:23; 123:18; 156:17; settle [1] - 191:8 showing [5] - 47:21; 83:4, 7, sit [3] - 61:25; 86:14, 25 173:7; 178:17; 180:6 settled [3] - 113:24; 140:4; 14; 146:16 SITE [1] - 1:2 sees [1] - 50:24 190:17 shown [3] - 85:14; 105:16; site [16] - 14:10; 69:7; 83:17; seismicity [1] - 118:9 settlement [2] - 106:14; 148:19 107:20; 108:24; 109:7, 10; selection [1] - 97:14 114:16 shows [11] - 16:13; 52:2; 111:24; 115:3; 176:22; self [24] - 24:14; 29:12, 16, settlements [2] - 106:17; 85:18; 89:5; 107:23; 177:4; 197:21, 23; 198:1, 20, 23; 42:7; 45:3, 10, 21; 114:5 126:19; 142:15; 180:20; 17; 234:17 46:7, 23; 50:11; 53:24; settlers [1] - 191:7 227:11 Site [146] - 5:8; 11:14; 12:16; 55:10; 56:6, 19; 69:16; setup [1] - 140:16 shredded [1] - 230:7 13:23; 15:1, 19; 17:12; 145:24; 146:4; 197:9; 20:7, 19; 22:15; 23:5; 25:8; seven [1] - 251:1 shrinking [1] - 124:19 199:3; 254:2 35:4; 42:24; 43:7, 18; several [10] - 94:11; 106:16; Shrum [2] - 197:22, 24 self-aggrandizement [1] - 48:24; 50:22; 51:6, 18; 114:2; 125:15; 134:2; shrunk [1] - 252:2 199:3 52:24; 67:1; 75:24; 81:9; 149:11; 194:13; 246:15; Shuman [1] - 13:10 self-generation [1] - 254:2 90:23; 91:20; 93:18, 20, 254:1; 255:19 shut [2] - 48:2; 205:11 self-powered [1] - 42:7 22; 95:13; 97:9, 23; 98:3, severe [2] - 151:9, 17 sic [2] - 210:7; 250:8 self-sufficiency [15] - 29:12; 8, 11, 16, 20, 23; 99:23; shadow [1] - 136:11 sick [1] - 167:16 45:3, 10, 21; 46:7, 23; 100:4; 102:10; 103:21; Shaftsbury [1] - 190:8 side [20] - 26:6; 38:3; 51:11; 50:11; 53:24; 55:10; 56:19; 105:14, 19; 106:15; 107:2; shale [1] - 10:21 52:18, 25; 94:15, 17; 69:16; 145:24; 197:9 109:12; 110:16, 24; 113:7, sham [1] - 128:9 104:14; 141:20; 143:4, 16; self-sufficient [6] - 24:14; 25; 116:12, 24; 117:4, 14, shame [4] - 127:11; 179:19; 147:23; 148:14; 250:15; 29:16, 20, 23; 56:6; 146:4 19, 25; 118:23; 121:15; 196:6, 21 254:8, 11; 255:14; 260:12, sell [8] - 45:5; 52:14; 53:5; 123:5, 14, 17, 21-22; shape [2] - 208:1; 238:1 19 56:7; 69:2; 112:1; 128:14; 128:14; 135:1; 136:3; shaped [2] - 39:4; 143:19 sidelines [1] - 76:12 170:10 141:4, 12; 142:8; 145:13; share [4] - 31:25; 217:21; sides [7] - 38:2; 44:2, 16; selling [3] - 53:17; 229:21; 147:19; 150:1, 22; 151:17; 223:11; 224:10 66:6; 72:23; 221:15; 250:14 153:3, 11, 22; 154:5, 24;

Mainland Reporting Services Inc. 604.520.3838 [email protected] 32

155:4, 14-15; 156:2; smile [1] - 58:15 sorts [2] - 248:23; 252:22 spoken [2] - 140:20; 187:14 157:10; 158:2, 10; 160:23; smiles [1] - 171:8 sought [1] - 222:20 sponsor [1] - 123:9 161:1, 12, 21; 163:15; snake [1] - 86:19 sound [2] - 55:19; 58:2 spot [4] - 22:23; 87:21; 88:1, 166:16; 169:20; 170:23; snakes [1] - 87:11 sounds [2] - 41:17; 169:1 5 173:25; 177:1, 4-5; 178:25; snares [1] - 53:8 source [12] - 55:20; 126:11; spotting [1] - 86:15 180:17, 20-21, 23, 25; snow [1] - 92:22 132:2; 177:9; 188:15; spread [1] - 101:8 181:1, 6, 18, 21; 182:19, snowshoe [1] - 88:15 209:15, 19; 221:21, 25; spring [4] - 15:12; 143:10, 24; 188:14; 190:12; 195:4; social [16] - 6:3; 64:21; 226:2; 231:15; 243:15 13; 235:8 207:16; 209:12; 213:8; 127:1; 161:22; 191:22; sources [7] - 42:21; 46:25; springs [1] - 208:9 214:4, 7, 16; 221:13, 20; 219:2; 223:21; 249:11, 50:22; 123:9; 136:5; springtime [3] - 86:14; 225:2, 9; 229:1, 3, 5; 19-20; 250:1, 17; 251:16, 214:24; 223:13 88:16; 90:4 232:13, 15; 233:10; 24 South [3] - 20:1; 209:8, 11 sprint [1] - 247:11 234:24; 237:15, 21-22; Social [1] - 15:15 south [14] - 32:17; 46:15; square [2] - 97:19; 192:3 238:6; 248:14; 256:25; socially [1] - 216:6 104:14; 135:8; 145:2; square-footage [1] - 97:19 258:7; 261:2 societal [1] - 211:9 194:17; 203:6; 205:10; squash [3] - 144:17 sites [7] - 108:1; 113:12, 17; society [12] - 51:10; 122:10; 209:7; 216:15; 217:20; squashes [1] - 144:24 116:11; 117:7; 136:8; 162:19; 164:10, 23; 165:7; 223:23; 245:9; 261:9 squeeze [1] - 42:6 190:25 191:24; 211:8; 229:7; southern [3] - 131:14; squeeze-and-freeze [1] - sitting [5] - 36:24; 86:16; 230:3; 248:23; 249:22 209:23; 210:19 42:6 153:18; 213:19; 214:12 socio [1] - 12:19 sovereignty [4] - 121:20; St [19] - 26:2; 32:21, 24; situ [1] - 68:22 socio-economic [1] - 12:19 126:8; 127:12; 136:9 88:15; 90:15; 91:7, 9; 95:3; situated [2] - 130:12; 201:9 soft [2] - 135:6; 223:18 Sovereignty [1] - 127:5 104:24; 130:14; 142:13; situation [5] - 40:15; 61:18; soil [16] - 128:3; 130:3; spaghetti [2] - 144:19, 24 161:3; 181:7; 190:24; 86:1; 130:15; 249:15 132:22; 133:13; 135:4; sparky [1] - 245:13 201:21; 212:2; 222:23; six [1] - 252:22 139:18; 144:9; 188:3, 13, spawning [1] - 184:17 224:3; 245:11 size [7] - 21:2; 113:11, 16; 17; 189:18; 191:4; 192:9; SPEAKER [2] - 139:10; stability [7] - 83:8, 15; 108:7; 130:18; 192:14; 252:2 194:12; 206:6 140:3 112:5; 150:8; 236:10, 14 sizeable [1] - 240:5 soils [10] - 132:16, 20, 23; speaker [10] - 160:11; stabilization [1] - 150:22 sizes [1] - 13:24 133:6; 186:23; 188:6, 11, 208:25; 213:2; 214:19; stabilize [1] - 115:4 skaters [1] - 160:19 24; 194:7; 196:12 215:23; 224:19; 225:8; stabilized [1] - 150:20 skidoo [1] - 251:22 solar [10] - 24:22; 27:19; 227:24; 246:2; 252:10 stable [1] - 11:20 skidooing [1] - 92:5 166:6; 168:22; 170:24; speaking [7] - 8:21; 9:13; staff [4] - 5:17, 21; 74:5; skidoos [1] - 251:22 171:16; 215:14; 251:10; 33:10; 35:10; 59:6; 81:4; 153:13 skill [1] - 262:11 255:4 149:5 stage [2] - 37:23; 237:14 skilled [3] - 14:5, 17; 155:4 sold [5] - 4:11; 194:13; speaks [2] - 63:12; 122:24 stages [1] - 39:1 skills [4] - 14:3, 22, 24; 155:9 231:21; 234:18; 241:22 special [3] - 114:21; 118:10; staintson [1] - 237:2 sleep [1] - 105:8 sole [1] - 96:3 128:3 Stakeholder [1] - 259:25 slid [3] - 88:6; 107:14; solid [2] - 58:2; 64:20 specialist [1] - 120:25 stalemate [1] - 63:23 148:15 Solutions [1] - 2:18 specialty [1] - 128:4 stall [1] - 84:16 slide [8] - 52:2; 82:24; solutions [1] - 15:14 species [2] - 146:16; 147:8 stance [3] - 67:3, 8 107:12, 17-18; 147:18; solve [1] - 36:13 specific [2] - 17:24; 118:8 stand [8] - 24:11; 33:9; 148:13; 151:3 someone [1] - 249:7 specifically [5] - 4:8; 174:20; 72:11, 14; 80:10; 100:7; slides [5] - 84:6; 85:19; 89:1; sometimes [5] - 26:12; 30:6; 210:4; 257:6; 258:7 136:24; 261:17 92:11; 102:12 92:7; 143:15; 147:5 Spectra [4] - 177:7, 9, 14, 18 standards [1] - 239:11 slips [1] - 235:6 somewhat [3] - 66:12; 71:1; speed [1] - 160:19 standing [2] - 235:25; 254:12 slope [2] - 88:6; 201:10 185:22 spell [2] - 8:25; 148:24 stands [2] - 99:20; 191:19 slopes [1] - 89:6 somewhere [4] - 53:6, 10; spelling [1] - 212:25 Stanley [5] - 168:4, 11, 15, slough [1] - 87:9 60:4; 146:3 spend [4] - 42:14; 88:2; 90:3; 18; 183:25 sloughed [1] - 148:15 son [3] - 169:16; 218:12 182:12 start [10] - 10:6; 38:23; sloughing [5] - 84:3; 87:14; sons [1] - 218:11 spending [2] - 182:10; 90:20; 91:3; 158:3; 167:21; 115:14; 150:19 sons' [1] - 207:5 196:18 184:21; 199:9, 21; 253:2 slow [1] - 142:10 sooner [1] - 130:9 spends [1] - 87:23 started [13] - 4:11; 80:2; slowing [1] - 94:18 sophisticated [1] - 225:21 spent [7] - 77:24; 91:24; 91:19; 160:23; 166:16; slowly [3] - 8:22; 103:14; sorry [10] - 47:24; 68:15, 17; 92:3; 99:12; 166:5; 220:15; 170:7; 182:24; 194:19; 223:6 81:4; 116:17; 142:10; 246:20 199:7; 241:18, 23; 243:5; small [15] - 13:24; 20:9, 22; 148:22; 161:14; 175:1; sphynx [1] - 88:24 252:5 64:20; 73:8; 76:7; 98:3; 245:1 sphynx-like [1] - 88:24 starting [3] - 240:18, 20; 101:21; 105:22; 137:18; sort [14] - 39:7; 83:12; 88:5, spillway [1] - 205:13 247:15 194:25; 211:4; 217:25; 24; 93:8; 141:6; 143:18; spin [2] - 229:10; 249:11 state [5] - 68:15; 98:14; 222:16; 252:2 153:9; 154:14; 157:12; spin-off [1] - 229:10 126:24; 208:15; 213:13 smaller [2] - 235:12; 254:14 186:19; 239:10; 245:23; spin-offs [1] - 249:11 Statement [2] - 165:21; smart [1] - 232:8 246:18 spirit [2] - 100:1; 251:12 256:8 smashed [1] - 249:1

Mainland Reporting Services Inc. 604.520.3838 [email protected] 33

statement [8] - 56:24; 69:19; strawberries [3] - 164:16; substantially [2] - 35:23; support [29] - 14:21; 17:21; 70:4; 74:24; 97:9, 13; 98:7; 174:1; 193:17 158:18 18:16; 34:25; 35:10; 50:22; 186:12 strawberry [1] - 193:16 substantive [2] - 197:13; 66:25; 70:5; 71:22; 72:3, 6; statements [2] - 90:22; 93:21 stream [1] - 69:4 235:13 90:23; 93:20, 22; 98:8, 11, states [6] - 17:22; 93:24; street [2] - 100:23; 200:8 substations [1] - 113:16 18; 118:24; 125:1; 209:21; 111:11; 112:10; 130:3; Street [1] - 1:23 substitution [1] - 154:14 215:1; 228:21, 25; 229:4; 191:22 strength [2] - 6:24; 67:6 success [3] - 209:23; 235:21; 230:15; 232:13; 254:20; States [4] - 130:3; 189:3; stressed [1] - 140:9 252:22 257:24; 261:11 192:18; 239:9 stretch [2] - 196:13, 16 successes [1] - 212:7 supportable [1] - 75:7 stating [1] - 167:1 strictly [1] - 93:11 successful [2] - 149:1; supported [3] - 35:7; 71:17; station [3] - 107:10; 197:22, strictures [1] - 56:16 204:14 129:6 24 strides [2] - 94:25; 229:13 successfully [1] - 204:7 supporter [8] - 23:4; 29:3, 6; Stations [1] - 232:8 strip [2] - 138:5; 151:4 suck [1] - 183:4 31:8; 50:16; 58:19; 128:23; stations [1] - 246:22 stripped [2] - 168:6; 189:21 suffer [1] - 163:5 221:14 statistic [1] - 198:20 strong [15] - 8:15; 13:15; suffered [1] - 17:25 supporters [1] - 167:17 statistics [2] - 16:18; 239:19 25:1; 29:8; 32:9; 123:1; sufficiency [15] - 29:12; supporting [1] - 100:19 status [1] - 122:13 191:15; 199:5, 11; 200:20; 45:3, 10, 21; 46:7, 23; supportive [1] - 246:6 statute [1] - 61:10 213:11; 217:9; 218:6; 50:11; 53:24; 55:10; 56:19; supports [1] - 209:12 statutory [10] - 148:18, 24; 233:14 69:16; 145:24; 197:9 supposed [4] - 6:11; 140:13; 149:10; 150:4; 151:1; stronger [1] - 33:4 sufficient [7] - 24:14; 29:16, 152:9; 153:18 255:25; 258:2, 5, 11, 18 strongly [5] - 39:4; 57:12; 20, 23; 56:6; 127:2; 146:4 supposedly [1] - 86:23 stay [4] - 16:24; 152:8; 183:5; 129:6; 131:3; 209:12 suggest [6] - 25:16; 112:22; surely [1] - 223:6 245:16 struck [2] - 63:21; 76:14 130:6; 131:19, 24; 132:19 surface [1] - 97:24 stayed [1] - 183:2 structure [3] - 97:21; 108:8; suggested [6] - 144:16; surge [3] - 181:15, 24; 182:8 steady [1] - 49:3 109:3 157:11, 14; 166:2; 256:13 surpass [1] - 187:11 stealing [1] - 164:5 structured [1] - 128:12 suggesting [1] - 95:23 surpasses [1] - 255:15 steep [1] - 143:5 structures [1] - 191:22 suggestion [2] - 68:3; 150:6 surprise [3] - 23:3; 35:9; sterile [1] - 251:19 struggle [1] - 91:1 suggestions [1] - 128:11 62:9 stick [1] - 104:3 struggling [1] - 171:1 suggests [1] - 115:12 surprised [1] - 35:21 sticker [1] - 231:8 stuck [1] - 206:16 suitability [1] - 257:2 surrounding [2] - 92:1; still [31] - 21:10; 27:20; student [1] - 14:21 suitable [3] - 137:14; 138:6; 188:24 45:24; 46:11; 62:4; 73:21; students [7] - 14:16; 134:7, 257:3 Susan [7] - 3:5; 9:20; 10:10; 84:17; 86:7; 97:21; 108:3, 13, 21; 135:15, 18; 138:24 suited [1] - 245:22 12:1, 4, 14; 118:22 13; 122:24; 130:12; studied [1] - 251:5 suites [1] - 252:17 suspect [1] - 91:23 131:16; 133:12; 144:24; studies [7] - 4:4; 76:24; 77:3, suits [1] - 19:5 suspended [1] - 208:15 150:19; 152:15, 23; 164:9; 9; 125:15; 257:12 sum [2] - 45:21; 79:10 sustain [2] - 218:8; 238:2 170:17; 171:10, 16; study [10] - 59:7; 67:13; summarized [1] - 206:4 sustainability [6] - 63:5; 177:17; 181:23; 192:7, 11; 102:11; 104:14; 225:8; Summary [1] - 93:24 161:17; 163:24; 197:10; 202:17; 211:17; 231:22; 257:7; 260:6, 15, 22 summary [3] - 6:11; 44:24; 199:19; 251:5 250:11 stuff [11] - 39:7; 84:4; 85:7; 47:20 sustainable [7] - 40:11; stimulating [1] - 231:18 89:1; 110:10; 184:22; summer [5] - 92:6; 168:1; 123:2; 196:21; 197:5; stocks [2] - 144:21 235:25; 236:4; 249:3; 202:19; 220:19; 235:7 218:4; 230:23 stood [1] - 91:14 251:3; 252:18 summers [1] - 220:16 sustained [2] - 122:21; stop [2] - 181:20; 187:19 stuffs [1] - 146:5 summit [1] - 132:25 203:21 stopped [3] - 46:3; 101:17 stumps [1] - 92:16 sun [2] - 69:24; 242:25 sustaining [1] - 232:24 stopping [1] - 100:4 subaqueous [1] - 11:2 sunspun [1] - 201:24 Swain [2] - 2:3; 5:14 storage [4] - 113:9; 155:19; subject [4] - 16:24; 189:14; superior [3] - 196:2, 11 swath [3] - 144:3, 7 163:11; 212:16 259:5, 7 supermarket [1] - 134:11 Swedish [1] - 237:6 stores [2] - 125:24; 126:3 subjective [1] - 20:18 supermarkets [1] - 192:16 swim [3] - 86:3, 7; 87:12 storing [2] - 155:22; 212:12 submerged [2] - 10:12; superseded [1] - 187:6 swimming [1] - 84:21 story [2] - 60:7; 88:13 92:22 supper [1] - 198:11 switch [2] - 46:14; 51:4 straight [5] - 78:6; 105:10; submission [4] - 76:15; supplement [3] - 234:8; sympathize [1] - 199:1 144:1, 6; 174:2 124:25; 161:6 235:15, 22 symphonette [1] - 252:5 straight-combine [1] - 144:6 submissions [1] - 161:20 supplier [2] - 232:25; 233:12 SYSTEM [1] - 2:17 straight-combined [1] - submit [1] - 68:13 supply [23] - 24:6; 29:9; 43:8, system [9] - 25:6; 117:24; 144:1 submitted [2] - 7:15; 90:18 21; 47:22; 50:21; 52:10, 163:15; 166:23; 218:4; straight-line [1] - 174:2 subscribed [1] - 262:13 20; 54:7; 56:1, 21-22; 220:2, 8; 232:10 Strang [4] - 3:5; 9:21; 12:5, subsequent [1] - 166:14 67:18; 69:4; 103:8; 126:3; 17 subsequently [1] - 186:17 157:3; 203:10; 231:24; T strange [3] - 153:9, 16 subsidisation [1] - 157:8 244:4, 11; 254:11 strategies [1] - 51:16 substantial [3] - 57:16; supplying [2] - 124:22; T4 [1] - 235:6 straw [1] - 163:16 117:2; 236:21 233:12 table [10] - 27:9; 33:3; 38:17;

Mainland Reporting Services Inc. 604.520.3838 [email protected] 34

61:25; 63:17; 81:10, 14; 129:21; 142:4; 155:18; 33:19; 52:11; 56:24; 67:12; 69:19; 131:15; 163:20 105:2; 255:20 156:1; 162:24; 163:4; 69:22; 99:21; 139:20; toes [2] - 163:2; 237:1 tables [2] - 126:14; 255:23 174:9; 192:13; 194:22; 180:18 together [9] - 26:4; 32:10, tablets [1] - 232:8 197:5, 14; 199:2, 12; third-generation [2] - 99:21; 23; 51:11; 160:19, 21; tags [1] - 5:18 206:6, 21; 238:22; 246:6 139:20 249:10; 252:4; 260:1 tail [1] - 198:19 Terms [2] - 78:22; 152:14 thirds [1] - 50:7 tomatoes [2] - 144:10, 12 tailored [1] - 258:7 terrible [1] - 195:20 Thorlakson [1] - 32:20 tomorrow [5] - 46:1; 64:7; takeaway [1] - 146:7 Territories [2] - 128:7; 224:6 thorough [1] - 133:20 100:13; 122:7; 261:17 talks [1] - 68:20 territory [2] - 159:16; 253:1 thoughts [2] - 141:5; 173:17 tomorrow's [1] - 163:21 tall [1] - 89:23 Territory [1] - 5:12 thousand [3] - 33:6; 195:5; Tompkins [1] - 198:2 tangling [1] - 89:24 terrorist [1] - 93:16 196:15 tonight [5] - 105:8; 228:6, tap [1] - 51:9 terrorists [1] - 93:16 thousands [7] - 17:8; 135:2; 24; 241:2; 248:9 tapped [1] - 192:21 test [1] - 144:8 188:1, 10; 189:1; 220:12 tonne [1] - 41:24 tar [1] - 153:25 testimonies [1] - 144:5 threat [1] - 206:23 tonnes [1] - 193:22 target [1] - 255:16 testimony [4] - 8:22; 157:14; three [25] - 46:3, 5; 54:9; took [9] - 39:25; 83:20; taste [2] - 167:23; 202:9 158:10, 14 56:14; 57:14; 85:4; 90:19, 91:11; 171:22; 174:5; tax [9] - 31:14; 39:13; 40:5; thankful [1] - 223:8 22; 91:4, 19; 93:21; 198:22; 202:5; 219:16 41:6, 12; 171:15; 225:11; THE [113] - 1:1; 2:6; 5:6; 101:22; 132:13; 137:13; top [8] - 49:25; 50:5; 73:2; 227:11 11:25; 21:5, 20; 22:2; 158:21; 160:23; 179:16, 85:6; 86:15; 87:1; 96:15; taxpayers' [1] - 182:14 38:19; 39:23; 41:18; 44:22; 22; 182:19; 235:5; 241:6; 171:14 Taylor [10] - 26:3; 105:23; 45:7; 47:18; 50:2; 52:1, 6, 252:15 topdress [1] - 198:1 190:7; 194:17; 195:2; 8, 18; 56:11; 59:18; 62:14, three-decade [1] - 91:4 topdressing [2] - 198:3, 16 196:9; 205:10; 220:23; 22; 67:24; 68:2, 8, 15; threshold [6] - 15:6; 20:17; topic [1] - 256:25 222:23; 224:4 70:19; 71:13; 72:19; 73:17; 21:1; 59:22, 24; 69:4 topics [3] - 104:3; 119:18; tea [1] - 102:11 76:5; 77:3, 13; 78:21; 79:5; threw [1] - 144:21 253:16 teach [2] - 37:14; 236:4 81:5; 82:1, 7, 12; 84:5; thrilled [1] - 198:21 tops [1] - 252:21 teachers [2] - 98:25; 134:17 89:10, 14; 90:9; 102:1, 18, throughout [8] - 11:13; topsoil [3] - 130:5; 138:9; team [2] - 88:15; 121:11 23, 25; 118:3, 14, 18; 31:13; 92:14; 114:18; 189:22 teapot [1] - 83:23 119:7, 11, 21; 120:1; 124:2; 161:2; 192:8; total [9] - 31:12; 50:8; 53:2; 138:19; 139:1; 140:13; tear [1] - 223:18 228:17 97:19; 98:2; 106:19; 113:4; 159:15, 25; 160:8; 172:7, technical [4] - 121:12; 132:6; throw [2] - 165:21; 182:14 117:14; 174:11 253:18; 260:5 25; 174:23; 175:3, 6, 20; tidal [4] - 24:23; 27:19; 70:2; totally [2] - 188:14; 189:4 176:2, 7; 184:24; 185:3, 7, Technical [1] - 2:19 166:6 touch [2] - 253:16; 259:5 10, 21; 186:8; 202:23; technological [1] - 155:18 ties [1] - 242:15 touched [2] - 29:12; 31:9 203:2; 205:23; 206:1; technologies [4] - 94:15; timber [2] - 179:4, 25 tough [2] - 176:9; 221:9 208:23; 209:3; 212:20; 96:21; 191:25; 232:2 time-of-use [3] - 57:1; 58:17, tour [2] - 83:1 213:15; 214:10; 215:16, technology [7] - 51:22, 25; 20 towards [1] - 60:25 20; 224:13; 225:19; 58:18; 171:19; 172:3; timeframe [1] - 246:9 town [12] - 60:3; 88:16; 226:24; 227:4, 21, 24; 231:11; 255:4 timelapse [1] - 100:22 91:10; 197:21, 23; 198:1, 238:9; 240:2, 7, 22; 241:3, teenager [2] - 200:5, 9 timing [1] - 53:21 16; 200:8; 202:4; 210:5 8, 12, 19, 25; 242:8; 243:9, teeth [1] - 51:10 tip [2] - 148:20; 243:7 towns [2] - 220:13; 224:4 20; 244:6, 24; 245:3, 25; tel [1] - 62:19 title [6] - 110:7, 21; 142:20; toys [2] - 251:23 247:19, 23; 253:8; 261:15 TELAV [1] - 2:18 146:20; 149:1; 181:22 trace [1] - 133:13 themselves [6] - 55:2; 74:12; Telephone [2] - 216:21; titled [1] - 110:6 track [1] - 75:24 127:15; 141:8; 144:21; 219:25 TO [1] - 1:2 tracks [1] - 101:11 203:19 telephone [2] - 97:4; 220:2 toasters [1] - 230:8 tract [1] - 130:17 then-planned [1] - 123:13 temperature [2] - 245:19, 23 today [60] - 12:25; 15:11; trade [1] - 190:22 there'll [2] - 38:21; 105:23 temporary [2] - 113:10; 16:24; 22:14; 24:7, 11, 16; traded [1] - 190:23 thereafter [1] - 262:9 256:1 26:7; 29:1; 33:15; 38:10, trades [2] - 14:11, 23 therefore [4] - 20:24; 42:7; tend [3] - 18:8; 143:13; 12, 18; 40:18; 41:2; 43:3; trading [1] - 46:18 123:24; 131:1 187:18 54:7, 17; 55:13, 15; 58:1; traditional [1] - 244:3 Thermal [1] - 48:14 tender [1] - 135:7 61:17, 19; 64:6; 69:10, 13; Traditional [2] - 5:12; 224:6 they've [10] - 35:20; 36:1; tends [1] - 143:2 70:13; 74:14; 79:15; 82:21, traditionally [1] - 41:2 38:6; 46:20; 175:23; 23; 84:18; 88:20; 97:4; tensions [1] - 143:3 traffic [1] - 223:20 210:18; 215:9; 246:20; 105:25; 115:16; 118:16; tenure [2] - 107:25; 219:25 training [3] - 14:3, 22, 24 253:10 119:3; 125:9; 126:10, 17; tenures [3] - 104:13, 21; transcribed [1] - 262:9 thick [1] - 194:5 145:22; 171:10; 192:11; 256:1 transcript [1] - 262:10 thin [3] - 10:16; 138:5; 194:6 199:23; 206:20; 216:25; term [10] - 41:21; 64:4; transcripts [2] - 8:18, 22 thinking [8] - 15:20; 19:20; 217:1; 219:8; 224:11; 67:17; 108:7; 161:17; transit [1] - 20:5 39:8; 50:3; 59:23; 167:20; 229:21; 230:19; 234:13; 197:5; 205:2; 236:13; TransLink [1] - 230:2 248:9 235:16; 236:19; 249:7; 259:1 transmission [6] - 43:9, 12; thinned [1] - 185:22 253:10, 15; 254:13; 261:13 terms [20] - 20:10; 106:5; 105:21; 113:15; 177:15; third [10] - 23:7; 25:21; today's [5] - 47:6; 57:23;

Mainland Reporting Services Inc. 604.520.3838 [email protected] 35

215:12 169:19; 196:14; 253:9 underutilized [1] - 131:11 upper [3] - 91:21; 92:4; 106:3 transmissions [1] - 111:23 turned [5] - 23:17; 125:16; underwriters [1] - 165:16 uproar [1] - 58:18 transpires [1] - 221:8 166:14; 197:22; 230:8 unemployment [5] - 155:7; upset [2] - 62:3; 221:5 transport [4] - 42:15; 126:22; turning [3] - 51:1, 4; 155:22 213:6, 17, 21; 214:9 upstream [3] - 11:9; 190:11, 217:16 turns [1] - 121:18 unfair [1] - 225:17 22 transportation [5] - 75:20; TVs [1] - 232:9 unfathomable [1] - 179:18 upwards [1] - 232:6 126:12; 177:18; 190:20; twice [1] - 201:18 unfirm [1] - 42:21 urban [2] - 130:13; 229:16 229:20 two [40] - 7:9; 10:15; 25:7; unfolding [1] - 207:23 urbanization [2] - 130:1; Transportation [1] - 115:19 44:2, 16; 50:7; 72:22; unfortunate [1] - 30:24 136:18 transports [1] - 177:9 101:4; 103:23; 116:5; unfortunately [3] - 207:17; URL [1] - 157:3 travel [1] - 218:14 124:4; 130:10; 131:10; 222:8; 243:5 US [3] - 94:6, 8; 254:24 travelling [2] - 84:15; 92:20 137:9; 139:21; 141:4; ungulate [1] - 101:11 USA [1] - 133:4 travels [1] - 88:14 142:18; 147:23; 158:21; unique [5] - 88:5; 98:5; usable [2] - 103:6; 155:23 treatment [1] - 101:3 159:11; 169:11, 18; 170:3; 140:11; 189:8; 191:5 useable [1] - 108:25 Treaty [5] - 5:11; 6:19; 7:2, 4; 171:22, 25; 177:17; 181:2; unit [2] - 95:2; 236:14 users [2] - 43:4; 57:3 45:12 213:2; 218:11, 14; 222:24; United [5] - 122:13; 130:3; uses [4] - 110:18; 117:23; tree [5] - 92:16; 93:14; 99:1; 229:4; 233:24; 235:5; 189:3; 192:18; 239:9 162:19; 177:19 131:21; 132:5 241:5; 247:18; 251:21; units [4] - 10:17; 190:5; utilities [5] - 96:4, 9; 253:22; trees [10] - 86:13; 88:1; 256:23; 260:16 235:13 254:22, 24 200:3, 5-7, 9, 12, 24 two-river [1] - 169:11 University [1] - 216:13 Utilities [14] - 65:25; 68:5; tremendous [3] - 34:25; two-thirds [1] - 50:7 university [2] - 64:13; 236:19 71:9, 18; 73:6; 132:7; 72:25; 121:17 type [6] - 74:18; 110:14; unknown [2] - 198:6 153:9; 161:13; 166:14; tremendously [1] - 28:25 114:24; 121:23; 131:25; unless [2] - 8:13; 77:4 167:12; 171:4; 183:12 trends [1] - 94:19 189:8 unnecessary [1] - 258:15 utility [4] - 94:22; 130:23; Trevis [1] - 2:7 types [3] - 106:18; 117:11; unnoticed [1] - 163:9 255:1; 257:19 Trevor [4] - 3:8; 10:1; 12:9, 186:23 unprecedented [1] - 63:4 utilization [1] - 49:23 typically [1] - 41:23 21 unrealistic [2] - 29:18; 41:17 utilize [3] - 46:17; 51:21; typo [1] - 111:3 tributary [1] - 184:16 unrealized [1] - 201:3 259:17 tribute [1] - 193:16 unredacted [1] - 7:18 utilized [1] - 131:4 tricky [1] - 60:5 U unstable [1] - 117:8 utilizes [1] - 25:6 tried [2] - 46:1; 104:3 unusual [3] - 86:20; 144:1; utmost [2] - 68:6; 126:10 tries [1] - 163:17 U.S [1] - 94:21 145:4 trip [3] - 89:13; 220:23; 221:3 [96] UBC [1] - 75:5 up - 6:9; 17:12; 22:18; V trips [1] - 229:16 27:24; 34:9, 12; 41:7, 16; ultimately [2] - 225:5; 237:8 trod [1] - 163:7 42:21; 44:23; 53:8; 55:3, 6; unable [1] - 89:22 valid [1] - 164:6 trouble [4] - 54:24; 85:18; 60:1; 64:3, 17; 66:13; unapproachable [1] - 8:8 Valley [50] - 4:5, 9; 21:15; 87:6; 89:6 67:19; 68:25; 70:1; 71:3; uncertainties [1] - 112:12 76:13; 77:10; 98:24; 121:9; truck [1] - 182:1 78:1; 79:10; 80:4; 81:21; uncertainty [3] - 21:25; 126:2; 127:23; 128:1, 4, trucks [1] - 135:10 85:3, 5, 8, 25; 86:2; 88:7; 207:18 22; 129:18, 21; 130:9, 11, true [2] - 225:19; 262:9 89:5, 13, 24; 93:4; 95:10; unchanged [1] - 11:11 22; 131:23; 132:1, 15, 20; truly [1] - 207:24 100:8; 101:3; 117:24; unconstrained [1] - 260:5 133:12; 135:23; 138:13; trust [1] - 7:20 119:13; 125:16; 128:21; under [26] - 7:11; 8:1; 28:18, 140:10; 144:6; 145:3; truth [1] - 97:25 131:15; 134:3; 136:24; 21; 42:18; 45:12; 50:13; 146:9, 13; 161:19; 162:14; try [15] - 35:12; 38:9; 40:11; 138:25; 141:21; 144:20; 58:10; 61:5, 21; 72:8; 73:6; 163:25; 164:21; 168:12; 41:5; 45:21; 54:13; 80:3; 148:4, 10; 149:11; 151:25; 80:12; 87:16; 108:13; 173:13; 174:21; 187:4, 10; 85:3; 86:3; 101:1; 103:13, 154:8; 155:6; 156:10; 122:8; 143:19; 155:24; 189:7; 194:10; 196:3, 6, 23; 134:6; 202:6; 243:14 157:25; 163:6; 167:21; 161:12; 163:2, 10, 19; 13; 201:5; 203:5; 206:14; 168:23; 169:12; 175:6; trying [9] - 36:7; 41:14; 169:4; 204:5; 235:2; 259:9 207:15; 208:14; 237:4 55:24; 73:15; 88:4; 166:16; 179:14, 22; 181:17; 182:3, undercut [1] - 85:6 valley [53] - 21:11, 18, 25; 184:6; 197:14; 208:13 6, 20; 183:9; 184:6; 186:5; underground [2] - 192:20; 82:25; 83:13; 84:4; 91:1, 198:2; 202:18; 205:5, 11, tug [1] - 179:23 193:1 16; 98:18; 100:18, 24; tumble [1] - 85:12 13; 207:13; 214:5; 220:22; underneath [1] - 148:2 101:17, 21-22; 129:23; 225:12; 231:7; 235:8; Tumbler [2] - 32:25; 222:24 [1] 133:19, 22; 135:5; 138:16; understood - 17:23 236:6; 240:2; 241:15; tune [1] - 74:18 140:11; 145:6, 10; 146:17; undertake [2] - 254:5; 242:20; 243:25; 244:17; Tunnel [1] - 20:3 149:20; 155:11; 163:12; 260:21 245:24; 250:1, 10, 14; tunnels [1] - 220:5 164:4, 18; 168:9; 173:9; undertaken [1] - 45:18 251:21; 252:6; 258:8 [1] turbine - 95:16 [7] 175:19; 182:20; 183:1, 6; undertaking - 3:8; 10:3, up-to-date [1] - 78:1 turbines [5] - 48:6, 15; 6; 15:10; 102:4, 9; 260:20 184:1, 6; 186:16; 187:8; update [3] - 107:17; 108:10; 95:19, 25; 231:1 189:7; 191:11; 192:12, 17; UNDERTAKING [6] - 4:3, 6, 258:15 turn [13] - 9:14, 16; 44:9; 10; 77:8; 174:18; 241:21 194:3, 8; 196:4; 198:25; updates [1] - 260:24 46:14; 51:7; 56:12; 58:21; UNDERTAKINGS [1] - 4:1 205:9; 206:6, 9, 21, 24; updating [1] - 112:17 59:19; 99:23; 126:5; undertook [2] - 16:6; 128:9 207:13; 257:22 upland [1] - 188:16

Mainland Reporting Services Inc. 604.520.3838 [email protected] 36

Valleys [1] - 130:7 139:18 88:3 Wednesday [1] - 173:5 valleys [10] - 130:10; 145:2; Veiner [6] - 3:15; 120:2, 6, wall [1] - 168:21 wee [1] - 235:19 186:24; 187:3; 189:11, 13; 17; 126:6; 139:13 Wallace [1] - 2:5 weed [2] - 89:20; 120:14 191:13, 16; 192:8; 204:4 venture [1] - 96:14 wallet [2] - 218:7; 226:11 week [8] - 102:6; 110:2; valuable [9] - 124:20; 125:4; VERENA [5] - 212:24; wallets [3] - 219:4; 224:24; 121:8; 130:17; 176:1; 126:1, 3; 127:19, 23; 214:11; 215:19; 224:18; 225:24 179:24; 220:8; 255:18 128:22; 136:16; 221:3 246:2 walls [1] - 249:2 weekly [1] - 201:19 value [46] - 18:22, 24; 28:20; Verena [2] - 212:24; 224:18 wandering [1] - 208:12 weeks [1] - 179:16 35:18, 22; 36:8, 15; 62:7; verified [1] - 110:1 wants [3] - 9:12; 185:12; weighed [1] - 221:16 81:11; 97:15; 110:20; verse [1] - 175:22 207:7 weighing [1] - 221:11 112:22; 114:3, 10; 121:22; versus [6] - 23:8; 33:20; war [2] - 100:4; 248:22 weight [1] - 107:15 129:20; 130:21, 24; 58:12; 62:5; 153:3; 154:5 warm [3] - 132:2, 11; 245:16 welcome [4] - 5:7; 22:7; 131:25; 132:21; 146:12, vertical [1] - 230:25 warm-climate [1] - 132:2 216:1; 227:3 20; 147:6, 18; 163:23; viable [3] - 146:5; 150:11; warmer [1] - 145:7 welders [1] - 14:13 164:7, 10, 13, 23; 165:2, 156:1 warming [4] - 135:14; 169:5; welding [1] - 64:14 11; 168:11, 13, 15; 173:15; vibrant [1] - 218:6 201:14; 203:7 well-established [1] - 225:2 194:15; 203:20; 206:5; Victoria [2] - 163:1; 195:19 warrant [1] - 90:24 well-known [1] - 13:21 217:14; 219:23; 221:10; videos [1] - 95:18 warranted [1] - 211:4 well-positioned [1] - 47:12 257:15 view [8] - 22:15; 42:19; washing [1] - 58:21 well-received [1] - 41:7 value-added [1] - 194:15 53:21; 56:4; 67:18; 74:11; Washington [1] - 158:12 well-recognized [1] - 75:3 valued [1] - 168:19 146:8; 152:11 waste [3] - 95:5; 109:10; wells [3] - 192:21, 24; 193:2 values [9] - 4:7; 106:15; viewpoint [1] - 169:22 178:6 Wendy [1] - 121:11 128:21; 147:1; 155:12; views [7] - 15:5; 22:21, 25; watch [2] - 58:14; 87:1 WENGER [2] - 129:19; 161:24; 162:1; 168:20; 35:7; 37:25; 41:12; 224:11 watched [6] - 25:14; 85:11; 138:15 174:19 village [1] - 142:12 220:4 Wenger [5] - 3:16; 120:2, 8, Vancouver [10] - 19:25; 20:3, Vinod [1] - 96:14 water [42] - 49:23; 51:8; 52:5; 23; 129:19 6; 51:2; 159:6; 163:1; virgin [1] - 132:20 56:21; 58:13; 63:6, 8-11, Wenner [1] - 236:25 168:13, 17, 20; 246:24 virtually [2] - 55:15; 132:20 16-18; 65:10; 69:20; 86:23; Wenner-Gren [1] - 236:25 variabilities [1] - 67:14 virtue [2] - 192:1; 195:15 87:16; 90:7; 92:17, 25; West [2] - 177:15 variable [1] - 112:24 virtues [1] - 145:23 93:6, 23; 108:25; 109:14, west [5] - 145:3, 6; 146:9; variations [1] - 245:19 vision [4] - 122:22; 209:17, 20; 142:23; 163:10; 179:6; 187:15, 20 varied [1] - 113:23 21, 24 184:14; 188:15; 191:5; western [1] - 151:5 varies [1] - 106:23 visionaries [1] - 217:12 192:9, 20; 193:1; 208:4; Western [1] - 102:12 variety [1] - 131:21 visit [1] - 230:19 212:12, 16; 220:18; whatnot [1] - 64:22 various [6] - 52:19; 125:3; visited [1] - 91:5 221:24; 226:15; 237:18 whatsoever [2] - 133:18; 153:23; 230:25; 246:23; Visual [1] - 2:18 waterers [1] - 250:7 199:3 260:11 visual [1] - 5:20 watershed [1] - 92:5 WHEREOF [1] - 262:13 vary [1] - 43:7 vitamins [1] - 203:25 wave [7] - 27:20; 70:2; whim [2] - 67:21; 205:16 vast [5] - 27:17; 34:22; voice [1] - 123:1 102:11; 112:7; 148:11, 16; white [3] - 83:9, 20; 87:22 126:23; 217:9; 245:10 voices [1] - 252:13 181:15 whole [14] - 88:2; 137:7; vastly [2] - 196:2; 203:19 volatile [2] - 24:17; 28:16 wave-impact [1] - 148:11 144:20; 166:8; 187:24; vectors [1] - 173:11 volume [3] - 10:14; 11:22; waves [1] - 143:1 195:20; 197:23; 203:11; vegetable [3] - 131:12; 133:4 Wayne [9] - 3:23; 215:23, 25; 204:20; 208:14; 218:23; 145:11; 201:1 Volume [1] - 1:14 216:3; 227:8; 248:5; 221:19; 249:1; 250:23 vegetables [10] - 126:18, 22; volume-focused [1] - 133:4 249:12; 251:25; 261:8 wholesale [2] - 194:23; 132:12; 133:2, 15; 135:7; voluminous [1] - 38:24 WAYNE [7] - 216:1; 225:23; 201:23 192:15; 201:17; 203:6; volunteer [1] - 122:2 227:3, 6, 9, 20, 23 WI [2] - 122:20; 139:10 257:4 vulnerable [3] - 19:13; 29:6; ways [18] - 16:11; 24:18; wide [2] - 24:20; 205:13 vegetation [2] - 11:19; 93:7 203:10 26:20; 61:22; 87:8; 91:4; widely [1] - 187:9 vehicle [12] - 18:2; 229:24; 111:25; 134:23; 136:6; wife [2] - 160:16; 181:6 230:11; 231:5, 9-10; 232:3; 151:21; 154:14; 196:18; W wild [2] - 146:21; 147:8 239:13, 24; 243:4; 246:13; 197:4, 18; 212:3; 227:17; Wilder [1] - 84:12 247:17 242:22; 251:4 wildlife [8] - 84:3, 17; 86:24; vehicles [44] - 4:10; 229:8, W-e-n-g-e-r [1] - 129:20 wayside [1] - 211:14 97:14; 116:22; 117:8; 14-15, 18, 21; 230:5, 7, 11; WAC [7] - 25:14; 64:9; wealth [3] - 26:8; 217:17; 136:8; 163:24 231:12, 19-20, 24; 232:5; 106:25; 169:10, 16; 226:21 willing [5] - 53:20; 55:25; 233:12; 238:19, 23, 25; 209:17; 237:12 wear [1] - 223:18 65:19; 96:2; 162:4 239:1, 3, 6, 21; 240:5, 16, wages [2] - 234:8, 11 weather [4] - 83:2; 140:7; Williston [23] - 91:25; 92:13, 19, 24; 241:11, 22; 242:7, wait [2] - 227:4; 233:20 187:18 20; 93:4; 97:25; 104:19; 9, 19; 244:14; 245:19, 21; waited [3] - 198:10, 12 website [4] - 8:23; 84:7; 107:8, 15; 108:23; 109:1, 246:8, 18; 247:14; 251:7; waiting [1] - 243:3 173:23; 186:6 4; 110:4, 7, 13; 112:25; 254:19 walk [2] - 104:20; 168:1 websites [1] - 174:4 115:16; 149:11; 150:19; VEINER [3] - 126:6; 138:15; walking [3] - 86:10; 87:2;

Mainland Reporting Services Inc. 604.520.3838 [email protected] 37

179:8; 184:15; 216:17; 108:9; 171:9; 193:23 167:6; 168:14; 169:6; 220:20; 237:19 World [1] - 17:22 170:19; 171:22; 172:1; win [1] - 99:15 world [37] - 15:17; 17:4; 177:15; 179:25; 180:10; win/win [1] - 200:12 19:9; 25:9; 27:15; 31:2; 181:6; 188:1, 24; 189:12; wind [10] - 24:22; 25:1; 34:17; 36:13; 47:6, 16; 194:6; 195:18; 196:19; 27:19; 95:16, 19, 24; 51:24; 54:2, 7, 9; 69:19; 197:1, 8, 19; 200:7; 166:6; 230:25; 251:1; 80:5; 122:11; 125:5; 201:18; 202:22; 204:17, 255:5 126:10; 134:19; 136:15; 19; 206:22; 208:16; 219:1; windfarm [1] - 27:22 137:13, 18; 138:1, 3, 6, 12; 228:13; 232:18; 234:4, 20; windmill [1] - 170:8 168:2; 191:14; 192:8; 240:4; 241:6; 248:7; 251:8; windmills [2] - 168:21; 219:24; 221:19; 222:15; 256:14 177:22 230:23; 236:6; 253:1 years' [1] - 104:9 window [2] - 80:7; 201:19 world-class [1] - 54:9 yellow [3] - 89:23; 148:9; wine [1] - 201:13 worldwide [4] - 124:18; 151:7 Winnipeg [1] - 88:14 186:24; 187:2; 188:4 yesterday [2] - 10:13; 249:13 winter [5] - 55:7; 92:5; worn [1] - 100:5 yield [3] - 193:13, 18, 22 143:21; 195:15; 235:6 worry [2] - 66:24; 67:4 young [7] - 86:8; 135:15; winters [1] - 167:23 worrying [1] - 60:6 146:13; 198:6; 250:4, 8; wintertime [2] - 83:3; 87:20 worse [3] - 93:15; 167:15, 25 251:15 wintery [1] - 228:6 worst [2] - 101:2; 252:20 younger [1] - 146:25 wisdom [1] - 99:25 worth [3] - 36:16; 135:23; yourself [8] - 8:25; 30:11; wish [4] - 9:10; 60:15; 164:1 35:12; 40:16; 46:23; 89:11; 119:11; 129:18 worthwhile [1] - 25:3 95:19; 105:7 wished [1] - 89:15 WPPSS [1] - 158:11 youth [4] - 64:11; 210:15 wishes [1] - 139:8 write [1] - 186:5 YouTube [1] - 95:18 wit [1] - 99:25 write-up [1] - 186:5 Yukon [1] - 128:6 witness [3] - 130:16; 225:17, writing [1] - 123:25 Yurkovich [8] - 3:5; 9:20; 20 written [4] - 58:1; 76:15; 12:4, 15; 21:5, 13; 36:10; WITNESS [1] - 262:13 175:23; 184:10 261:16 witnesses [2] - 121:10; wrote [1] - 130:23 YURKOVICH [5] - 10:4; 153:4 12:12; 21:22; 119:14; 253:14 Woltersom [1] - 121:10 Y woman [1] - 122:3 women [4] - 122:10; 132:9; Z yard [1] - 84:17 139:11; 220:12 yards [2] - 85:13; 200:6 Women's [16] - 3:14; 120:4, year [34] - 11:15; 14:21; Zealand [1] - 84:25 12-13, 19, 24; 121:8; 23:17; 30:5; 31:17; 48:4, 7; zero [1] - 220:4 122:2, 15; 123:3, 19; 56:22; 86:7; 87:15; 92:14; zone [6] - 87:10; 181:14, 25; 124:10; 125:6; 134:4; 100:14; 106:3, 5; 143:14; 182:7 136:2; 257:14 155:1; 160:25; 164:25; zones [1] - 112:23 women's [7] - 121:3; 122:5, 165:1; 167:24; 170:6; 21; 123:3; 129:6 184:24; 195:5; 196:8; Womens [1] - 122:9 204:7, 12; 205:17; 226:5; won [1] - 63:5 235:2, 5; 247:18; 256:20 wonder [8] - 62:22; 154:2; year's [2] - 106:2; 218:20 155:9, 17; 156:12; 157:7; yearly [1] - 205:16 158:20; 242:4 years [106] - 21:14, 17; wondered [1] - 75:2 23:14; 24:3, 25; 26:4; wonderful [2] - 139:11; 31:11, 18, 21; 35:15; 197:17 46:2-5; 47:5, 22; 49:1; wondering [9] - 75:8; 76:19, 52:2, 11, 23; 53:18; 54:4, 22; 77:22; 81:9; 173:18; 13; 57:15; 61:17; 62:20; 174:7; 206:8; 229:2 63:2, 4; 64:8; 72:1; 76:10, wood [3] - 143:20; 179:24 12; 81:20; 87:15; 94:2; word [2] - 76:18, 20 97:3; 100:19, 24; 105:2; wording [1] - 57:20 106:24; 109:3; 115:5; words [4] - 37:7; 56:1; 130:5; 131:4, 8, 17; 104:16; 105:14 132:14; 134:2; 136:5; workers [2] - 64:21; 223:19 140:2; 143:25; 144:7, 16; workforce [4] - 14:9, 18; 150:21; 156:7; 157:25; 214:17; 236:11 158:7; 160:19, 23-24; works [5] - 16:8; 103:7; 161:5; 162:15; 165:6;

Mainland Reporting Services Inc. 604.520.3838 [email protected]