TRAWLING in LAKE VICTORIA: Its History, Status and Effects
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
SUSTAINABLE FISHERIES and RESPONSIBLE AQUACULTURE: a Guide for USAID Staff and Partners
SUSTAINABLE FISHERIES AND RESPONSIBLE AQUACULTURE: A Guide for USAID Staff and Partners June 2013 ABOUT THIS GUIDE GOAL This guide provides basic information on how to design programs to reform capture fisheries (also referred to as “wild” fisheries) and aquaculture sectors to ensure sound and effective development, environmental sustainability, economic profitability, and social responsibility. To achieve these objectives, this document focuses on ways to reduce the threats to biodiversity and ecosystem productivity through improved governance and more integrated planning and management practices. In the face of food insecurity, global climate change, and increasing population pressures, it is imperative that development programs help to maintain ecosystem resilience and the multiple goods and services that ecosystems provide. Conserving biodiversity and ecosystem functions are central to maintaining ecosystem integrity, health, and productivity. The intent of the guide is not to suggest that fisheries and aquaculture are interchangeable: these sectors are unique although linked. The world cannot afford to neglect global fisheries and expect aquaculture to fill that void. Global food security will not be achievable without reversing the decline of fisheries, restoring fisheries productivity, and moving towards more environmentally friendly and responsible aquaculture. There is a need for reform in both fisheries and aquaculture to reduce their environmental and social impacts. USAID’s experience has shown that well-designed programs can reform capture fisheries management, reducing threats to biodiversity while leading to increased productivity, incomes, and livelihoods. Agency programs have focused on an ecosystem-based approach to management in conjunction with improved governance, secure tenure and access to resources, and the application of modern management practices. -
FAO Fisheries & Aquaculture
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Fisheries and for a world without hunger Aquaculture Department Fishing Techniques Midwater Pair Trawling Main Components Aquatic species Target Species Semi-pelagic/demersal species Atlantic herring European pilchard(=Sardine) Seabream Hake Seabass European sprat Target Species Pelagic species Gear types: Midwater pair trawls Midwater pair trawls It has similar characteristics as midwater trawls used with otter boards. Vessel types: Pair trawlers In the wet-fish trawler the fish is kept in the hold in the fresh/"wet" condition. Characteristics Midwater pair trawling Species Environment Midwater pair trawling can be effective in different situations: when fish are aggregated into large dense shoals and when (at another season or time of the day or according to physiological status) fishes are regularly distributed within a given water layer. In addition to the difference it makes whether the FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Department fish are aggregated in a small volume or spread within a large one, fish may swim (and avoid the net) at different speeds according to its own physiological status and/or other external conditions. As a result, in addition to the fish which is targeted, other different conditions will affect the design and size of the midwater trawl, as well as the towing speed. Fishing Gear A midwater pair trawl has roughly similar design as other midwater trawls. Midwater pair trawls might, however, be designed to have a more rectangular opening than ordinary midwater otter trawls. Midwater pair trawls might be rigged with two towing warps from each vessel or alternatively with one towing warp from each vessel and a bridle arrangement. -
Fish and Fishery Products Hazards and Controls Guidance Fourth Edition – APRIL 2011
SGR 129 Fish and Fishery Products Hazards and Controls Guidance Fourth Edition – APRIL 2011 DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION CENTER FOR FOOD SAFETY AND APPLIED NUTRITION OFFICE OF FOOD SAFETY Fish and Fishery Products Hazards and Controls Guidance Fourth Edition – April 2011 Additional copies may be purchased from: Florida Sea Grant IFAS - Extension Bookstore University of Florida P.O. Box 110011 Gainesville, FL 32611-0011 (800) 226-1764 Or www.ifasbooks.com Or you may download a copy from: http://www.fda.gov/FoodGuidances You may submit electronic or written comments regarding this guidance at any time. Submit electronic comments to http://www.regulations. gov. Submit written comments to the Division of Dockets Management (HFA-305), Food and Drug Administration, 5630 Fishers Lane, Rm. 1061, Rockville, MD 20852. All comments should be identified with the docket number listed in the notice of availability that publishes in the Federal Register. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Food and Drug Administration Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (240) 402-2300 April 2011 Table of Contents: Fish and Fishery Products Hazards and Controls Guidance • Guidance for the Industry: Fish and Fishery Products Hazards and Controls Guidance ................................ 1 • CHAPTER 1: General Information .......................................................................................................19 • CHAPTER 2: Conducting a Hazard Analysis and Developing a HACCP Plan -
A Study on Aquatic Biodiversity in the Lake Victoria Basin
A Study on Aquatic Biodiversity in the Lake Victoria Basin EAST AFRICAN COMMUNITY LAKE VICTORIA BASIN COMMISSION A Study on Aquatic Biodiversity in the Lake Victoria Basin © Lake Victoria Basin Commission (LVBC) Lake Victoria Basin Commission P.O. Box 1510 Kisumu, Kenya African Centre for Technology Studies (ACTS) P.O. Box 459178-00100 Nairobi, Kenya Printed and bound in Kenya by: Eyedentity Ltd. P.O. Box 20760-00100 Nairobi, Kenya Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A Study on Aquatic Biodiversity in the Lake Victoria Basin, Kenya: ACTS Press, African Centre for Technology Studies, Lake Victoria Basin Commission, 2011 ISBN 9966-41153-4 This report cannot be reproduced in any form for commercial purposes. However, it can be reproduced and/or translated for educational use provided that the Lake Victoria Basin Commission (LVBC) is acknowledged as the original publisher and provided that a copy of the new version is received by Lake Victoria Basin Commission. TABLE OF CONTENTS Copyright i ACRONYMS iii FOREWORD v EXECUTIVE SUMMARY vi 1. BACKGROUND 1 1.1. The Lake Victoria Basin and Its Aquatic Resources 1 1.2. The Lake Victoria Basin Commission 1 1.3. Justification for the Study 2 1.4. Previous efforts to develop Database on Lake Victoria 3 1.5. Global perspective of biodiversity 4 1.6. The Purpose, Objectives and Expected Outputs of the study 5 2. METHODOLOGY FOR ASSESSMENT OF BIODIVERSITY 5 2.1. Introduction 5 2.2. Data collection formats 7 2.3. Data Formats for Socio-Economic Values 10 2.5. Data Formats on Institutions and Experts 11 2.6. -
Thailand's Shrimp Culture Growing
Foreign Fishery Developments BURMA ':.. VIET ,' . .' NAM LAOS .............. Thailand's Shrimp ...... Culture Growing THAI LAND ,... ~samut Sangkhram :. ~amut Sakorn Pond cultivation ofblacktigerprawns, khlaarea. Songkhla's National Institute '. \ \ Bangkok........· Penaeus monodon, has brought sweep ofCoastal Aquaculture (NICA) has pro , ••~ Samut prokan ing economic change over the last2 years vided the technological foundation for the to the coastal areas of Songkhla and establishment of shrimp culture in this Nakhon Si Thammarat on the Malaysian area. Since 1982, NICA has operated a Peninsula (Fig. 1). Large, vertically inte large shrimp hatchery where wild brood grated aquaculture companies and small stock are reared on high-quality feeds in .... Gulf of () VIET scale rice farmers alike have invested optimum water temperature and salinity NAM heavily in the transformation of paddy conditions. The initial buyers ofNICA' s Thailand fields into semi-intensive ponds for shrimp postlarvae (pI) were small-scale Nakhon Si Thammarat shrimp raising. Theyhave alsodeveloped shrimp farmers surrounding Songkhla • Hua Sai Songkhla an impressive infrastructure ofelectrical Lake. .. Hot Yai and water supplies, feeder roads, shrimp Andaman hatcheries, shrimp nurseries, feed mills, Background Sea cold storage, and processing plants. Thailand's shrimp culture industry is Located within an hour's drive ofSong the fastest growing in Southeast Asia. In khla's new deep-waterport, the burgeon only 5 years, Thailand has outstripped its Figure 1.-Thailand and its major shrimp ing shrimp industry will have direct competitors to become the region's num culture area. access to international markets. Despite ber one producer. Thai shrimp harvests a price slump since May 1989, expansion in 1988 reached 55,000 metric tons (t), onall fronts-production, processingand a 320 percent increase over the 13,000 t marketing-continues at a feverish pace. -
Cobia Database Articles Final Revision 2.0, 2-1-2017
Revision 2.0 (2/1/2017) University of Miami Article TITLE DESCRIPTION AUTHORS SOURCE YEAR TOPICS Number Habitat 1 Gasterosteus canadus Linné [Latin] [No Abstract Available - First known description of cobia morphology in Carolina habitat by D. Garden.] Linnaeus, C. Systema Naturæ, ed. 12, vol. 1, 491 1766 Wild (Atlantic/Pacific) Ichthyologie, vol. 10, Iconibus ex 2 Scomber niger Bloch [No Abstract Available - Description and alternative nomenclature of cobia.] Bloch, M. E. 1793 Wild (Atlantic/Pacific) illustratum. Berlin. p . 48 The Fisheries and Fishery Industries of the Under this head was to be carried on the study of the useful aquatic animals and plants of the country, as well as of seals, whales, tmtles, fishes, lobsters, crabs, oysters, clams, etc., sponges, and marine plants aml inorganic products of U.S. Commission on Fisheries, Washington, 3 United States. Section 1: Natural history of Goode, G.B. 1884 Wild (Atlantic/Pacific) the sea with reference to (A) geographical distribution, (B) size, (C) abundance, (D) migrations and movements, (E) food and rate of growth, (F) mode of reproduction, (G) economic value and uses. D.C., 895 p. useful aquatic animals Notes on the occurrence of a young crab- Proceedings of the U.S. National Museum 4 eater (Elecate canada), from the lower [No Abstract Available - A description of cobia in the lower Hudson Eiver.] Fisher, A.K. 1891 Wild (Atlantic/Pacific) 13, 195 Hudson Valley, New York The nomenclature of Rachicentron or Proceedings of the U.S. National Museum Habitat 5 Elacate, a genus of acanthopterygian The universally accepted name Elucate must unfortunately be supplanted by one entirely unknown to fame, overlooked by all naturalists, and found in no nomenclator. -
Recent Advances in Fish Processing and Product Development
Recent advances in fish processing and product development Item Type article Authors Nair, M.R. Download date 01/10/2021 22:59:05 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/1834/31809 Journal of the Indian Fisheries Association 18, 1988, 483-488 RECENT ADVANCES IN FISH PROCESSING AND PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT M.R. NAIR Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Coct)in - 682 029. ABSTRACT There are good possibilities for expanding the consumer sector in both the traditional and nontraditional marine products. Frozen shrimp continues to be the item of highest demand in foreign markets. Individual quick frozen (IQF) prawns which are indeed value added products and have already penetrated international markets elicit export incentive from development agencies like the Marine Products Export Development Authority. With the projected potential of 1.8 lakh tonnes of cephalopods against the current yield . of 13,000 tonnes, there are good prospects of increasing exports of frozen &;JUid and cuttlefish. The technology of packing fish in retortable pouches as an alternative to canning has now been perfected. Salted fish mirice has good market potential within the country and abroad. Diversification of fish products which are acceptable to larger fish consuming communities would alone ensure profitable utilization of our marine resources. INTRODUCTION India's total marine fish ·landings amount to 1.53 million metric tonnes against the harvestable resource of 4. 5 million ton nes projected potential. Of the landings, just over 65% are con sumed in fresh condition, about 20% converted· into salted and dried products, 4% reducted into fish meal and 7% made into frozen products which almost exclusively go for export purpose. -
Illegal Fishing on Lake Victoria How Joint Operations Are Making an Impact December 2016
STOP ILLEGAL FISHING CASE STUDY SERIES 12 Illegal fishing on Lake Victoria How joint operations are making an impact December 2016 Background Many initiatives have been undertaken – especially in the Lake Victoria is an important source area of monitoring, control and surveillance (MCS) – to of freshwater fish, contributing address the challenges of illegal fishing on Lake Victoria. significantly to the economies of For example, community-based Beach Management Units Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda and the 3 livelihoods and nutrition of three million (BMUs) have been established to legally represent each people. fishing community and undertake MCS activities; an MCS Nile perch, introduced in the 1950s, Regional Working Group (RWG-MCS) has been established became the most important species in to coordinate MCS activities; and the industrial fish the lake decimating the endemic fish processors exercise self-regulation in order to sustain their and, creating a lucrative commercial exports. However the problem continues, to an extent due fishery. Over-fishing and the use of destructive fishing gear has reduced to a lack of equipment and financing as well as technical the stock of larger, legal sized Nile capacity to implement MCS operations. perch1, resulting in the illegal trade of undersized fish. The Chinese market Faced with a continuing decline in the Nile perch stocks, for dried swim bladders has removed the LVFO Council of Ministers asked the SmartFish spawners from the stock, further Programme to work with all three member states to affecting its ability to recover. strengthen MCS of the lake fisheries. This took the form of The Lake Victoria Fisheries Organization capacity building in the first year, to develop professional (LVFO) was formed in 1994, but illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) MCS teams, followed by practical operations for the fishing continues to have a severe remaining three years. -
Resources for Fish Feed in Future Mariculture
Vol. 1: 187–200, 2011 AQUACULTURE ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS Published online March 10 doi: 10.3354/aei00019 Aquacult Environ Interact OPENPEN ACCESSCCESS AS I SEE IT Resources for fish feed in future mariculture Yngvar Olsen* Trondhjem Biological Station, Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway ABSTRACT: There is a growing concern about the ability to produce enough nutritious food to feed the global human population in this century. Environmental conflicts and a limited freshwater supply constrain further developments in agriculture; global fisheries have levelled off, and aquaculture may have to play a more prominent role in supplying human food. Freshwater is important, but it is also a major challenge to cultivate the oceans in an environmentally, economically and energy- friendly way. To support this, a long-term vision must be to derive new sources of feed, primarily taken from outside the human food chain, and to move carnivore production to a lower trophic level. The main aim of this paper is to speculate on how feed supplies can be produced for an expanding aquaculture industry by and beyond 2050 and to establish a roadmap of the actions needed to achieve this. Resources from agriculture, fish meal and fish oil are the major components of pellet fish feeds. All cultured animals take advantage of a certain fraction of fish meal in the feed, and marine carnivores depend on a supply of marine lipids containing highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA, with ≥3 double bonds and ≥20 carbon chain length) in the feed. The availability of HUFA is likely the main constraint for developing carnivore aquaculture in the next decades. -
LAND USE in KENYA the Case for a National Land Use Policy
landUse4.1 2/22/02 10:29 AM Page i LAND USE IN KENYA The case for a national land use policy Kenya Land Alliance ol. 3 v Land Reform landUse4.1 2/22/02 10:29 AM Page ii II Credits Published by: Kenya Land Alliance Printing House Road PO Box 7150, Nakuru Tel: +254 37 41203 Email: [email protected] Text by: Consultants for Natural Resources Management PO Box 62702, Nairobi Tel: +254 2 723958; 0733-747677 Fax: +254 2 729607 Email: [email protected] Edited By: Ms. Dali Mwagore PO Box 30677, Nairobi Design and Layout: Creative Multimedia Communications Limited PO Box 56196, Nairobi Tel: +254 2 230048 ISBN 9966-896-92-2 Printed by: Printfast Kenya Limited PO Box Nairobi Tel: 557051 Land Use in Kenya • The case for a national land-use policy landUse4.1 2/22/02 10:29 AM Page iii Cover iii Alpine moorland (water catchments) Humid (intensive agriculture/forestry) Humid (intensive mixed farming) Semi-humid (mixed dryland farming) Semi-arid (pastoralism/wildlife) Arid (nomadic pastoralism) Land Use in Kenya • The case for a national land-use policy landUse4.1 2/22/02 10:29 AM Page iv iv Contents Contents Acknowledgement vi Preface vii Summary viii Acronyms ix Introduction: Land use in Kenya 2 Chapter One: Land resources in Kenya 1.1 Agricultural land potential 5 1.2 Forest resources 10 1.3 Savannahs and grasslands 15 1.4 Water resources 20 1.5 Fisheries 25 1.6 Wetlands 27 1.7 Wildlife resources 29 1.8 Mineral resources 31 1.9 Energy 33 Chapter Two: Land abuse in Kenya 2.1 Soil erosion 37 2.2 Pollution 42 2.3 The polluting agents 44 2.4 Urban -
Socio-Economic Impacts of Trawling in Lake Victoria 26
Socio-Economic Impacts of Trawling in Lake Victoria. Item Type Report Section Authors Abila, R. Publisher IUCN Eastern Africa Regional Office Download date 26/09/2021 09:44:50 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/1834/7261 SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF TRAWLING IN LAKE VICTORIA RICHARD O. ABILA Research Officer Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research Institute P.O. Box 1881 Kisumu, Kenya Introduction Trawling is a unique technique of harvesting fish on Lake Victoria. It is a modern method requiring relatively high capital investment and is capable of using complex scientific gadgets in monitoring and hauling fish. The fish caught by an average trawler may be many times what a local fishing unit may produce. Therefore, a trawler will yield higher catch per unit of labour and time input in a fishing operation than the traditional fishing boats. There is an official ban in place on commercial trawling in all three East African countries. Despite this, illegal trawling has persisted, presumably with the tacit knowledge of the government officers responsible for enforcing the ban. It appears that the incentives and profits attained in trawling are so high that some trawler owners continue in the business even at the risk of being prosecuted. Alternatively it may be that trawler owners are very powerful and influential people in business or in the civil service. Evidence shows that among the initial owners of trawl boats in Kenya were top government officials, including a Cabinet Minister and an Assistant Director of Fisheries living in the lake region. The profit motives and the powerful forces in the trawler industry effectively ensured that "disused" and non-performing vessels previously owned by the government of Kenya for the delivery of social services, in patrolling the lake and transporting passengers and goods, were purchased by private businessmen and renovated into trawlers. -
Impact of Bottom Trawling on Sediment Biogeochemistry: a Modelling Approach Emil De Borger1,2, Justin Tiano2,1, Ulrike Braeckman1, Adriaan D
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2020-328 Preprint. Discussion started: 21 September 2020 c Author(s) 2020. CC BY 4.0 License. Impact of bottom trawling on sediment biogeochemistry: a modelling approach Emil De Borger1,2, Justin Tiano2,1, Ulrike Braeckman1, Adriaan D. Rijnsdorp3, Karline Soetaert2,1. 1Ghent University, Department of Biology, Marine Biology Research Group, Krijgslaan 281/S8, 9000 Ghent, Belgium 5 2Royal Netherlands Institute of Sea Research (NIOZ), Department of Estuarine and Delta Systems, and Utrecht University, Korringaweg 7, P.O. Box 140, 4401 NT Yerseke, The Netherlands 3Wageningen Marine Research, Wageningen University & Research, IJmuiden, The Netherlands Correspondence to : Emil De Borger ([email protected]) Abstract 10 Bottom trawling in shelf seas can occur more than 10 times per year for a given location. This affects the benthic metabolism, through a mortality of the macrofauna, resuspension of organic matter from the sediment, and alterations of the physical sediment structure. However, the trawling impacts on organic carbon mineralization and associated processes are not well known. Using a modelling approach, the effects of increasing trawling frequencies on early diagenesis were studied in five different sedimentary environments, simulating the effects of a deep penetrating gear (e.g. a tickler chain beam trawl) and a 15 shallower, more variable penetrating gear (e.g. an electric pulse trawl). Trawling events strongly increased oxygen and nitrate concentrations in surface sediment layers, and led to significantly lower amounts of ammonium (43 – 99 % reduction) and organic carbon in the top 10 cm of the sediment (62 – 96 % reduction). As a result, total mineralization rates in the sediment were decreased by up to 28 %.