DOCSLIB.ORG

FAO Fisheries & Aquaculture

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
FAO Fisheries & Aquaculture Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Fisheries and for a world without hunger Aquaculture Department Fishing Techniques Midwater Pair Trawling Main Components Aquatic species Target Species Semi-pelagic/demersal species Atlantic herring European pilchard(=Sardine) Seabream Hake Seabass European sprat Target Species Pelagic species Gear types: Midwater pair trawls Midwater pair trawls It has similar characteristics as midwater trawls used with otter boards. Vessel types: Pair trawlers In the wet-fish trawler the fish is kept in the hold in the fresh/"wet" condition. Characteristics Midwater pair trawling Species Environment Midwater pair trawling can be effective in different situations: when fish are aggregated into large dense shoals and when (at another season or time of the day or according to physiological status) fishes are regularly distributed within a given water layer. In addition to the difference it makes whether the FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Department fish are aggregated in a small volume or spread within a large one, fish may swim (and avoid the net) at different speeds according to its own physiological status and/or other external conditions. As a result, in addition to the fish which is targeted, other different conditions will affect the design and size of the midwater trawl, as well as the towing speed. Fishing Gear A midwater pair trawl has roughly similar design as other midwater trawls. Midwater pair trawls might, however, be designed to have a more rectangular opening than ordinary midwater otter trawls. Midwater pair trawls might be rigged with two towing warps from each vessel or alternatively with one towing warp from each vessel and a bridle arrangement. One of the advantages of pair trawling is the possibility to tow the trawl very close to the surface. Herding effect on fish by the two vessels may increase the capture efficiency in shallow waters and at the surface. Vessel Overview A pair trawler may be an open boat with an outboard engine, or any vessel up to 60 meters decked Trawlers. The pair trawlers are commonly of similar sizes and power. It is however possible to fish successfully with boats of different size and power as long as the difference is not too important. Handling Mode The modern distant waters pair trawlers are equipped to freeze or salt their catch. They may also have liver oil extractors and drinking water evaporators. Fishery Production Systems Possible exploitation forms using bottom pair trawling are: small scale and semi industrial. Fishing Environment Marine coastal and high-sea waters; some inland waters e.g. large lakes. Fishing Operations Pair trawling in midwater is by far more common than Bottom pair trawling. Trawling in pair has several advantages over single boat trawling. There is no need for otter boards to open the trawl horizontally and consequently, more power is available for towing the net itself. As a result, a bigger trawl can be used, with bigger mouth opening and, therefore, increased catching power. To a certain extent, two vessels have more chance to find some aggregated fish and location of fish is absolutely essential to fishing in midwater. When towing the trawl, the two boats are sailing over either sides of the fish school and not directly over it as a single trawler is doing; as a result, the fish is less disturbed (and, for instance, will not tend to swim deeper), while when the fish is close to the surface, the drag of the two vessels may have an herding effect grouping fish before the trawl opening. Regarding the rigging, for getting the correct vertical opening, groups of floats or buoys are often attached to each of the upper wings, the headline extremities and weights are hung at the extremities of the two lower wings or a few meters before them. The distance between the two pair trawlers and the towing speed are also very important elements for the trawl opening. In general, a netsounder (vertical echosounder fixed on the trawl itself) is used to control the opening of the trawl and its position versus the surface or the bottom. 1. Searching for fish The first part of the operation is the search for fish, by means of echosounder and sonar. 2. Setting the net Once a school of fish is located, and its size and depth (versus the bottom or the surface) determined, the vessels move downwind and the "main boat" on which the trawl was kept starts paying out the net. This is done very quickly. Once the trawl has been completely shot in the water and is clear from any entanglement, the "partner boat" comes alongside and to catch a light heaving line thrown from the main boat for making the transfer of the bridles (one or two according to the type of rigging) or the wing extremities (upper and lower) on one side of the trawl. The ends of the bridles or the wing extremities are tied to the heaving line, pulled quickly aboard partner vessel and connected to its warp. The midwater pair trawl is towed with one or two warps on each vessel; the rigging with two warps from each vessel is more common. 3. Towing the net When all the warp is set and the winch brakes applied, the Towing the net trawlers commence towing on parallel courses. Maintaining the correct spacing between vessels while towing is a crucial factor, in particular for the correct horizontal opening of the mouth. Anyway, it is very important that skippers keep in touch with each other during all the fishing operations. FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Department 4. Hauling the net Once the net has been pulled through the school of fish or after a given duration selected for the haul (according to the density of scattered fish within the water layer), hauling can begin. The hauling operation varies with the type of pair trawl gear in use. Most pair trawlers heave in all the warp which make at the same time that the two boats are gradually coming closer. When both warp ends have been reached, a heaving line is throw across and the bridles or wings ends from one of the vessel are attached to it for being transferred on board the vessel which will haul in the net itself. Then, the "hauling vessel" pulls in together the bridles, the wings and the rest of the net. Fishery Overview Fleets of pair trawlers operate in midwater from ports in Brittany (France), Denmark, Ireland, Sweden, Germany and Holland. This fishing technique is also used to a lesser degree in Canada and USA. Issues Discard In most cases, pair trawling in midwater is almost mono-species fishery or just a few species are caught at the same time (especially when fishing on shoals). Bycatch rates of other species are, in most of the cases, low. Because fishing is in midwater, there is no impact on bottom habitat and bottom structure. In certain fishing area, some incidental catch of dolphins or other marine mammals may be a problem. Source of information Thomson, D. 1978 “Pair trawling and pair seining; the technology of two-boat fishing.” Fishing New Books. 0-85238-087-9 FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Department.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • SUSTAINABLE FISHERIES and RESPONSIBLE AQUACULTURE: a Guide for USAID Staff and Partners
    SUSTAINABLE FISHERIES AND RESPONSIBLE AQUACULTURE: A Guide for USAID Staff and Partners June 2013 ABOUT THIS GUIDE GOAL This guide provides basic information on how to design programs to reform capture fisheries (also referred to as “wild” fisheries) and aquaculture sectors to ensure sound and effective development, environmental sustainability, economic profitability, and social responsibility. To achieve these objectives, this document focuses on ways to reduce the threats to biodiversity and ecosystem productivity through improved governance and more integrated planning and management practices. In the face of food insecurity, global climate change, and increasing population pressures, it is imperative that development programs help to maintain ecosystem resilience and the multiple goods and services that ecosystems provide. Conserving biodiversity and ecosystem functions are central to maintaining ecosystem integrity, health, and productivity. The intent of the guide is not to suggest that fisheries and aquaculture are interchangeable: these sectors are unique although linked. The world cannot afford to neglect global fisheries and expect aquaculture to fill that void. Global food security will not be achievable without reversing the decline of fisheries, restoring fisheries productivity, and moving towards more environmentally friendly and responsible aquaculture. There is a need for reform in both fisheries and aquaculture to reduce their environmental and social impacts. USAID’s experience has shown that well-designed programs can reform capture fisheries management, reducing threats to biodiversity while leading to increased productivity, incomes, and livelihoods. Agency programs have focused on an ecosystem-based approach to management in conjunction with improved governance, secure tenure and access to resources, and the application of modern management practices.
    [Show full text]
  • Consultancy Report an Overview )F Vessels, Gearand Fishingtechniques Practicedin the Fisheriesof Peru
    Consultancy Report An Overview )f Vessels, Gearand FishingTechniques Practicedin the Fisheriesof Peru Peru: Export Trade and Development Program 527-0349-A-00-1275-00 Prepared by: W. Douglas Souter Prepared for: Agricultural Cooperative Development International 50 F Street, NW, Suite 900 Washington, DC 20001 Phone: 202/638-4661 Fax: 202/626-8726 December 7, 1993 AN OVERVIEW OF VESSELS, GEAR AND FISHING TECHNIQUES PRACTICED IN THE FISHERIES OF PERU Submitted to: Asociaci6n de Exportadores (ADEX) Avenida Santo Toribio 151 San Isidro Lima, PERU By: W. Douglas Souter San Diego, California For: Agricultural Cooperative Development International Washington, D.C. December 7, 1993 CONTENTS I. PREFACE .............................................. 1 II. PROJECT OBJECTIVES ................................... 2 III. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................. 3 IV. BACKGROUND ............................................. 7 V. PURSE SEINE VESSELS ENGAGED IN THE ANCHOVETA/ SARDINA/JUREL/CABELLA FISHERY .................. 8 Background 8 Discussion and Recommendations 9 VI. BOTTOM-TRAWL VESSELS ENGAGED IN THE MERLUSA FISHERY.. 11 Background 11 Operating and On-Board Handling Practices 12 Discussion end Recommendations 12 VII. BOTTOM PAIR TRAWLING FOR MERLUSA ..................... 14 Background 14 Vessels 15 Trawl Nets 15 Discussion and Recommendations 16 VIII. MID-WATER TRAWLING .............................. 18 IX. SINGLE VESSEL MID-WATER TRAWLING FOR JUREL AND CABELLA .................. ....... o.............o........ 19 Background 19 Vessels 19 Trawl Nets 20 Discussion and Recommendations 20 X. MID-WATER PAIR TRAWLING FOR JUREL AND CABALLA........ 21 Background 21 Vessels 21 Trawl Nets 21 Discussion and Recommendations 22 XI. VESSEL REFRIGERATION ....................... ........ 23 Refrigerated Sea Water 23 Pumping System 23 Fish Hold 23 Refrigeration Systems 24 Chilled Sea Water 26 Icing of Fish 29 XII. VESSEL SANITATION .............. ...................... 30 Discussion and Recommendations 30 CONTENTS Page XIII.
    [Show full text]
  • Some Recent Examples of Fishing Gear Technology Development Or
    MFR PAPER 1235 The resul t of the program and the interest in quid by the Southern New E ngland fi shing industry is illustrated Som e Recent Examples of Fishing in Table 1 which compares the spring Gear Technology Development or landi ngs of 1975 with those of 1976. Transfer in New England HERRING Pelagic pair-trawli ng fo r herring wa adopted by the New England ROBERT E. TABER industry through the effort of the University of Rh ode Island (URI ) Sea Fishing gear development or techno­ Robert E Taber is with the Uni­ Grant Program about 5 years ago. logy transfer supported by a variety versity of Rhode Island Marine Since that time the method has been offunding sources is currently being Advisory Service, Kingston, RI adopted by vessels from Cape May, conducted in New England by universi­ 02881 . .J., to Boothbay Harbor , Maine, with ties. state fisheries agencies. or non ­ because of the manner in which the interest also developing on the possi­ profit fis heries corporations. The fund ­ quid reacted to light from May to bility of bottom pair-trawling. Funding ing sources for these efforts have. for ovember of 1974. It was demonstrat­ from the Southern New England the most part. been through the New ed that the squid could be conce ntrated Development Program has enabled the England Fisheries Development Pro­ in approximately a 200 -foot diameter URI Marine Advisory Service to gram. local Sea Grant programs. or the area around a vessel to a depth of 5 succes fu ll y introduce this technique to Southern New England Fisheries De­ fathoms.
    [Show full text]
  • Cobia Database Articles Final Revision 2.0, 2-1-2017
    Revision 2.0 (2/1/2017) University of Miami Article TITLE DESCRIPTION AUTHORS SOURCE YEAR TOPICS Number Habitat 1 Gasterosteus canadus Linné [Latin] [No Abstract Available - First known description of cobia morphology in Carolina habitat by D. Garden.] Linnaeus, C. Systema Naturæ, ed. 12, vol. 1, 491 1766 Wild (Atlantic/Pacific) Ichthyologie, vol. 10, Iconibus ex 2 Scomber niger Bloch [No Abstract Available - Description and alternative nomenclature of cobia.] Bloch, M. E. 1793 Wild (Atlantic/Pacific) illustratum. Berlin. p . 48 The Fisheries and Fishery Industries of the Under this head was to be carried on the study of the useful aquatic animals and plants of the country, as well as of seals, whales, tmtles, fishes, lobsters, crabs, oysters, clams, etc., sponges, and marine plants aml inorganic products of U.S. Commission on Fisheries, Washington, 3 United States. Section 1: Natural history of Goode, G.B. 1884 Wild (Atlantic/Pacific) the sea with reference to (A) geographical distribution, (B) size, (C) abundance, (D) migrations and movements, (E) food and rate of growth, (F) mode of reproduction, (G) economic value and uses. D.C., 895 p. useful aquatic animals Notes on the occurrence of a young crab- Proceedings of the U.S. National Museum 4 eater (Elecate canada), from the lower [No Abstract Available - A description of cobia in the lower Hudson Eiver.] Fisher, A.K. 1891 Wild (Atlantic/Pacific) 13, 195 Hudson Valley, New York The nomenclature of Rachicentron or Proceedings of the U.S. National Museum Habitat 5 Elacate, a genus of acanthopterygian The universally accepted name Elucate must unfortunately be supplanted by one entirely unknown to fame, overlooked by all naturalists, and found in no nomenclator.
    [Show full text]
  • Statoil-Chapter 14 Commercial Fisheries
    Commercial fisheries Table of Contents 14 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES 14-1 14.1 Introduction 14-1 14.2 Legislative context and relevant guidance 14-2 14.3 Scoping and consultation 14-2 14.4 Baseline description 14-3 14.4.1 Introduction 14-3 14.4.2 Data gaps and uncertainties 14-3 14.4.3 Fishing activity overview 14-4 14.4.4 Description of individual fisheries 14-9 14.4.5 Key ports and vessel numbers 14-23 14.4.6 Salmon and sea trout fishery 14-23 14.4.7 Aquaculture 14-25 14.5 Impact assessment 14-25 14.5.1 Overview 14-25 14.5.2 Assessment criteria 14-25 14.5.3 Design Envelope 14-26 14.5.4 Data gaps and uncertainties 14-27 14.6 Impacts during construction and installation 14-27 14.6.1 Loss of access to fishing grounds 14-27 14.7 Impacts during operation and maintenance 14-29 14.7.1 Loss of access to fishing grounds 14-29 14.8 Potential variances in environmental impacts (based on Design Envelope) 14-29 14.9 Cumulative and in-combination impacts 14-29 14.9.1 Potential cumulative and in-combination impacts during construction and installation 14-30 14.9.2 Potential cumulative and in-combination impacts during operation and maintenance 14-30 14.9.3 Mitigation requirements for potential cumulative and in-combination impacts 14-30 14.10 Long term initiatives 14-30 14.11 References 14-30 Hywind Scotland Pilot Park Project – Environmental Statement Assignment Number: A100142-S35 Document Number: A-100142-S35-EIAS-001-008 iii 14 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES A desk based review of available data was undertaken supported by consultation with fishermen.
    [Show full text]
  • Study on Ownership and Exclusive Rights of Fisheries Means of Production
    Study On Ownership and Exclusive Rights of Fisheries Means of Production Final Report Service Contract: EASME/EMFF/2016/1.3.2.1/SI2.766458 MRAG, AZTI & NEF February – 2019 Final Report EUROPEAN COMMISSION Executive Agency for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (EASME) Unit A.3 — EMFF E-mail: [email protected] European Commission B-1049 Brussels EUROPEAN COMMISSION Study on ownership and exclusive rights of fisheries means of production Service Contract: EASME/EMFF/2016/1.3.2.1/SI2.766458 EASME/EMFF/2017/016 Executive Agency for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (EASME) European Maritime and Fisheries Fund 2018 EN Final Report Europe Direct is a service to help you find answers to your questions about the European Union. Freephone number (*): 00 800 6 7 8 9 10 11 (*) The information given is free, as are most calls (though some operators, phone boxes or hotels may charge you). LEGAL NOTICE This document has been prepared for the European Commission however it reflects the views only of the authors, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein. More information on the European Union is available on the Internet (http://www.europa.eu). Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2019 ISBN: 978-92-9202-453-6 doi: 10.2826/246952 © European Union, 2019 Final Report TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS ........................................................................................ I LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Impact of Bottom Trawling on Sediment Biogeochemistry: a Modelling Approach Emil De Borger1,2, Justin Tiano2,1, Ulrike Braeckman1, Adriaan D
    https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2020-328 Preprint. Discussion started: 21 September 2020 c Author(s) 2020. CC BY 4.0 License. Impact of bottom trawling on sediment biogeochemistry: a modelling approach Emil De Borger1,2, Justin Tiano2,1, Ulrike Braeckman1, Adriaan D. Rijnsdorp3, Karline Soetaert2,1. 1Ghent University, Department of Biology, Marine Biology Research Group, Krijgslaan 281/S8, 9000 Ghent, Belgium 5 2Royal Netherlands Institute of Sea Research (NIOZ), Department of Estuarine and Delta Systems, and Utrecht University, Korringaweg 7, P.O. Box 140, 4401 NT Yerseke, The Netherlands 3Wageningen Marine Research, Wageningen University & Research, IJmuiden, The Netherlands Correspondence to : Emil De Borger ([email protected]) Abstract 10 Bottom trawling in shelf seas can occur more than 10 times per year for a given location. This affects the benthic metabolism, through a mortality of the macrofauna, resuspension of organic matter from the sediment, and alterations of the physical sediment structure. However, the trawling impacts on organic carbon mineralization and associated processes are not well known. Using a modelling approach, the effects of increasing trawling frequencies on early diagenesis were studied in five different sedimentary environments, simulating the effects of a deep penetrating gear (e.g. a tickler chain beam trawl) and a 15 shallower, more variable penetrating gear (e.g. an electric pulse trawl). Trawling events strongly increased oxygen and nitrate concentrations in surface sediment layers, and led to significantly lower amounts of ammonium (43 – 99 % reduction) and organic carbon in the top 10 cm of the sediment (62 – 96 % reduction). As a result, total mineralization rates in the sediment were decreased by up to 28 %.
    [Show full text]
  • Fisheries (Nelson Commercial Fishing Restrictions) Notice 1984. (2) This Notice Shall Come Into Force on the Day After the Date of Its Notification in the Gaz.Ette
    1984/96 THE FISHERIES (NELSON COMMERCIAL FISHING RESTRICTIONS) NOTICE 1984 PURSUANT to section 89 of the Fisheries Act 1983 and the Fisheries (Commercial Fishing) Regulations 1983, the Director-General of Agriculture and Fisheries hereby gives the following notice. ANALYSIS I. Title and commencement 7. Fishing restrictions 2. Interpretation 8. Taking snapper in Tasman Bay and 3. Restrictions on drag netting Golden Bay 4. Trawling prohibited 9. Taking scallops 5. Trawling in Pelorus Sound permitted sub­ 10_ Taking mussels ject to certain restrictions 11. Taking oysters 6. Pair trawling prohibited in Tasman Bay 12. Revocation NOTICE 1. Title and commencement-(I) This notice may be cited as the Fisheries (Nelson Commercial Fishing Restrictions) Notice 1984. (2) This notice shall come into force on the day after the date of its notification in the Gaz.ette. 2. Interpretation-(l) In this notice, unless the context otherwise requires,- "Cod-end" means that end part of a net which is normally closed during fishing and is capable of holding fish while in the water; and includes, in respect of a net carried on a vessel- (a)Up to 10 m overall length ofvessel, not less than the last 3 m of net: (b) Ten to 20 m overall length of vessel, not less than the last 5 m of net: (c) Twenty to 30 m overall length ofvessel, not less than the last 10 m of net: (d)Thirty to 40 m overall length of vessel, not less than the last 15 m of net: . (e) Over 40 m overall length ofvessel, not less than the last 20 m of net: "Danish seine net" means a net which has a
    [Show full text]
  • Sea Bass Fishing and Dolphins
    Sea Bass Fishing and Dolphins Standard Note: SN/SC/3191 Last updated: 20 January 2010 Author: Christopher Barclay Section Science and Environment Section This note describes the problem of dolphin by-catch in the sea bass fishery. The Defra website has a useful, frequently updated, page on Fishing: whales and dolphins (http://www.defra.gov.uk/wildlife-pets/wildlife/protect/whales/index.htm). Another note covers sea bass fishing generally, Sea Bass Fishing (SN/SC/745). Contents 1 Cetacean (dolphin and porpoise) by-catch 2 2 Defra’s closure of the bass fishery in 2004 4 3 The European Commission refuses to widen the closure 2005 5 4 The European Commission position 6 5 The dismissal of Greenpeace’s Judicial Review, October 2005 7 6 How effective is the 12 mile ban? 8 7 Progress in late 2008 and in 2009 9 This information is provided to Members of Parliament in support of their parliamentary duties and is not intended to address the specific circumstances of any particular individual. It should not be relied upon as being up to date; the law or policies may have changed since it was last updated; and it should not be relied upon as legal or professional advice or as a substitute for it. A suitably qualified professional should be consulted if specific advice or information is required. This information is provided subject to our general terms and conditions which are available online or may be provided on request in hard copy. Authors are available to discuss the content of this briefing with Members and their staff, but not with the general public.
    [Show full text]
  • BOTTOM TRAWLING IMPACTS in the BALTIC Editorial and Production Team: Hannah Griffiths Berggren, Valerie De Liedekerke, Ottilia Thoreson, Evan Jeffries, Brandline
    2020 BALTIC A SEA UNDER PRESSURE: BOTTOM TRAWLING IMPACTS IN THE BALTIC Editorial and Production Team: Hannah Griffiths Berggren, Valerie de Liedekerke, Ottilia Thoreson, Evan Jeffries, Brandline Authors: Valerie de Liedekerke, Ottilia Thoreson, Sian Owen, Hannah Griffiths Berggren Special thanks: Professor Rashid Sumaila (Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries – The University of British Columbia); Louise Lieberknecht, Georgios Fylakis, Màrk Aguera and Torben Dedring (GRID-Arendal); Andreas Struck (Navama – Technology for Nature); Marco Milardi (Principal Scientist, Fisheries New Zealand - Tini a Tangaroa, Ministry for Primary Industries - Manatū Ahu Matua). We would also like to thank everyone who kindly provided data and reviewed the report. This report was made possible thanks to a substantial contribution of funds from Monika Selkman. Cover Photo: © Stefan Rosengren / Alamy Stock Photo © Alamy Stock Photo / Solvin Zankl (montage) 2 • WWF BALTIC ECOREGION PROGRAMME 2020 CONTENTS i. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 4 1. BACKGROUND 6 1a. The Baltic Sea under pressure 6 1b. What is ‘bottom trawling’? 8 2. THE IMPACTS OF BOTTOM TRAWLING 10 2a. Physical and biological impacts 10 2b. The future of the Baltic Sea fishing fleet 17 3. RELEVANT POLICY FRAMEWORKS AND COMMITMENTS 22 3a. Global policy frameworks 22 3b. European policy commitments 24 3c. Regional Baltic policy commitments 27 3d. Examples of how governance is failing 28 4. SHOWCASING POSITIVE MANAGEMENT EXAMPLES 30 5. RECOMMENDATIONS 38 ACRONYMS 40 REFERENCES 41 © Alamy Stock Photo / Solvin Zankl (montage) 3 • WWF BALTIC ECOREGION PROGRAMME 2020 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The Baltic Sea is surrounded by nine countries, whose accordingly. Forty per cent of the entire Baltic seafloor, futures are tightly connected to each other and to their an area of 180,000km2, has been disturbed by maritime shared marine resources.
    [Show full text]
  • FAO Fisheries & Aquaculture
    Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Fisheries and for a world without hunger Aquaculture Department Fishing Techniques Shrimp Otter Trawling Main Components Aquatic species Target Species Shrimps Gear types: Single boat bottom otter trawls Single boat bottom otter trawls A single boat bottom otter trawl is a cone-shaped net consisting of a body, normally made from two, four and sometimes more panels, closed by one or two codends and with lateral wings extending forward from the opening. A bottom trawl is kept open horizontally by two otter boards. A boat can be rigged to tow a single or two parallel trawls from the stern or from two outriggers. Vessel types: Otter trawlers These are trawlers on which the fish is preserved by freezing. Characteristics Shrimp otter trawling Species Environment Shrimps constitute one of the most valuable groups of marine species resources. Approximately 2 million tonnes are captured annually in world's fisheries. Targets in shrimp otter trawling encompasses a wide range of species in both tropical and temperate waters. Fishing Gear Trawls used in otter shrimp trawling encompass a range of designs and sizes. Shrimp trawls are typical made in relatively small meshes, with 20-60 mm in the codend. The mesh size in the belly part of the trawls seldom exceed 80 mm. Some larger shrimp trawls may have larger meshes in the wings, up till 100-200 mm. Vertical opening of shrimp trawls may range from less than 1 till 15-20 meters. Characteristic for otter shrimp trawling is that one or two trawls are towed from the stern of a vessel.
    [Show full text]
  • Contribución Al Desarrollo Sostenible
    Contribution to Sustainable Development 2019 - Nueva Pescanova Group FISHING – NAMIBIA – NOVANAM GENERAL SDG SDG SDG SDG SDG SDG SDG SDG SDG SDG SDG SDG SDG SDG SDG SDG SDG SPECIFIC PLAN CODE ACTION'S TITLE PLAN 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Respecting the 12.2 - 14.2 NAM-PL-01 ISO 14001 certification 2.4 9.4 natural environment 12.6 14.7 Respecting the Private Standard of Sustainable 12.2 14.2 NAM-PL-02 2.4 9.4 natural environment Fishing of the Nueva Pescanova Group 12.6 14.7 Respecting the Seabird bycatch reduction programme 12.2 NAM-PL-03 9.4 14.7 natural environment (use of tori lines) 12.6 Respecting the Design of new seabed-friendly 12.2 14.2 NAM-PL-04 9.4 natural environment trawling nets 12.6 14.7 Reduction of water consumption - 12.2 Efficient consumption NAM-PL-05 6.4 9.4 Our glazing 12.6 Common PLANET Reduction of water consumption - 6.3 12.2 Efficient consumption NAM-PL-06 9.4 desalination 6.4 12.4 Circular valorisation organic of fish co- 9.2 12.5 Zero emissions NAM-PL-07 products as fish meal in Lüderitz 9.4 12.6 Circular valorisation of organic fish co- 9.2 12.5 Zero emissions NAM-PL-08 products as fish meal in Walvis Bay 9.4 12.6 Responsible waste management - 12.4 Zero emissions NAM-PL-09 9.4 11.6 management plan 12.5 12.2 13.2 14.2 Zero emissions NAM-PL-10 Improved design of trawl doors 9.4 12.a 13.a 14.7 II Report on the Contribution to Sustainable Development – CSR strategy of the Nueva Pescanova Group – FISHING – NAMIBIA– NOVANAM Page 1 of 7 Contribution to Sustainable Development 2019 - Nueva Pescanova
    [Show full text]