DOCSLIB.ORG

Title: an Alternative Design of Trawls for Off-Shore Fishing in Vietnam

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Title: an Alternative Design of Trawls for Off-Shore Fishing in Vietnam PO Box 1390, Skulagata 4 120 Reykjavik, Iceland Final Project 2001 AN ALTERNATIVE DESIGN OF TRAWLS FOR OFFSHORE FISHING IN VIETNAM Tran Duc Luong Nha Trang University of Fisheries Vietnam [email protected] Supervisors: Mr. Jon Thordarson, University of Akureyri, Iceland [email protected] Mr.Einar Hreinsson, Netagerd vestfjarda HF [email protected] ABSTRACT This study deals with designing an alternative fishing gear for Vietnamese fisheries. It looks at both pair trawl and single trawl with doors for fishing in Vietnam seawater at depth 100 – 300 m. The study used a combination of knowledge pertaining to similarity method and experimental method in trawl designing. Although there is no exact design theory, similarity method gives a sound knowledge for designing trawl net better than experimental knitting method, which is commonly used by Vietnamese fishermen. As the designer has to be creative in each particular case, and the effectiveness of fishing gear so developed depends heavily on the knowledge acquired from fishermen and on information on bottom conditions and fish behaviour, This study could be used as an effort of trial and balance for further work in this direction. It leads to rational decisions regarding future development of suitable trawls for Vietnamese deep-sea fishery. Tran TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................4 1.1 Natural conditions..............................................................................................4 1.2 Characteristics of marine resources ...................................................................6 1.3 The Vietnam fisheries from 1990 to 2000 .........................................................7 1.3.1 Fishing fleet ...............................................................................................7 1.3.2 Fishing gear................................................................................................9 1.3.3 Labour......................................................................................................10 1.3.4 Total production.......................................................................................11 1.3.5 Fishing ports.............................................................................................11 1.3.6 Total export value ....................................................................................11 1.3.7 Target programs .......................................................................................12 1.4 Problems in Vietnamese fisheries....................................................................12 2. LITERATURE REVIEW ....................................................................................13 2.1 The trawl net ....................................................................................................13 2.2 Categories of bottom trawls .............................................................................13 2.3 Development of trawl net.................................................................................14 2.4 Fishing technology...........................................................................................15 3. METHODS ..........................................................................................................16 3.1 Design stages ...................................................................................................16 3.2 Analysis............................................................................................................18 3.2.1 Fishing ground .........................................................................................19 3.2.2 Fishing species and their behaviour.........................................................20 3.2.3 Trawlers ...................................................................................................21 3.2.4 Selecting the prototype ............................................................................21 3.3 Calculations......................................................................................................23 3.3.1 Calculation the mesh size of codend........................................................23 3.3.2 The available towing force of trawler......................................................24 3.3.3 Towing speed ...........................................................................................24 3.3.4 Calculation of twine surface areas ...........................................................25 3.3.5 Calculation the weight of netting.............................................................25 3.3.6 Calculations for floats and sinkers...........................................................25 3.3.7 Calculations for trawl doors.....................................................................26 3.3.8 Calculations of warp ................................................................................26 4. RESULTS ............................................................................................................27 4.1 Value of similarity criteria ...............................................................................27 4.2 Netting area......................................................................................................27 4.3 Weight of nettings............................................................................................27 4.4 Detail statistics of trawls..................................................................................28 4.5 Drawing............................................................................................................29 4.5.1 Single trawl prototype..............................................................................29 4.5.2 New design single trawl...........................................................................30 4.5.3 New design pair trawl ..............................................................................31 5. DISCUSSION......................................................................................................31 6. CONCLUSION....................................................................................................32 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.........................................................................................33 REFERENCES ............................................................................................................34 Appendix 1...................................................................................................................35 Appendix 2...................................................................................................................36 Appendix 3...................................................................................................................37 UNU-Fisheries Training Programme 2 Tran LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: Map of Vietnam..............................................................................................5 Figure 2: Altering of Fishing fleet in Vietnam from 1990 to 2000 (Fistenet 2001d). ...8 Figure 3: Offshore fishing fleet in 2001. .......................................................................9 Figure 4: Ratio of catching methods between demersal and pelagic fish in Vietnam (Fistenet 2001e). ....................................................................................................9 Figure 5: Fishing gear in offshore fishing of Vietnam (Fistenet 2001e) .....................10 Figure 6: Labourers in the fisheries sector in Vietnam from 1990 to 2000 (Fistenet 2001e). .................................................................................................................10 Figure 7: Total production of Vietnam fisheries from 1990 to 2000 (Fistenet 2001e). ..............................................................................................................................11 Figure 8: Total export value of Vietnam fisheries from 1990 to 2000 (Fistenet 2001d). ..............................................................................................................................12 Figure 9: Three categories of bottom trawls (FAO 2001). ..........................................14 Figure 10: Cuttlefish. ...................................................................................................20 Figure 11: The relation between gear size and vessel hp for a given group of vessels (Prado 1990).........................................................................................................25 Figure 12: Vietnamese prototype trawl........................................................................29 Figure 13: New design of single trawl.........................................................................30 Figure 14: New design of pair trawl. ...........................................................................31 List of tables Table 1: Vietnam marine stock and fishing capacity, (Fistenet 2001c).........................7 Table 2: Stock estimates and TAC of demersal fish in Vietnam waters > 50 m (Fistenet 2001a). ..................................................................................................19 Table 3: Stock estimates and potential exploitation of cuttlefish in Vietnamese waters (Fistenet 2001c). ..................................................................................................20 Table 4: Basic parameters of prototype trawl..............................................................23
Load more

Recommended publications
  • FAO Fisheries & Aquaculture
    Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Fisheries and for a world without hunger Aquaculture Department Fishing Techniques Midwater Pair Trawling Main Components Aquatic species Target Species Semi-pelagic/demersal species Atlantic herring European pilchard(=Sardine) Seabream Hake Seabass European sprat Target Species Pelagic species Gear types: Midwater pair trawls Midwater pair trawls It has similar characteristics as midwater trawls used with otter boards. Vessel types: Pair trawlers In the wet-fish trawler the fish is kept in the hold in the fresh/"wet" condition. Characteristics Midwater pair trawling Species Environment Midwater pair trawling can be effective in different situations: when fish are aggregated into large dense shoals and when (at another season or time of the day or according to physiological status) fishes are regularly distributed within a given water layer. In addition to the difference it makes whether the FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Department fish are aggregated in a small volume or spread within a large one, fish may swim (and avoid the net) at different speeds according to its own physiological status and/or other external conditions. As a result, in addition to the fish which is targeted, other different conditions will affect the design and size of the midwater trawl, as well as the towing speed. Fishing Gear A midwater pair trawl has roughly similar design as other midwater trawls. Midwater pair trawls might, however, be designed to have a more rectangular opening than ordinary midwater otter trawls. Midwater pair trawls might be rigged with two towing warps from each vessel or alternatively with one towing warp from each vessel and a bridle arrangement.
    [Show full text]
  • Consultancy Report an Overview )F Vessels, Gearand Fishingtechniques Practicedin the Fisheriesof Peru
    Consultancy Report An Overview )f Vessels, Gearand FishingTechniques Practicedin the Fisheriesof Peru Peru: Export Trade and Development Program 527-0349-A-00-1275-00 Prepared by: W. Douglas Souter Prepared for: Agricultural Cooperative Development International 50 F Street, NW, Suite 900 Washington, DC 20001 Phone: 202/638-4661 Fax: 202/626-8726 December 7, 1993 AN OVERVIEW OF VESSELS, GEAR AND FISHING TECHNIQUES PRACTICED IN THE FISHERIES OF PERU Submitted to: Asociaci6n de Exportadores (ADEX) Avenida Santo Toribio 151 San Isidro Lima, PERU By: W. Douglas Souter San Diego, California For: Agricultural Cooperative Development International Washington, D.C. December 7, 1993 CONTENTS I. PREFACE .............................................. 1 II. PROJECT OBJECTIVES ................................... 2 III. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................. 3 IV. BACKGROUND ............................................. 7 V. PURSE SEINE VESSELS ENGAGED IN THE ANCHOVETA/ SARDINA/JUREL/CABELLA FISHERY .................. 8 Background 8 Discussion and Recommendations 9 VI. BOTTOM-TRAWL VESSELS ENGAGED IN THE MERLUSA FISHERY.. 11 Background 11 Operating and On-Board Handling Practices 12 Discussion end Recommendations 12 VII. BOTTOM PAIR TRAWLING FOR MERLUSA ..................... 14 Background 14 Vessels 15 Trawl Nets 15 Discussion and Recommendations 16 VIII. MID-WATER TRAWLING .............................. 18 IX. SINGLE VESSEL MID-WATER TRAWLING FOR JUREL AND CABELLA .................. ....... o.............o........ 19 Background 19 Vessels 19 Trawl Nets 20 Discussion and Recommendations 20 X. MID-WATER PAIR TRAWLING FOR JUREL AND CABALLA........ 21 Background 21 Vessels 21 Trawl Nets 21 Discussion and Recommendations 22 XI. VESSEL REFRIGERATION ....................... ........ 23 Refrigerated Sea Water 23 Pumping System 23 Fish Hold 23 Refrigeration Systems 24 Chilled Sea Water 26 Icing of Fish 29 XII. VESSEL SANITATION .............. ...................... 30 Discussion and Recommendations 30 CONTENTS Page XIII.
    [Show full text]
  • Some Recent Examples of Fishing Gear Technology Development Or
    MFR PAPER 1235 The resul t of the program and the interest in quid by the Southern New E ngland fi shing industry is illustrated Som e Recent Examples of Fishing in Table 1 which compares the spring Gear Technology Development or landi ngs of 1975 with those of 1976. Transfer in New England HERRING Pelagic pair-trawli ng fo r herring wa adopted by the New England ROBERT E. TABER industry through the effort of the University of Rh ode Island (URI ) Sea Fishing gear development or techno­ Robert E Taber is with the Uni­ Grant Program about 5 years ago. logy transfer supported by a variety versity of Rhode Island Marine Since that time the method has been offunding sources is currently being Advisory Service, Kingston, RI adopted by vessels from Cape May, conducted in New England by universi­ 02881 . .J., to Boothbay Harbor , Maine, with ties. state fisheries agencies. or non ­ because of the manner in which the interest also developing on the possi­ profit fis heries corporations. The fund ­ quid reacted to light from May to bility of bottom pair-trawling. Funding ing sources for these efforts have. for ovember of 1974. It was demonstrat­ from the Southern New England the most part. been through the New ed that the squid could be conce ntrated Development Program has enabled the England Fisheries Development Pro­ in approximately a 200 -foot diameter URI Marine Advisory Service to gram. local Sea Grant programs. or the area around a vessel to a depth of 5 succes fu ll y introduce this technique to Southern New England Fisheries De­ fathoms.
    [Show full text]
  • Statoil-Chapter 14 Commercial Fisheries
    Commercial fisheries Table of Contents 14 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES 14-1 14.1 Introduction 14-1 14.2 Legislative context and relevant guidance 14-2 14.3 Scoping and consultation 14-2 14.4 Baseline description 14-3 14.4.1 Introduction 14-3 14.4.2 Data gaps and uncertainties 14-3 14.4.3 Fishing activity overview 14-4 14.4.4 Description of individual fisheries 14-9 14.4.5 Key ports and vessel numbers 14-23 14.4.6 Salmon and sea trout fishery 14-23 14.4.7 Aquaculture 14-25 14.5 Impact assessment 14-25 14.5.1 Overview 14-25 14.5.2 Assessment criteria 14-25 14.5.3 Design Envelope 14-26 14.5.4 Data gaps and uncertainties 14-27 14.6 Impacts during construction and installation 14-27 14.6.1 Loss of access to fishing grounds 14-27 14.7 Impacts during operation and maintenance 14-29 14.7.1 Loss of access to fishing grounds 14-29 14.8 Potential variances in environmental impacts (based on Design Envelope) 14-29 14.9 Cumulative and in-combination impacts 14-29 14.9.1 Potential cumulative and in-combination impacts during construction and installation 14-30 14.9.2 Potential cumulative and in-combination impacts during operation and maintenance 14-30 14.9.3 Mitigation requirements for potential cumulative and in-combination impacts 14-30 14.10 Long term initiatives 14-30 14.11 References 14-30 Hywind Scotland Pilot Park Project – Environmental Statement Assignment Number: A100142-S35 Document Number: A-100142-S35-EIAS-001-008 iii 14 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES A desk based review of available data was undertaken supported by consultation with fishermen.
    [Show full text]
  • Study on Ownership and Exclusive Rights of Fisheries Means of Production
    Study On Ownership and Exclusive Rights of Fisheries Means of Production Final Report Service Contract: EASME/EMFF/2016/1.3.2.1/SI2.766458 MRAG, AZTI & NEF February – 2019 Final Report EUROPEAN COMMISSION Executive Agency for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (EASME) Unit A.3 — EMFF E-mail: [email protected] European Commission B-1049 Brussels EUROPEAN COMMISSION Study on ownership and exclusive rights of fisheries means of production Service Contract: EASME/EMFF/2016/1.3.2.1/SI2.766458 EASME/EMFF/2017/016 Executive Agency for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (EASME) European Maritime and Fisheries Fund 2018 EN Final Report Europe Direct is a service to help you find answers to your questions about the European Union. Freephone number (*): 00 800 6 7 8 9 10 11 (*) The information given is free, as are most calls (though some operators, phone boxes or hotels may charge you). LEGAL NOTICE This document has been prepared for the European Commission however it reflects the views only of the authors, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein. More information on the European Union is available on the Internet (http://www.europa.eu). Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2019 ISBN: 978-92-9202-453-6 doi: 10.2826/246952 © European Union, 2019 Final Report TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS ........................................................................................ I LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Fisheries (Nelson Commercial Fishing Restrictions) Notice 1984. (2) This Notice Shall Come Into Force on the Day After the Date of Its Notification in the Gaz.Ette
    1984/96 THE FISHERIES (NELSON COMMERCIAL FISHING RESTRICTIONS) NOTICE 1984 PURSUANT to section 89 of the Fisheries Act 1983 and the Fisheries (Commercial Fishing) Regulations 1983, the Director-General of Agriculture and Fisheries hereby gives the following notice. ANALYSIS I. Title and commencement 7. Fishing restrictions 2. Interpretation 8. Taking snapper in Tasman Bay and 3. Restrictions on drag netting Golden Bay 4. Trawling prohibited 9. Taking scallops 5. Trawling in Pelorus Sound permitted sub­ 10_ Taking mussels ject to certain restrictions 11. Taking oysters 6. Pair trawling prohibited in Tasman Bay 12. Revocation NOTICE 1. Title and commencement-(I) This notice may be cited as the Fisheries (Nelson Commercial Fishing Restrictions) Notice 1984. (2) This notice shall come into force on the day after the date of its notification in the Gaz.ette. 2. Interpretation-(l) In this notice, unless the context otherwise requires,- "Cod-end" means that end part of a net which is normally closed during fishing and is capable of holding fish while in the water; and includes, in respect of a net carried on a vessel- (a)Up to 10 m overall length ofvessel, not less than the last 3 m of net: (b) Ten to 20 m overall length of vessel, not less than the last 5 m of net: (c) Twenty to 30 m overall length ofvessel, not less than the last 10 m of net: (d)Thirty to 40 m overall length of vessel, not less than the last 15 m of net: . (e) Over 40 m overall length ofvessel, not less than the last 20 m of net: "Danish seine net" means a net which has a
    [Show full text]
  • Sea Bass Fishing and Dolphins
    Sea Bass Fishing and Dolphins Standard Note: SN/SC/3191 Last updated: 20 January 2010 Author: Christopher Barclay Section Science and Environment Section This note describes the problem of dolphin by-catch in the sea bass fishery. The Defra website has a useful, frequently updated, page on Fishing: whales and dolphins (http://www.defra.gov.uk/wildlife-pets/wildlife/protect/whales/index.htm). Another note covers sea bass fishing generally, Sea Bass Fishing (SN/SC/745). Contents 1 Cetacean (dolphin and porpoise) by-catch 2 2 Defra’s closure of the bass fishery in 2004 4 3 The European Commission refuses to widen the closure 2005 5 4 The European Commission position 6 5 The dismissal of Greenpeace’s Judicial Review, October 2005 7 6 How effective is the 12 mile ban? 8 7 Progress in late 2008 and in 2009 9 This information is provided to Members of Parliament in support of their parliamentary duties and is not intended to address the specific circumstances of any particular individual. It should not be relied upon as being up to date; the law or policies may have changed since it was last updated; and it should not be relied upon as legal or professional advice or as a substitute for it. A suitably qualified professional should be consulted if specific advice or information is required. This information is provided subject to our general terms and conditions which are available online or may be provided on request in hard copy. Authors are available to discuss the content of this briefing with Members and their staff, but not with the general public.
    [Show full text]
  • European Trawlers Are Destroying the Oceans
    EUROPEAN TRAWLERS ARE DESTROYING THE OCEANS Introduction Nearly 100,000 vessels make up the European Union fishing fleet. This includes boats that fish both in EU waters (the domestic fleet), in the waters of other countries and in international waters (the deep-sea fleet). In addition, there is an unknown number of vessels belonging to other European countries that are not members of the EU which could approach a figure half that of the EU fleet. The majority of these vessels sail under the flag of a European country but there are also boats, particularly those fishing on the high seas, which despite being managed, chartered or part owned by European companies, use the flag of the country where they catch their fish or sail under flags of convenience (FOCs). The Fisheries Commission has called for a reform of the Common Fisheries Policy (CFP) to achieve a reduction of 40% in the EU fishing capacity, as forecasts show that by simply following the approved multi-annual plans, barely 8.5% of vessels and 18% of gross tonnage would be decommissioned1; an achievement very distant from scientific recommendations. Moreover, from among these almost 100,000 vessels, the EU is home to a particularly damaging fleet: the 15,000 trawlers that operate in European waters, as well as those of third countries or those fishing on the high seas. These trawlers are overexploiting marine resources and irreversibly damaging some of the most productive and biodiverse ecosystems on the planet. The 40% reduction called for by the Commission could be easily achieved if the primary objective of this proposal was focused both on eliminating the most destructive fishing techniques and reducing fishing overcapacity.
    [Show full text]
  • How Fish Are Caught
    How fish are caught Wild fish can be caught in a variety of different ways, from the traditional rod and line to traps and trawl nets large enough to capture a passenger airplane. Fishing gears can be categorized as either mobile/active or static/passive depending on whether they are towed across the seabed or fixed to it. Mobile/active gear includes any trawls, trolling and drifting nets or lines whereas static/passive gear includes fixed nets, traps and rod and line. Generally static /passive gear has a lower impact on the seabed. Here are the most commonly used fishing methods with a brief explanation of how they work and their environmental impacts. Beam trawl In this type of trawl, the mouth or opening of the net is kept open by a beam, which is mounted at each end on guides or skids which travel along the seabed. The trawls are adapted and made more effective by attaching tickler chains (for sand or mud) or heavy chain matting (for rough, rocky ground) depending on the type of ground being fished. These drag along the seabed in front of the net, disturbing the fish in the path of the trawl, causing them to rise from the seabed into the oncoming net. Electrified ticklers, which are less damaging to the seabed, have been developed but used only experimentally. Work is also being carried out to investigate whether square mesh panels (see below) fitted in the ‘belly’ or lower panel of the net can reduce the impact of beam trawling on communities living on or in the seabed.
    [Show full text]
  • Sussex IFCA Nearshore Trawling Byelaw 2019 Impact Assessment IA
    Title: Sussex IFCA Nearshore Trawling Byelaw 2019 Impact Assessment (IA) Impact Assessment IA No: SXIFCA007 Date: 22/07/20 Lead department or agency: Sussex Inshore Fisheries and Conservation Authority (IFCA) Stage: Final Other departments or agencies: Department for Source of intervention: Domestic Environment Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA), Marine Type of measure: Secondary Legislation Management Organisation (MMO) Contact for enquiries: Tim Dapling, Chief Fisheries and Conservation Officer, Sussex IFCA, 12A Riverside Business Centre, Brighton Road, Shoreham-by-Sea, West Sussex, BN43 6RE Tel: 01273 454407 e-mail: [email protected] Summary: Intervention and Options RPC Opinion: Opinion Status: N/A Cost of Preferred (or more likely) Option (in 2019/20 prices) Total Net Present Business Net Net cost to business per Business Impact Target Social Value Present Value year (EANDCB on 2019 prices) Status £1.2m £1.2m £-0.1m -0.7 What is the problem under consideration? Nearshore marine habitats in Sussex are vital fish breeding, feeding and nursery grounds for many commercial fish species. They are essential fish habitats. Continued use of bottom towed trawling gear in the nearshore environment is not sustainable if these valuable areas are to be protected. Why is Government intervention necessary? The nature of fisheries means that without public sector intervention, most stocks would be overfished. Sussex IFCA considers that commercial pressures would lead some trawlers to pursue stocks in the area and damage the provision of public goods and services in the marine environment. What are the policy objectives and the intended effects? The policy objective is to review and update the current ‘Trawling Exclusion Byelaw’ (made in 1997 and confirmed in 1998) according to best available evidence, and to implement fisheries management measures that best protect the natural capital assets within the Sussex nearshore area.
    [Show full text]
  • Driving Change in South East Asian Trawl Fisheries, Fishmeal Supply, And
    Driving change in South East Asian trawl fisheries, fishmeal supply, and aquafeed Report to IFFO, The Marine Ingredients Organisation and the Global Aquaculture Alliance (GAA) by Duncan Leadbitter Director Fish Matter Pty Ltd August, 2019 1 About the Project sponsors IFFO, The Marine Ingredients Organisation IFFO represents the marine ingredients industry worldwide. IFFO’s members reside in more than 50 countries, account for over 50% of world production and 75% of the fishmeal and fish oil traded worldwide. Approximately 5 million tonnes of fishmeal are produced each year globally, together with 1 million tonnes of fish oil. IFFO’s headquarters are located in London in the United Kingdom and it also has offices in Lima, Peru, and in Beijing, China. IFFO is an accredited Observer to the UN Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO). To find out more, visit www.iffo.net. The Global Aquaculture Alliance (GAA) The Global Aquaculture Alliance is an international, non-profit trade association dedicated to advancing environmentally and socially responsible aquaculture. Through the development of its Best Aquaculture Practices certification standards, GAA has become the leading standards-setting organization for aquaculture seafood. To find out more, visit https://www.aquaculturealliance.org/ 2 Executive Summary Information is generally lacking about South East Asian (SEA) fisheries in terms of their biology, fishing practices, and environmental impact, as well as their contributions for social (e.g. employment, food security implications), or economic (e.g. value, trade dynamics) factors. Some social and fisheries management issues are well known and attract criticism right across the fisheries, fishmeal/oil, aquafeed, aquaculture, seafood and retail sectors.
    [Show full text]
  • Effects of Marine Protected Areas on Fisheries: the Case of São Paulo State, Brazil
    Lat. Am. J. Aquat. Res., 44(5): 1028-1038, 2016 Effects of marine protected areas on fisheries 1028 1 “Pathways for sustainable industrial fisheries in southeastern and southern Brazil” P.M. Arana, P.R. Pezzuto, A.O. Ávila-da-Silva, D. Queirolo, J.A.A. Perez & C.A. Arfelli (eds.). DOI: 10.3856/vol44-issue5-fulltext-14 Research Article Effects of marine protected areas on fisheries: the case of São Paulo State, Brazil Fernanda A. Rolim1& Antônio O. Ávila-da-Silva2 1São Paulo State University - UNESP, Biosciences Institute of Rio Claro, SP, Brazil 2Instituto de Pesca, Centro APTA do Pescado Marinho, Santos, São Paulo, Brazil Corresponding author: Antônio O. Ávila-da-Silva ([email protected]) ABSTRACT. In 2008, the government of the São Paulo State, Brazil, established marine protected areas (MPAs) along its entire coast. Pair trawling was banned from most of these areas ever since. This study investigated how these MPAs influenced on pair trawling fleet's operational patterns and landings from 2005 to 2012 as well as on the other fleets dynamics. Landings of pair trawlers per unit effort remained stable, however, they had to look for farther fishing grounds and capture deeper and less profitable species, changing their landing composition and reducing income. Gillnet fleet, particularly, has intensified fishing in MPAs and showed an increase in catches of some species that was once targeted by pair trawlers. In this case, MPAs management acted more towards a territorial management, protecting artisanal fisheries, than in the protection of fisheries resources. Keywords: industrial fisheries, marine spatial planning, ecosystem approach to fisheries management, fishery socio-economics, southwest Atlantic Ocean.
    [Show full text]