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(2) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2011/0023143 A1 Weinstein Et Al

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(2) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2011/0023143 A1 Weinstein Et Al US 2011 00231.43A1 (19) United States (2) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2011/0023143 A1 Weinstein et al. (43) Pub. Date: Jan. 27, 2011 (54) GENOMIC EDITING OF 2010, provisional application No. 61/308,089, filed on NEURODEVELOPMENTAL GENES IN Feb. 25, 2010, provisional application No. 61/336,000, ANIMALS filed on Jan. 14, 2010, provisional application No. 61/263,904, filed on Nov. 24, 2009, provisional appli (75) Inventors: Edward Weinstein, St. Louis, MO cation No. 61/263,696, filed on Nov. 23, 2009, provi (US); Xiaoxia Cui, St. Louis, MO sional application No. 61/245,877, filed on Sep. 25, (US); Phil Simmons, St. Louis, MO 2009, provisional application No. 61/232,620, filed on (US) Aug. 10, 2009, provisional application No. 61/228, 419, filed on Jul. 24, 2009, provisional application No. Correspondence Address: 61/200,985, filed on Dec. 4, 2008, provisional appli POLSINELLISHUGHART PC cation No. 61/205,970, filed on Jan. 26, 2009. 700 W. 47TH STREET, SUITE 1000 KANSAS CITY, MO 64112-1802 (US) Publication Classification (51) Int. Cl. (73) Assignee: SIGMA-ALDRICH CO., St. G0IN 33/00 (2006.01) Louis, MO (US) A0IR 67/00 (2006.01) (21) Appl. No.: 12/842,578 CI2N 5/10 (2006.01) (52) U.S. Cl. ................... 800/3; 800/13; 800/15; 800/16; (22) Filed: Jul. 23, 2010 800/17: 800/14; 435/325; 435/351; 435/350: 435/366; 435/363; 435/352; 435/353 Related U.S. Application Data (57) ABSTRACT (63) Continuation-in-part of application No. 12/592,852, filed on Dec. 3, 2009. The present invention provides genetically modified animals and cells comprising edited chromosomal sequences encod (60) Provisional application No. 61/343,287, filed on Apr. ing proteins that are associated with neurodevelopmental dis 26, 2010, provisional application No. 61/323,702, orders. In particular, the animals or cells are generated using filed on Apr. 13, 2010, provisional application No. a zinc finger nuclease-mediated editing process. Also pro 61/323,719, filed on Apr. 13, 2010, provisional appli vided are methods of using the genetically modified animals cation No. 61/323,698, filed on Apr. 13, 2010, provi orcells disclosed hereinto screen agents for toxicity and other sional application No. 61/309,729, filed on Mar. 2, effects. US 2011/0023143 A1 Jan. 27, 2011 GENOMIC EDITING OF nition such as learning and memory due to their higher intel NEURODEVELOPMENTAL GENES IN ligence, complex behavioral repertoire, and observable ANIMALS responses to behavior-modulating drugs, all of which better approximate the human condition. Further, the larger physi CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED cal size of rats relative to mice facilitates experimentation that APPLICATIONS requires dissection, in vivo imaging, or isolation of specific [0001] This application claims the priority of U.S. provi cells or organ structures for cellular or molecular studies of sional application No. 61/343,287, filed Apr. 26, 2010, U.S. these neurodevelopmental diseases. provisional application No. 61/323,702, filed Apr. 13, 2010, [0006] A need exists for animals with modification to one U.S. provisional application No. 61/323,719, filed Apr. 13, or more genes associated with human neurodevelopmental 2010, U.S. provisional application No. 61/323,698, filed Apr. disorders to be used as model organisms in which to study 13, 2010, U.S. provisional application No. 61/309,729, filed these disorders. The genetic modifications may include gene Mar. 2, 2010, U.S. provisional application No. 61/308,089, knockouts including tissue-specific or temporal-specific filed Feb. 25, 2010, U.S. provisional application No. 61/336, knockouts using loxP-flanked (“floxed”) alleles in combina 000, filed Jan. 14, 2010, U.S. provisional application No. tion with an inducible Cre-recombinase, as well as under 61/263,904, filed Nov. 24, 2009, U.S. provisional application expression, modified expression, or over-expression of alle No. 61/263,696, filed Nov. 23, 2009, U.S. provisional appli les that either cause or are associated with cation No. 61/245,877, filed Sep. 25, 2009, U.S. provisional neurodevelopmental diseases in humans. Further, a need application No. 61/232,620, filed Aug. 10, 2009, U.S. provi exists for modification of one or more genes associated with sional application No. 61/228,419, filed Jul. 24, 2009, and is human neurodevelopmental disorders in a variety of organ a continuation in part of U.S. non-provisional application Ser. isms in order to develop appropriate animal models of neu No. 12/592,852, filed Dec. 3, 2009, which claims priority to rodevelopmental disorders. U.S. provisional 61/200,985, filed Dec. 4, 2008 and U.S. provisional application 61/205,970, filed Jan. 26, 2009, all of SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety. [0007] One aspect of the present disclosure encompasses a genetically modified animal comprising at least one edited FIELD OF THE INVENTION chromosomal sequence encoding a neurodevelopmental pro tein. [0002] The invention generally relates to genetically modi [0008] A further aspect provides a non-human embryo fied animals or cells comprising at least one edited chromo comprising at least one RNA molecule encoding a zinc finger somal sequence encoding a neurodevelopmental protein. In nuclease that recognizes a chromosomal sequence encoding a particular, the invention relates to the use of a zinc finger neurodevelopmental protein, and, optionally, at least one nuclease-mediated process to edit chromosomal sequences donor polynucleotide comprising a sequence encoding an encoding neurodevelopmental proteins in animals or cells. ortholog of the neurodevelopmental protein or an edited neu rodevelopmental protein. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION [0009] Another aspect provides a genetically modified cell [0003) A number of genes have been associated with com comprising at least one edited chromosomal sequence encod plex neurodevelopmental disorders, which may adversely ing a neurodevelopmental protein. impact cognitive and social functions in affected individuals. [0010] Yet another aspect provides a method for assessing The progress of ongoing research into the causes and treat the effect of an agent in a genetically modified animal. The ments of these neurodevelopmental disorders is hampered by method includes administering the agent to the genetically the onerous task of developing an animal model, which incor modified animal comprising at least one edited chromosomal porates the genes proposed to be involved in the development sequence encoding a neurodevelopmental protein, and com or severity of the neurodevelopmental disorders. paring a parameter obtained from the genetically modified [0004] Conventional methods such as gene knockout tech animal to the parameter obtained from a wild-type animal nology may be used to edit a particular gene in a potential administered the same agent. The parameter is chosen from model organism in order to develop an animal model of a (a) rate of elimination of the agent or its metabolite(s); (b) neurodevelopmental disorder. However, gene knockout tech circulatory levels of the agent or its metabolite(s); (c) bio nology may require months or years to construct and validate availability of the agent or its metabolite(s); (d) rate of the proper knockout models. In addition, genetic editing via metabolism of the agent or its metabolite(s); (e) rate of clear gene knockout technology has been reliably developed in ance of the agent or its metabolite(s): (f) toxicity of the agent only a limited number of organisms, such as mice. Even in a or its metabolite(s); and (g) ability of the agent to modify an best case scenario, mice typically show low intelligence, incidence or indication of a neurodevelopmental disorder in making mice a poor choice of organism in which to study the genetically modified animal. complex disorders of cognition and behavior. Ideally, the [0011] Still yet another aspect encompasses a method for selection of an organism in which to model a complex neu assessing the therapeutic potential of an agent as a treatment rodevelopmental disorder should be based on the organism’s for a neurodevelopmental disorder. This method includes ability to exhibit the characteristics of the disorder as well as administering the agent to a genetically modified animal, its amenability to existing research methods. wherein the genetically modified animal comprises at least [0005] The rat is emerging as a genetically malleable, pre one edited chromosomal sequence encoding a neurodevelop ferred model organism for the study of neurodevelopmental mental protein, and comparing a selected parameter obtained disorders, particularly because these disorders are not well from the genetically modified animal to the selected param modeled in mice. Rats area superior choice compared to mice eter obtained from a wild-type animal with no exposure to the as model organisms for the study of human diseases of cog same agent. The selected parameter is chosen from a) spon US 2011/0023143 A1 Jan. 27, 2011 taneous behaviors; b) performance during behavioral testing: mal disclosed herein may be heterozygous for the edited c) physiological anomalies; d) abnormalities in tissues or chromosomal sequence encoding a protein associated with a cells; e) biochemical function; and f) molecular structures. neurodevelopmental disorder. Alternatively, the genetically [0012] Other aspects and features of the disclosure are modified animal may be homozygous for the edited chromo described more thoroughly below. somal sequence encoding a protein associated with a neu rodevelopmental disorder. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [0015] In one embodiment, the genetically modified animal may comprise at least one inactivated chromosomal sequence [0013] The present disclosure provides a genetically modi encoding a neurodevelopmental protein. The inactivated fied animal or animal cell comprising at least one edited chromosomal sequence may include a deletion mutation (i.e., chromosomal sequence encoding a neurodevelopmental pro deletion of one or more nucleotides), an insertion mutation tein.
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