DOCSLIB.ORG

6 X 10 Long.P65

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-86693-4 - China since Tiananmen: From Deng Xiaoping to Hu Jintao Joseph Fewsmith Index More information Index 1898 Reform Movement, 91, 101, 102 Chen Daixi (Yi Ren), 40 1911 Revolution, 60, 92, 101 Chen Duxiu, 134, 187 Chen Guidi, 233 Academy of Chinese Culture, 8 Chen Haosu, 93 agriculture Chen Liangyu, 240, 271, 277, 279, 281 2006 policy, 268–9 Chen Xitong farming population, 17, 236 career, 25, 74 peasants, 154–5, 232–3, 236, 273 corruption, 172–3, 271 seizure of land, 244 downfall, 208, 272 Allbright, Madeline, 217 hardliner, 24, 51 Asian values, 148–52 ideological debate, 77 Australia, 2 Jiang and, 203 Mayor of Beijing, 93, 172 Bao Zunxin, 8 relations with Deng, 51, 77 Barshefsky, Charlene, 217 successors, 195 Bei Dao, 260 on Tiananmen, 31 ‘Beijing Consensus’, 259–60 Chen Yi, Marshal, 93 Beijing Spring, 201, 204–8 Chen Yinke, 135 Beijing University, 15, 207–8, 260 Chen Yuan, 54, 93–5, 110, 112, 113, 140, 166 Beijing Young Economists Association, 93 Chen Yun Berger, Samuel, 217 career, 26, 54–5, 74 Bo Xicheng, 93 conservative critique, 11, 22n1, 35–6, 38, 48–9, Bo Xilai, 282 59, 61, 63, 94 Bo Yibo, 61, 69, 76, 93, 201, 279, 282 death, 168, 198, 272 Boutros-Ghali, Boutros, 222 ideological debate, 65, 69, 265 Boxer Rebellion, 262 power, 24, 165, 278 Brazil, 143 relations with Jiang Zemin, 76 Brezhnev, Leonid, 191 state planning, 88 Buchanan, James, 89 Tiananmen and, 34 Bush, George H., 213 Chen Zhili, 27 Bush, George W., 2, 119, 149 Chen Ziming, 26 Cheng Nien (Zheng Nian), 126 Cai Yuanpei, 134 Cheng Weigao, 50–1 Cao Gangchuan, 250, 282 Chiang Kai-shek, 193 Cao Jinqing, 233 China Can Say No, 159–62, 166, 225 Cao Siyuan, 193 China Democracy Party, 214 Central Advisory Commission, 61, 65, 74, 76 Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, 43, 77 Central Military Commission, 63–4, 241, 250, Chinese Communist Party 254–5, 277, 281 3rd Plenum (2003), 243–4, 251–4, 258, 265, Central Work Conference (1980), 38 275 Chang Jung (Zhang Rong), 126 4th Plenum (1994), 168–71 325 © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-86693-4 - China since Tiananmen: From Deng Xiaoping to Hu Jintao Joseph Fewsmith Index More information 326 Index Chinese Communist Party (cont.) corruption 4th Plenum (2004), 255, 255–8 Chen Xitong, 172–3, 271 5th Plenum (1996), 183–4 Cheng Weigao, 50 5th Plenum (2005), 251, 268 fight against, 171–4, 257, 258, 270 6th Plenum (1996), 188–9 growth, 121 6th Plenum (2006), 271 Jiang and, 271, 277 12th Congress (1982), 38 political use, 277 13th Congress (1987), 23, 28n, 29, 31, 40, 64, reform and, 167, 274 179, 200 scale, 16–17 14th Congress (1992), 14, 64, 70, 71–7, 79, 135, scandals, 271, 277, 279 175, 177, 199, 267, 278 SOEs, 262–4 15th Congress (1997), 137, 185, 198–203, 205, cosmopolitanism, 7, 16, 91, 103, 107, 108, 109, 210, 242, 279 123, 136 16th Congress (2002), 231, 238–45, 243, 251, Cox, Christopher, 215 255, 271 critical legal studies, 130 17th Congress (2007), 238, 269, 278–84 Cuba, 3 39 Points, 38 Cui Zhiyuan, 129–31, 132, 133, 138, 140, 152, 166, Beijing University and, 208 222 constitution, 4, 282 cultural fever, 8, 11, 106–7, 108 core, 22–3, 169, 196, 278 Cultural Revolution, 4, 7, 25, 45, 91, 122, 129–30, governance, 256–7 153, 155–6, 159 Guiding Rules on Inner Party Life, 4 culture inner-party democracy, 171, 256, 257, 284 1980s debates, 91 legitimacy, 5, 111, 139 Chinese tradition, 136 May Fourth and, 134, 192 colonial culture, 128 PBSC 1992 members, 73 commercialization, 13, 116–17, 120 PBSC 1997 members, 202 consumerism, 114–15, 116 PBSC 2002 members, 241 cultural imperialism, 106, 151, 226–7 PBSC 2007 members, 280 cultural liberalism, rejection, 106–9 PBSC retirement age, 279 cultural nationalism, 90, 150 private entrepreneurs as members, 193, 273 elite, 115, 120, 155 role, 1–2, 87 harmony, 90 Secretariat 1992, 73 Westernization, 105, 108–9, 138–9 Secretariat 1997, 202 Secretariat 2002, 241 Dai Yuanchen, 92 Secretariat 2007, 281 decentralization, 43–5, 86, 94, 96 Seeking Truth, 226–7 deconstructionism, 125 third generation, 168–71, 278 democracy Christianity, 120 activists, 118–19, 166, 219 Christopher, Warren, 149, 191 Beijing Spring, 204 Chun Tao, 233 democracy wall movement, 110 Ci Xi, Empress, 102 democratic centralism, 196 Clinton, Bill, 15, 148, 149, 191, 213, 214–15, 217–18 direct democracy, 138 Coase, Ronald, 89 economic and cultural, 129, 130, 131, 138 collective leadership, 4, 54 elite democracy, 11, 85 colonialism, 103, 104, 125, 127, 128, 151–2, 226 globalization and, 129 colour revolutions, 260 inner-party democracy, 171, 256, 257, 284 Columbus, Christopher, 135 Jiang and, 201 commercialism, 114–15, 116 liberal democracy, 124, 141 Communist Manifesto, 83 neoauthoritarianism and, 85–7, 97, 98 Communist Youth League, 238, 278 political debate, 185 Confucian capitalism, 121, 149–50 post-Tiananmen expectations, 7 Confucianism, 13, 91, 101, 121, 127, 192, 193, Russia, 114 250 social democracy, 130 consumerism, 114–15, 116 socialist democracy, 256, 271, 283–4 © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-86693-4 - China since Tiananmen: From Deng Xiaoping to Hu Jintao Joseph Fewsmith Index More information Index 327 United States and, 149 documentary politics, 60, 70 Wang Xiaodong, 226 Duan Ruofei, 55 Deng Lin, 254 Deng Liqun Eagleburger, Lawrence, 46 allies, 188 East Asian development model, 87, 95, 96 career, 77 economic reform. See reform foreign investment, 185 Economic Work Conference (1990), 44–5 leftism, 23, 55, 61, 63, 65, 71, 88, 124, 175, 176 education, 237 reform and, 72 elitism, 100, 108, 109 Deng Nan, 49, 142 embassy bombing, 16, 167, 197, 217, 218–21, Deng Xiaoping 224–7, 274 1980s reforms, 103, 171 enclosure movement, 178 allies, 172, 196 Engels, Friedrich, 182 choice of new leadership, 24–5 English Revolution, 92 collective leadership and, 4 Enlightenment critics, 35–6, 109, 154, 156 1980s project, 123 death, 193, 198, 272 challenge, 113–39 devolution of power, 183 Chinese Enlightenment, 8–11 end of career, 63–4 contemporary Chinese liberalism, 131–9 Hu Jintao and, 239, 277, 278 critique of May Fourth project, 124–31 ideology, 111, 175, 177, 186, 193, 267, 283 May Fourth tradition, 8, 11, 121–3, 134 illness, 168, 169 rejection, 88, 107–9 intellectuals and, 7, 114 Western thought, 123, 124 June 4 incident, 205 Enterprise Law, 51 legacy, 200, 267, 272 monetary policies, 114 Fang Jue, 204 neostatism and, 142 Fang Li, 227 new authoritarianism, 71, 85 Fang Lizhi, 35, 47, 214 Party status, 23, 36, 171 Fang Ning, 161, 225, 226 post-Tiananmen period, 23–47 Fang Sheng, 65 power, 165, 203 Fang Weizhong, 77 principles, 28–9 Fay, Michael, 150 regional policy, 147 Feng Baoxing, 193–4 relations with Jiang Zemin, 76, 168, 174–5, Fernandes, George, 249 199–200, 206 feudal lord economy, 92 revival of reform, 48–79, 88, 109, 114, feudalism, 97, 107, 111, 122, 123 172 five-year plans rule of law, 243 seventh, 143, 145 southern tour, 14, 17, 62–3, 65, 71, 72, 74, eighth, 43–5, 53 109, 145, 153, 165, 168, 176, 178, 200, 206, ninth, 183 267 eleventh, 268–9 strategy, 35–7, 45, 165 foreign investment, 179–81 succession, 3, 239, 254, 278, 282 Foucault, Michel, 125 Tiananmen and, 35, 241 four small dragons, 63, 86, 121 Deng Zhifang, 172 France, 96, 143 developing countries, 151 French Revolution, 92 development Friedman, Milton, 95 centrality, 239 Fukuyama, Francis, 148, 149 East Asian model, 87, 95, 96 four small dragons, 63, 86, 121 gambling, 262 social stability and, 237–8 Gan Yang, 107, 222 Ding Guan’gen, 30, 77, 174, 207, 220 Gang of Four, 33, 76 Ding, X. L., 8 Gang Yang, 8 Ding Xueliang, 88 Gao Di, 60, 66, 71, 76, 175 diplomacy, 2, 209–10 Gao Shangquan, 266 © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-86693-4 - China since Tiananmen: From Deng Xiaoping to Hu Jintao Joseph Fewsmith Index More information 328 Index Ge Yang, 26 “people-centred” society, 252, 253, 255, 268, Georgia, 258 270, 283 Germany, 104–5, 154 populism, 276 globalization repression, 258–62, 275 democracy and, 129 SARS, 245–8 effect on China, 124 scientific development, 252, 253, 268, 279, 282, intellectual support, 135–6 283 opposition, 9, 15–16 social justice, 267–9, 271, 275 political globalization, 259 social stability concerns, 238 WTO and, 222–4 socialist democracy, 256, 271, 283–4 Goldman, Merle, 11 state capacity, 6, 255–6 Gong Xiantian, 265–6 succession, 278, 281 Gorbachev, Mikhail, 31, 52, 56, 61, 177, Three Represents, 243, 247, 248–51, 253, 270, 191 277, 283 Great Leap Forward, 78, 122, 154, 155, 159 transfer of power to, 6, 16, 239–45, 277, Greenspan, Alan, 215 278 Gromyko, Andrei, 206 Hu Jiwei, 71, 133, 205 Gu Chujun, 262 Hu Qiaomu, 88, 124, 168, 198 Gu Mu, 157 Hu Qili, 24, 29, 30, 74, 84 Guerra, Alfonso, 35 Hu Shi, 134, 135 Gulf War (1991), 56–7, 161 Hu Weixi, 159 Guo Boxiong, 250–1 Hu Yaobang 1980s reformist, 11, 26 Han Deqiang, 262, 263 Deng succession and, 3, 239 harmonious society, 253, 256, 269–71, 275, 282, downfall, 24, 28, 35, 40, 76, 85, 171, 187 283 Hu Jintao and, 74 harmony, 90 intellectual allies, 192 Hayek, Friedrich von, 110 new authoritarianism and, 84 He Dongchang, 77 spiritual civilization, 189 He Guoqiang, 281 Hua Guofeng, 1, 3, 23, 200, 206, 239 He Jingzhi, 175 Huang Ju, 169–70, 240, 271, 281 He Minxu, 270 Huangfu Ping commentaries, 49, 55, 56, 58, He Qinglian, 178, 182 61 He Xin, 102, 103–6, 108, 113, 140, 152, 166 human rights, 105, 149, 150, 160, 217 health care reform, 273 Human Rights Commission, 160, 225 Holocaust, 127 humanism, 120, 127 Hong Kong,
Recommended publications
  • China Data Supplement

    China Data Supplement

    China Data Supplement October 2008 J People’s Republic of China J Hong Kong SAR J Macau SAR J Taiwan ISSN 0943-7533 China aktuell Data Supplement – PRC, Hong Kong SAR, Macau SAR, Taiwan 1 Contents The Main National Leadership of the PRC ......................................................................... 2 LIU Jen-Kai The Main Provincial Leadership of the PRC ..................................................................... 29 LIU Jen-Kai Data on Changes in PRC Main Leadership ...................................................................... 36 LIU Jen-Kai PRC Agreements with Foreign Countries ......................................................................... 42 LIU Jen-Kai PRC Laws and Regulations .............................................................................................. 45 LIU Jen-Kai Hong Kong SAR................................................................................................................ 54 LIU Jen-Kai Macau SAR....................................................................................................................... 61 LIU Jen-Kai Taiwan .............................................................................................................................. 66 LIU Jen-Kai ISSN 0943-7533 All information given here is derived from generally accessible sources. Publisher/Distributor: GIGA Institute of Asian Studies Rothenbaumchaussee 32 20148 Hamburg Germany Phone: +49 (0 40) 42 88 74-0 Fax: +49 (040) 4107945 2 October 2008 The Main National Leadership of the
  • Journal of Current Chinese Affairs

    Journal of Current Chinese Affairs

    3/2006 Data Supplement PR China Hong Kong SAR Macau SAR Taiwan CHINA aktuell Journal of Current Chinese Affairs Data Supplement People’s Republic of China, Hong Kong SAR, Macau SAR, Taiwan ISSN 0943-7533 All information given here is derived from generally accessible sources. Publisher/Distributor: Institute of Asian Affairs Rothenbaumchaussee 32 20148 Hamburg Germany Phone: (0 40) 42 88 74-0 Fax:(040)4107945 Contributors: Uwe Kotzel Dr. Liu Jen-Kai Christine Reinking Dr. Günter Schucher Dr. Margot Schüller Contents The Main National Leadership of the PRC LIU JEN-KAI 3 The Main Provincial Leadership of the PRC LIU JEN-KAI 22 Data on Changes in PRC Main Leadership LIU JEN-KAI 27 PRC Agreements with Foreign Countries LIU JEN-KAI 30 PRC Laws and Regulations LIU JEN-KAI 34 Hong Kong SAR Political Data LIU JEN-KAI 36 Macau SAR Political Data LIU JEN-KAI 39 Taiwan Political Data LIU JEN-KAI 41 Bibliography of Articles on the PRC, Hong Kong SAR, Macau SAR, and on Taiwan UWE KOTZEL / LIU JEN-KAI / CHRISTINE REINKING / GÜNTER SCHUCHER 43 CHINA aktuell Data Supplement - 3 - 3/2006 Dep.Dir.: CHINESE COMMUNIST Li Jianhua 03/07 PARTY Li Zhiyong 05/07 The Main National Ouyang Song 05/08 Shen Yueyue (f) CCa 03/01 Leadership of the Sun Xiaoqun 00/08 Wang Dongming 02/10 CCP CC General Secretary Zhang Bolin (exec.) 98/03 PRC Hu Jintao 02/11 Zhao Hongzhu (exec.) 00/10 Zhao Zongnai 00/10 Liu Jen-Kai POLITBURO Sec.-Gen.: Li Zhiyong 01/03 Standing Committee Members Propaganda (Publicity) Department Hu Jintao 92/10 Dir.: Liu Yunshan PBm CCSm 02/10 Huang Ju 02/11
  • China, Cambodia, and the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence: Principles and Foreign Policy

    China, Cambodia, and the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence: Principles and Foreign Policy

    China, Cambodia, and the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence: Principles and Foreign Policy Sophie Diamant Richardson Old Chatham, New York Bachelor of Arts, Oberlin College, 1992 Master of Arts, University of Virginia, 2001 A Dissertation presented to the Graduate Faculty of the University of Virginia in Candidacy for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Politics University of Virginia May, 2005 !, 11 !K::;=::: .' P I / j ;/"'" G 2 © Copyright by Sophie Diamant Richardson All Rights Reserved May 2005 3 ABSTRACT Most international relations scholarship concentrates exclusively on cooperation or aggression and dismisses non-conforming behavior as anomalous. Consequently, Chinese foreign policy towards small states is deemed either irrelevant or deviant. Yet an inquiry into the full range of choices available to policymakers shows that a particular set of beliefs – the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence – determined options, thus demonstrating the validity of an alternative rationality that standard approaches cannot apprehend. In theoretical terms, a belief-based explanation suggests that international relations and individual states’ foreign policies are not necessarily determined by a uniformly offensive or defensive posture, and that states can pursue more peaceful security strategies than an “anarchic” system has previously allowed. “Security” is not the one-dimensional, militarized state of being most international relations theory implies. Rather, it is a highly subjective, experience-based construct, such that those with different experiences will pursue different means of trying to create their own security. By examining one detailed longitudinal case, which draws on extensive archival research in China, and three shorter cases, it is shown that Chinese foreign policy makers rarely pursued options outside the Five Principles.
  • Pokojowe Negocjacje Czy Twa

    Pokojowe Negocjacje Czy Twa

    POKOJOWE NEGOCJACJE CZY TWARDA GRA? ROZWÓJ STOSUNKÓW PONAD CIEŚNINĄ TAJWAŃSKĄ seria pod redakcją BOGDANA SZLACHTY 54 ŁUKASZ GACEK EWA TROJNAR POKOJOWE NEGOCJACJE CZY TWARDA GRA? ROZWÓJ STOSUNKÓW PONAD CIEŚNINĄ TAJWAŃSKĄ Kraków 2013 © Copyright by Łukasz Gacek, Ewa Trojnar, Kraków 2012 Recenzent: Prof. dr hab. Adam W. Jelonek Opracowanie redakcyjne: Edyta Wygonik-Barzyk Korekta: Irena Gubernat Projekt okładki: Emilia Dajnowicz Zdjęcie na okładce – figurki (od lewej): Chiang Kai-shek, Sun Yat-sen, Mao Zedong Skład i łamanie: www.anatta.pl Książka dofinansowana przez Wydział Studiów Międzynarodowych i Politycznych Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego ISBN 978-83-7638-277-7 KsięgarNIA AKADEMICKA ul. św. Anny 6, 31-008 Kraków tel./faks 43-127-43, 422-10-33 w. 11-67 [email protected] www.akademicka.pl Słowo WSTęPNE Prowadzenie badań naukowych poświęconych problematyce rozwoju stosunków w Cieśninie Tajwańskiej stanowi nie lada wyzwanie. Ich unikatowość i zarazem złożoność zjednują i dzielą uczonych na całym świecie. Powstawaniu prac nauko- wych o tej tematyce sprzyjają różnorodne podejścia badawcze, prowadzące często do rozbieżnych wyjaśnień i prognoz dotyczących rozwoju wypadków. Wśród nich panuje jednak dość powszechna akceptacja poziomu skomplikowania zagadnienia. Nie zrażając się tym faktem, a wręcz czerpiąc z niego badawczą satysfakcję, autorzy oddają w ręce Czytelników opracowanie poświęcone bieżącym stosunkom pomiędzy Chinami a Tajwanem, uwzględniające wnikliwą analizę zarówno wewnętrznych, jak i zewnętrznych uwarunkowań procesu. Monografia powstała w oparciu o aktualne i dostępne w 2012 r. dane. Jest to praca o charakterze nie tylko podręcznikowym, ale i analitycznym. Wynika to z dwóch powodów. Po pierwsze, podejmując taką decyzję, autorzy kierowali się potrzebami świata akademickiego, gdyż omawiane stosunki są tematem wielu wykła- dów akademickich na kierunkach: nauk politycznych, ekonomicznych, stosunków międzynarodowych, a także na studiach kulturoznawczych i innych.
  • Downloaded and Used in Any Application in That Wikipedia Has Been Blocked Intermittently Ever Since It Was First Language.1 Established in 2001

    Downloaded and Used in Any Application in That Wikipedia Has Been Blocked Intermittently Ever Since It Was First Language.1 Established in 2001

    Censorship of Online Encyclopedias: Implications for NLP Models Eddie Yang∗ Margaret E. Roberts∗ [email protected] [email protected] University of California, San Diego University of California, San Diego La Jolla, California La Jolla, California ABSTRACT use daily. NLP impacts how firms provide products to users, con- While artificial intelligence provides the backbone for many tools tent individuals receive through search and social media, and how people use around the world, recent work has brought to attention individuals interact with news and emails. Despite the growing that the algorithms powering AI are not free of politics, stereotypes, importance of NLP algorithms in shaping our lives, recently schol- and bias. While most work in this area has focused on the ways ars, policymakers, and the business community have raised the in which AI can exacerbate existing inequalities and discrimina- alarm of how gender and racial biases may be baked into these al- tion, very little work has studied how governments actively shape gorithms. Because they are trained on human data, the algorithms training data. We describe how censorship has affected the devel- themselves can replicate implicit and explicit human biases and opment of Wikipedia corpuses, text data which are regularly used aggravate discrimination [6, 8, 39]. Additionally, training data that for pre-trained inputs into NLP algorithms. We show that word em- over-represents a subset of the population may do a worse job beddings trained on Baidu Baike, an online Chinese encyclopedia, at predicting outcomes for other groups in the population [13]. have very different associations between adjectives and a range of When these algorithms are used in real world applications, they concepts about democracy, freedom, collective action, equality, and can perpetuate inequalities and cause real harm.
  • The Nationality Law of the People's Republic of China and the Overseas Chinese in Hong Kong, Macao and Southeast Asia

    The Nationality Law of the People's Republic of China and the Overseas Chinese in Hong Kong, Macao and Southeast Asia

    NYLS Journal of International and Comparative Law Volume 5 Article 6 Number 2 Volume 5, Numbers 2 & 3, 1984 1984 The aN tionality Law of the People's Republic of China and the Overseas Chinese in Hong Kong, Macao and Southeast Asia Tung-Pi Chen Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.nyls.edu/ journal_of_international_and_comparative_law Part of the Law Commons Recommended Citation Chen, Tung-Pi (1984) "The aN tionality Law of the People's Republic of China and the Overseas Chinese in Hong Kong, Macao and Southeast Asia," NYLS Journal of International and Comparative Law: Vol. 5 : No. 2 , Article 6. Available at: https://digitalcommons.nyls.edu/journal_of_international_and_comparative_law/vol5/iss2/6 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@NYLS. It has been accepted for inclusion in NYLS Journal of International and Comparative Law by an authorized editor of DigitalCommons@NYLS. THE NATIONALITY LAW OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA AND THE OVERSEAS CHINESE IN HONG KONG, MACAO AND SOUTHEAST ASIA TUNG-PI CHEN* INTRODUCTION After thirty years of existence, the Government of the People's Re- public of China (PRC) enacted the long-awaited Nationality Law in 1980.1 Based on the PRC Government's enduring principle of racial and sexual equality, the new law is designed to reduce dual nationality and statelessness by combining the principles of jus sanguinis and jus soli to determine nationality at birth. The need for a Chinese national- ity law had long been recognized, but it was not until the adoption of the "open door" policy in 1978 after the downfall of the "Gang of Four," as well as the institution of codification efforts, that the urgency of the task was recognized.
  • Chapter 1 Chapter 2

    Chapter 1 Chapter 2

    Notes Chapter 1 1. Criton M. Zoakos, “In the Grip of China’s Bear Hug: Berlin’s Big Gamble with Germany’s Economic Future.” The International Economy XXIV, no. 4 (Fall 2010): 47. 2. Note that the official quarterly data series starts from the first quarter of 1992. The quarterly estimates cited for earlier years are from Table 4 in: Jia Yueqing, “A New Look at China’s Output Fluctuations: Quarterly GDP Estimation with an Unobserved Components Approach.” George Washington Univer- sity Research Program on Forecasting. Working Paper No. 2011–006, 2011, http://www.gwu.edu/∼ forcpgm/2011-006.pdf 3. Thomas G. Rawski, “Measuring China’s Recent GDP Growth: Where Do We Stand?” August 29, 2002, http://www.pitt.edu/∼tgrawski/papers2002/ measuring.pdf 4. Chen Wei, ‘ “Zhongguo Moshi Lun’ zhi Fansi” [“A Reassessment of the ‘China Model’ ”]. Beijing Spring, January 31, 2011, http://beijingspring.com/bj2/ 2010/280/2011131221531.htm. Chapter 2 1. Genesis 1:28. 2. John Locke, Two Treatises of Government (London: Thomas Tegg, 1823), 118. 3. Locke, 118. 4. Karl A. Wittfogel, Oriental Despotism: A Comparative Study of Total Power (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1957). 5. Mark Elvin, The Retreat of the Elephants: An Environmental History of China (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2004), 128. 6. Elvin, 117. 7. Wittfogel, 27. 8. Elvin, 176. 9. Robert B. Marks, Tigers, Rice, Silk, and Silt: Environment and Economy in Late Imperial South China (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998), 106. 10. Wittfogel, 27. 180 N OTES 11. Marks, 107. 12. X. L. Ding, “The Illicit Asset Stripping of Chinese State Firms.” The China Journal 43 (January 2000): 2.
  • The CCP Central Committee's Leading Small Groups Alice Miller

    The CCP Central Committee's Leading Small Groups Alice Miller

    Miller, China Leadership Monitor, No. 26 The CCP Central Committee’s Leading Small Groups Alice Miller For several decades, the Chinese leadership has used informal bodies called “leading small groups” to advise the Party Politburo on policy and to coordinate implementation of policy decisions made by the Politburo and supervised by the Secretariat. Because these groups deal with sensitive leadership processes, PRC media refer to them very rarely, and almost never publicize lists of their members on a current basis. Even the limited accessible view of these groups and their evolution, however, offers insight into the structure of power and working relationships of the top Party leadership under Hu Jintao. A listing of the Central Committee “leading groups” (lingdao xiaozu 领导小组), or just “small groups” (xiaozu 小组), that are directly subordinate to the Party Secretariat and report to the Politburo and its Standing Committee and their members is appended to this article. First created in 1958, these groups are never incorporated into publicly available charts or explanations of Party institutions on a current basis. PRC media occasionally refer to them in the course of reporting on leadership policy processes, and they sometimes mention a leader’s membership in one of them. The only instance in the entire post-Mao era in which PRC media listed the current members of any of these groups was on 2003, when the PRC-controlled Hong Kong newspaper Wen Wei Po publicized a membership list of the Central Committee Taiwan Work Leading Small Group. (Wen Wei Po, 26 December 2003) This has meant that even basic insight into these groups’ current roles and their membership requires painstaking compilation of the occasional references to them in PRC media.
  • Managing Stability in the Taiwan Strait: Non-Military Policy Towards Taiwan Under Hu Jintao, In: Journal of Current Chinese Affairs, 38, 3, 99-118

    Managing Stability in the Taiwan Strait: Non-Military Policy Towards Taiwan Under Hu Jintao, In: Journal of Current Chinese Affairs, 38, 3, 99-118

    Journal of Current Chinese Affairs China aktuell Chang, Wu-ueh and Chien-min Chao (2009), Managing Stability in the Taiwan Strait: Non-Military Policy towards Taiwan under Hu Jintao, in: Journal of Current Chinese Affairs, 38, 3, 99-118. ISSN: 1868-4874 (online), ISSN: 1868-1026 (print) The online version of this and the other articles can be found at: <www.CurrentChineseAffairs.org> Published by GIGA German Institute of Global and Area Studies, Institute of Asian Studies in cooperation with the National Institute of Chinese Studies, White Rose East Asia Centre at the Universities of Leeds and Sheffield and Hamburg University Press. The Journal of Current Chinese Affairs is an Open Access publication. It may be read, copied and distributed free of charge according to the conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-No Derivative Works 3.0 License. To subscribe to the print edition: <[email protected]> For an e-mail alert please register at: <www.CurrentChineseAffairs.org> The Journal of Current Chinese Affairs is part of the GIGA Journal Family which includes: Africa Spectrum • Journal of Current Chinese Affairs • Journal of Current Southeast Asian Affairs • Journal of Politics in Latin America • <www.giga-journal-family.org> Journal of Current Chinese Affairs 3/2009: 99-118 Managing Stability in the Taiwan Strait: Non-Military Policy towards Taiwan under Hu Jintao Wu-ueh Chang and Chien-min Chao Abstract: China’s Taiwan policy has been one of coupling intimidation (the “stick” approach) with coercion (the “carrot” approach), a policy mix which, in the near term, is not likely to change, as is evidenced by the passage of the “Anti-Secession Law” in March, 2005.
  • Societal Stability and Political Reform : Chinese Politics in the 1990S

    Societal Stability and Political Reform : Chinese Politics in the 1990S

    Lingnan University Digital Commons @ Lingnan University Centre for Asian Pacific Studies 亞洲太平洋研究 CAPS Working Paper Series 中心 11-2003 Societal stability and political reform : Chinese politics in the 1990s Yiu Chung WONG Lingnan University, Hong Kong, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://commons.ln.edu.hk/capswp Part of the Political Science Commons, and the Public Affairs, Public Policy and Public Administration Commons Recommended Citation Wong, Y.-c. (2003). Societal stability and political reform: Chinese politics in the 1990s (CAPS Working Paper Series No.142). Retrieved from Lingnan University website: http://commons.ln.edu.hk/capswp/16 This Paper Series is brought to you for free and open access by the Centre for Asian Pacific Studies 亞洲太平洋研 究中心 at Digital Commons @ Lingnan University. It has been accepted for inclusion in CAPS Working Paper Series by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ Lingnan University. 42注 \.i.7 Working Paper Series Cen佐εfor Asian Pacific Studies Institutεof Humanities and Social Sciences No. 142 (9/03) CAPS Societal Stability and Political Reform: Chinese Politics in the 1990s WongY凹 -chung 、‘、 Lingnan UnivεrSlty Hong IZong 4 Societal Stability and Political Reform: Chinese Politics in the 1990s Wong Yiu-chung November 2003 。 Wong Yiu-chung Dr. Wong Yiu-chung is Associate Professor in Department of Po1itics and Sociology, Lingnan University, Hong Kong Centre for Asian Pacific Studies Lingnan University TuenMun Hong Kong Tel: (852) 2616 7427 Fax: (852) 2465 5786 Email: [email protected] http://www.LN.edu.hk/caps/ CAPS and CPPS Working Papers are circulated to invite discussion and critical comment.
  • The Making of China's Peace with Japan

    The Making of China's Peace with Japan

    SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY SOURCES IN CHINESE Books Jin, Chongji. ed. (principal editor). Zhou Enlai zhuan 1898–1949 (Biography of Zhou Enlai 1898–1949). Edited by Zhonggong-zhongyang wenxian-yanjiushi. Beijing: Renmin-chubanshe and Zhongyang wenxian-chubanshe, 1989. Jin, Chongji. ed. (principal editor). Zhou Enlai zhuan (Biography of Zhou Enlai). 2 vols. Edited by Zhonggong-zhongyang wenxian-yanjiushi. Beijing: Zhongyang wenxian-chubanshe, 1998. Jinian Zhou Enlai chuban-faxing weiyuanhui. ed. Ribenren xinmuzhong de Zhou Enlai (Zhou Enlai in the Hearts of the Japanese). Trans by Liu Shouxu. Beijing: Zhonggong-zhongyang dangxiao-chubanshe, 1991. Li, Enmin. Zhongri minjian jingji waijiao (Sino-Japanese Private Economic Diplomacy). Beijing: Renmin-chubanshe, 1997. Li, Rongde. Liao Chengzhi. Singapore: Yongsheng-shuju, 1992. Liao Chengzhi ziliaoji (Documents on Liao Chengzhi). Hong Kong: Taozhai- shuwu, 1973. Liu, Wusheng. Zhou Enlai de wannian suiyue (Late Years of Zhou Enlai). Hong Kong: Sanlian-shudian, 2006. Sun, Pinghua. Wode lulishu (My Autobiography). Beijing: Shijie-zhishi chu- banshe, 1998. Wang, Junyan. Da-waijiaojia Zhou Enlai (Zhou Enlai: A Great Diplomat). Beijing: Jingji-ribao chubanshe, 1998. Wang, Xuanren. Nibuzhidao de Zhou Enlai (Zhou Enlai That You Do Not Know). Taipei: Wanyuan-tushu, 2005. © The Author(s) 2017 271 M. Itoh, The Making of China’s Peace with Japan, DOI 10.1007/978-981-10-4008-5 272 SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY Wang, Yongxiang and Takahashi, Tsuyoshi. eds. Riben liuxue-shiqi de Zhou Enlai (Zhou Enlai During his Study Period in Japan). Beijing: Zhongyang wenxian- chubanshe, 2001. Wu, Xuewen. Fengyu yinqing: Wosuo jingli de Zhongri guanxi (Wind, Rain, Cloud, Sun: My Autobiography and Sino-Japanese Relations). Beijing: Shijie-zhishi chubanshe, 2002.
  • The Evolving Israel-China Relationship

    The Evolving Israel-China Relationship

    The Evolving Israel- China Relationship Shira Efron, Howard J. Shatz, Arthur Chan, Emily Haskel, Lyle J. Morris, Andrew Scobell C O R P O R A T I O N For more information on this publication, visit www.rand.org/t/RR2641 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available for this publication. ISBN: 978-1-9774-0233-2 Published by the RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, Calif. © Copyright 2019 RAND Corporation R® is a registered trademark. Cover: Photo by esfera via Shutterstock. Limited Print and Electronic Distribution Rights This document and trademark(s) contained herein are protected by law. This representation of RAND intellectual property is provided for noncommercial use only. Unauthorized posting of this publication online is prohibited. Permission is given to duplicate this document for personal use only, as long as it is unaltered and complete. Permission is required from RAND to reproduce, or reuse in another form, any of its research documents for commercial use. For information on reprint and linking permissions, please visit www.rand.org/pubs/permissions. The RAND Corporation is a research organization that develops solutions to public policy challenges to help make communities throughout the world safer and more secure, healthier and more prosperous. RAND is nonprofit, nonpartisan, and committed to the public interest. RAND’s publications do not necessarily reflect the opinions of its research clients and sponsors. Support RAND Make a tax-deductible charitable contribution at www.rand.org/giving/contribute www.rand.org Preface Since the early 2000s, relations between China and Israel have expanded rapidly in numerous areas, including diplomacy, trade, investment, construction, educational partnerships, scientific coopera- tion, and tourism.