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Ecosystem Management Research in the Ouachita Mountains: Pretreatment Conditions and Preliminary Findings

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Ecosystem Management Research in the Ouachita Mountains: Pretreatment Conditions and Preliminary Findings United States Proceedings of the Symposium on Department of Agriculture Forest Service Ecosystem Management Research Southern Forest Experiment Station in the Ouachita Mountains: New Orleans, Pretreatment Conditions and Louisiana Preliminary Findings General Technical Report SO-I 12 ’ August 1994 Proceedings of the Symposium on ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT RESEARCH IN THE OUACHITA MOUNTAINS: PRETREATMENT CONDITIONS AND PRELIMINARY FINDINGS Hot Springs, Arkansas October 26-27, 1993 Compiled by James B. Baker Published by U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service Southern Forest Experiment Station New Orleans, Louisiana 1994 PREFACE In August 1990, USDA Forest Service researchers from the Southern Forest Experiment Station and resource managers from the Ouachita and Ozark National Forests embarked on a major ecosystem management (then called New Perspectives) research program aimed at formulating, implementing, and evaluating partial cutting methods in shortleaf pine-hardwood stands as alternatives to clearcutting and planting. The program consisted of three phases: Phase I-an umeplicated stand-level demonstration project; Phase II-a scientifically based, replicated stand-level study; and Phase III-a large-scale watershed or landscape study. Harvesting treatments for the stand-level (Phase II) study were implemented during the summer of 1993. However, soon after the test stands were selected in 1990, pretreatment monitoring of various parameters was begun by a research team comprised of more than 50 scientists and resource managers from several Federal and State agencies and universities (a list of the research team follows). The pretreatment monitoring continued through the summer of 1993. A symposium, cosponsored by the USDA Forest Service Southern Forest Experiment Station and Ouachita and Ozark National Forests, the University of Arkansas at Monticello School of Forest Resources, the Arkansas Cooperative Extension Service, and the Ouachita Society of American Foresters, was held in Hot Springs, AR, on October 26-27, 1993,%to present these pretreatment conditions and preliminary findings. This Proceedings includes those presentations. I would like to express my gratitude to all of the participants in this symposium, and especially to the authors who have contributed to this effort. Also, there are a number of individuals whose contributions made the meeting a success, and they deserve a special note of thanks. They include: Dr. Larry Willett, Arkansas Cooperative Extension Service, Monticello, AR. Larry handled the symposium announcements and registration and many other logistical chores that helped the symposium to run smoothly. Dave Hammond, O.D. Smith, Larry Hedrick, Bill Walker, Dan Nolan, Frank Yerby, and Frank Lewis USDA Forest Service, Ouachita and Ozark National Forest staff officers and rangers who served as moderators for the various sessions of the symposium and kept us on schedule. The sponsors, without whose support the symposium could not have been held. James B. Baker, Team Leader USDA Forest Service Southern Forest Experiment Station Monticello, Arkansas PHASE II RESEARCH TEAM USDA Forest Service Southern Forest Experiment Station Dr. James Baker, Team Leader Mr. Charles McMahon, Research Chemist Monticello, AR Auburn, AL Dr. James Bamett, Research Ecophysiologist Dr. Jerry Michael, Research Ecologist Pineville, LA Auburn, AL Dr. Rod Busby, Research Economist Dr. Jim Miller, Research Forester New Orleans, LA Auburn, AL Dr. Margaret Devall, Research Ecologist Dr. Bernie Parreeol, Research Biometrician New Orleans, LA New Orleans, LA Dr. Pat Fowler, Research Hydrologist Mr. Roger Perry, Wildlife Biologist Hot SpriIlgS, AR Hot SplilIgS, AR Dr. Jim Guldin, Research Ecologist Mr. Vie Rudis, Recreation/Landscape Ecologist Hot Springs, AR Starkville, MS Dr. Howard Halverson, Research Hydrologist Dr. Mike Shelton, Research Silviculturist Oxford, MS Monticello, AR Dr. Jane Hayes, Research Forest Entomologist Dr. Bryce Stokes, Research Forest Engineer Pineville, LA Auburn, AL Dr. Pete Lorio, Soil Scientist Dr. Ron ThiU, Research Wildlife Biologist Piieville, LA Nacogdoches, TX Dr. Ted Leininger, Research Forest Pathologist Dr. Allen Tiarks, Soil Scientist Stoneville, MS Pineville, LA USDA Forest Service Southeastern Forest Experiment Stntiun Dr. Ken Cordell, Research Recreation Specialist Dr. Jim Hanula, Research Entomologist Athens, GA Athens, GA Dr. Don English, Social Scientist Ms. Christine Overdeveat, Sociologist Athens, GA Athens, GA USDA Forest Service Ouachita National Forest, Hot Springs, AR Mr. Roger Coleman, Archeologist Mr. Tim Mersmann, Forester Mr. Mike Curran, Forest Supervisor Mr. Dan Nolan, Planning/Recreation Staff Officer Mr. Alan Clingenpeel, Hydrologist Mr. Bill Pe& Ecosystem Management Coordinator Mr. Larry Hedrick, Wildlife Staff Officer Mr. Bill Walker, Timber/Water Staff Officer USDA Forest Service USDA Forest Servii, Southern Region Ozark National Forest, Russellville, AR Forest Health, Pinedie, LA Mr. Gary Hartman. Wildlife Staff Officer Dr. Alex Mangini, Forest Entomologist Mr. Lynn Neff, Forest Supervisor Mr. Dale Starkey, Forest Pathologist Mr. 0. D. Smith, Timber Staff Officer . 111 USDI Fiih and Wildlife Service Arkansas Natural Heritage Inventory Lii Ruck, AR Dr. Tom Martin, Wildlife Biologist Montana Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit Mr. Tom Foti, Ecologist Missoula, MT Arkansas Nature Conservancy Smithsonian Environmental Research Center Little Rock, AR Edgewrrter, MD Mr. Lance Peacock, Ecologist Dr. Dan Petit, Wildlife Biologist Arkansas State University Arkansas Tech University State University, AR Russellville, AR Dr. Julia Bollinger, Entomologist Dr. Therwa Herrick, Recreation Specialist Mississippi State University Oklahoma State University Starkville, MS !3tilhvater, OK Dr. Dennis Cengel, Nonmarket Valuation Specialist Dr. Larry Gering, Biometrician Mr. Jim Clark, Landscape Architect Dr. Chuck Tauer, Forest Geneticist Ms. Rebecca Ray, Graduate Assistant Dr. Don Turton, Hydrologist Dr. Bob Wittwer, Silviculturist Texas A&M University, College Station University of Arkansas, Fayetteville Dr. Jim Gramann, Recreation Specialist Dr. Chris Carlton, Entomologist Mr. Jim Taulman, Wildlife Biologist University of Arkansas, Monticello NCASI, Clemson University Dr. Dick Kluender, Forest Economist Dr. Bently Wigley, Wildlife Biologist Dr. Ed Lawson, Hydrologist Dr. Phiip Tappe, Wildlife Biologist iV CONTENTS Background and Overview Evolution of Ecosystem Management and Research on the Ouachita and Ozark-St.Francis National Forests M:lkeCurran.................................................................................. 1 Roles of Science and Research in Implementing Ecosystem Management on the Ouachita National Forest William F.Pell . 5 Implementing Ecosystem Management Research: Bringing Researchers, Managers, and Citizens Together Timothy J. Mersmann, James B. Baker, James M. Guldin, and William F. Pell . 10 An Overview of Stand-Level Ecosystem Management Research in the OuachitalOzark National Forests JamesB.Baker............................................................................... 18 Pretreatment Conditions and Preliminary Findings in Mature Pine-Hardwood Stands on South-Facing Slopes of the Ouachita/Ozark National Forests Plant Communities Midstory and Overstory Plants in Mature Pine-Hardwood Stands on South-Facing Slopes of the OuachitalOzark National Forests James M. Guldin, James B. Baker, and Michael G. Shelton . 29 Herbaceous Plant Diversity of Stands in the Ouachita and Ozark National Forests Thomas L. Foti and Margaret S. Devall . 50 Multivariate Analysis of the Ground Cover Layer, Shrub Layer, Midstory, and Overstory of the OuachitalOzark National Forests Thomas L. Foti and James M. Guldin . 61 Wildlife Communities Small Mammal Communities of Mature Pine-Hardwood Stands in the Ouachita Mountains Phillip A. Tappe, Ronald E. Thill, Joseph J. Krystofik, and Gary A. Heidt . , . , . 74 Southern Flying Squirrels in Mature Pine-Hardwood Stands in the Ouachita and Ozark National Forests of Arkansas James F. Taulman and Ronald E. Thill . 82 Breeding Birds of Late-Rotation Pine-Hardwood Stands: Community Characteristics and Similarity to Other Regional Pine Forests, Daniel R. Petit, Lisa J. Petit, Thomas E. Martin, Ronald E. Thill, and James F. Tauiman . _ . 103 Predicting the Effects of Ecosystem Management Harvesting Treatments on Breeding Birds in Pine-Hardwood Forests Lisa J. Petit, Daniel R. Petit, Thomas E. Martin, Ronald E. Thill, and James F. Taulman . 117 Wildlife Habitat Conditions in Mature Pine-Hardwood Stands in the Ouachita/Ozark National Forests Ronald E. Thill, Phillip A. Tappe, and Nancy E. Koerth . 126 V Arthropod and Microbial Communities Arthropod BiodiversitySampiing Protocol Development C. E. Carlton, J. Bollinger, and L. C. Thompson . Seed, Cone, Regeneration, and Defoliating Insects in Forest Ecosystem Management Alex Mangini. Chris Carlton, Roger W. Perry, and James Hanula . 154 Southern Pine Beetle Risk Ratings Pete.rL.Lotio,Jr. ..I.................................... 162 Crown Health of Overstory Hardwoods DaleA:Starkey . 172 Water, Soils, and Cultural Resources Woody Debris Dynamics in Zero Order Streams of the Ouachita National Forest: Preliminary Findings Wm.Patrick Fowler . 182 Water Chemistry of Ephemeral Streams J. L. Michael, W. P. Fowler, H. L. Gibbs, and J. B. Fischer . 186 Forest Floor Characteristics in Mature Pine-Hardwood Stands in the Ouachita Mountains Michael G. Shelton and Edwin R. Lawson . 191 New Perspectives in Heritage Resource
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