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Annotated Checklist of the Weevils (Curculionidae Sensu Lato ) of North America, Central America, and the West Indies (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea)

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Annotated Checklist of the Weevils (Curculionidae Sensu Lato ) of North America, Central America, and the West Indies (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea) Annotated checklist of the weevils (Curculionidae sensu lato ) of North America, Central America, and the West Indies (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea) Charles W. O'Brien and Guillermo J. Wibmer INTRODUCTION This checklist treats the names of the 843 genera and 7,068 species (as well as their synonyms) currently recognized as valid that are found in the New World north of South America (except for those from Trinidad and Tobago which will be considered in a subsequent publication on South American Curculionidae sensu lato). The idea for a weevil checklist originated with Ross Arnett, Jr. as part of the North American Beetle Fauna Project. When this project was terminated in 1980, we decided to expand the scope of the checklist and publish it in an annotated form. While it owes its origin to the NABFP it is published independently of that organization. The checklists of the weevils of North America (Leng 1920, Leng and Mutchler 1927 and 1933, Blackwelder 1939, and Blackwelder and Blackwelder 1948), and of Mexico, Central America, the West Indies and South America (Blackwelder 1947) have become increasingly outdated because of numerous revisions and descriptions of new taxa. In this list we have added many new distribution records as well. We have attempted to follow the current classifications of most specialists, as published. For this reason the classification used here is not identical with that of the Coleopterorum Catalogus, the two checklists mentioned above, nor that used by Kissinger (1964). We have tried to verify all citations by checking original references and those "Not seen" are so marked in the bibliography. In the process of checking previous catalogs, checklists, and other early references, we have located many homonymies and incorrect synonymies that require name changes if we are to remain in accord with the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. It is unfortunate that this will require changing the names of many well known genera, some that include important economic species, but we feel that in these cases the use of strict priority must be followed to avoid potential chaos in nomenclature. Most of these synonymies have been known by specialists for years, some for more than 150 years, and they have been repeated incorrectly in catalogs, checklists, and even monographs. It is clear that many workers have not considered as available any name from the lists of Germar (1817) or Dejean (1821, 1833--1837, and 1837), but all genus-group names in these publications must be carefully checked to determine which are available. Those genus-group names that include any available species-group names must be treated as available, in spite of the lack of descriptions. Schoenherr himself did not consider his generic names listed in 1823 and 1825 as available from those dates, but many of these are. Because many of the name changes caused by the strict application of the Law of Priority will upset long established names, we suggest any specialist who wishes to do so may apply to the International Commission for conservation of the more recent names and rejection of the older names. We checked all volumes of Neave (1939-1940, 1950), Edwards and Hopwood (1966), and Edwards and Vevers (1975) for homonymies, and discovered a number that have been overlooked by taxonomists. Below is a list of homonymies (with new names), as well as other lists which we believe will benefit indexers and weevil taxonomists. 2Mem. Amer. Ent. Inst., no. 34, 1982 The bibliography lists all references cited in addition to many other selected references. We have included a list of abbreviations, with complete citations of abbreviated periodicals. With a very few exceptions we follow the "NCPTWA (National Clearinghouse for Periodical Title Word Abbreviations) Word-Abbreviation List", 1971 edition. The keys and revisions cited in the checklist have been selected from those known to us. We have not included all keys, but only those that we considered significant. When there is a key or revision to a group that has been split, the key or revision is cited under each name. We did not cite the keys in LeConte and Horn (1876), Blatchley and Leng (1916), Kissinger (1964), nor Hutch (1971), and these publications should be checked for keys, especially if other keys are not cited. The keys in LeConte and Horn (1876) tend to be incomplete because of the many additions to the known fauna since that time. Blatchley and Leng (1916), and Hutch (1971) key subfamilies, genera and species on a regional basis, the eastern United States and eastern Canada in the former, and the Pacific Northwest in the latter. Kissinger (1964) has keys to most North American subfamilies and most genera. O'Brien and Wibmer (1981) provide an annotated bibliography of keys to Latin American weevils. We have included all spelling errors known to us of all genus-group names. We list the first such error that we know. We have not included all spelling errors of species -group names, but have treated these selectively, primarily including those that we believe might cause confusion. We have attempted to correct the endings of species -group names to conform with the gender of their current genus. However, synonyms are listed with their original spelling. Synonyms of introduced species are listed only when they have been used in New World literature. We have included a few synonyms based on Old World genera or species which have been reported since the last catalogs on the weevils (e.g., Coleopterorum Catalogus (1934, 1936, 1937), Leng Catalog Supplement 5 (Blackwelder and Blackwelder 1948), and the Blackwelder checklist, part 5 (1947)). Even though varieties and forms have no status in Zoological Nomenclature, we are including them as such, unless they have been synonymized, or their status changed. We prefer not to lose the information on the distribution associated with these names. It is possible that some of them may be treated in the future as valid subspecies or species. Nomina nuda are cited for names included in previous lists or synonymies to make it clear why such names are not available. The page of publication (following the year of publication) is the page on which the species description begins, not the page of use in a key, unless the name occurs only in the key, for which we then say "[in key]". If the name was published at an earlier date in a key and the description published later, the page for the description is cited also, in brackets. An * is used to indicate that a genus and/or species has been introduced into the region covered by the checklist. We have included in the checklist a few recently described fossil weevils, but have not included the genera nor species from Scudder (1893) and Wickham (1912), as well as from many small papers. See Wickham (1920) for a complete list of fossil Coleoptera including weevils described to that date. We have used the 5 regions for North America outlined by Blackwelder et al. (1977), and we have added 2 regions. Region (1) Northeastern United States and adjacent Canada: CT - Connecticut; DC - District of Columbia; DE - Delaware; GR - Greenland; Hud. Bay T. - Hudson Bay Introduction3 Territory; IL - Illinois; IN - Indiana; LB - Labrador; MA - Massachusetts; MD - Maryland; ME - Maine; MI - Michigan; NB - New Brunswick; NE - Newfoundland; NH - New Hampshire; NJ - New Jersey; NS - Nova Scotia; NY - New York; OH - Ohio; ON - Ontario; PA - Pennsylvania; PE - Prince Edward Island; PQ - Quebec; RI - Rhode Island; SP - Saint Pierre & Miquelon; VT - Vermont; WI - Wisconsin; L. Sup. - Lake Superior Region; N. Eng. - New England. Region (2) Southeastern United States: AL - Alabama; AR- Arkansas; FL - Florida; GA - Georgia; KY - Kentucky; LA - Louisiana; MS- Mississippi; NC - North Carolina; SC - South Carolina; TN - Tennessee; VA - Virginia; WV - West Virginia. Region (3) Southwestern United States, and Baja California, Mexico: AZ- Arizona; BJ - Baja California; CA - California; NM - New Mexico; OK - Oklahoma; TX - Texas. Region (4) Northwestern United States and adjacent Canada, including Alaska and the Aleutian Islands: AK - Alaska; BC - British Columbia; ID - Idaho; NV - Nevada; OR - Oregon; UT- Utah; WA - Washington. Region (5) North Central United States and adjacent Canada: AB - Alberta; CO - Colorado; IA - Iowa; KE - Keewatin; KS - Kansas; MB - Manitoba; MC - Mackenzie; MN- - Minnesota; MO - Missouri; MT - Montana; ND - North Dakota; NE- Nebraska; NT - - Northwest Territories; SA - Saskatchewan; SD - South Dakota; WY - Wyoming; YU - Yukon Territory. Region (6) Mexico (excluding Baja California), and Central American countries: Belize - (=British Honduras); C. Rica - Costa Rica; Cocos Is. - Cocos Island (Costa Rica); El Salv. - El Salvador; Guat. - Guatemala; Hond. - Honduras; Mex. - Mexico; Nic. - -Nicaragua; Pan. - Panama; C. Am. - Central America. Region (7) West Indies (excluding Trinidad and Tobago): Dom. Rep. - Dominican Republic; I. Pinos - Isla de Pinos (Cuba); Jam. - Jamaica; P. Rico - Puerto Rico; W. Indies - West Indies; [other West Indian localities not abbreviated]. Miscellaneous Abbreviations: N. Am. - North America; S. Am. - South America; U.S.A. - United States of America. The distributions cited are based on previously published records (not including those found only in checklists) and on specimens in the senior author's collection. Doubtful records from early literature (presumably based on misidentifications) are not included. Various specialists have added and deleted some localities also. New Names Acalles hustachei O'Brien & Wibmer [=A. squamosus Hustache 1930 (not Solari & Solari 1907, Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Genova, ser. 3, 3:535)] Acalles neoclathratus O'Brien & Wibmer [=A. clathratus Fiedler 1942 (S. Am.) (not LeConte 1876, Proc. Am. Philos. Soc. 15(96:242)] Anthonomus neosolani O'Brien & Wibmer [=A. solani Ferragu 1963 (not Fall 1913, Trans. Am. Entomol. Soc. 39:49)] Arthleptrus Burke (subgenus of Anthonomus) [=Leptarthrus Dietz 1891, type-species Anthonomus julichi Dietz 1891, by present designation, H.
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