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The Population Dinamic Family Curculionidae( Insecta Guşă & Blaga: The population dynamic of the family Curculionidae (Insecta – Coleoptera) in the Piatra Craiului National Park - Romania THE POPULATION DYNAMIC OF THE FAMILY CURCULIONIDAE (INSECTA - COLEOPTERA) IN THE PIATRA CRAIULUI NATIONAL PARK - ROMANIA Delia Nicoleta Guşă1, Tatiana Blaga2 1 “Ion Borcea” Natural Sciences Museum, Bacău, Romania [email protected] 2 Forest Research and Management Institute – Forest Station, Bacău, Romania [email protected] Abstract The biological material (entomofauna) was collected from 16 stationeries, from June to August in the period 2000 - 2006, along the main ridge of Piatra Craiului Massif. There were collected 1521 adults specimens of snout beetles belonging to 42 genera; 30 triburi and 8 subfamily - Entiminae, Curculioninae, Ceutorhynchinae, Cossoninae, Lixinae, Hyperinae, Mesoptiliinae, Molytinae. Keywords: Curculionidae, biodiversity, National Park Piatra Craiului. 1. Introduction Piatra Craiului Massif is a remarkable individualized mountain of Romanian Carpathians. The relationships established among different factors - geological factors, landscape, climate, hydrographical, vegetation and so on, offers to this area a unique character regarding insect fauna. Until the establishment of the park administration, the insect fauna from this region was very poorly known. Piatra Craiului Massif has a length of 25 km from the confluence of the river Dâmbovicioara with Dâmboviţa, near to the village Podul Dâmboviţei, at South to Zărneşti (Barşov County) at North. It is limited by river Dâmboviţa at south and by Rucăr - Bran Pass in South – East. In the North part is bounded by the depression Ţara Bârsei out of which this mountain suddenly rise at a maximum altitude of 2235 m. There are recorded differences regarding the vegetation on those tow main sides, the northwest part, from Bârsa Valley and Dâmboviţei Valley, and the Eastern and southeaster part from the Bran Pass. These differences are reflected in the spreading of the snout beetles species collected from 16 points. The whole massif is characterized by very abundant local precipitation on both parts which are exposed to wet air currents with relatively low temperatures along the winter. Zone description The massif Piatra Craiului has a length of 25 km from the confluence of the river Dâmbovicioara with Dâmboviţa, near to the village Podul Dâmboviciarei at South, to Zărneşti (Barşov County) at North. It is limited by river Dâmboviţa at south and by Rucăr - Bran Pass in South – East. The North part is bounded by the depression Ţara Bârsei out of which this mountain suddenly rise at a maximum altitude of 2235 m. There are recorded differences regarding the vegetation on those two main sides, the northwest part, from Bârsa Valley and Dâmboviţei Valley, and the Eastern and southeaster IUFRO Working Party 7.03.10 Proceedings of the Workshop 2006, Gmunden/Austria 292 Guşă & Blaga: The population dynamic of the family Curculionidae (Insecta – Coleoptera) in the Piatra Craiului National Park - Romania part from the Bran Pass. These differences are reflected in the spreading of the snout beetles (weevil) species collected from 16 points (see map). Fig.1. Map of the National Park Piatra Craiului. The whole massif is characterized by very abundant local precipitation on both parts which are exposed to wet air currents with relatively low temperatures along the winter. The biological material was collected at different altitudes including mountain vegetation situated above the superior limit of beech with some meadows followed upward by mixed stand of fir or spruce with beech. The alpine vegetation made of spruce stands which also include some meadow and scree vegetal associations and alpine vegetation characterized by the presence of junipers, Rhododendron lawns and other association among which Sesleritumurile and saxicoulous guild prevail. IUFRO Working Party 7.03.10 Proceedings of the Workshop 2006, Gmunden/Austria 293 Guşă & Blaga: The population dynamic of the family Curculionidae (Insecta – Coleoptera) in the Piatra Craiului National Park - Romania 2. Material and methods The biological material was collected at different altitudes including mountain vegetation situated above the upper limit of beech with some meadows followed upward by mixed stand of fir or spruce with beech. The alpine vegetation made of spruce stands which, also, include some meadow and scree vegetal associations and alpine vegetation characterized by the presence of junipers, Rhododendron lawns and other vegetal associations. This paperwork concerns the species from order Coleoptera, family Curculionidae, collected in the period June – August of the years 2000-2003. The following methods were used: vegetation sweeping with entomological net, shaking down the trees and bushes, and barber traps with 4 % formaldehyde. The insects were identified in the laboratories of the Natural Science Museum “Ion Borcea” from Bacău, using the stereomicroscope and the identification keys for this group (see references), and for classification „A world catalogue of families and genera of Curculionoidea (Insecta: Coleoptera) (Excepting Scolytidae and Platypodidae).- Alonso- Zarazaga M.A., Lyal Ch.H.C. 1999. Entomopraxis. Barcelona” was used. The results were statistically analyzed using the diversity and ecological similarity indices for the snout beetles populations from those 16 points from Piatra Craiului National Park. 3. Results and discussion Studying the biodiversity of the family Curculionidae from National Park Piatra Craiului which took place during May-August, 2001-2006, is the subject of a bigger research which belongs of this group. During the period of those six years of studying altogether a number of 1521 exemplars, which belong to the family Curculionidae, classified in eight subfamilies (Entiminae , Curculioninae, Ceutorhynchinae, Cossoninae, Lixinae, Hyperinae, Mesoptiliinae, Molytinae), 30 tribes, 42 genera and 93 species (see table 1), were collected. From these 1521 exemplars of Curculionidae, 1219 exemplars belong to the subfamily Entiminae, and from these 578 exemplars belong to the genus Otiorhynchus Germar 1822, approximately 38% from the whole exemplars collected from this area. Also, we notice that an important proportion represents species of the genus Orchestes Illiger 1798, 53 exemplars, approximately 3.8%, collected from one single area from National Park Piatra Craiului where a large area of the Fagus sylvatica defoliation was noticed. Subfamily Molytinae is present in a ratio of 6.31% in this area, a fact which is very important for the impact to the forest conifers from this area, being xylophages species. Otiorhynchus (Nihus) scaber (Linnaeus 1758) is present in our collections in a number of 212, these being captured in Barber traps at more than 1500 meters altitude, in mountains area and even at Junniperus communis area. We noticed the present of a big number of 231 exemplars Barypeithes (Exomias) araneiformis (Schrank 1781), a species which is noticed for the first time in our country at an altitude of 1300 m in National Park Piatra Craiului. In our research, we proved the existence of some species, which are confirmed for the first time in this area. Most of these species belong to the genus Otiorhynchus, eight species are rare: Cirrorhynchus argenteus (Stierlin 1861), Otiorhynchus (Prilisvanus) fussi weberi Merkl 1897, Otiorhynchus (Metopiorrhynchus) varius Boheman 1843, Otiorhynchus (Phalantorrhynchus) morio navaricus Gyllenhal 1834, Otiorhynchus (Urorrhynchus) sensitivus (Scopoli 1763), Otiorhynchus (Prilisvanus) opulentus Germar 1834, Otiorhynchus (Magnanotius) kollari Gyllenhal 1834, Otiorhynchus (Metopiorrhynchus) singularis (Linnaeus 1767), Otiorhynchus (Podoropelmus) fullo (Schrank 1781), Trachodes (Trachodes) IUFRO Working Party 7.03.10 Proceedings of the Workshop 2006, Gmunden/Austria 294 Guşă & Blaga: The population dynamic of the family Curculionidae (Insecta – Coleoptera) in the Piatra Craiului National Park - Romania hispidus (Linnaeus 1758), Gymnetron villosulum Gyllenhal 1838, Brachyderes (Brachyderes) incanus (Linnaeus 1758), Dorytomus (Dorytomus) tortrix (Linnaeus 1761), Plinthus (Plinthus) findelii Boheman 1842, Minyops carinatus (Linnaeus 1767), Sciaphobus (Sciaphobus) scitulus (Germar 1824), Larinus (Phyllonomeus) beckeri Petri 1907. Species, considered to be endemic for Carpathians, are present in this area too: Otiorhynchus (Prilisvanus) obsidianus Boheman 1843, Otiorhynchus (Prilisvanus) gemmatus (Scopoli 1763), Otiorhynchus (Majetnecus) squamosus Miller 1859, Otiorhynchus (Magnanotius) kollari Gyllenhal 1834. We also noticed the presence of four species endemic for the fauna of Rumanian Carpathians: Cirrorhynchus argenteus (Stierlin 1861) - synonym Otiorhynchus valachiae - , Otiorhynchus (Prilisvanus) fussi weberi Merkl 1897, Otiorhynchus (Prilisvanus) opulentus Germar 1834, Otiorhynchus (Magnanotius) kollari Gyllenhal 1834. After the application of the ecological diversity Shannon – Wiever indices we established: H(S) = K/N * (Nlog10N - ∑ Nr log10Nr) H(S) = 3.321928/1521*(1521*3.1821– 2.704.632) = 3.321928/1521*2135.3421 Real diversity = H(S) = 4,663 Hypothetical diversity = H(S) max = Klog10S = 3.321928*1,968 = 6.537 Relative diversity (equitability) Hr = 4.663/6.537= 0.71 For 93 species the theoretical diversity is 5.94. This way, to show the equitability through the ratio from the real diversity and the hypothetical diversity, could never be achieved in the nature; the species can not reach equal abundances.
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