100 Treasures of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania
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At the Confluence of Art Nouveau and Ecclectic Early Modernism in Riga's
ZDZISŁAWA TOŁŁOCZKO* AT THE CONFLUENCE OF ART NOUVEAU AND ECCLECTIC EARLY MODERNISM IN RIGA’S METROPOLITAN ARCHITECTURE U ZBIEGU ART NOUVEAU I EKLEKTYCZNEGO WCZESNEGO MODERNIZMU W ARCHITEKTURZE METROPOLITALNEJ RYGI Abstract The aim of this paper was to draw attention to the coincidence of streets intersections ending, in general, in corner buildings making up typical and picturesque parts of the townscape of the 19th c. European cities, including the central quarter of Riga. This type of town-planning establishments perfectly compose with the art and aesthetics of Art Nouveau in Riga. An additional and very important component of the town- planning-architectonic solutions is the decorative finial of the corner houses (not only inJugendstil , but also the Latvian national romanticism) creating a harmonious composition in respect of art and town-planning, ideally completing the townscape of this Baltic metropolis. Keywords: Latvia, Riga, Cracow, New York, London, Berlin, history of architecture and city-planning, Art Nouveau, Modern Art, Jugendstil, National Romanticism Streszczenie Celem prezentowanego artykułu jest zwrócenie uwagi na koincydencję zbiegów ulic zakończonych na ogół wyraźnymi narożami, tworzącymi typowe, a jednocześnie malownicze, fragmenty krajobrazu dziewiętna- stowiecznych miast europejskich, w tym również śródmieścia Rygi. Tego rodzaju założenia urbanistyczne doskonale komponują się ze sztuką i estetyką Art Nouveau w Rydze. Dodatkową i jednocześnie niezwy- kle ważną komponentą rozwiązań urbanistyczno-architektonicznych są umieszczone na narożach ozdobne zwieńczenia (nie tylko w stylu Jugendstil’u, ale także łotewskiego narodowego romantyzmu) komponujące się wspólnie i harmonijnie pod względem artystycznym i urbanistycznym, uzupełniając znakomicie pejzaż tej nadbałtyckiej metropolii. Słowa kluczowe: Łotwa, Ryga, Kraków, Nowy Jork, Londyn, Berlin, historia architektury i urbanistyki, Art Nouveau, Modern Art, Jugendstil, Narodowy Romantyzm DOI: 10.4467/2353737XCT.15.154.4191 * Prof. -
MTÜ Saarte Koostöökogu Strateegia 2008-2013 (VANA!)
Strateegia on vastu võetud MTÜ Saarte Koostöökogu üldkoosolekul 26.06.2008, muudetud 02.12.2010 Saarte Koostöökogu "Tegevuspiirkonna arengustrateegia" 2008 – 2013 2007-2010 Sisukord Sisukord ........................................................................................................................................... 2 1 Kokkuvõte ................................................................................................................................ 4 2 Tegevusgrupi üldiseloomustus ................................................................................................. 7 2.1 Tutvustus ........................................................................................................................... 7 2.2 Liikmete kogemused ......................................................................................................... 8 2.3 Saarte Koostöökogu põhiväärtused ................................................................................... 9 2.3.1 Huvigrupid ................................................................................................................. 9 2.3.2 Missioon ..................................................................................................................... 9 2.3.3 Visioon ja arengueesmärgid ..................................................................................... 10 2.4 Juhtimine ......................................................................................................................... 10 2.4.1 Töökorraldus ja juhtimine -
Muhu Valla Arengukava 2014-2020
Lisa 1 Kinnitatud Muhu Vallavolikogu 18. detsembri 2013.a määrusega nr 3 Muudetud Muhu Vallavolikogu 14.oktoobri 2015.a määrusega nr 33 MUHU VALLA ARENGUKAVA 2014-2020 2013 Sisukord Sisukord ............................................................................................................................................ 2 Tabelid .............................................................................................................................................. 4 Joonised ............................................................................................................................................ 4 Sissejuhatus ...................................................................................................................................... 6 1. Muhu vald kui sotsiaalmajanduslik regioon ................................................................................. 7 1.1. Asend .................................................................................................................................... 7 1.2. Ajalooline kujunemine .......................................................................................................... 8 1.3. Muhu identiteet ..................................................................................................................... 8 1.4. Territoorium .......................................................................................................................... 9 1.4.1. Maa ja planeerimine ..................................................................................................... -
The Broken Axis of Juhkental: a Different Kind of Heart
Heili Sepp Viru County Court The Broken Axis of Juhkental: A Different Kind of Heart Juhkental, Joachimstal, Joaorg – the historical district located to the south of Narva Old Town and Hermann Castle is rarely remembered when discussing Narva these days. That might be somewhat justified considering the suburb was officially united with the city only in 1917. Nevertheless, the oldest settlements of the area are located at Joaorg and there is something else at its heart that one might consider a painfully exact symbol of Narva. The whole layout of the suburb that burst into its true existence in the end of the 19th century (and was a home for ca 7000 people in the beginning of the 20th century - most of them workers at Kreenholm) had a majestic axis uniting two polarities at its core. The suburb burnt down twice (in April of 1919 and during WWII) but the axis remained, albeit today we experience it as something broken. The two places of worship – Alexander’s Cathedral (Lutheran) and The Resurrection of Christ Cathedral (Orthodox) – were designed to dominate this part of the city and to face each other in direct confrontation or dialogue. Originally everyone passing Juhkental could be overwhelmed by the experience of standing between two towering cathedrals – each one at its own end of the Church street. This historical view belongs to the past due to the architectural changes creating a strict “stonewall” to split the district apart: a kind of internal border. That is not the only way how Juhkental appears to be a place of boundaries. -
EESTI MAJANDUSPOLIITILISED VÄITLUSED Artiklid (CD-ROM) Ja Kokkuvõtted
EESTI MAJANDUSPOLIITILISED VÄITLUSED Artiklid (CD-ROM) ja Kokkuvõtted ESTNISCHE GESPRÄCHE ÜBER WIRTSCHAFTSPOLITIK Beiträge (CD-ROM) und Zusammenfassungen DISCUSSIONS ON ESTONIAN ECONOMIC POLICY Articles (CD-ROM) and Summaries XVII 2009 Eesti majanduspoliitilised väitlused – 17 / Estnische Gespräche über Wirtschaftspolitik – 17 / Discussions on Estonian Economic Policy – 17 Asutatud aastal 1984 / Gegründet im Jahre 1984 / Established in 1984 ASUTAJA, KOORDINAATOR JA PEATOIMETAJA / GRÜNDER, KOORDINATOR UND CHEFREDAKTEUR / FOUNDER, COORDINATOR AND CHIEF EDITOR: Matti Raudjärv (Tartu Ülikool – Pärnu Kolledž ja Mattimar OÜ) TOIMETAJAD / REDAKTEURE / EDITORS: Sulev Mäeltsemees (Tallinna Tehnikaülikool) Janno Reiljan (Tartu Ülikool) TOIMETUSKOLLEEGIUM / REDAKTIONSKOLLEGIUM / EDITORIAL BOARD Peter Friedrich (University of Federal Armed Forces Munich, University of Tartu) Manfred O. E. Hennies (Fachhochschule Kiel) Enno Langfeldt (Fachhochschule Kiel) Stefan Okruch (Andrassy Gyula Deutschsprachige Universität Budapest) Armin Rohde (Ernst-Moritz-Arndt Universität Greifswald) Mart Sõrg (Tartu Ülikool) Publikatsioon ilmub kuni kaks korda aastas / Die Publikation erscheint bis zu zwei Mal im Jahr / The publication is published once or twice a year Artiklid on avaldatud andmebaasides: / Die Beiträge sind in der Datenbanken: / Articles have been published in the databases: EBSCO (USA) and ECONIS (Germany) KONTAKT – CONTACT: Matti Raudjärv Tartu Ülikool (Pärnu Kolledž) University of Tartu (Pärnu College) or Mattimar OÜ Ringi 35 Kose tee 79 80012 Pärnu -
Evidence of the Reformation and Confessionalization Period in Livonian Art
Ojārs Spārītis EVIDENCE OF THE REFORMATION AND CONFESSIONALIZATION PerIOD IN LIVONIAN ArT INTRODUCTION The singular transitional period that led from the slowly evolving me- dieval vision of the world to a new perception of life with its dynamic expression in works of history and art history texts has been given labels that reflect its chronological evolution, as well as the epithets referring to its philosophical and aesthetic content. To illustrate the variety of the social and spiritual aspects of European spiritual life in the second half of the 15th and the 16th century, literature in the humanitarian spheres exploited concepts from the Renaissance, the Reformation and Counter- Reformation. Concepts of both humanism and hedonism were used to characterize the domestic cultural content and form. However, they fail to reveal the development of the new historical period and contradic- tion-rich diversity of the material and spiritual life in the 15th and 16th centuries, when the growing dominance of economic expansion and the endeavours to acquire new knowledge along with the awareness of the tangible benefits and spiritual advantages of a university education was so characteristic of European culture. The history of spiritual evolution, with the variations related to the Reformation and confessionalization, is characterised by local regional contexts and forms of expression, but it also has a mandatory syn- chronicity with the processes of European political and intellectual life. Looking forward to the 500th anniversary of the Reformation initi- DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/BJAH.2015.9.03 24 Ojārs Spārītis Reformation and Confessionalization Period in Livonian Art 25 ated by Martin Luther, it is worth examining the Renaissance-marked – the Teutonic Order and the bishops – used both political and spiritual fine arts testimonies from the central part of the Livonian confedera- methods in their battle for economic power in Riga. -
Island Hopping in Estonia: a Hiiumaa, Saaremaa and Muhu Padise Tallinn Kardla Baltic Se Hiiumaa Haapsalu
SELF-GUIDED Etonia FINLAND Helsinki Island Hopping in Estonia: a Hiiumaa, Saaremaa and Muhu Padise Tallinn Kardla Baltic Se Hiiumaa Haapsalu ain/Bus Koguva Varbla Tr ESTONIA Leisi Pärnu Saaremaa Kuressaare LATVIA Tour distances: cycling ~480 km/300 mi, ferry 44 km, 12 days/11 nights TOUR INFORMATION Cycling grade: We grade this trip as easy to moder- ate. Daily signposted biking routes, mainly on roads with little traffic and cycle paths in towns. The terrain 12-days self guided cycling tour from/to Tallinn (Code: SG9P) is varied and rolling with some gradual hills on some cycling days between Tallinn and Padise. 3 ferries be- Estonia is characterised by its unique natural landscapes and traditional hospitality. Vibrant cities, tween the Estonian islands are planned on this tour desert beaches, peace and the unspoiled beauty of the countryside - a paradise for cyclists. But it’s the (pay locally). Estonian islands which are the jewels of the country. You’ll spend your holiday on these islands which Arrival & departure information / Transfers are amongst the most beautiful that the Baltic Sea has to offer. Lighthouses and windmills are the land- Airport: Tallinn (www.tallinn-airport.ee) marks of these islands. To begin your journey, you will get to know the Estonian capital Tallinn. This tour Ferry terminal: Tallinn (regular ferry lines from Hel- then takes you from Haapsalu to the second largest island Hiiumaa before crossing to the biggest island, sinki (FI) & Stockholm (SE)) Saaremaa. En route back to the mainland, you’ll cycle on the island of Muhu & from there into the sum- Transfer: (price for one way for up to 3 people) mer capital of Estonia, Pärnu. -
Leping 2009 Läbisõit VAHE 1...3
AUTOPARGI LÄBISÕIT EESTIS 2009. AASTAL Vahearuanne Teedeinstituut MAANTEEAMT Tallinn 2010 1 TALLINNA TEHNIKAÜLIKOOL TEEDEINSTITUUT Teadussuuna klass 2.8. Aruanne / Research Report AUTOPARGI LÄBISÕIT EESTIS 2009. AASTAL VAHEARUANNE Leping 10052 L Vastutav täitja T. Metsvahi “ “ juuli 2010.a. Tallinn 2010 2 SISUKORD 2 SISSEJUHATUS 3 1 AUTOPARGI LÄBISÕIT MAANTEEDEL JA LINNATÄNAVATEL 5 1.1 Läbisõidu jagunemine maanteeliikide lõikes 5 1.1.1 Üldine olukord 5 1.1.2 Läbisõit põhimaanteedel 6 1.1.3 Läbisõit tugimaanteedel 34 1.1.4 Läbisõit kõrvalmaanteedel 45 1.1.5 Läbisõit muudel teedel 58 1.1.6 Aastase läbisõidu jagunemine maanteedel 61 1.2 Sõidukite läbisõit linnades 68 1.3 Aasta keskmine läbisõit sõidukiliikide lõikes 73 2. JURIIDILISTE ISIKUTE SÕIDUKITE LÄBISÕIT STATISTIKAAMETI ANDMETEL 78 3 LIIKLUSOHUTUSE SUHTENÄITAJA 86 KOKKUVÕTE 106 SUMMARY 107 LISAD omaette köide 3 SISSEJUHATUS Käesolev aruanne on Maanteeametiga sõlmitud lepingu nr 10052L esimene etapp, mis sisaldab läbisõidu määramist maanteedel ja linnades, tuginevalt liiklusloenduse andmetele ning omaette teemadena: juriidilise isiku sõidukite läbisõitu (statistikaameti andmetel) ja liiklusohutuse suhtenäitajaid. 1996. aastal alustati autopargi üldläbisõidu määramise metoodika väljatöötamist selle andmestiku baasil, mida oli võimalik kätte saada. Esialgset metoodikat rakendati 1994. ja 1995.aasta läbisõidu määramiseks. Liiklusloenduse andmetele tuginev metoodika ei ole aastate jooksul sisuliselt muutunud, kuid aasta-aastalt on paranenud maantee liiklusloenduste andmebaas. Püsiloenduspunktide arvu suurenemine ja põhjalikumad liiklusloendused põhi-, tugi- ja kõrvalmaanteedel on tinginud ka metoodika täiustamise. Liiklusloenduse täiustumisel on siiski olnud ka tagasilööke ja päevakorda on tõusnud probleeme, mida esmalt ei osatud karta. Kui 2000. aastal töötas püsiloenduspunktides 50 automaatloendurit, siis aastatel 2001-2007 on see hälbinud vahemikus 40 – 48. Võrreldes 2006. aastaga lisandus viis loenduspunkti. -
The Best of Latvia in 6 Days 21-27 May 2016
The Best of Latvia in 6 days 21-27 May 2016 We offer you: Organized by: The Baltic Rotary Club of Riga A comprehensive - Celebrating 7 years... tour of Latvia Guided visits to Dear Rotarians, selected places of Towards the end of May interest and sight- 2016, from the 21st to 27th, seeing (English The Baltic Rotary Club of speaker guides) Riga will host Rotarians Reserved luxury and their guests to an buses exciting and thrilling tour Lunch and dinners of the best in Latvia, as part included of its 7th Anniversary celebrations. We will guide Best Kept Secret”! and join us in celebrating Club 6th Anniver- you through the one of best (www.huffingtonpost.com/2 sary Gala evening country to travel in 2016 - our 7th Anniversary in www.lonelyplanet.com/ 014/03/24/lativa- style, friendship and best-in-travel - and its travel_n_4981083.html). comfort. capital: Riga, UNESCO An almost untouched natu- World Heritage Site, ral ecosystem and unforget- Proceeds from the event chosen as the prettiest table historical destinations European city by USA will be donated towards Costs: TODAY. Discover Latvia are waiting you. Come and the many charitable EUR 690/ person with us and it won't be witness this beauties during projects, of The Baltic EUR 1280/ Cou- anymore for you "Europe the summer of 2016. Rotary Club of Riga, for ple orphans and pensioners. (accommodation excluded) Reservations In the following pages please limited to 50 persons only find the sightseeing and at- Book early to avoid disap- tractions that will be seen pointment during the Tour, plus the Minimum number of persons events , subject to discretion- for the event to be conducted al changes. -
100 Treasures of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania
100 Treasures of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania Estonia, of Treasures 100 100 Treasures of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania 1 This book is the joint initiative of and part of the cooperation between the National Heritage Board of the Republic of Estonia, the National Heritage Board of Republic of Latvia and the Department of Cultural Heritage under the Ministry of Culture of the Republic of Lithuania. The book is inspired by the European Year of Cultural Heritage 2018, supported within the framework of a Joint Programme between the European Union and the Council of Europe “2018 European Heritage Days” and has received a grant from the State Culture Capital Foundation of Latvia. Authors of texts: Aistė Bimbirytė-Mackevičienė, Janis Zilgalvis, Siim Raie, Triin Reidla Translation: Kristjan Teder, Madli Kullaste, SIA SERRES, Visuomenės specialaus mokymo ir konsultavimo centras Editing: Carolin Pihlap, Janis Zilgalvis, Nijolė Bitinienė, Reelika Niit, Rita Mikelionytė, Triin Reidla Designer: Tuuli Aule Printed by: Tallinna Raamatutrükikoja OÜ, Laki 26, Tallinn, 12915 ISBN 978-9949-7293-0-2 (printed) ISBN 978-9949-7293-1-9 (pdf) Tallinn, 2018 100 Treasures of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania 2 3 This book is the joint initiative of and part of the cooperation between the National Heritage Board of the Republic of Estonia, the National Heritage Board of Republic of Latvia and the Department of Cultural Heritage under the Ministry of Culture of the Republic of Lithuania. The book is inspired by the European Year of Cultural Heritage 2018, supported within the framework of a Joint Programme between the European Union and the Council of Europe “2018 European Heritage Days” and has received a grant from the State Culture Capital Foundation of Latvia. -
International Reports 2/2018
Source: © Nikolay Doychinov, Reuters. Doychinov, © Nikolay Source: Source: © Source: Itar Tass , Reuters. Other Topics Is Islam a Part of Eastern Europe? Thoughts on History, Religion, and National Identity in the Eastern EU Countries Alexander Beribes / Leo Mausbach / Johannes Jungeblut 68 The refugee crisis revealed lines of division in the EU that had previously been hidden, especially with respect to the eastern member states. The discussion in Germany often fails to take sufficient account of the variety of experiences and perspec- tives in these countries. One significant explanatory factor for the reaction to the reception of refugees from Islamic coun- tries is the historic understanding of national identity. The EU expansion eastwards was intended to Visegrád Countries finally remedy almost half a century of Euro- pean division. However, in light of the refugee The Visegrád Group, founded in 1991 and still crisis and conflicting views it brought about on at a lower level of institutionalisation, consists the placement of asylum seekers, stereotypes of Poland, Slovakia, the Czech Republic, and are returning, dividing in media discourse our Hungary. After the four countries achieved continent into “progressive and tolerant West- membership in NATO and the EU, interest in the ern Europeans” on the one hand and “backward cooperation declined. It experienced no signifi- Eastern Europeans” on the other. Despite the fact cant revival until the European refugee crisis of that populist and Islamophobic parties have even 2015. been successful in Western Europe as well, it is crucial to examine the matter in a nuanced light What especially unites the four East-Central when considering the eastern part of the EU. -
Antanas Smetona Topic Guide for Chronicling America (
Antanas Smetona Topic Guide for Chronicling America (http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov) Introduction Antanas Smetona (1874-1944) was born in Užulėnis, Kovno Governorate, Russian Empire. In 1886, he became the only child in his family to go to school, and in 1893, he began attending Jelgava Gymnasium in Latvia. A teacher there promoted Lithuanian language and culture, but the school made everyone use Russian, and Smetona was expelled for non-compliance. After graduating from a different school, Smetona moved to Vilnius where he became active in Lithuanian cultural life, joined the Lithuanian Democratic Party, and worked on various Lithuanian newspapers and periodicals. During World War I, Smetona assisted Lithuanian victims and was elected Chairman of the Council of Lithuania. He was elected the first president of Lithuania in 1919, but was replaced the next year. In 1926, he became president again after helping overthrow the previous president. Following the Soviet Union occupation of Lithuania during World War II, Smetona turned over power to his prime minister and fled the country. He and his family eventually settled in Cleveland, Ohio, where Smetona worked on a history of Lithuania and his memoirs until his 1944 death. Important Dates . August 10 (July 28, Russian calendar), 1874: Antanas Smetona is born in Užulėnis in the Russian Empire. (Russia had annexed Lithuania in 1795.) . 1902: Smetona moves to Vilnius, the largest city and capital of Lithuania. 1918: Smetona signs the Act of Independence of Lithuania. April 4, 1919: State Council of Lithuania elects Smetona the first president of the Republic of Lithuania. 1927: Smetona dissolves parliament.