September 10, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25081

Col. Lawrence M cCeney Jones, Jr., xxx-xx-x... Col. Joseph Charles Fimiani, xxx-xx-xxxx , A rmy of the United S tates (lieutenant col- xxx-x... , A rmy of the United S tates (lieutenant A rmy of the United S tates (lieutenant colo- onel, U.S. Army) . colonel, U.S. A rmy). nel, U.S. Army) . Col. Rolland Valentine Heiser, xxx-xx-xxxx , Col. John Walter Collins III, xxx-xx-xxxx , A rmy of the United S tates (lieutenant colo- U.S. Army. CONFIRMATIONS nel, U.S. Army) . Col. T heme T roy E verton, xxx-xx-xxxx . Col. Harry E llsworth T abor, xxx-xx-xxxx , U.S. Army. E xecutive nominations confirmed by U.S. Army. Col. John Carpenter R aaen, Jr., xxx-xx-xxxx the Senate September 10, 1969: Col. William Holman Brandenburg, xxx-xx-x... xxx-... U.S. Army. U.S. ATTORNEYS xxx-... , U.S. Army. Col. Alvin Curtely Isaacs, xxx-xx-xxxx , U.S. Col. Harold Burton Gibson, Jr., Wayman G. Sherrer, of A labama, to be U.S. xxx-xx-xxxx Army. attorney for the northern district of A la- xxx-... , A rmy of the United S tates (lieutenant Col. Carl Vernon Cash, xxx-xx-xxxx , A rmy colonel, U.S. Army) . bama for the term of 4 years. of the United S tates (lieutenant colonel, Peter M ills, of M aine, to be U.S . attorney Col. John A lfred K jellstrom, xxx-xx-xxxx , U.S. Army). U.S. Army. for the district of M aine for the term of 4 Col. Peter George O lenchuk, , Col. Carl R ay Duncan, xxx-xx-xxxx , U.S . years. xxx-xx-xxxx Army. A rmy of the United S tates (lieutenant colo- U.S. MARSHALS nel, U.S. Army) . Col. Bruce Campbell Babbitt, xxx-xx-xxxx , Harold S. Fountain, of A labama, to be U.S. A rmy of the United S tates (lieutenant col- Col. Charles M aurice Hall, xxx-xx-xxxx , marshal for the southern district of A la- A rmy of the United S tates (lieutenant colo- onel, U.S. Army). bama for the term of 4 years. nel, U.S. Army) . Col. R obert Charles Hixon, xxx-xx-xxxx , John H . deW inter, of M aine, to be U.S . U.S. Army. Col. Daniel O rrin Graham, xxx-xx-xxxx , marshal for the district of M aine for the A rmy of the United S tates (lieutenant colo- Col. John M urphy Dunn, xxx-xx-xxxx , term of 4 years. nel, U.S. Army) . A rm y of the United S tates (m ajor, U.S . M arvin G. Washington, of M ichigan, to be Col. John Thornton Peterson, xxx-xx-xxxx , A rmy). U.S . m arshal for the w estern district of U.S. Army. Col. James A lexander Grimsley, Jr., xxx-... M ichigan for the term of 4 years. Col. F rank A nton Hinrichs, xxx-xx-xxxx , xxx-xx-xxxx , A rmy of the United S tates (lieu- Charles S. Guy, of Pennsylvania, to be U.S. A rmy of the United S tates (lieutenant colo- tenant colonel, U.S. A rmy) marshal for the eastern district of Pennsyl- nel, U.S. Army). Col. Eugene Priest Forrester, xxx-xx-xxxx , vania for the term of 4 years.

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS

O N E M ILLIO N STUDEN TS BEN EFIT I was privileged to speak for the Senate w orking w ith elementary school children F R O M CO LLE GE WO R K -S T UDY Education Subcommittee. with learning difficulties; PROGRAM—ROXANNE LAHTI REC- A lso participating in the program Horace W illiams, a major in graphic de- signs at the K ansas City A rt Institute and O GN IZED A T O FFICE O F EDUCA - were James W. M oore, Director of the School of Design, has been writing pamphlets TION CEREMONY Office of Education's Division of Student and taking pictures for the Police Depart- Financial A id, and these O ffice of E du- ment this summer; cation staff members: N orman Brooks, F indley S cribner, a deaf mute vocational HON. JENNINGS RANDOLPH James Allen, M ike Oliver, Warren Trout- student at Idaho S tate University, who plans to become an upholsterer, has been refur- OF WEST VIRG INIA man, and Ed Sanders. bishing a college office this summer. IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES M r. President, I ask unanimous con- sent that the address of M r. W irth and Lydia S onia Vasquez, a business adminis- Wednesday, September 10, 1969 tration major at M etropolitan S tate College my remarks be printed in the RECORD. in Denver, works as a secretary in the Col- M r. R A N DO LPH. M r. President, in There being no objection the addresses lege's Financial A id O ffice; the 5 years since it was passed by the were ordered printed in the R E CO R D, E ilien Duda, a senior at A laska M ethodist Congress, the college work-study pro- as follows: University in A nchorage, who wants to be a gram has opened the door to a college nuclear technician, is working as a hospital AD D RESS BY TIMOTHY WIRTH x-ray technician; education to many young people who It is a pleasure to greet the distinguished William S . LaCorte, a pre-med student at might not otherwise have had the op- guests who have come here this morning to Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, has portunity. join us in the Department of Health, E duca- worked this summer in biomedical research T his morning it was my pleasure to tion, and Welfare in honoring M iss R oxanne with N IH's N ational Cancer Institute; participate in a ceremony at the U.S . Lahti, the one millionth student to hold a E mployment in the College W ork-S tudy job under the College Work-S tudy program. program is varied: S ome students are also O ffice of E ducation recognizing M iss R oxanne grew up on a farm near Barnum, Roxanne Lahti, of the University of M in- food service workers, typists, library assist- M innesota, where she attended high school, ants. S ome mow the lawns and others work nesota, as the one-millionth student to ta k in g a n a c tiv e p a r t in h e r s c h o o l's with sophisticated computers, or work off- participate in this valuable program. activities— including playing clarinet in the campus in hospitals, local units of govern- M iss Lahti was presented a certificate band. S he has done all the work there is to ment or in the school system. But they have signed by Dr. James E. Allen, Deputy As- do in running a farm— beginning with milk- one thing in common: T hey are performing sistant S ecretary for E ducation, which ing cows at age four— and learning, by age a useful service, and they all need their job read as follows: nineteen, to say "You can't beat the tran- to help pay college expenses. quillity of the country." A s a N ation we move toward the goal that Given in recognition of R oxanne Lahti A s a former peach farmer from California, no talented young A merican will be denied as the o n e-m illio n th studen t in co lleg e I know M iss Lahti has long been interested a college education because he can't afford work-study program of federal financial as- in medical science. T his, with her natural the costs. W e are not there yet— but every sistance to the youth of A merica in her ed- love for animals, has led her to an early and year we get a little closer to the goal, and ucation. logical career choice. S he is going to be a our society is that much richer for it. Dr. Preston Valien, A cting A ssociate veterinarian. This year more than a million young A mer- Her school— the University of M innesota, Commissioner for Higher E ducation, icans will continue their education beyond Duluth Campus— also made a logical choice high school with the help of about one bil- presided and an informative address in arranging M iss Lahti's summer time job lion dollars in F ederal support through the was made by Timothy Wirth, assistant to under the College Work-Study program. She four major programs of financial assistance the Under S ecretary of Health, E duca- was employed by the Duluth Zoo, where she administered by the O ffice of Education: The tion, and W elfare. T wo distinguished bo ttle fe d ba by tig e rs a n d o the r y o un g College Work-S tudy program, the N ational legislative leaders from the House of animals, and worked in the museum. Defense S tudent Loan program, the E duca- Representatives, Hon. JOHN A. BLATNIK, W herever possible, the 2,200 colleges tional O pportunity Grant program, and the who represents M iss Lahti's district in participating in the College Work-Study pro- Guaranteed Loan program. Minnesota, and Hon. JOHN BRADEMAS, gram try to provide employment for their M any of you in Congress w ho are here studen ts in o ccupatio n s related to their today have w orked hard, using your time member of the House E ducation S ub- career objectives. For example: and creative talents in developing and sup- committee, had timely remarks about James Bryant, a 30-year old veteran major- porting the legislation that makes these sta- this young lady and the program that is ing in special education here in Washington tistics possible. A nd I am certain that you helping her obtain a college education. at D.C. T eachers College, spent the summer share with us a pride in the knowledge of 25082 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 10, 1969 what it means, in human terms, to say sim­ you and the other young women and young Career military men-those who have ply : One million young people are in college men who have benefitted, will help toward developed a pride for and a love of dis­ today who could not have made it without this goal. cipline in the service of their country­ the help of one or more of these programs The late Henry Kaiser, a great industrialist, are and can be expected to decline serv­ of assistance to students. in his 85th year, said to me: "Tell our young Some day we will be proud t hat we invested people that we have only scratched the sur­ ing in an undisciplined mob wherein any en ough of our resources to make it possible face. There is so much yet to be done." In serviceman can be indulged in special for t hese young people to attain a college College Work-Study there is indeed much to privileges merely because of the color of educat ion, to develop their own human po­ be done. It is a challenging future. his skin or other personal tic. tential and make their maximum contribu­ The present undermining attacks tion to our country's continued growth and against our armed services as well as ap­ st rength. MILITARY REVIEW BOARDS­ peasement by those in position to know SOCIO-MILITARY EXPERIMENT better are not conducive to reenlistment REMARKS BY SENATOR JENNINGS RANDOLPH AT CONTINUES CEREMONY RECOGNIZING MISS ROXANNE or extended service by the caliber of LAHTI men that are needed to defend our people Thomas Wolfe said: "To every man his HON. JOHN R. RARICK and our country. chance; to every man, regardless of his birth, The President's promise of a volunteer his shining, golden opportunity; to every OF LOUISIANA army is being precluded by this policy of man the right to live, to work, to be himself, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES compensatory military privilege. Based and to become whatever his manhood and Tuesday, September 9, 1969 upon the human behavior displayed else­ vision can combine to make him. This is the where in our society under similar at­ promise of America." Mr. RARICK. Mr. Speaker, in dis­ Wolfe hardly thought in terms of a Col­ cussing race riots in the military no in­ tack, as conditions now exist and faced lege Work-Study Program. He did, however, terest is being displayed in retaining an with the present recommendations, we h ave visions--rather in his time a dream­ effective armed service; rather the crux can expect few enlistments and career of a better America. of the investigation is directed toward servicemen from the Caucasian race. As It is this dream that we continue to strive conditions of service become more dis­ to achieve. To create that "golden oppor­ defusing the explosive effects of forced integration. Social differences have been, agreeable and discriminatory against tunity" regardless of one's birth is our unful­ merit any volunteer army of the future filled task. And a very real part of this task heretofore, an unknown consideration of is access to education and learning-not just the military which has successfully could be expected to be composed pre­ at the elementary or secondary level but in mixed all classes through the use of strict dominantly of Negroes. college, to the extent of an individual's discipline and uniform dress. Vast appropriations of tax money and potential. Yet, the self-styled experts whose only statistics indicating large numbers of The College Work-Study Program, through men in uniform do not constitute an employment and the benefits of earned in­ concern is admittedly purely racial, with no interest in maintaining an effective army. Without discipline, without re­ come, is providing that access to higher edu­ sponsible leadership including the com­ cation for young men and women. In no military force, refuse to face the real­ sense is this effort the final answer. But in ity-that the cause of the problem is of mensurate authority to carry out that serving a certain level of need-as do direct their own creation in misusing the armed leadership, there can be no fighting force. ·.oans and grants and insured loans-it be­ services as a massive, prolonged and Mr. Speaker, I insert several news­ comes an integral and vital part of our total failing social experiment in integrated paper clippings following my remarks: task in affording educational opportunities [From the New York Times, Aug. 18, 1969] to our young people. living. How can the race problem be We sometimes fail to realize how substan­ solved until it is understood that race MILITARY WEIGHS BmACIAL COUNCILS-PENTA- tial a portion of our population is composed mixing is the problem. GON ALso CONSIDERING REVIEW OF JUSTICE of young people of college age. There are The attacks against the military as SYSTEM now 14 million Americans, seven per cent o! racist must be exposed as a farce. For if (By William Beecher) the total population, between the ages of 18 they were true, the solution would be very WASHINGTON, August 17.-The Defense De­ and 21. simple-merely to segregate the troops partment is considering requiring all Ameri­ Today we honor Roxanne Lahti-the one­ can Inilitary posts throughout the world to millionth student to participate in College by color so that there could be no ques­ establish biracial human relations councils. Work-Study. In honoring her, we also express tion of an order's being racist. But the The councils would consist of officers and tribute to the hundreds of thousands of socio-military ·experimenters abolished enlisted men and would seek, among other young men and women who are defraying or segregated troops on the theory that seg­ things, to determine the ca.uses of racial fric­ partly defraying their college expenses regation was racist. But, at least, under tion and try to eliminate or miniinize them. through this program. We commend their the segregated troops, we did not have Although the idea has been studied before, initiative and their accomplishments. the race riots and tension now being in­ racial incidents a.t Camp Lejeune, N.C., a.nd As a member of the Senate Education Sub­ vestigated. a.t other posts have given it new impetus, committee, it was my privilege to actively according to Pentagon officials. work on the legislation authorizing this pro­ Military officers and men have no free Other actions under consideration include gram in late 1964. Its purpose was: "to stim­ speech to "sound off" publicly as to what the following: ulate and promote the part-time employ­ has caused the erosion of morale and A review of the entire system of Inilltary ment of students, particularly students breakdown in disciplinary conditions. So, justice to deterinine whether nonwhites have from low-income fainilles, in institutions of it is incumbent upon retired military men been regularly discriininated against, as is higher education who are in need of earn­ to tell the American people before the sometime alleged. ings from such employment to pursue entire military is destroyed. Special indoctrination courses, not only for courses of study at such institutions." One of the more outrageous recom­ incoming recruits but for troop command­ And now one Inillion students have been mendations offered as a solution to race ers as well, on the need for racial harmony aided, with over two thousand colleges in­ if the Inilitary is to perform its missions ef­ volved. This is a remarkable record. College riots would handcuff officers in com­ fectively. Work-Study has been an effective means of mand with biracial committees-a type The busing of young women to isolated assisting students in financing their educa­ of civilian military review board-which posts for weekend dances in an attempt to tion through meaningful and, in many cases, would examine and analyze orders to minimize the natural frustration of young career-related employment. eliminate any racist overtone before servicemen lacking female companionship. I can assure those present today that the being given, and probably even the right A NEW DIMENSION Committee on Labor and Public Welfare to countermand the order. chaired by the able Sen. Ralph Yarborough "There are problems within the Inilitary and the Subcommittee on Education under The Commandant of the Marine that we must tackle,'' said L. Howard Ben­ the direction of the diligent Sen. ClaibOrne Corps, one of the best disciplined mili­ nett, acting deputy assistant secretary of Pell, remain alert to the needs of higher edu­ tary organizations in the world has now defense for civil rights. "But there is a new cation and responsive to ideas for making approved of black marines being granted dimension to the recent troubles. They rep­ education more readily available to our the special privilege of wearing "Afro" resent a spill-over from the problems of the young people. haircuts. Once permissiveness is ac­ civilian community." Rioxanne, congratulations I I commend and Mr. Bennett, who is a Negro, cited a con­ cepted, what is to stop marines from versation he had recently with a Negro congratulate those in the Office of Education wearing peace medallions over their uni­ who have made such a concerted and splen­ marine a.t Camp Lejeune. He quoted the did effort in achieving the first Inillion. They form, hippie beards and haircuts, and marine as saying: share-and rightly so-genuine gratification even authorize Black Panthers to wear "I've been to Vietnam. A good many o! my in this accomplishment. Now, let us look to leopard skins in lieu of the usual marine brothers died over there. And I exposed my­ the second million. We hope, Roxanne, that uniform. self to all the risks. I've come back home and September 10, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25083 found there hasn't been much change for my He said that troop information programs [From the New York Times, Aug. 17, 1969] brothers and sisters in New York, Chicago, should go out of their way to publicize cer­ BLACK SERVICEMEN, LAST TO BE CALLED UP IN Louisville and Cincinnati. It's as bad as be­ tain racial information. For example, various PAST, MAY BE IN VANGUARD OF DRIVE FOR fore." young Negro marines have asserted that the SocXAL CHANGE Marine Corps has only about half a dozen Mr. Bennett, a tall, white-haired man who (By Thomas A. Johnson) was a municipal judge in Minneapolis before Negro officers. going to the Pentagon to work in the civil "But the marines have a good record. From While supervising a security guard detail rights area nearly six years ago, said Negro 65 Negro officers in 1965, they now have 271," at the dusty, sun-drenched First Infantry servicemen were not oalking that way as Mr. Bennett said "But who knows that?" base south of Saigon in South Vietnam, S. recently as two years ago. Mr. Bennett, ·pushing his steel-rim.med Sgt. James Frost mopped perspiration from Their complaints then, he said, centered on glasses back on his nose, conceded that the his nut-brown face and told a visitor why he such things as promotion policies and the military had a major, growing problem on its was a "lifer," or career man in the United housing available near oa.m.ps. hands. "But, I'm convinced we can get hold States Army. of this with vigorous, affirmative action," he "The Man can't overlook talent when he ARTICULATE AND ANGRY said. wants the job done," he said. "That's pure "The young black today is aggressive, and simple." articulate and angry," Mr. Bennett said. "He LFrom the Washington Post, Sept. 4, 1969) Black career men in the nation's military­ even looks at his Negro sergeant as an Uncle especially the Army and the Air Force-have MARINES TO PERMIT "AFRO" HAIRCUTS IN Tom, someone who has achieved his rank by frequently expressed this idea since the working hard, keeping his mouth shut, ignor­ MOVE TO DISPEL RACIAL TENSION armed forces were integrated during the ing iooults." ( By Fred S. Hoffman) early nineteen-fifties. Mr. Bennett and other defense officials feel Acting to cool racial friction, the Marine For while the military restricts the mobll­ there has been a breakdown of communica­ Corps commandant yesterday granted black i ty a civilian enjoys, it has provided career tions in the military, both from top com­ Marines permission to wear limited "Afro" opportunities nonetheless for many persons manders down and from low-ranking service­ haircuts and moved to remedy what he said of varied, or very little skills. men up. Senior noncommissioned officers and were some "valid causes of complaint." While there are still problems of racial junior officers are blamed by many. At the same time Gen. Leonard F. Chap­ discrimination in the mllitary, as pointed up GENERATION GAP man Jr. sent messages to his commanders by recent reports of some racism and some around the world emphasizing the require­ violent outbreaks in the Marine base at Cam.p Officials talk of a generation gap problem. ment for "total impartiality" in dealing with Lejeune, N.C., black career men insist that Some sergeants, for exa.m.ple, tJend to consider Marines of all races, colors and creeds and ~he idea '!f. equal opportunity is more a reality as cry-babies some of the young servicemen ordering measures "to dispel the racial prob­ m the military than in most civilian occupa­ who resent barracks harassment and na.me­ lems that currently exist." tions. calling by those who outrank them. In addi­ The commandant, whose corps has been REENLISTMENT RATES HIGH tion, if the sergeants pass along many embarrassed by recent racial disorders at individual complaints, this tends to reflect This attitude is reflected in re-enlistment bases in North Carolina and Hawaii, stressed statistics in recent years. These consistently on their own leadership. that acts of violence between marines "can­ Prejudice does exist in the military, as it show black servicemen re-enlisting at rates at not be tolerated, and must stop." The mes­ least twice as high as those of whites in does in civilian life, officials concede, but in sage is to be rea.d to all marines within 24 the mill ta.ry a man is not as readily able to the Air Force, Navy and the Marines and hours. about three times as high in the Army, walk away from Lt. He is often forced into His message, and a subsequent news con­ daily contact with his tormenter, and is Pentagon statistics show that Negroes in ference, showed that Chapman felt it neces­ the armed services number more than 320,- sometimes assigned the bunk next to him. sary to permit Negro Marines more leeway in The human relations councils would be 000, or about 9.4 per cent of the total. In the expressing racial pride, provided everything Anny, black soldiers come to some 11.5 per intended to force men at all levels to tackle remains Within regulations. cent of the total. local problems. Proposed orientation courses So far as the Afro haircut is concerned, While Negro privates and privates first class would be aimed at reminding officers and Chapman's message said "commanders will enlisted men of the value of getting along, in the Army range from 12.4 to 13 per cent, permit the Afro-natural haircut providing it black sergeants first class come to 20.6 per as well as the dangers of not trying. conforms With current Marine Corps regu­ On July 20 at a Camp Lejeune dance, 30 cent and master sergeant 15.7 per cent, show­ lations." He rea.d a regulation which sug­ ing a concentration by Negroes on mllitary Negro marines attacked 14 white marines, one gests that the Afro haircut would have to be careers. of whom later died. quite limited. The rule says: After talking With a number of Negro serv­ Two out of three of the Army's drill ser­ "Hair should be worn neatly and closely geants in the Un!ted States are black, as are icemen there, Mr. Bennett said tha.t a fre­ trimmed. It shall be clipped at the sides and quent complaint was tha.t there were not one out of four front-line supervisors in back so as to present an evenly graduated Vietnam. many women around, either on the post or in appearance. nearby Jacksonville, N.C. Among Army officers, there is one black "The hair on top must not be over three general, Brig. Gen. Frederic E. Davison; 42 "You put 10 to 15 girls in a club with inches in length. Long or conspicuous side­ 200 men and you have a volatile situation if full colonels (0.7 per cent of the total); 620 burns are prohibited." lie~tenant colonels (3.7 per cent); 1,302 only because of the mixture of blacks and Marines are supposed to keep their faces whites," he said. "You aod dancing and maJors (5.5 per cent); 1,322 captains (3.7 clean shaven, although they are allowed per cent); 1,129 fir&t lieutenants (2.9 per drinking and it becomes increasingly vola­ what is termed "a noneccentric mustache." tile." cent) and 616 second lieutenants (2.3 per Chapman said "such gestures as the Black cent). MILITARY JUSTICE Power clenched-fist salute should be dis­ Mr. Bennett, who was an official of the couraged, but not banned except during LARGEST NUMBER IN ARMY United Service Organizations in World formation or when rendering military cour­ The Army has the largest number of black War II, would like to borrow a page from tesies to colors, the national anthem, or in­ Americans of the military services, With some U.S.O. experience and bus in women from dividuals." 167,599. This compares With 32,934 (4.5 per Raleigh, Wilmington, Wilson and Rocky "They are . . . expressions of individual cent) for the Navy; 33,420 (10.7 per cent) Mount, N.C., to ease this problem. belief and are not, in themselves, prohibited," for the Marine Corps and 78,879 (8.9 per Similar activities should be considered for Chapman said. "However, they are grounds cent) for the Air Force. other posts that are far from large cities, he for disciplinary action if executed during Black officers in the Navy total 373 (0.4 said. official ceremonies or in a manner suggest­ per cent), while in the Marine Corps they Mr. Bennett recalled a Negro marine's com­ ing direct defiance of duly constituted au­ come to 231 (0.9 per cent) and there are plaint that he got a stiffer sentence for being thority." some 2,417 officers, (1.8 per cent) in the Air absent without leave for 15 days than did a Chapman suggested that regulations and Force. white marine who had been away for five other materials avoid provocative wording The highest ranking Negro in the military months. such as paleness to describe a symptom of is Air Force Lieut. Gen. Benjamin 0. Davis "I dont know if this is true, or of the heat prostration. Jr., former commander of the 13th Air Force extenuating circumstances," Mr. Bennett He also urged commanders to remedy min­ in the Far East. He is scheduled to retire said. But complaints of discrimination in or annoyances. For example, he said, there is soon after 30 years service. military justice are frequent and a major sometimes a lack of "soul music" in juke The war in Vietnam has given black fight­ study is contemplated. boxes at servicemen's clubs on base. ing men what they call "a sudden visibility" Among other things, he would recommend "That sounds like a small thing, but it as it is both "the world's first television war" that race be noted in the original docketing means something to my black Marines," and the first major conflict since the armed of a case. This would allow the Pentagon to Chapman said. forces were fully integrated. compare the treatment of whites and non­ He told newsmen his message was an at­ The percentage of Negroes on the front whites for similar offenses. tempt to re-emphasize, especially to younger line far exceeds the 10.5 per cent figure that The striking of racial identification from officers and noncommissioned officers, what reflects their participation in Southeast Asia. most records, once thought to be a device to he described as the "father-son relation­ This is in part because their mostly dis­ reduce discrimination, often has the oppo­ ship" between the enlisted man and his su­ advantaged backgrounds, say Anny officials, site effect, Mr. Bennett said. periors. place them in the basic soldier or rifleman 25084 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 10, 1969 classifications and also because black youths [From the New York Times, Aug. 17, 1969] "They always cry outside 'agitators,'" said have volunteered at a very high rate for RACIAL VIOLENCE MARs THE INTEGRATION Hurttls Coleman, a Negro barber on the combat and elite military units. RECORD marine base, "because they don't want to Front line visitors who watched Airborne (By Thomas A. Johnson) admit that they ~re prejudiced and mistreat­ units in Vietnam found rifle and reconnais­ ing black people." CAMP LEJEUNE, N.C.-"Frequently a ma­ sance platoons that were almost completely VIETNAM VETERANS black. Large numbers of Negro marines are rine or a paratrooper doesn't believe he's had in the volunteer Community Action Platoons a weekend unless he's had a fight," the ma­ Much of the racial difficulty at Oamp Le­ that live in isolated Vietnamese villages. rine officer said. "But racial clashes put this jeune comes from the non-racial situation on another plane. The normal brawls help of working thousands of marine enlisted NEGRO CASUALTIES build individual confidence, unit spirit too, men, recently returned from Vietnam, into Since 1961, Negro combat deaths in Viet­ but ra.cial fights could destroy the corps." new organizations and into new patterns of nam have come to 13.3 per cent of the total. In recent weeks this camp and several peacetime, barracks life. As of March, 1969, some 3,044 soldiers, 1,410 other military installations have been wit­ One marine colonel has noted: "They have marines, 24 sailors and 16 airmen had been ness to serious outbreaks of racial trouble. been rushed and sea.red and catching hell killed. Here at Camp Lejeune the racial conflict has without letup -for many months. First, at Historically, Negroes have fought in every already resulted in the death of one white Parris Island, they were screamed at, pushed war in which this nation has been engaged. enlisted man. A feeling of concern and ur­ a.round and harassed during basic tra.i.nlng. Ironically, the pattern was always to keep gency felt by marines at the base is shared Then there was 13 months in Vietnam, fight­ them out of the military but then to relent, by civilians. And members of Congress, Pen­ ing a war, killing and seeing their buddies as the need for manpower grew. tagon investigators, and journalists have killed. Suddenly, whlle they are stlll teen­ Gen. George Washington set the pattern flocked to this sprawling eastern North Caro­ :agers, they are combat veterans and expected during the Revolutionary War, ordering his lina amphibious training camp in days to to quickly and easily adjust to the spit and army not to enlist "any deserter from the look for themselves. polish routine of Stateside." ministerial army, nor any stroller, Negro or And, of course, they cannot "quickly and vagabond or person suspected of being an FLOCKING TO MILITARY easily" adjust. enemy to the liberty of America." The United States military, in many re­ The question of raoe in America today He relented as the British, promising free­ spects a totalitarian society, is at the same both complicates and exacerbates their ad­ dom for black slaves, began enlisting them time probably the most thoroughly inte­ justments. into Dunmore's Ethiopian Regiment. By the grated society America has produced. Many war's end 5,000 of the 30,000 soldiers who of its Negro members have praised its efforts fought against the British were black. to assure equal opportunity. RESULTS OF QUESTIONNAffiE The pattern of using Negroes as a last Black Americans have flocked to the mili­ resort continued until the Civil War. The tary services in unprecedented numbers and first permanent black military units, the 9th their re-enlistment rates have been consist­ and 10th Cavalry and the 24th and 25th ently at least twice as high as the rates for HON. JAMES W. SYMINGTON Infantry, came out of that war. These regi­ whites. OF MISSOURI ments fought in the Indian wars on the fron­ But racial discrimination still exists with­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tiers, in Cuba, the Phillppines and in World in the military. In addition, the civilian pat­ Wars I and II. terns of discrimination prevail in localities Wednesday, September 10, 1969 close by the military installations. Mr. SYMINGTON. Mr. Speaker, I am UNIT SCORES VICTORY The question raised by a black civilian dur­ The 24th Regiment, just before it was ing a "soul session" in saigon some monthS pleased to provide for the RECORD the phased out as an all-Negro unit, scored this ago is pertinent to the present. The civilian results of the opinion survey I recently nation's first military victory against the asked: "Can that black cat [the Negro serv­ conducted among . my constituents. North Koreans in 1950 at the South Korean iceman] walk like a dragon in Vietnam and Questionnaires were returned by over town of Yechon. like a fairy in the land of the big PX [ Amer­ 10,000 families living in the Second Dis­ Like every other institution, today's mili­ ica]? And can America expect him to?" trict of Missouri, which I represent. I in­ tary has been greatly affected by the new A major fear in the Pentagon is that many black consciousness. black servicemen and especially veterans of vite readers of the RECORD to draw their Many Negro career men, who rejected the Vietnam will react violently to continuing own conclusions and impressions from militants' accusations that they are "mer­ patterns of racial discrimination in and out­ these results. I do want, however, to ob­ cenaries," contend that they are as much side of the military services. serve that this profile of public views involved in the black struggle as any one else. Judge L. Howard Bennett, director for civil has ~een highly informative and useful "We're holding the line," Lieut. Col. Felix rights in the Department of Defense who to me, and that I greatly ·appreciate the L. Goodwin in Longbinh, South Vietnam, in­ warned recently of the danger of racial ex­ time and thought invested by the thou­ sisted, "making sure that Negro youths have plosions, rushed to Camp Lejeune where alternatives so they can go either into the most of the marines are recent Vietnam vet­ sands of my constituents who completed military or into industry." erans for a first hand inspection last week. and returned questionnaires. Results of A Negro intelligence officer in Saigon, Lieut. "We find a new dimension in Camp Le­ the questionnaire follow: Ool. Robert B. Burke, stressed the point that jeune," Judge Bennett said: "There is a OPINION SURVEY, 1969, SECOND CONGRESSIONAL "we need a 'brother' in every phase of Amer­ far greater concern among young black ma­ DISTRICT, Missouru: ican life, in everything 'the Man' has going." rines for their brothers and sisters in the [ Answers in percent] The military's public position is that there civllian community who are suffering dis­ is no difference between white and black crimination." 1. Concerning the Vietnam· war, which of servicemen, but many Negro youths are now He found, too, that they were far more the following policies do you think the insisting that they are "black first" and vocal in criticizilllg both the civilian com­ United States should follow? servicemen second. In recent months Negro munity and the marines than had been their Expand the war on all fronts in an at­ youths in the service have insisted on having black predecessors. tempt to achieve a Inilitary solution_ 14. O Afro-styled haircuts. A white marine officer suggested this was Establish an accelerated time table for The Defense Department's director for civil because the mostly teen-aged marine en­ U.S. withdrawal, shifting responsi­ rights, Judge L. Howard Bennett, said in a listed men "grew up during the civil rights bility for the war to the South Viet­ recent interview that he had noticed in re­ movement . . . with the boob-tube (tele­ namese government; wi·th or without cent months "a dram.atic new dimension in vision) as their babysitters." agreement in Paris ______57. 4 young black troops expressing a far greater One black marine, a decorated veteran of Continue to prosecute a limited war, concern for their black brothers and sisters Vietnam, who was branded a "militant," or with no major U.S. withdrawal, con­ on the outside than had their predecessors." troublemaker, on the base, told a newsman tinue negotiations with the South Much of the racial outbreaks in recent th.at he had grown tired of trying to make and North Vietnamese and the Viet- months on military bases, Mr. Benentt said, it in the corps and being thwarted by dis­ cong at the Paris talks______6. 2 can be traced to black reactions to acts of criminatory practices. "You get tired of try­ Accept a substantial compromise in Pa­ discrimination in the civilian society. ing behind that action," he said. "One day ris as the basis for early mutual with­ Judge Bennett, who is a Negro, also said Chuck (white people) gets down wrong and drawal of the U.S. and North Viet- part of the current military's difflcultles was you try to take that beast's head off." namese troops from the South ______15. 2 that the services had become an instrument A report by Negro and white marine offi­ No response ______7.3 for social change and that many career men cers here in April had warned of the danger 2. There have been several suggestions for were not used to this new role. of "an explosive Siituation of major propor­ the reform of our present system of drafting He said it was necessary that the military tions" primarily because of some white offi­ men into the armed services. Which do you return young men to the civilian community cers and sergeants who "retain prejudices favor? with positive experiences of racial coopera­ and deliberately practice them." tion and mutual respect because "they can Some whites here have charged, too, that Creation of a draft lottery system which either become the seeds for a dangerous dis­ "black power" advocates a.nd "other mili­ selects men from a nationwide pool content or cadre for leadership in building a tants" have infiltrated some black marines of 19-year-olds and recent college better society." to fight other marines. graduates ------46.8 September 10, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25085 The compound was partially destroyed in OPINION SURVEY, 1969, SECOND CONGRESSIONAL OPINION SURVEY, 1969, SECOND CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT, MISSOURI--Continued DlsTRICT, MISSOURI--Con tinued the 1947 hurricane in which the aunt of Rep. ( Answers in percent) Hale Boggs (D-LA.) lost her life. The homes [ Answers in percent] business income, coupled with the repeal of were rebuilt. Creation of an all volunteer army _____ 31. 5 the 7 % investment tax credit? But in the great blow, the fainily portraits, Retention of the existing Selective Serv- heirlooms and antique furniture dating back ice System With local draft boards ___ 16. 2 Yes------46.6 over 150 years to the Stanley, Morrison and No response------5. 5 No------44.0 Boggs plantations were saved. Camille in her onslaught spared nothing 3. Congress is currently debating two new No response------9.4 10. Of the following, which should be this time-not even the new wedding gifts nuclear arIIlS programs, the ABM and the for Claire Josephine (Jo Pepper) Morrison MIRV. The proposed ABM is designed to de­ given the highest priority by Congress and the Administration? and her groom, John Tuepker, which· were fend our offensive missile sites; the MIRV on display for family and friends at their would equip U.S. offensive missiles with mul­ Ending the Vietnam conflict______69. 9 wedding reception Saturday afternoon, tiple nuclear warheads designed to hit sev­ Strengthening law enforcement and Aug. 16. eral enemy targets. Which of the following crime prevention ------10. 7 The young couple was married at 5:30 p.m. would you prefer? Pollution abatement ------3. 9 in St. Thomas Catholic Church of Long Deploy the ABM missile site defense Reforining Federal tax structure______3. 3 Beach where the bride was christened, as estimated to cost $11 billion; develop Federal assistance to education______1. 8 was her mother before her, her uncles, aunts, and deploy MIRV------33. 1 Building an ABM and/ or MIRV system_ 1. 3 brothers, sisters and cousins: where the Delay nuclear arms expansion pending Strengthening the peace-keeping func- Boggs family had attended worship services a decision on a strong arms-control tion of the United Nations______1. 1 for several generations. Jo Pepper's wedding agreement with the Soviets at the up- Developing adequate housing______1. 0 was the very last in the old church, now coming arms-limitation talks ______33. 4 Settling campus disorders______0. 7 heavily damaged by wind and water. Do not develop either of these systeIIlS Exploring space ------0. 3 The reception in the Boggs large commu­ because they may trigger a dangerous Building mass rapid transit______0. 2 nit y living room, reception halls and smaller and expensive escalation of the arms No response------5.7 family living rooms were filled with friends and neighbors although the weather was Norace------response ______26.07.5 11. In dealing with the problem of campus unrest, which of the following do you feel is threatening. most necessary? The bride's aunt, Miss Mary Boggs, had 4. There have been several proposals for used native :flowers from the gardens to changing the present electoral college sys­ Tougher enforcement of existing rules decorate the rooms. She had transformed tem. Which do you prefer? and laws by college administrators two antique ha.tracks into indoor bowers Direct election of the President ______66. 7 and local officials ______41. 3 with Confederate jasmine. Single majestic Abolish the electoral college but retain Greater university, government and stalks of Yucca, or, Our Lord's Candles, stood the electoral vote, which would be cast business effo.rt to be more responsive straight in old-fashioned :floor baskets. automatically for the Winning oandi- to student and citizen involvement__ 29. 3 Passion :flowers from the yard encircled date in each State______9. 2 Additional Federal legislation denying the 60-pound wedding cake made by Mrs. financial aid to those students who Jacoble, Bay St. Louis, a close friend of the Abolish the electoral college; apportion participate in disorders ______13. 2 each State's electoral votes among bride. Champagne toasts were drunk to the candidates, based on their popular No response------16.2 bride and groom by the guests. One of these vote either statewide or by Congres- happy guests became one of Camille's victims sional district ______15. 6 later Sunday night. Retain the present system______5. 5 The bride and groom, who were sent on No response ______3. 0 BOGGS FAMILY HELP REBUILD their happy way in showers of rice, returned MISSISSIPPI GULF COAST early Monday morning to the site of their 5. Should the voting age be lowered to 18? wedding reception to help the fainily pick Yes ------49.4 up the debris; to shovel mud from the sum­ No------47.3 mer home of Dr. James T. Nix, New Orleans, No response______3. 3 HON. WILLIAM M. COLMER at 419 E. Beach, Pass Christian, which he OF MISSISSIPPI 6. Do you approve my legislation which so generously offered the Boggs Clan. They would provide grants for schools and com­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES are using the home as a base to oversee the rebuilding of the compound. They still come munities to conduct special educational pro­ Wednesday, September 10, 1969 grams concerning drugs and drug abuse? to Gulfport for fresh water. There is no electricity or telephone service as yet, but Yes ------75.9 Mr. COLMER. Mr. Speaker, there is an they are determined people. No------18.4 old saying to the effect that lightning The entire Boggs family, including grand­ No response______5. 7 never strikes twice in the same place. children, great-grandchildren and in-laws, 7. I have introduced a bill to permit par­ Unfortunately, this is not true about had gathered at the home for the wedding. ents to deduct the major portion of higher hurricanes. The beautiful and prosperous All but Congressman Boggs, who was on the education expenses from their total income little city of Long Beach on the Missis­ West Coast visiting his daughter. According tax liability. Do you favor this proposal? sippi ooast was the victim of the 1947 to his niece, Mrs. Daniel Shoemaker, Dallas­ town, Pa., messages were sent East to Penn­ -Yes ------82.0 hurricane and again was the victim of sylvania then relayed to Mr. Boggs' secretary NoNo------response- ______------15.62.4 the recent destructive storm Camille. in New Orleans thence to California to in­ This attractive little city is the birthplace form him of the family's safety. Also here to 8. The House Ways and Means Committee of our assistant leader, Congressman officiate at his niece's wedding was the is now analyzing tax reform proposals. Please HALE BOGGS. The Boggs family. including bride's uncle, the Rev. Robert Boggs, S.J ., indicate whether or not you agree with these his mother, still resides there. The Con­ Mobile. possible changes. gressman's aunt was killed in the 1947 Helping in the cleanup were not only the Should religious and charitable organiza­ hurricane. While the family suffered sub­ bride and groom, but most of the members tions be required to pay taxes on their out­ stantial property loss, they were more of their wedding party; her brother, Robert side business activities? Morrison, the best man and bridesmaid, Ken fortunate with Camille in that there was and Judy Pober, all three former Peace Corps Yes------89.9 no loss of life. members; the bride's uncle, Daniel Shoe­ No------7. 7 Mr. Speaker, Long Beach, hurricanes, maker, father of the four-year-old ring No response------2.4 and the Boggs family seem to be in­ bearer. William Boggs Shoemaker, the bride's Do you feel the oil industry's 27% % oil separable as is illustrated by the enclosed brother-in-law, Bobby 0. Homes Jr., New depletion allowance should be decreased or story from the New Orleans Times Pic­ Orleans, and of course, the parents O! the eliminated? bride, Mr. and Mrs. Stanley Morrison, nee aiune: Claire Bogg3. Yes------74.9 BOGGS COMPOUND TO BE REBUILT IN LoNG The Boggs fainily lost not one house, but No------15.6 BEACH all of the homes in the compound. They in­ No response------9.6 The Boggs Compound in Long Beach will cluded the homes of Miss Mary Boggs, Mr. Should the personal exemption of $600 be be rebuilt! and Mrs. Stanley Morrison, Archie Boggs raised? Spearheading the undertaking of rebuild­ (his summer home), and Mrs. W. R. Boggs ing the five homes destroyed by the hurricane and son, William R. Boggs, Jr. All will be "Yes------84.2 is the 81-yes.r-old matrlach of the family, rebuilt, including a new home planned by No------11.9 Mrs. W. R. Boggs, whose spirit and courage Representative and Mrs. Boggs. In fact, if No response------3.9 ls so exemplary it ls spurring the younger the contractors had been a week earlier than 9. To fight inflation, do you favor exten­ generations to get on with it. the hurricane, the foundation for this new sion of the 10 % surcharge on personal and Hurricanes are not new to the Boggs family. home would have been down. 25086 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 10, 1969 The family took refuge in New Orleans with Southern textile mills whose em­ every action which makes the machine op­ during the hurricane but returned to the ployment policies violated Executive or­ erate. They are in Logistics, Research and Coast early Monday, as did the bride a.nd der 11246. Such violations were illustra­ Development, Budget and Finance, and in groom, who had gotten to Meridian, and the tive of vague and often contradictory every major or minor division which to­ rebuilding began. gether constitute the Pentagon organiza­ Following the 1947 storm, the compound policies emanating from the Pentagon. tion. There are no key black policymakers was named Will-Stan, a play on the first Subsequently, in questioning the De­ in these divisions. There is no confidence names of Mrs. Morrison's father and husband partment's policies on personnel, I re­ that a black person can contribute to their wit h the connotation, "It will stand." ceived a report regarding Negro civilian functioning. But when a problem arises in When Mrs. Morrison and Mrs. Shoemaker, personnel in supergrade positions which which racial considerations appear the both dressed in sturdy work clothes came revealed the lily-white character of the tendency is to look to the "Civil Rights" to Gulfport for fresh water and to give an Pentagon. This letter-April 11, 1969- division for instant solutions. Let the Pen­ account of the wedding, they could laugh is herein being submitted for the RECORD tagon be forewarned-there are no instant at the idea that they are thinking of calling solutions. With its absence of early plan­ the new compound Stan-Dee. together with my most recent letter ad­ ning for the welfare of all military man­ Spirited, proud families like the Boggs will dressed to President Nixon. In addition, power, planning which embraces its total build back the Coast. The true pioneers can I am including a recent statement from responsibility for men coming into service, never be washed away. the editorial page of the Washington being utilized and being separated, the in­ Although the Morrison-Tuepker wedding Post, September 9, 1969, issue, and an ar­ evitable result is disaffection and distaste was the last in the historic little Catholic ticle by Carl T. Rowan from the August for the military. Add to this the special prob­ church with its many side altars, there will 27, 1969, edition of the Evening Star lems of the black soldier, sailor, marine or be other weddings, christenings and funerals titled "Racial Strife at U.S. Military airman, and you have the ingredients of in the new church that the determined con­ a major breakdown in discipline. such a gregation in St. Thomas Parish is already Bases Ominous": condition will not yield to the hasty " jus­ making plans to build. CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES, tice" and traditional military way of quiet­ HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, ing discontent. Mr. Speaker, I am happy that Camille Washington, D.C., September 4, 1969. The Pentagon created a policy but has not was better to the Boggs family insofar as The PRESIDENT, awakened to the consequences of that policy. the loss of life is concerned and I am The White House, World Wars I and II involved masses of delighted to know this splendid family is Washington, D.C. manpower the quality of which many field to continue to retain its Mississippi ties DEAR MR. PRESIDENT: Sinoe March of this commanders attested was too low. So, re­ by rebuilding. year I have sought some clarification of the sponding to their pleas and the ready avail­ policies of the Department of Defense in ref­ ability of better qualified personnel, stand­ erence to it.s personnel, manpower, and race ards for entry into the services were raised relations policies as they affect minorities. I well beyond the true requirements of the have expressed grave concern about the ab­ duties to be performed. It appears only nat­ PENTAGON POLICIES PROMOTE sence of Negro civilian personnel in policy­ ural that these better educated men (black DISORDERS making levels a fact which has great bearing and white) would seek for their understand­ on the overall policies and the image por­ ing something more than a mere order or trayed by this Department Of the Federal command. They have been taught to think HON. AUGUSTUS F. HAWKINS Government. To date my concerns have not and to question. This is the essence of edu­ been eased but on the contrary have been cation. Why, then, should they not question OF CALIFORNIA justified as being of the highest importance what happens to them in the matter of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES to your adininistration and in the national performing duty, in the discipline to which Wednesday, September 10, 1969 interests. they are subjected, and in all the vital de­ The Pentagon has had its warnings. What tails of their living and dying for what _ap­ Mr. HAWKINS. Mr. Speaker, last has been happening in a few camps and pears to many to be a remote and useless week I addressed a letter to President posts may soon erupt throughout the military cause. Nixon concerning the policies of the De­ establishment. If it does there will be none to The black serviceman shares the concerns partment of Defense in reference to per­ blame but the heads of our forces-military of the white serviceman. He carries another and civilian-who refuse to believe that man­ burden which is hard to bear. He sees pro­ sonnel, manpower, and race relations. power (black and white) is the key essential motions given where there seems to be less This was the latest of a series of com­ to adequate military posture. It is not guns or attention to qualification than to skin color. munications on this subject in which I ships or airplanes or the material used by He sees discipline as harsh when the color was fervently seeking clarification and, these which really counts. Rather, it is the of the disciplined is black but lenient if the hopefully, positive results. men who must make these things work who color of the individual is white. He knows Our in tense concern with the Military make the difference between victory and from experience that life is tough for his Establishment is not incidental. No single d·efeat. black brothers outside of the military serv­ institution has pervaded so many aspects Manpower and its enlightened manage­ ices. He sees himself going back to civilian ment have been relegated to the lowest posi­ life where no one cares whether he riEked his of our life as the military. tion in the order of things in the Pentagon life for his country when he seeks a job. He In sheer magnitude of Federal ex­ philosophy. What attention is given to this knows of no special efforts to assure him that penditures, about $80 billion annually, key area is limited to the logistics Of getting life for him will be better because he has the military is in a strategic position to men into service, into training, into teohnical sacrificed som·ething for those who could substantially affect economic trends and schools, into units, into battle, into camps make life better. He hears talk of equal op­ influence the quality of American life. and stations which can absorb them. Little, 1! portunity but finds few evidences of it in or Of the 50 million males over 18 in the any, attention is given to the personnel out of the services. He concludes that if the labor force, more than half are veterans which should be the key element in man­ military can ignore policies intended to pro­ power or personnel management. Small won­ -vide equality there is even less hope for such or are currently in the services. In fact, der, then, that manpower finds its morale at a condition in areas beyond the control of almost all young men will spend 2 to 3 a low point. There is even less mystery in the the military. years on active duty during their life­ developing discontent of the black men who The Pentagon must be charged with many time. However, less than 1 out of 4 serv­ having served well in combat are looked down failures. It has failed to place black men in icemen engages in combat activity. Most upon, m altreated, and given the dirty end key policy positions. It ignores the advice of are used in logistic support requiring of every detail without regard to their the few blacks to which it infrequently turns. technical skills comparable to those used qualifications. The paucity of uniformed blacks in key roles in civilian life. Thus, the potential for When the explosions begin seriously to in the Pentagon and field establishments is counseling, training, and skill develop­ rock the complacency of the "big brass" proof enough that opportunity is limited in in the Pentagon and the White House, it will the extreme. Programs which should address ment in the military is tremendous. be too late to look for ways to avoid what themselves to easing the return of service­ The military is our largest "employer," has happened. Even now it may be too late. men to civilian life are seldom supported our most elaborate "boarding school," Certainly the clouds of disaster will not be with any enthusiasm by the military. What the biggest "contractor," an effective lifted by the efforts of a meager civil rights hope, then, is there? One thing our service public affairs agency, and an interna­ staff in the office of the Assistant Secretary personnel have been taught and this they tional radio and television operator, but of Defense. Even if the staff were to be in­ will remember; they, individually and collec­ creased in size grave doubt exists as to tively, constitute a force. As such, when still, it is an arm of the Federal Govern­ whether any real achievements could be ex­ applied, the force which they are gets re­ ment subject to the same laws and rules pected. What seems to escape the thinking of sults. What recourse is there for them if all as other departments. the brass is that "civil rights" cannot be sep­ other measures have failed? They, these black Earlier this year many of us criticized arated from those key functions of manag­ servicemen, are beginning to see t hat what the Department for signing contracts ing the military. These rights are a part of is hoped for in far away places like Viet Nam September 10, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25087 may be possible here a.t home if the same Forces including special responsibilities for high standards of the Department of De­ tactics a.re applied. We have taught these Military Academy recruitment and person­ fense. men to think. We have taught them to fight. al reviews of DoD installations to audit equal MELVIN R. LAIRD. How do we expect them to do anything dif­ opportunity and equal treatment programs. ferent from what they ma.y do if our teaching Advises the Deputy Assistant Secretary of EXECUTIVE LEVEL POSITIONS IN THE DEPART­ has been effective. Defense (Civil Rights and Industrial Rela­ MENT OF DEFENSE The Pentagon may yet have time to do tions) on equal opportunity and equal treat­ LEVEL I something. It can place some blacks in key ment policy for all Military Departments and Secretary of Defense. policy positions throughout the Pentagon Defense Agencies. and its field establishments. It can learn to 3. The total number of positions by De­ LEVEL II listen to these blacks and act on their recom­ partment and level are provided in the at­ Deputy Secretary of Defense. mendations. It can constitute a task force tached summary of Executive Level Positions Secretary of the Army. which includes informed blacks to advise in the Department of Defense. Ait the present Secretary of the Navy. them as to conditions which exist and solu­ time all positions listed are filled by incum­ Secretary of the Air Force. bents. However, in past years this Depart­ tions which hold promise. It can cease to be LEVEL m the defense and it can respond positively to ment has experienced periodic changes in enlightened counsel. There is little time left. assignments to these positions. Director of Defense Research and Engi­ What there is of it should be utilized wisely I wish to assure you that my personal at­ neering. by those who control our military establish­ tention will be supplied to all equal oppor­ LEVEL IV ment. tunity matters within the Department of Principal Deputy (DDR&E). Respectfully yours, Defense. The Secretary of Defense has direc­ Assistant Secretary of Defense ( Comp­ AUGUSTUS F. HAWKINS, ted us to formulate goals and methods to troller). Member of Congress. assure solid results at all levels of our civilian Assistant Secretary of Defense (Manpower employment. In addition, we administer a and Reserve Affairs) . ASSISTANT SECRETARY OF DEFENSE, similar program for contractors of all ele­ Assistant Secretary of Defense (Installa­ Washington, D.C., April 11, 1969. mensts of DoD. tions and Logistics) . Hon. AUGUSTUS F. HAWKINS, I am also supplying an attached copy of Assistant Secretary of Defense (Interna­ House of Representatives, a recent statement by the Secretary of De­ tional Security Affairs). Washington, D.C. fense expressing his personal support of the Assistant Secretary of Defense (Public DEAR MR. HAWKINS: Secretary Laird has Equal Employment Opportunity Program. I Affairs). asked that I respond to your letter of March hope that the above will supply the informa­ Assistant Secretary of Defense (Adminis- 18, 1969 regarding Negro civ111an personnel tion requested. tration). in policy positions within the Department Sincerely, The General Counsel. of Defense. Your comments and suggestions W.P.MACK, Under Secretary of the Army. on this m-a.tter have been carefully reviewed Vice Admiral, U.S. Navy, Deputy. Assistant Secretary of the Army (FM). by this Office. Please accept our assurance Assistant secretary of the Army (I&L). that such affirmative action, t.o assure equal MEMORANDUM FOR ALL EMPLOYEES Assistant Secretary of the Army ( M&RA) . employment opportunity at a.ll levels within THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE, Assistant Secretary of the Army (R&D). this Department, is a. matter of first priority. Washington, D.C., April 3, 1969. Director of Civil Defense. As you may know, President Nixon's state­ Subject: Equal Employment Opportunity for Under Secretary of the Navy. ment of March 28 on equal employment op­ Civilian Employees of the Department of Assistant Secretary of the Navy (I&L). portunity expresses his strong support for Defense. Assistant Secretary of the Navy (M&RA). this program. I am pleased to take this opportunity to af­ Assistant Secretary of the Navy (R&D). You also request that we supply a report firm the merits of our Equal Employment Assistant Secretary of the Navy (FM) . on the presence of Negro civilian executives Opportunity Program in the Department of Under Secretary of the Air Force. in key positions in this Department. In sup­ Defense. This program, which is based upon Assistant Secretary of the Air Force (FM). plying this report we follow the paragraph Presidential Executive Orders, assures all Assistant Secretary of the Air Force (I&L). order indicated in your inquiry: employees of the Federal Government that Assistant Secretary of the Air Force 1. The total number of supergrade posi­ their working careers will be free from dis­ (M&RA). tions currently allocated to the Department crimination on account of race, color, re­ Assistant secretary of the Air Force (R&D). of Defense is a.s follows: ligion, sex or national origin. In the past LEVEL V Army------136 the Department of Defense has provided Assistant to Secretary of Defense (LA). Navy------88 strong support for such efforts and for paral­ Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary Air Force------96 lel programs of equal opportunity in the (ISA). OSD & Defense Agencies______203 Armed Forces. This policy of equal oppor­ Chairman of the Military Liaison Comm. tunity and equal treatment will be continued to the AEC. and expanded by me. Director, Advanced Research Projects Tota.I ------523 Although we have made some progress in 2. The number and grade of Negro execu­ Agency. this respect under past Presidential Execu­ Deputy General Counsel. tives occupying three of the above positions tive Orders and equal employment oppor­ together with a description of functions is Deputy Director, DR&E (Research & tunity programs, we must make a much Technology) . as follows: greater effort in the months to come. The (a) Stanley P. Hebert, Esquire, Deputy Deputy Director, DR&E (Strategic & Space social implications of this program, and ele­ Systems). General Counsel, Depar,tment of the Navy menta.ry fairness, require that a great deal (GS-17): Deputy Director, DR&E (Tactical War­ be accomplished in a short time. fare Programs). Provides legal advice and counsel on all The affirmative action aspects of equal em­ aspects of Department of the Navy opera­ The Special Assistant to Secretary & Dep­ ployment opportunity must include equal uty Secretary. tions. Serves as a top legal officer in the opportunity in recruitment, career develop­ Office of General Counsel of this Department Deputy Director, DR&E (Electronics & In­ ment, progression, selection for supervision, formation Systems) . a,nd supervises civilian attorneys supplying a.wards and other recognition, and all other legal analysis and advice to the Navy De­ Deputy Director, DR&E (Southeast Asia aspects of employment. The requirements Matters). partment. (Served in 1967-1968 as Deputy of this effort will make demands upon the Director of Investigations for the Kerner Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary initiative and creativity of employees, flrst­ (Comptroller). Commission.) llne supervisors and all elements of manage­ (b) Mr. James C. Evans, Civil Rights Coun­ Assistant to Deputy Secretary. ment above them. DASD (Reserve Affairs). selor, Office of the Deputy Assistant Secre­ Consistent with our function of preserving tary of Defense (Civil Rights and Industrial General Counsel, Army. and protecting freedom in the world, we General Counsel, Air Force. Relations) (GSC-16) : have a parallel and supporting obligation to Reviews, audits and advises on policy General Counsel, Navy. assure this nation that our actions result in Governor, Panama Canal 'Zone. formulation in equal opportunity programs beneficial social consequences. None of these for military and civilian personnel through­ consequences is more important than equal out the Department of Defense. Advises on opportunity in a lifetime of employment RACISM IN UNIFORM all aspects of this program for the Armed with this Department. Proper administration Since the United States Marine Corps is as Forces. Member of OSD Central Clearance of our program must necessarily include ac­ American as baseball, it can hardly be Group. tions to remedy employment problems cre­ thought astonishing that, like the rest of the ( c) L. Howard Bennett, Esquire, Director ated in the past. country, it has been infected with the cancer for Civil Rights, Department of Defense (GS- I shall require such development and of racism. That cancer has manifested itself 16): achievement during my tenure as Secretary of late in some shocking instances of violence Responsibiliites include policy formulation of Defense and will personally review our among men wearing their country's uniform. and program supervision of equal oppor­ progress. We must produce solid results at Gen. Leonard F . Chapman, the Marine Corps' tunity and equal treatment in the Armed every employment level consistent with the commandant, is entirely right, of course, in 25088 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 1 O, 1969 asserting as he did in strong, clear tones, that In 1967 racial conflict broke out among OIL IMPORT PROGRAM IS VITAL TO such violence "cannot be tolerated and must U.S. troops in Germany. The Pentagon played AMERICA'S SECURITY stop." down this conflict publicly, but Thomas D. But the general's order is easier to issue Morris, then assistant secretary for man­ than to enforce. For the unrest in the Marine power and reserve affairs, quietly ordered all Corps reflects a deep unrest in the society at military installations to "take affirmative ac­ HON. ED EDMONDSON large. The corps is composed, in part at least, tion" to preclude racial violence. OF OKLAHOMA of young white men brought up to believe, But in June, July, and August of 1968 a IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES as an abstract proposition, that all men are series of racial eruptions occurred at Oam created equal but nevertheless accustomed, Ranh Bay in South Vietnam. There were Wednesday, September 10, 1969 as a matter of course, to conditions of life "serious riots" at Long Binh and Da Nang. Mr. EDMONDSON. Mr. Speaker, a re­ under which white men are entitled to per­ Then on Oct. 15 and 16 "a real donnybrook" quisites not available to black men. of racial rioting broke out at Camp Tien cent article appearing in the Bartlesville, The corps is composed also, in part, of Sha, a Navy base in Vietnam. Okla., Examiner-Enterprise newspaper black men who have been imbued lately with L. Howard Bennett, a Negro· who is now carried some important comments from a belief that the American ideal of human acting deputy assistant secretary of de­ one of the industry's leading authorities equality must be made a living reality and fense for civil rights, went to Vietnam last on our oil import program. that acceptance on their part of any sort of fall with Jack Moskowitz, who then held the Mr. John Houchin, president of Phil­ racial discrimination is a betrayal of their job in which Bennett now is acting. race and of the very values they entered the lips Petroleum Co., was quoted in re­ Upon return, Bennett filed an urgent gard to a study made by the Charles Marine Corps to defend. In combat in Viet­ warning that if the Pentagon did not move nam these men learned that race makes no rapidly to deal with inequities and grievances River Association on proposed changes diffe~ence when white men and black men and to combat racial hostility the military in our import program. I commend Mr. are exposed in common to mortal peril. . could face "riots and demonstrations of epi­ Houchin for his very thoughtful analysis Returning from Vietnam, however, Mannes demic proportions." of both our present import program and are often stationed at bases in the deep Al Fitt, a Michigan liberal and former col­ his comments on the Charles River study, South where ancient patterns of prejudice league of G. Mennen Williams, had then still persist among white civilians and where and include his remarks in the RECORD replaced Morris. Fitt professed to be stunned at this point: scorn for the uniform they wear, as an em­ by Bennett's report which he seemed to con­ blem of the "white establishment," is com­ sider "alarmist." He called in Moskowitz who HOUCHIN CRITICIZES CHARLES RIVER STUDY mon among black civilians. They are caught allowed as how he hadn't observed any signs "The nation's security could be gravely im­ up, in short, in the currents of racial an­ of racial strife such as Bennett had referred periled, and its petroleum consumers and do­ tagonism and distrust which are now so to. mestic oil business harmed if som-e of the prevalent in American life. So Fitt and Moskowitz ignored Bennett's conclusions made in the Charles River Asso­ It is not to be supposed that the hostilities report. ciates study of the oil imports program were which exist within the Marine Corps are to The incoming Republicans were ironically made a part of the import policy," John M. be extirpated by a command any more than Houchin, president of Phillips Petroleum the hostilities existing outside the corps. But blessed in that almost none could profess to be an expert on civil rights, human rela­ Company, said. General Chapman has embellished his order Houchin pointed out that the study, which with certain specifics which can help to tions, or Negroes. Some of them saw the trouble that was brewing within the mili­ was prepared for the office of Science and eliminate discrimination. Most significantly Technology and has been submitted to the he has declared that no one should stand in tary and they admitted they needed help in doing something about it. Cabinet Task Force on Oil Import Control, the way of any Marine, regardless of his rank, was full of faulty assumptions, inconsisten­ who may wish to lodge a complaint about Still, a big "interdepartmental task force" on the subject did almost nothing. It did cies, and inaccurate methodology. "For ex­ racial discrimination with his commanding ample," Houchin said, "the report assumes officer. Discrimination is a form of injustice conclude that draftees coming off the na­ tion's troubled streets and volunteers from that reserve producing capacity in 1975 with­ which the Marine Corps authorities can deal out import controls and prorationing would with. Hostllity and prejudice, being states the nation's strife-ridden high schools were bringing racism with them. So there was remain at the present level of about 1 ¥2 mil­ of mind, are harder to get at. They will lion barrels a day, and that an increase of one diminish and disappear in the Marine Corps talk-but mostly talk--of "threshold orien­ tation" designed to strip new Gls of their million barrels a day would be readily ob­ only as they diminish and disappear in the tainable from new drilling. This results in nation. racism during their first days in the service. an overestimate during emergencies of about two million barrels daily for the conditions RACIAL STRIFE AT U.S. Mn.ITARY BASES Now there is frantic talk of human rela­ assumed." OMINOUS tions programs at West Point, the Naval Academy, schools for noncommissioned of­ Houchin also pointed out that in its (By Carl T. Rowan) ficers, in basic training and about anyplace hypothetical example of an emergency condi­ From Defense Secretary Melvin Laird right else in the military that anyone can think tion the analysis does not consider the widen­ down through the ranks, the Pentagon sud­ of. ing gap between current on demand and do­ mestic production which would occur in the denly is moving urgently to adopt programs This may help. But it does not come to that will prevent an epidemic of racial vio­ absence of import controls. "Because it ig­ grips with the fundamental problem. This nores this fact, the amount of storage for lence on military bases. new breed of black GI feels that he is being They have been prodded, of course, by the emergencies, and the cost of this storage discriminated against in a variety of ways. would have to be much higher than assumed outburst in Camp Lejeune, N.C., in which Reports have been coming into the Penta­ one white Marine died and another was se­ in the report," Houchin stated. "These in­ gon of white officers referring to black Gls accuracies alone could result in a critical riously injured, by serious fighting among as "boy" and "nigger," actions just about black and white Marines in Hawaii two weeks guaranteed to produce a fight. shortage of petroleum supplies during a na­ ago, and by at least three racial outbreaks in tional crisis," he stressed. Vietnam which the Pentagon classified as Black soldiers say they are out off from A wrong assumption in the study which is the ranking people who might do something a deception to consumers is that foreign "serious riots." about their grievances. They say black Gis The ominous implications of these violent prices of crude oil would not increase if U.S. receive inordinately severe punishment for import controls were removed," Houchin episodes ought to be obvious: an army full minor offenses. They say the promotions too of dissension, where various factions are at continued. "Like so much in the Charles Riv­ often go to white Gis who don't work as er report this assumption ignores reality. If each other's throats, can never be an effec­ hard or efficiently as the passed-over blacks. So the United States should become dependent tive army. the Pentagon does well to act And they speak bitterly of something I with a sense of urgency, for the nation's on foreign nations for its petroleum, the gov­ warned about in a column a few months ernments of these nations would inevitably security is far more threatened by racial ago: the civilian hierarchy at the Pentagon hostility within the military ranks than is it is and always has been lily-white, and it is raise the price of their oil. The evidence that by that $3 billion budget cut that Laird says not much better at the top level of the mil­ they would do this is clear. An announced will "weaken our worldwide military pos- itary side. goal of the Organization of Petroleum Ex­ ture." porting Countries (OPEC) is higher prices This is the first problem that the Presi­ There is a tragic aspect of the current ra­ for crude oil for member countries. A recent dent and Laird must do something about. resolution by OPEC calls upon members to cial outbursts that is not so obvious to the Before this tense problem of racial strife public. It is the fact that leaders at the deny oil oontracts or concessions to consum­ within the military is solved, some top­ ing countries whose policy is to reduce prices Pentagon had plenty of warning of what level teams of blacks and whites from the was coming, but out of arrogance (and the of imported crude oil." notion held by some white liberals that they Pentagon are going to have to visit a lot of · Houchin said that it follows that the knew more about the problems than the bases and talk to a lot of men. assumption in the Charles River's study that Negroes who were warning them) nothing The magnitude of the Pentagon's prob­ the import control program costs 6.2 billion was done. So we have drifted into a situation lem will become obvious when Laird dis­ dollars is "completely out of the ball park." that is far more serious than most of the covers he has a real paucity of top-level He said, "the January 1969 report by the De­ public realizes. blacks to put on such a team. partment of the Interior which is the most September 10, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25089 comprehensive published report on the cost served. "Porque" Patten's record in Con­ Hall. Carnegie building was restored and of the import control, concluded that sav- gress ea1ned for him the genuine adini­ renovated, Benton Hall repaired, and the 1ngs 1n oil prices as a result of elimination of ration and deep respect of his colleagues. roof on Whiting Fieldhouse made Wlhole import controls might be about a blllion dol­ I extend my most profound sympathy again. lairs a year, but warned that higher prices for All this, in addition to the new buildings, foreign oil would come with increased U.S. to his bereaved family. has modernized Washiburn's cam.pus, even dependency on foreign supplies. These high­ more than programmed before the tornado. er prices would, of course, offset the billion That students are appreciating advantages dollars. GREATER WASHBURN RISES offered by Topeka's municipal university is "The CRA report adopts the time-worn shown by enrollment forecast for this fall. argument of economic theorists that state It is expected to be 4,400--which would be proration encourages drilling of marginal HON. GARNER E. SHRIVER 1,178 more than the number attending the wells," Houchin cont1nued. "This argument OF KANSAS fall before the tornado. ignores the inherent risk in finding and de­ Washburn, undaunted, is moving ahead. veloping oil reserves. Few operators delib­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES erately drill marginal wells and no one in­ Wednesday, September 10, 1969 tentionally drills a dry hole. It ls not nor­ mally possible to determine until after a Mr. SHRIVER. Mr. Speaker, many NINTH ANNUAL QUESTIONNAIRE well is drilled whether it will be good, mar­ Members of Congress are aware of the RESULTS g1nal or dry,'' Houchin stated. "Abandonment devastating toll in lives and property of prorationing would not only result in taken by tornadoes and hurricanes each wasteful use of oil and gas, but would vir­ year in our Nation. In 1966 a killer HON. JAMES HARVEY tually wipe out the small, independent pro­ tornado ripped through Topeka, Kans. OF MICHIGAN ducers who are so vital because they dis­ cover most of the new petroleum supplies While great damage was suffered IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES in our nation,'' he added. throughout the capital city, a crippling Wednesday, September 10, 1969 The Charles River study also does not give blow was dealt Washburn University. consideration to the cost to consumers re­ Nearly all of the older buildings on the Mr. HARVEY. Mr. Speaker, I am again sulting from reduced production of natural Washburn campus were demolished. taking this opportunity to further re­ gas which would result from eliminating im­ However, the university has survived port on our annual congressional ques­ port controls, accord1ng to Houchin. "Some and indeed has grown in the months fol­ tionnaire conducted throughout the 25 percent to 30 percent of gas produced in lowing that terrible disaster. New build­ Eighth Congressional District of Michi­ the U.S. is oil well gas, much of which would ings have risen to take the place of the gan. This was the ninth consecutive be lost as a result of eliminating import questionnaire, and I am pleased that controls,'' Houchin concluded. old, and students in greater numbers have been attracted to Washburn. In­ interest and participation in this oppor­ cidentally, on Saturday, September 27, tunity to vote on issues of major impor­ the Washburn Law School of which I am tance remains high. HAROLD A. PATTEN an alumnus, will dedicate a new law I am further indebted to the weekly school building. and daily newspapers throughout the The recovery and restoration of Wash­ district which devoted considerable space HON. ROBE.RT L. F. SIKES burn University results from the untiring to the questionnaire and, in most in­ OF FLORIDA efforts of its administration and board stances, even published the IO-question IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES of regents with the wholehearted coop­ ballot. This type of public service en­ Monday, September 8, 1969 eration of the public, and assistance from ables us to make absolutely certain that both private and public sources. every citizen has the opportunity to par­ Mr. SIKES. Mr. Speaker, I am hon­ I include in the RECORD the following ticipate and to make his views known. ored to join with my colleagues in pay­ editorial from the Topeka, Kans., Daily The results, which are listed below ing special tribute to our esteemed friend Capital which discusses Washburn Uni­ along with the questions, are based on and distinguished former colleague, the versity's progress. The editorial follows: the tabulation of approximately 10,000 late Harold A. Patten, who passed away returns. It is likely that over 15,000 in­ on September 6. He was a warm and GREATER WASHBURN RISES dividuals took the time to vote. genuine human being who spent much The sounds of construction con11inue on The results are: of his life in the service of his fellow Washburn University's campus, marking progress be1ng made since the 1966 tornado 9TH ANNUAL QUESTIONNAIRE RESULTS man and his country. ripped it apart. As we pause to honor the memory of As classes open with greater enrollment the gentleman who so ably represented Sept. 8, another new building will go 1nto Yes No the First District of Arizona for 6 years use for the first time and work has been in this Chamber, from 1948 to 1954, we started on still another, which, when com­ 1. If the Paris peace talks do not progress, pleted 1n a couple of years, should make do you favor: recall the accomplishments of this very a. Gradual withdrawal of all U.S. possible removal of the temporary classroom forces in Vietnam regardless of able legislator. buildings. enemy reaction?. ______4,211 5,843 "Porque" Patten, as we affectionately The new law school building, to be occu­ b. Gradual withdrawal only an a knew him, served with distinction on pied this fall for the first time, will be dedi­ mutual basis?______3, 911 6, 134 c. lntensifyingthewareffortL _____ 2,335 7,710 the Committee on Armed Services and cated in three-day ceremonies ending Satur­ 2. Do you favor President Nixon's proposal the Committee on Veterans' Affairs. As day, Sept. 27, when U.S. Supreme Court to deploy the antiballistic missile sys­ such he was a most effective man. Justice Byron R. White is scheduled to speak. tem around 2 ICBM sites, to safeguard A good start has been made on the Learn­ our nuclear deterrent? ______6, 123 3, 922 He was also a very active member of 3. Would you favor U.S. support for adm is- ing Resourees Center, estimated for comple­ sion of Red China to the United Na- the Air Force Reserve, who went on ac­ tion 1n 1971. It will house numerous classes, tions?______3,512 6,533 tive duty every year. He was very proud including those to meet this fall 1n the 4. Are you satisfied with the performance of of his commission and of his connection temporary buildings. the United Nations? ______2, 091 7,954 5. Would you favor a constitutional amend­ With the Air Force. Until then three clusters of metal build­ ment which would allow Congress to The confidence of the thousands of ings along 17th-Crane, Boswell a.nd Mac­ override a U.S. Supreme Court decision constituents who elected Harold Patten Vicar Villages--will house classes in psychol­ bya % vote? . ______6, 513 3,532 ogy, sociology, business and economics, and 6. Should the electoral college be abolished to the 81st, 82d, and 83d Congresses was and the election of the President and classroom work 1n physical education. Vice President be accomplished by not misplaced. He was dedicated to the The new Fine Arts Building, used and en­ popularvote? ....•.•...... ______8,486 1, 558 highest ideals of public service and to our 7. Should the voting age be lowered to 18 joyed for the first time last spring, adds years? . _. ______.. ______.•• 3, 489 6, 556 American democratic system. He was beauty to the cam.pus 1n addition to pro­ 8. Should Federal financial assistance be never too big to do a little thing-never viding some of the finest auditoriums and withheld from those students who dis­ too busy to help when help was asked, classrooms in th.e Middle West. rupt the academic operations of col- Mos·t of the scars of the storm have been leges and universities? _. ______9, 313 never too worried or preoccupied with his 9. Should the farm program be changed to own affairs to spare a smile or a friendly erased 1n the 39 months since it demolished gradually reduce dependence on nearly all of Washbuxn's older buildings. price supports?______7,994 greeting to visitors in his office. Within a short time after the debrls had 10. Do you favo r converting the Post Office Seldom does one :find a man of this been cleared away, the Memorial Union addi­ Depa rtment into a Government­ owned corporation to operate on a stature so wholeheartedly dedicated and tion was c01npleted, as were the west wing self-supporting basis? ______7,424 2, 618 responsive to the needs of people he of Morgan Hall and repairs to Stoffer Science 25090 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 10, 1969 IRISH CATHOLICS BEMOAN YEARS patter as the shields deflected the shower throwing stones and there were reports of OF SECOND CLASS CITIZENSHIP of rocks. This continued all day. soldiers and rebels sharing canteens of tea) . Headquarters for the rebels is a nine-story Dorman Mala,chy told us how things will apartment building which houses the leaders, never be the same in Northern Ireland now HON. CHARLES W. SANDMAN civil rights supporters and such protagonists that the events in Derry and Belfast have OF NEW JERSEY of the Catholic position as pretty brownette centered world attention on the situation. Bernadette Devlin-a member of the British Earlier, John Hume, civil rights leader and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES (Westminster) Parliament. From its roof member of the North Ireland Parliament, ex­ Wednesday, September 10, 1969 flies the Tricolor of the Republic of Ireland. pressed the same conviction. Hume, who like They briefly flew the Stars and Stripes of the Martin Luther King has pressed for non­ Mr. SANDMAN. Mr. Speaker, in recent United States, as a tribute. violence among his followers, told of attacks weeks various stories concerning the re­ Today;· all of the Apprentice Boys have on Catholic homes by mobs who threw petrol bellion in Northern Ireland have ap­ gone home while Derrymen, and neighbors, bombs in windows. In Ku Klu Klan fashion, peared in the press. I am pleased to share fight among themselves. Paisleyits (named the night riders have also affixed warnings to with my distinguished colleagues a first­ for the extremist anti-Catholic Rev. Ian the doors of Catholic workers' homes. Paisley} support the police and have been Yet, Hume holds that much of the problem hand account of the situation as reported blamed for burning a Catholic-owned fac­ in Derry and Northern Ireland is economic. to the Vineland Times J oumal, Vineland, tory. The rebels, however, had been getting Religious bigotry simply exacerbates the situ­ N.J., by Cyril J. O'Brien who covered the support and reinforcements from foreign stu­ ation. story while vacationing in Ireland at the dents out of Belfast and a few that dribbled Of course, the matter of a United Ireland time of the outbreak: up from the South. is always on the minds of many of the IRISH CATHOLICS BEMOAN YEARS OF SECOND "Tell them back in the States," said Oak­ Catholic majority. However, Hume sees no CLASS CITIZENSHIP ley, "that all we want is one man, one vote imminence of a united nation. It may come some time, he holds, when, economically (By Cyril J. O'Brien) . . . that there should be a house for every family, Catholic or Protestant ..." feasible and agreeable to the majority. Many DERRY, NORTH IRELAND.-"We a.re treated "Is that too much to ask?" queried a liberal Protestants and civil rights activists worse than the Black Man in some parts of blond fellow who had a steel helmet he had who are strong for the equality of all in North the United States." wrested from the police. Ireland are not impressed with the political The young man who said that was about "Here, I want you to meet Herbert." Oak­ aspects of national unity. 22, dressed in soiled tweed coat he had slept ley joined in again. "He lost an eye to the Back at the barricades, it was obvious that in for two nights, a.nd he carried an axe police." the gap between Derrymen will exist a long handle. He would not give his name because Herbert Francis McCauley, 24, with his time. "I've been in jail too many times already shaggy red hair and his tweed coat turned A rosy cheeked constable pulled up the .. . " for civil defiance. up at the collar, was the protot ype of the visor on his steel helmet and shook his But because I was an American the rebel Hollywood IRA man of the troubles with the head at the fury of it all. He and his col­ barricade was let down and the young sen­ Black and Tans following 1916. leagues seemed much restrained in light of try and a compatriot named Francis Oakley "They kicked it out in the Victoria -(po­ the Bogside accusations that they had in­ let us across the rampart of steel rimmed beer lice} barracks," the young man said, brush­ vaded Catholic homes without provocation. barrels, scaffolding and debris. ing his hand across a false eye that looked Asked how he felt about getting the brunt Inside was Bogside, the Catholic ghetto too small for its red-rimmed socket. of attacks from both sides on the Derry of this ancient walled city. Although the ma­ Another flurry of stones and steps and confrontatlons: jority population, they had been bound to "Not both sides," he made very clear. their inferior housing for half a century by most of the crowd around me moved to the wide alley off William st. where the battle "We've got only one enemy-and he's there." blatant prejudice, job inequality a.nd gerry­ And he pointed to the Bogside. mandered voting districts. line had been drawn. Now they were tired of successive city "See we use rocks, not guns ... ," one administrations which spurned appeals youngster explained. He demonstra!ted by a and maintained a special sectarian auxiliary running throw in the direction of the police. SPOTLIGHT ON BRUTALITY police force called "B-Specials" to uphold Another had no such aversion to firearms : the establishment. "If we had guns it would be all over by now In their soft Irish voices the young men . . ." However, in an earlier skirmish an . HON. OLIN E. TEAGUE explained what they wanted told across the armored police van had been burned which OF TEXAS sea: how employers ask the school you at­ contained rifles and Bren guns-and not a IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tended to scratch Catholic applicants; how one had been removed. an archaic property-based voting system dis­ "Mind now," said Oakley, "we are fighting Wednesday, September 10, 1969 enfranchises the poor-Protestants and Cath­ for our homes, our women and our children. Mr. TEAGUE of Texas. Mr. Speaker, olics alike. The police should go and leave us alone. The the Saiturday, September 6, edition of the The young men, in their rumpled suits men, women and children here did nothing Evening star carried· an editorial relat­ with sleep-starved eyes, crowded around in to the police. But they make our homes a relaxed poses, holding their cudgels like walk­ battleground. Why don't they go away?" ing to our prisoners of war in North Viet­ ing sticks and pocketing the egg-sized "Last night," said Charles Meehan, "they nam and the treatment they are receiv­ cobblestones they had been heaving to keep came, 500 of them, and the police did not a ing from their captors. the constabulary out of the Bogside. thing to stop them. They were Paisleyites, I have been very active with a group For two days now they had been holding bigots, full of hate and they fought for four of wives and families of these prisoners off the RJoyal Ulster Oonstabulary which they hours to get at the Cathedral . . . The police of war in the last several months in an considered a sectarian body which sided with even helped them with tear gas ... But effort to bring public opinion to bear the anti-Catholic extremists. they never got to the church . . . They did throughout the world on the North Viet­ The trouble had started Monday, Aug. 12, not." when more than 12,000 of the Ora.nge Ap­ namese with the hopes that it will prentice Boys organdzatlon came here from "There's the flag, we are fighting for," said change their attitudes toward the treat­ all over Ireland and from Scotland to march another young fellow who grabbed the lapel ment our men are receiving as well as around the Derry walls. They s-a.ng provoca­ of my coat. force them into releasing information on tive anti-Catholic songs and then walked He pointed to the brazen Tricolor over the them and seeing to it that they are along the Bogside ghetto. Then on-lookers Derry apartment building. It countered the came out to pelt the marchers. The police m any Union Jacks which extremists often treated under the terms of the Geneva then pushed the Bogsiders back into their hoist in defiance of the Nationalists (who Convention. enclaves, aided by a swarm of Paisleyites want union with the South) as much as a The editorial follows: ~o were around for just an event and about nod to Great Britain. SPOTLIGHT ON BRUTALITY 300 of the Apprentice Boys themselves. Oakley, McCauley and the unnamed others The press conference of Lieutenant Robert However, the police stopped at the fringe who came around told how they considered Frishman and Postal Clerk Douglas Hegdahl of the Bogside a.s the people insa.de the the arrival of British troops a victory. It at Bethesda Naval Hospital marks a new ghettx:> returned with a barrage of stones and would show the world, they felt, that the phase in this government's approach to the petrol bombs (Molotov oocktails). Northern government could no longer main­ prisoner of war problem. The bombs were being made by a "factm-y" tain control. Their contempt for police is Hitherto, administration spokesmen have of young girls, boys and older women. that the constabulary ls not an impartial bitten their tongues and gone along with This battle for the Bogside was in its sec­ force. the falsehood th.rat the North Vietnamete ond day when the "rebels" let me through "It can only do us good," said McCauley. were treating American POWs in a huma.ne t h eir barricade. "It will be a moral victory at least. The way. The object of thls restraint was to avoid A block away from our flanking position British troops will not be on one side." possible retaliatory action against millitary came the sounds of falling rocks and the (As this story was being written Thursday, men still in captivity. scramble of feet and rattlie of shields as the the arrival of British troops in Derry was But, cleairly, this policy has counted for RUC's charged. There followed the hail like announ ced. The Bogsiders have stopped nil with the ha.rd.hearted leadership of Hanoi. September 10, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25091 Not only have the North Vietnamese con­ Gibson County for 55 years. He served as Besides his wife the specialist leaves his tinued to deal out beatings and other tor­ chairman of the committee from 1951 to 1968. mother, Mrs. Omega Martin, Alexandria, and ture as a routine affair. They also have re­ In recognition of the many years of service two brothers, Robert, Alexandria, and Wil­ jected all appeals to announce the names of of Mr. Berry, the Legislature of the State of liam, Covington. their prisoners-which means thait relations Tennessee voted unanimously to name the The death of the helicopter crewman and friends have no way of knoWing whether bridge over GM & O Railroad on South Main marked the 102nd casualty for Northern these men are alive or dead. Further, the Street in Dyer the "Charley C. Berry Bridge." Kentucky and Kenton County's 40th. prisoners are denied their basic rights under The Legislature further directed the State the Geneva Protocol to receive mail from Highway Department to keep the bridge so home and to have access to competent medi­ posted forever. PROPOSALS PRESENTED BY THE cal care. Mr. Charley was a steward in the First OREGON STATE LEGISLATURE It was in these grim circumsta.nces, then, Methodist Church for sixty years. He was a that Lieutellralll t Frishman and Seaman member of the Sons of the American Revo- Hegdahl fulfilled their pledge to their 1u tion, the Dyer Lions Club, and had been a member of the Masonic Lodge since 1914. HON. EDITH GREEN buddies back at the camp to reveal now bru­ OF OREGON tal their trea.tmenit at North Vietnamese Mr. Charley's death leaves a great void in hands really has been. They spoke of l::lOlltary Gibson County politics. There are few who IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES have come our way who have left a greater confinement in broiling human ovens, :fiend­ Wednesday, September 10, 1969 ish tortures such as exposure to swarms of heritage. He had undoubtedly done more mosquitoes and the yanking off of finger­ things for more people than any man in Gib­ Mrs. GREEN of Oregon. Mr. Speaker, nails, callous disregard Olf injuries, and worse. son County. He will be sorely missed by all developing the harbor, recreation, and They told their story, moreover, in the cer­ of us. land transportation facilities of the Pa­ tain knowledge that their luckless comrades cific Northwest are concerns which hold will get an extra ration of the same. ERLANGER SOLDIER KILLED importaince for the future growth of this Perhaps the harsh glare of publicity will country. shame the North Vietnamese to modify their unspeakable behavior toward their charges. Aware of this, the Oregon State Legis­ In any event, this shift in approach is worth HON. M. G. (GENE) SNYDER lature recently passed a number of joint a try. OF KENTUCKY memorial resolutions advising a-etion by IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the National Congress. The proposals are presented here for consideration by my Wednesday, September 10, 1969 "MR. DEMOCRAT OF GIBSON fellow colleagues: COUNTY" PASSES Mr. SNYDER. Mr. Speaker, on Satur­ SENATE JOINT MEMORIAL 2 day, August 16, Mrs. Marion L. Zipp re­ To His Excellency, the Honorable President ceived notice that her husband SP/4 of the United States, and to the Honor­ HON. ED JONES Marion L. Zipp had been killed when the able Senate and House of Representa­ OF TENNESSEE helicopter in which he was riding was tives of the United States of America, in Congress assembled: IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES shot down by enemy fire. Marion Zipp thus becomes another of We, your memortalist.s, the Fifty-fifth Wednesday, September 10, 1969 the valiant men who has given his life Legislative Assembly of the state of Oregon, in defense of his country and in pro­ in legi.sla.tive session assembled, most respect­ Mr. JONES of Tennessee. Mr. Speaker, fully represerut as follows: one of the "grand old men" of west tecting the free world. Whereas the Port Olf Ooos Bay, Oregon, is Tennessee, Mr. Charley C. Berry, died The sympathy of thousands of other one of the great natural port sites on the on Monday, August 25, 1969, at the age families who have paid this sacrifice west coast of North America; and of 89. His life is such an outstanding ex­ goes out to Mrs. Zipp and the Zipp fam­ Whereas full development of this port will ample of service that I feel it should be ily. To them also goes the sincere grati­ crealte new heavy manufacturing and other brought to the attention of my colleagues tude of those of us whom Marion died industries and encourage the growth of exist­ protecting. ing manufacturing, distributing and con­ and the Nation. I would, therefore, like struction industries, provide full and fair to insert the fallowing tribute to my The Kentucky Post article of Aug­ employment and insure a better life for all warm friend, Mr. Charley, which was ust 18, written by Burl Russell, which in this area and provide Oregon and the west written by Don E. Chevalia, now chair­ reports the loss of the 102d upper Blue­ coast Olf North America with an additional man of the division of social studies and grass soldier to the war in Vietnam, major access to world trade and the ocean's education at Jackson State Community follows: wealth; now, therefore, College in Jackson, Tenn. As a young VIET SHOOT DOWN 'COPTER AND KILL Be It Resolved by the Legislative Assembly of man, Don Chevalia grew up in Mr. Char­ ERLANGER SOLDIER the State of Oregon: ( 1) The President of the United States ley's hometown of Dyer, Tenn., and loved (By Burl Russell) and the Oongress of the United States a.re and admired him as we all have through "Honey, you can circle Dec. 12 on your memorialized to: the years. calendar and start counting the days. That's (a) Institute a plan to develop the Port Olf The article fallows: the day I'll be leaving Vietnam." Ooos Bay, Oregon, into a major world sea­ This was part of letter received Saturday A TRIBUTE TO "MR. DEMOCRAT OF GmsoN a port. by Mrs. Helen ZLpp, 459 Buckner street, Els­ COUNTY, TENN." (b) Coordinate all federal agencies toward mere, from her husband, Sp. 4 Marlon L. development of this pla.n, including the (By Don E. Chevalla} Zlipp, 23. agencies involved in commerce, atomic power Mr. Charley C. Berry, former Mayor of But she won't circle Dec. 12. generation, oceanography, geology and min­ Dyer, Tennessee, died Monday, August 25, Instead she will have emblazoned in her eral recovery, outdoor recreation, timber 1969. "Mr. Charley", as he was affectionately memory Saturday, Aug. 16, the day she re­ management and sale, highway, rail and called by his friends, was 89. ceived the letter. water transport, polluti()(Il control, fish and Mr. Charley was known far and wide as At 8 a.m. just hours before, an Army ser­ wild life habitat, and developmenal :finance. "Mr. Democrat of Gibson County" because of geant knocked on the door. (c) Cooperate with private businessmen his unswerving loyalty to the Democratic "Are you Mrs. Zipp?" he asked. and investors and with state and local gov­ Party. He developed his party interest in "When I told him yes, he said it very ernmental agencies including the port com­ 1896, when as a boy of 16 he heard William quickly: "Your husband has been killed," missioners of the Ports of Coos Bay and Ban­ Jennings Bryan, Democratic nominee for she recalled. don and the county commissioners of Coos President of the United States, speak in The soldier was a. crewman aboard a troop­ Oounty in providmg aggressive but orderly Humboldt, Tennessee. carrier helicopter. It was coming in for a comprehensive development of the port site, His personal political career began in 1916, landing at Da Nang airstrip when shot down the estuarine and ocean resources and the when he was appointed postmaster at Dyer by the enemy. industrial potential of the area; and by President Woodrow Wilson. He held this "It was not the first time he had had a ( d) Adopt a program to provide sufficient position for eight years. He served a total of brush with death," his wife said. "He wrote funds for the esrtabllshment of atomic power sixteen years in the trustee's office in Gibson that about three months ago he was walking generation facilities, improvement of the County, from 1932 to 1947. In 1947, he was at Da Nang with a friend when a mortar existing highway system from the port in­ elected Mayor of Dyer and was re-elected attack came. land to the W1llamette Valley with long­ nine times by his fellow townsmen. Because "The friend was killed." range plans to create a new direct freeway of failing health, he declined to seek re-elec­ He had been in Vietnam since Dec. 10, route inland and other such developments tion in 1967. and in the army since July 5, 1967. He was that will promote access to and facilHJes for While serving on various boardS and in a graduate of Campbell County High School. the Port of Coos Bay. various offices, Mr. Charley remained loyal to The letter Mrs. Zipp received after she ( 2) A copy of this memorial shall be trans­ and active in his party. He was a member learned of his death stated "I'll be coming mitted to the President of the United states, of the Democratic Executive Committee of out of the field any day now." each member of the Oregon Congressional 25092 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 10, 1969 Delegation, the Secretary of Transportation, mer tourist season, by reason of which tory. The picture for 1969 shows projects es­ the Secretary of Interior, the Secretary of Timberline Lodge has become and is one of timated a.t $33 million to be completed or Agriculture, the Secretary of Commerce, the the outstandlng tourist attractions of the started during the year. Director of the Bureau of Public Roads, the State of Oregon; and Biggest of the jobs slated to begin this Bonnevme Power Administration, the United Whereas the facilities of Timberline Lodge year will be the $8.5 million New York State States Army Corps of Engineers and the Fed­ for some time have not been adequate to pro­ Office Building at Washington-Sterling­ eral Power Oom.mission. vide proper recreation facilities for such ex­ Academy streets. Second comes the $4.25 mil­ tensive use by the public; and lion Mercy Hospital community mental SENATE JOINT MEMORIAL 7 Whereas Timberline Lodge also lacks many health project, followed in size by the pro­ To the Honorabl,e Senate and House of Repre­ vital service facilities needed for an economic, posed $3 million elementary public school sentatives of the United States of Amer­ businesslike resort accommodation; and complex. ica, in Congress assembled: Whereas the United States Forest Service A $2.6 million high-rise, 16-story federally sponsored apartment building for senior We, your memorialists, the Fifty-fifth Leg­ has undertaken studies and prepared detailed islative Assembly of the State of Oregon, in plans for improvements and additions to the citizens is scheduled to be started this year, legislative session assembled, most respect­ present facilities of Timberline Lodge; and along with the first of three commercial Whereas it has come to the attention of the complexes of the city's $11 million Court­ fully represent a.s follows: Arsenal streets urban renewal development. Whereas the Federal Government has es­ Legislative Assembly of the State of Oregon that consideration is now being given by the Million dollar projects wm be fairly com­ tablished and is assisting the several states mon this year as a.t lea.st eight other projects in the construction of the National System of Congress of the United States to providing funds for the implementation of such studies of this magnitude a.re initiated. Interstate a.nd Defense Highways; and In looking ahead, one mustn't overlook Whereas the National System of Interstate and plans by the construction of additional and Defense Highways is designed to connect facilities and improvements; and Watertown's stake in the mushrooming principal metropolitan areas, cities and in­ Whereas the citizens of the State of Oregon tourist business. Only a. "stone's throw" from and the members of the Legislative Assembly the Thousand Islands area a.nd the Canadian dustrial centers, to serve the national de­ border, less than 30 miles from the St. Law­ fense; and believe that the best interests of the general Whereas Astoria, because of its strategic lo­ public and of the United States would be rence Sea.way and only 100 miles from the cation, has served and is serving military es­ promoted by the construction of the addi­ St. Lawrence Development, Watertown stands tablishments, business, industry and recrea­ tional public recreation facilities at Timber­ to reap a good share of the benefits as hun­ tion on the Coast of Oregon, is a. center for line Lodge proposed by the United States dreds of thousands of outdoor-minded business and industry from a large area. of the Forest Service; now, therefore, Americans and Canadians pass through the coast with substantial new industries now Be It Resolved by the Legislative Assembly of city en route to vacation havens. locating in the ar:m and even greater poten­ the State of Oregon: A prosperous city of 34,000 population sit­ tial for expansion and development since the (1) The Congress of the United States arid uated in the heart of Jefferson County, "New opening of the Astoria Bridge on the Colum­ the United States Forest Service are urged to York State's vacationland." Watertown can bia. River, is a recreation center for Oregon take all necessary steps to construct the addi­ rightfully take pride in its colorful history, and the Pacific Northwest, is the base of a tional facilities a.nd improvements at Timber­ its industrial growth and its burgeoning Job Corps Center and the location of a new line Lodge within the Mount Hood National economy, but by far its most important United States Coast Guard installation; and Forest in the State of Oregon as proposed by asset is its people. From the business ex­ Whereas United States Highway No. 30 ex­ the United States Forest Service. ecutive to the policeman on the corner of tends between Astoria and Portland and (2) A copy of this memorial shall be trans­ Public Square, the service station attendant Portland is on Interstate Highway No. 80 mitted to the President of the United States and store clerk do more to "sell" Watertown North and the designation of this part of to the Secretary of the Department of Agri~ and the nearby resort area than all the United States Highway No. 30 as part of the culture and to each member of the Oregon posters and brochures. They always have National System of Interstate and Defense Congressional Delegation. time for a friendly greeting and are quick Highways would complete the route to the to sing the praises of "their city." Pacific Coast; now, therefore, This has been especially true during the Be It Resolved by the Legislative Assembly Centennial observance. It's safe to assume CITY OF WATERTOWN, N.Y., CELE­ that 99 per cent of the populace have iden­ of the State of Oregon: BRATES ITS lOOTH YEAR (1) The Congress of the United States is tified with the Centennial and have become memorialized to direct the Secretary of self-appointed promoters. This highly suc­ cessful yet surprisingly inexpensive venture Transportation, acting in cooperation with the Oregon State Highway Department, to HON. ROBERT C. McEWEN has taken the city and surrounding area by designate as pa.rt of the National System of OF NEW YORK storm. The idea for the Centennial Celebration Interstate and Defense Highways that por­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tion of United States Highway No. 30 which was first broached by Mayor Ted Rand and extends between Astoria and Portland, Wednesday, September 10, 1969 got off to a flying start when the Common Council designated two community-minded Oregon. Mr. McEWEN. Mr. Speaker, the city of citizens, Richard M. Hollenbeck, sales rep­ ( 2) A copy of this memorial shall be trans­ Watertown, N.Y., is celebrating its lOOth mitted to the Secretary of Transportation resentative for Niagara Mohawk Power Cor­ a.nd to each member of the Oregon Congres­ anniversary this year. The city has been poration and Tony C. Malara, manager of sional Delegation and to the Oregon State recognized in the July-August issue of Radio Station WWNY as co-chairmen of Highway Commission. the Industrial Bulletin of the New York the Centennial Committee. State Department of Labor in an article Their initial step was the appointment of an Executive Committee and monthly chair­ SENATE Jou.."T MEMORIAL 9 entitled "Watertown's Centennial Year men to organize the special programs and To the Honorable Senate and House of Repre­ Bright Future Seen for Garland City.': activities to be held each month throughout sentatives of the United States of Amer­ Because the story is well written, and the year. ica, in Congress assembled, and to the because it so accurately describes the From the outset, this has been a labor of Honorable Secretary of Agriculture: exciting atmosphere of the centennial love for key personnel and the hundreds of We, your memorlalists, the Fifty-fifth year, I would like to share it with my citizens who either volunteered or were re­ Legislative Assembly of the State of Oregon, cruited for this gigantic project. In legislative session assembled, most respect­ colleagues. The article follows: According to Dick Hollenbeck, upwards of fully represent as follows: WATERTOWN'S CENTENNIAL YEAR, BRIGHT 1,500 people are working on the Centennial. Whereas the United States of America con­ FUTURE SEEN FOR "GARLAND CITY" "Cooperation has been nothing short of structed Timberline Lodge as a public "A proud heritage-a bright future" ... phenomena.I." recreation facllity In 1937 at the 6,000 foot The bustling city of Watertown, heralded Hollenbeck is immensely proud of the fact elevation on the slopes of Mount Hood within as the International Shopping Center of that this is strictly a "do-it-yourself" proj­ the boundaries of the Mount Hood National Northern New York and "the Gateway to ect. "We felt that we could save a lot of Forest in the State of Oregon, at a distance the Thousand Islands," could not have se­ money and do as good a job of promoting of approximately 60 miles from Portland, lected a more perfect theme for its year­ this Centennial as could any of the profes­ Oregon; and long Centennial celebration. From the es­ sional promotion outfits, and I think we've Whereas Timberline Lodge is under the tablishment of the settlement on the shores proven our point." administrat ion of the United States Forest of Black River some 169 years ago by a. Members of the upper echelon are easily Service and has been operated since 1937 for handful of far-sighted pioneers, who fore­ identifl.able at Centennial functions and on the benefit of the public as a recreation saw its development as an industrial and the streets of Watertown in thelr bright red facllity; and business cent er, Watertown has enjoyed a. blazers carrying the Centennial patch. Whereas Timberline Lodge has been called proud herit age. Among the more important aspects of the the world's most magnificent wooden struc­ And as far as the fut ure is concerned, the celebration has been the publishing of an ture and is one of the outstanding archi­ prospect s have never been brighter, what impressively-done Centennial magazine, 10,- tectural wonders in the United States; and with expansion of existing industries and 000 copies of which will be given away free Whereas in excess of 600,000 members of the businesses and the building of new plants­ to Watertown residents. public annually visit Timberline Lodge, both all part of what is being described as the In addition, heritage plaques have been during the winter skiing season and the sum- greatest building boom in the city's his- placed on more than 40 city landmarks that September 10, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25093 are 100 or more years old. For the souvenir The fountain was originally set up during labor shortage. . . . In the past, there have seekers, the committee has provided hun­ the administration of Joseph Mullin. It was been very few times when we have experi­ dreds of silver coins retailing at $7.50 and originally dubbed "Cary's Punch Bowl" be­ enced a lack of workers. The possible excep­ several thousand brass coins at $1.50. cause it was 'advocated by Benjamin Oary, a tion would be in July and August and would For the younger set, coloring books de­ member of the village board of trustees. involve those with special skills." picting the history of Watertown have been In the early morning hours of August 22, "When these jobs are ready to go," Frey made available. 1959, it was knocked down by two reveling says, "we will be able to scour the 14-county By far the biggest attraction is the huge out-of-town firemen. The two men told area covered by the Adirondack and Vicinity birthday cake on display in Public Square. police they climbed to the top of the 15-foot District Council . . . we have a big area to The three-tiered "cake," 16-feet square, is high fountain "to see where the water came draw from." made of fiber glass and cheese cloth and is from." Frey, who has been business agent of Local the handiwork of carpentry students a.t Jef­ The lion's sh.are of the credit for restoring 278 for 17 years, maintains his office in the ferson Vocational-Technical Center. The cake the fountain which was dedicated on May 31, Watertown Labor Temple which houses the was unveiled Feb. 1 and was to have come 1960, went to officials of the New York Air following organizations: Adirondack Carpen­ down after one month. However, it generated Brake Company and representatives of Local ters Pension Fund; Adirondack Carpenters so much interest that it was decided to leave 78, Internation'al Molders & Foundry Workers Welfare Fund; Building and Construction it up for the duration of the celebration. of North America, ~IO, who donated Trades Council; United Brotherhood of Car­ "It's been repainted once," says Dick HoZ­ labor and material for the project. It was penters and Joiners of America; Interna­ Zenbeck, "and is in surprisingly good condi­ decided that the new fountain would be tional Brotherhood of Electrical Workers tion, considering the weather, etc. That cake constructed of cast iron sections molded Local 910, AFL-CIO; Jefferson, Lewis and St. cost us only $165 but has given us thousands from parts of the original structure. Lawrence Counties Central Trades and Labor of dollars worth of publicity." Two men who were deeply involved in Council, ~IO; Plumbers and Steam Fit­ As for the monthly programs, it has been Local 78's restoration effort nine years ago ters Local 117, AFL-CIO; Laborers Union Lo­ and will continue to be one special event are still active in the union at Air Brake: cal 322, ~IO, and the Truck Drivers and right after another, including band concerts, Antonio Castro, then president of Local 78 Helpers Local 687. parades, exhibits of century old articles and and Clarence Pringle, corresponding secretary The multi-million dollars worth of physi­ materials, barbershop concert.s, essay con­ who was then vice president. cal assets now invested in Watertown, the tests, a.rt shows, historical pageants, visits Ea,rly in the 1920's, Watertown business­ additional milli·ons committed to expansion by the mayors of Watertown, South Dakota. men united with village leaders to advertise and new construction by governmental agen­ and Watertown, Mass., etc. the Thousand Islands on a regional basis cies and private business, combined with the Long known as the "Garland City" and as through a single agency. This was the begin­ organized effort now directed toward creat­ the metropolis of Northern New York, Water­ ning of a long continuing effort on the pa.rt ing more industrial employment opportuni­ town is actually commemorating the lOOth of Watertown to promote the tourist and ties combine to assure a bright future for anniversary of its becoming a.n incorporated vacation business within its trade territory. Watertown. city on May 8, 1869. The next eventful project undertaken was The community has a balanced economy to get a State Regional Park Qom.mission based on small diversified industry a.nd trade established. to help boost the Thousand Is­ OUR ENVIRONMENT: COMMITMENT from a large dairy farming and resort region. lands area. Watertown civic leaders used OR COMPLACENCY Heavily contributing to the economy base their influence to have such a commission are several major industries which manufac­ created by Congressional legislation in 1932. ture pa.perms.king machinery, pa.per prod­ First chairman was Charles A. Winslow, a ucts and air brakes. past president of the Watertown Chamber HON. LOWELL P. WEICKER, JR. It has a. non-partisan City Council pre­ of OOmmerce, who later became mayor of the OF CONNECTICUT city. sided. over by the energetic mayor, Ted Rand, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES and city manager form of government. The Thousand Islands Park Commission In addition to its attractive downtown now has under its administration 17 well­ Wednesday, September 10, 1969 park area, known as Public Square. the city developed parks ranging from Sackets Har­ boasts of a fine developed park of 200 acres bor to Massena. Mr. WEICKER. Mr. Speaker, under tha.t features a zoo, swimming pool, golf The Thousand Islands Bridge was another leave to extend my remarks in the REC­ -course, etc. area asset promoted during the depression ORD, I include the following: A number of flourishing concerns were years. Watertown civic leaders, headed by OUR ENvmONMENT: COMMITMENT OR doing business in Watertown more tha.n 100 civil engineer William T. Field, successfully COMPLACENCY promoted the project of a bridge across the years a.go. These include the Agricultural (Keynote address by Congressman LOWELL P. Insurance Company, Knowlton Brothers, Inc., St. Lawrence at Collins Landing, to be built WEICK.ER, JR., 4th Distriot of Connecticut, Jefferson County Saving:, Bank, the Water­ and financed by a bridge authority whose before the Southwestern Connecticut Girl town Daily Times, the Woodruff Hotel, and members would be appointed by the county Scout Council Conference on Natural Re­ the James R. Miller Clothing Store. government. sources, Hartford, Conn., Monday, August Executive Secretary of the Bridge Author­ 11, 1969) Knowlton Brothers, Inc., manufacturers ity these many yea.rs is W. Grant Mitchell. of special industrial papers since 1804, is In Ohio, they say that anyone who falls Watertown's oldest industry. It ls the third The Authority's secretary is Clinton W. Marsh of Watertown, a member of the Centennial's into the Cuyahoga River does not drown. He oldest paper mill in the United States in Executive Committee. decays. This river caused a fire because of its uninterrupted operation on the same site. What about the labor picture? oil slick. Since 1808, when the firm's predecessor es­ Veterans in various building trades view The Potomac River reaches Washington as tablished the Pioneer Mill, Knowlton has the volume of construction in Watertown, a clear stream. It oozes from the area with been a. leader in the development of special stemming from 1969 starts, as the biggest 240 million gallons of waste per day. industrial papers. for any single period in the city's history. Yellow-brown is the color of the Charles Aside from Knowlton Brothers, the city's The package of local projects is expected to River in Boston. Sailboats in college regattas industrial community includes Black Claw­ provide at least three years of employment, seem to crawl, rather than drift over its son Manufacturing Company, Aco Machin­ almost on an uninterrupted level, for those murky depths. ery; New York Air Brake Company, a unit or in the building and allled trades. Of 62 beaches along Lake Erie's U.S. shores, Genera.I Signal Corporation, which has helped The man with his finger on the labor situ­ only 3 are rated completely safe for swim­ build the proud heritage of Jefferson County ation in Watertown is the highly respected ming. Even wading is unpleasant because over the last 78 yea.rs; Fisher-Gage, Inc., a Milton Frey, business manager of Carpenters 30,000 sludge worms may be found in each precision die-casting company that moved Local 278, AFI.r-GIO, president of the Central square yard Of lake bottom. from Ontario in 1964; Chesebrough-Pond's, Trades and Labor Council and secretary­ To breathe for half a day in New York Inc., Faichney Instrument Division, which is treasurer of the Adirondack and Vicinity City is similar to smoking a pack Of ciga­ presently building a new clinical thermom­ District Council of Carpenters of the United rettes. eter plant; Hall Ski-Lift Company; Bomax, Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners of Industries fill Lake Erie with 15 billion Inc., ma.nuf'actures of small electric motors, America. gallons of was~. The lake is being strangled a recent acquisition of Gould National Lead, "The outlook for employment is bright," by lack of oxygen. Weeds are the only form and others. says Frey, "taking into consideration the of life which survives. The city has many famous landmarks in­ possibility of problems caused by weather When you dive into Long Island Sound you cluding the Arcade and the century-old and delays in the urban renewal negotia­ are diving into 196 million gallons of wa-Ste dam at the Knowlton plant but perhaps the tions." that comes from 46 municipal pla.nts, 59 best known of them all is the ornamental As for labor-management relations in the industrial plants, and 7 federal installations fountain in Public Square which dates back Watertown area, Frey notes that the labor every day. to 1853 OT 1854. record has been good and "our relationship In many instances we have abused n81tural The fountain came close to disappearing with management has been equally as good." resources to the point where it is no longer from the scene in 1959, but was restored Frey doesn't share the opinion of some possible to repair the damage. This situation through the efforts of public spirited citizens area executives that the building boom will is a direct result of our nation's lack of will and offlciails and foundry workers at New bring about a shortage of labor in the build­ a.nd wisdom rather than a lack of ability to York Air Brake Company. ing and allied trades. "I do not foresee any solve these pollution problems. In our na- 25094 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 10, 1969 tional list of priorities, conservation of our of these areas is proceeding at an alarming needed over a five year period for municipal natural resources has always ranked low. rate: in the 12 year period 1943-1954, nearly and industrial waste treatment works and Clearly, what this country lacks is a resolute one million acres were drained and lost to sewer construction in order to launch a national commitment to solving the pollu­ marsh-wildlife production. When we un­ meaningful cleanup of our nation's water­ tion crisis. Nothing less than a total commit­ thinkingly plot the destruction of a wildlife ways. These estimates did not even include ment will solve the problems of dirty air, habitat, we are undermining the whole struc­ cleanup costs for dealing with problems of clogged rivers, inadequate waste treatment ture of one pa.rt of our natural resources. combined sewers, agricultural runoff, mine In the second area of land acquisition, we drainage, or oil pollution. Programs proposed and destruction of public lands. do not have a very bright picture. There by 40 states indicate that munioipal waste It's too easy to put off appropriating funds have been many bills concerned with parks handling investments from 1969 to 1973 to preserve our national resources. And we introduced into the House, but they have amount to 6 billion dollars, roughly equal to have been guilty of doililg so for too long. no financial muscle. In 1969, 15 million dol­ that spent during the last five years. At the Truthfully, our national attitudes are not lars less than requested was given to the Na­ same time, costs of plant expansion and much different from the attitudes we ex­ tional Park Service. The National Park Serv­ replacement have climbed by about 20 mil­ hibit at home. Given the choice of a new ice received one-half the amount it is sup­ lion dollars a year in the last four years and septic field or a color television set, the av­ posed to from the land and water fund. may exceed the costs of new plant construc­ erage American will opt for the tube. And Encouraging efforts have been made in-the tion during 1969. What this means is that if yet the future value of his home is much third area, air pollution. The Department of construction costs continue to rise as they mo~e dependent on that septic field than on Health, Education, and Welfare has set up a have in the past, and this seems likely, total the initial oohs and ahs of his friends view­ National center for air pollution control. An­ clean water costs are expected to amount to ing a Saturday night special. other good sign is the 96 million dollars ap­ 28 billion dollars in the next five years. The so the question must be asked as to propriated for the clean air act. Also, tax gap between what ls needed and what we are whether or not this generation of America1:5 incentives have been given for the control getting is frighteningly obvious. is interested in ·the future value of their of air pollution. In the fifth area, while man neglects his nation's natural resources and national Of course, I must confess to wondering natural resources he ls not the only one beauty and clean environment or whether why those that make the mess shouldn't who suffers. The wildlife of North America we will continue to indulge ourselves in clean it up without a carrot paid for by the is being pushed back as the wilderness dis­ an orgy of resource revelry. American people. Money for air pollution has appears. Many species have totally vanished What is the situation today? The tre­ increased from 5 to 32 million dollars for the from existence, and many more are in dan­ mendous growth of population and expan­ states to set standards in 70 air quality con­ ger. How many of you, if you have visited sion of industry have doubled the waste. trol regions. The major attack on air pollu­ National Park and Preserves, have seen al­ Less survives to be wondered at, while our tion in 1970 has been preceded by a 150 % ligator, panthers, eagles, wolves, and fal­ capacity for wonder is leapfrogging. You increase in state and local expenditures on cons? These are well known animals our and I just now can see tell-tales of past air pollution since 1965. In addition, 45 fathers and grandfathers once took for negligence. We can't let the problem slide states now have air pollution statutes com­ granted as part of their sun-oundings. Now by anymore. It could be that talk sufficed to pared with only 17 states before 1963. This many of these species exist only in zoos. In­ meet yesterday's commitment. But today, shows concern at the local level. However, deed, the time is not too far off when you will the distance has closed and we're standing federal research will be needed to provide be parents. But if we continue at this rate, eyeball to eyeball with the truth--and that the scientific basis for air quality standards your children may know these animals only is that our commitment must be in the and to develop more effective equipment to through textbooks, for they will have form of action and money. control air pollution. Emphasis will continue vanished from the scene. Our wildlife is an Traditionally, the Federal Government to be given to research and control activities indispensable part of our heritage and it has not played a large role in conservation. related to pollutants from automobiles which must be protected. I was shocked by a recent The citizen sector took the initiative. When account for approximately 60% of all air Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife Study sent to research expenditures, my staff pollution. With the increasing number of which listed 89 species of wildlife: 14 mam­ found it difficult to pinpoint Federal con­ automobiles on the road, carbon monoxide mals, 46 birds, 8 reptiles, 21 fish, which are servation spending before 1965. That's only in the air would be expected to increase 50 % now threatened with extinction. Equally 4 years. But waste and pollution problems by 1980, if left uncontrolled. New controls appalling is the long list of extinct species existed 10 years ago. They existed 50 years required by federal regulations on 1970 and which once were a part of the fauna of ago They have existed since the industrial 1971 model cars will prevent an increasing North America. rev~lution. Landmark conservation bills have amount of these harmful wastes from ever The picture is bleak, common sense tells been few and far between. The 79th ~n­ being emitted to the air. However, the con­ us that. But the Federal Government is be­ gress enacted the coordination act which trols alone will not be sufficient to achieve ginning to put its house in order so it can protected wildlife in connection with Fed­ the low level of auto exhaust emissions be­ adequately deal with environment control. eral drainage and water projects. Then the lieved necessary for health protection in our The President has recently created the 89th congress passed the Federal Pollution cities. Environment Quality Council. This council Control Law which provides benefits to The fourth area is water pollution. Some is a cabinet-level advisory group which will state and local communities. This also helps important legislation has occurred in this provide the focal point for this administra­ in protecting wildlife habitats in strea~, area. The water quality improvement act has tion's efforts to protect all of our natural lakes, marshes, and coastal waters. Legis­ passed the House and has been reported to resources. The Council will review existing lation has increased somewhat in recent the Senate. policy and suggest ways of improving it. In yea,rs The water Quality Act of 1965 was This bill would finance the building of other words, it's an effort to unite all the follo~d by the Clean Water Restoration Act municipal waste treatment plants. A 50 mil­ government operations into an efficient of 1966. lion dollar revolving fund to provide for coordinating body. The national interest is interlocked with financing effective waste removal would be A national policy must include the follow­ the problem of preserving natural resources. set up. The Secretary of the Interior would ing to be effective: First, environmental qual­ This makes it a federal, local, state, indus­ set up standards of performance for marine ity must be considered in a worldwide con­ trial, and individual responsibility. sanitation devices. text, extending in time from the present, far Federal financial commitment has been Practically every important water resource into the future. Second, purposeful, intelli­ minute in the past. In 1967, only 2% of the in this country is polluted to some degree. gent management to recognize and accommo­ federal budget was spent on natural re­ No one can say just how much it will cost date the conflicting uses of our environment sources. In 1968, it dropped to 1.9 % . And in to clean up the naition's polluted waters and must be a national responsibility. Third, in­ 1969, stm only 1.9 % of the federal budget was to keep the still-clean waters from becoming formation required for systematic manage­ spent on natural resources. polluted. At today's prices, the bill could ment must be provided in a complete and The past few years have not been encour­ run as high as a hundred billion dollars. timely manner. Fourth, educational efforts aging. Specific federal programs would be When we shortchange water pollution con­ developing are essential in indivtdua.l citizen more meaningful if they had sufficient funds. trol, we have agreed to give our children a understanding and appreciation of environ­ There are five prime areas of conserva­ toilet bowl, rather than the clear spring that mental relationships and participation in de­ tion: wetlands reclamation and land ac­ was left to us. cision making on these issues. And finally, quisition, air pollution, water pollution, and In the Department of the Interior, for science and technology must proVide man­ wildlife preservation. example, the 1969 budget for the Federal agement with increased options and capabil­ wetlands reclamation received attention Water Pollution Control Administration for ities for enhanced productivity and construc­ in the 90th Congress. This attention was all waste treatment plants was 214 million dol­ tive use of environment. talk and no action. While we're waiting for lars. It is the same amount for 1970. In the We need money. There is no question about bills to reach the floor of the House which Department of Agriculture, water and waste that. We can do everything else, but if we would provide money for the national wild­ disposal grants totalled 28 million for both don't have funds, we won't solve the prob­ life refuge fund, valuable marshes and 1969 and 1970. When taken by themselves, lem. I'm not 1:Jalking just about milking the swamps are being filled in. This causes wet­ these may seem like large amounts of money to be spent to clean up the nation's water­ taxpayer either. Industry and business must lands animals to flee the area and upset take more initiative and responsibility than environmental balance. Originally we had ways. They aren't. In a recent four volume 140 million acres of swamp and marshland report for the Federal Water Pollution Con­ they have in the past. For years our environ­ in the U.S. Recent investigations show we trol Administration, it was estimated that ment has been sacrificed to individual lazi­ have about 76 million acres left. Drainage approximately 25 billion dollars will be ness and corporate profits. qur rivers have September 10, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25095 provided the dumping ground for garbage, of our environment and it is an excellent be­ chaic jurisdictions and the tiniest of chemicals, and other waste products. That ginning. But we will not solve the pollution suburbs of support while failing to cre­ until the commitment is total and national. which is burned is poured in.to the air in the ate any incentive toward consolidation. form of dangerous gases which, after a long It is your task to return to your communi­ period of time, can seriously impair health ties and get your friends, neighbors, and Third, the formula for distributing and shorten life. legislators committed to the goals discussed funds within the State will do little to Some industries have responded. Others here today. Your actions and hopes will cre­ alleviate the scandalous disparity be­ have made token gestures. Mosit, however, ate the realities of the future. tween the revenues of various localities will not risk even the smallest investment in There is a popular song that was at the with the same population. Community X the future of the environment because it top of the charts recently and it begins: In may at present receive far more revenue might mean some loss of profits. Nobody's the year 2525, if man is still alive ... This than Community Y simply because it fooling anyone on this account-it will is a pretty grim outlook. It is up to each one of you and it is up to me--all of us-to make has several wealthy income-tax payers, amount to some loss in overall profits. Any or a vast public utility installation, or a expense does that. The thrust of public sure that man does survive. opinion must be strong, because laws alone sales tax generating shopping center. cannot police all the activities of govern­ Moreover, Community X may have set ment, industry or your neighbor. And actions REVENUE-SHARING AS A MEANS OF minimum building cost limitations which have to be backed by finances. In its latest MODERNIZING STATE AND LOCAL in effect zone out poor people, partic­ report to COngress, the Federal Water Pol­ GOVERNMENT ularly those with children. But if each lution Control Adm1nistr81tion stated that unit of local government is to receive a over the past fifteen years, private industry sum "based on its share of total local and business had contributed 700 million dollars to public facilities for water. pollu­ HON. · HENRY S. REUSS government revenues raised in the tion control and $2.2 billion to waste treat­ OF WISCONSIN State," rich Community X will get still richer, and poor Community will get ment facilities of their own. New plants us­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Y ually are equipped with waste control facili­ only a litte less poor. Although the Nix­ ties, but most older plants have no facili­ Wednesday, September 10, 1969 o~ administration's proposal would per­ ties and do little in this area. It must be Mr. REUSS. Mr. Speaker, current dis­ mit States to develop alternative dis­ considered that by meeting minimum stand­ tribution plans, I see little incentive in ards, our waterways could be kept clean, as­ cussion of revenue-sharing is sharpened suming that they were clean-which they by a recent editorial broadcast on Bos­ the proposal for States to change present are not. There is inadequate private re­ ton's radio and TV station WBZ: inequitable distribution formulas. sponse to address the task of compensating WrrH STRINGS ATI'ACHED ~.R. 11764, a bill introduced by me for the almost irreparable damage done in this year to make revenue sharing a the past. We've long urged federal revenue sharing with states and communities. So basically "catalyst" for needed reforms would According to the Department of Commerce provide block grants to the st-a'.tes and and the National Air Pollution Control we back President Nixon's plan to get this l~c~lities for ~ ~-year trial period, of $5 Board, there is only 400 million dollars worth type of program started. But we've always of air pollution equipment sold in a year. envisioned revenue sharing as a way of bring­ billion, $7.5 billion, and $10 billion re­ New industries, in publishing the amount of ing about some basic changes in the way spectively. For later years, annual ~on­ their profits used for conservation, will state and local government operations are tributions at the $10 billion level are en­ sometimes include the entire cost of run. This is an issue President Nixon has visaged. There is only one big initial the plalllt, saying that the entire factory ducked. And we think the final version of string attached to these funds--that the is contributing to reduction of air pollu­ his revenue sharing program should be amended to include some definite reform Sta~e develop in good faith a program tion. How is that possible? If you drive settmg out plans to modernize and vital­ through any city, you have to roll up the provisions. ize its local governments and the State windows to be t.ble to breathe. Four-hundred Accepted standards of state and local gov­ million dollars is a very small percentage ernment operations have been spelled out government. of the total profits of all industries. Indus­ in a whole series of public and private re­ Each State wishing to participate in try must be willing to invest in cleaning up ports in the past few years. The federal gov­ the revenue-sharing plan of H.R. 11764 the air and water. Ln short, the business ernment obviously can't make these changes would develop a modern government's community has an oblige. tion to preserva­ from above. But there's no excuse for it to program over a 2-year period. H.R. subsidize obvious waste and inefficiency. tion of natural resources which it, by and would authorize million to large is not facing up to. Good environment Here in Massachusetts substantial prog­ 11764 $50 is profitable. ress has already been made toward re­ cover the full cost of all State planning. We have to decide on how much progress forming the structure of state government. The bill would create four regional toward achieving the zenith of our own com­ The big needs now are for strong administra­ coordinating committees of Governors-­ fort should be exchanged for the rape of our tion, real political leadership and a major Eastern, Southern, Midwestern, and environment. As the pollution increases, peo­ upgrading of the personnel system. At the Western-also financed by Federal plan­ ple will demand more cars, more houses, more local level, though, darn little has been done, ning funds. Draft State programs would refrigerators, more boats, more one-way con­ here or elsewhere. Prospects for action are be completed within 18 months, and then tainers, more flip-tops, more airplanes, and still dim without some outside prodding. so on. This means more pollution and more And there's no better prod than the danger forwarded to these Governors' commit­ garbage and more wastes. of being cut off from a new and expanding tees for review and suggested improve­ The task is monumental. It increases when revenue source. ments. The regional coordinating com­ you consider that misuse of our natural re­ Rep. Henry S. Reuss of Wisconsin, one of mittees, after 6 months of dialog with sources is expanding each year. As technology the early Congressional backers of revenue State planners, would by majority vote increases, new pollutants and chemicals are sharing, argues that the Nixon plan would fed into our air and waterways. These in turn send to the President those State gov­ be a "crutch to perpetuate ineffective state ernment programs which they found re­ need specific scientific research for each and local government." Instead Mr. Reuss pollutant. would like to see it as a catalyst to bring flected "sufficient creative State initia­ I think we all know, as was the case with about badly needed reforms. We think he's tive" to qualify them for Federal rev­ the moon landing: that when the nation right. We hope many of you will back him enue sharing. commits itself to a goal, that goal is achieved. up, too. Within a year, the President would Why not apply the lesson that we relearned from the success of Apollo 11 to the crucial The editorial sets out quite rightly the make his own independent finding as to conservation problem on this planet. view that revenue-sharing should be seen whether a State's modernization pro­ The underpinnings of reaching our goals as a means of bringing about some fun­ gram qualifies it for revenue sharing. In must be a greater care for future man and rlamental changes in the way State and reaching his decision, the President hard cash. would be authorized to seek the advice What I am asking for is nothing less than local governments operate. But it is in just this crucial respect that President of the Advisory Commission on Inter­ a total commitment on the part of each citi­ governmental Relations, an independent zen of this nation to be prepared to act as Nixon's revenue-sharing proposal fails. well as pay for the preservation of our en­ First, it seems that the States are to and respected body of Federal, State, vironment. be given their money at once, without and local officials created by Congress in In my capacity as a representative of the being required to undertake any reforms, 1959. Only States whose programs were people of this state and nation, I will work indeed, without even being required to approved by both the coordinating com­ for the cause of conservation at the federal develop any plans for reform. mittee of regional Governors and the level. President would be eligible for block I am deeply impressed with your concern Second, the pass-through formula will and awareness. It is unparalleled by any other apparently make all units of general grants. generation in our history. Each of you here local government eligible for a share of In order to qualify for revenue-shar­ has made a commitment to the preservation the money, thus assuring the most ar- ing grants, a State's modern govern- 25096 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 10, 1969 ment program must include enough re­ filing of modern governments' programs. case of a large urban State like New forms to demonstrate bona fide "crea­ These programs would be screened by the York, the percentages are respectively tive State initiative." The list of possible Gov~rnors themselves, and then reviewed 22 percent, 67 percent, and 11 percent. reforms includes recommendations made by the President. There would be no In the case of a rural State, Wyoming, over the years by such organizations as statutory strings with respect to com­ the percentages are 99, O, and l, respec­ the Committee for Economic Develop­ pliance with the State plans. However, tively. In the case of a combined rural­ ment. the U.S. Chamber of Commerce, sume incentive to follow through on the urban State, Tennessee, the percentages the Advisory Commission on Intergov­ plans would be provided by the require­ are 47, 26, and 27 respectively. ernmental ..a.elations, the Council of ment of annual reports to Congress and The great advantage of this allocation State Governments, the National Munic­ by the fact that the initial program formula for the localities---which was ipal League, the National League of would run for 3 years only. devised by the National Advisory Com­ Cities, the Mayor's Conference, and the For the initial 3-year period of 1973- mission on Urban Problems headed by National Association of Counties. 75, the sums stipulated for revenue­ former Senator Paul H. Douglas---is that These reforms are at three levels---in­ sharing are in the annual range of $5 to it would give smaller communities an terstate, State. and local. They would $10 billion. They would be authorized incentive-to consolidate into more work­ involve constitutional, statutory, and ad­ and appropriated by the usual congres­ able metropolitan systems. By basing ministrative changes. sional processes. Some have argued that the formula on local taxation, it favors Reforms at the interstate level include a trust fund would be preferable in that local governments that try to provide regional agreements among States, and it would give the states more assurance adequate services, and seeks to allocate interstate compacts, for cooperative ef­ that funds would be available on a con­ payments between cities and urban forts in health, education. welfare, and tinuing basis. In H.R. 11764, I have opted counties which have overlapping bound­ conservation, for the government of for the annual appropriations process in aries. metropolitan areas overlapping State the belief that Congress, for better or I have outlined the essential features worse, must be the final arbiter of na­ lines, and for dealing with other inter­ tional priorities. Continuity in revenue­ of H.R. 11764 in order to demonstrate state regional problems. sharing is indeed vital, but Congress how revenue sharing can serve as a cata­ At the State level, possible reforms in­ should probably retain the power, in a lyst to creative reform rather than as clude the short ballot, longer terms for fiscal pinch, to share adversity between a mere crutch for our outmoded State constitutional officers, annual sessions of revenue-sharing and such competing and local governments. When the Nixon the legislature, adequately paid legisla­ claims as direct Federal spending, or the administration comes forward with all tors, the merit system, modernized bor­ level of private spending as reflected by the details of its revenue-sharing pro­ rowing powers, rationalized boards and the Federal tax bite. posal, t hope that we will find that it commissions, improved tax systems--in­ H.R. 11764 would allocate revenue­ has changed its mind in some important eluding a progressive income tax-and sharing funds on a basis which would respects, and come around to the view assistance to local governments. make funds available via the States to that revenue sharing should be used as A first set of reforms at the most im­ cities and urban counties of more than an incentive to large-scale and progres­ portant local level would be designed to 50,000 population, with the most money sive reforms at the State and local level make local government operations more going to those of over 100,000 population. o"! government. efficient, economical, and responsive. The allocation to each State and its lo­ These reforms would include reduction calities would be based on population as of the number of counties, towns, and a percentage of total U.S. population, RESOLUTION ADOPTED BY GEORGIA other unnecessary local units, promotion but with an adjustment for relative tax OILMEN'S ASSOCIATION of all forms of metropolitan government effort, and a credit based on the State's and true home rule, adoption of the short revenues from its income tax. By giving HON. ROBERT G. STEPHENS, JR. ballot, modern borrowing power, the extra weight to revenue from State indi­ merit system, and decentralization of lo­ vidual income taxes, States would be en­ OF GEORGIA cal government in order to make it more couraged to increase their reliance on IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES democratic and humane. this type of tax, which has not yet been Wednesday, September 10, 1969 A second set of local government re­ adopted by a third of the States, and is forms would be aimed at removing eco­ only very modestly used by a large num­ Mr. STEPHENS. Mr. Speaker, the nomic disparities between various local ber of others. Georgia Oilmen's Association has governments, and supporting current ef­ adopted a resolution expressing the con­ Under H.R. 11764, allocation of funds cern of its membership over the methods forts by big-city mayors and the Federal to localities would proceed as follows: Government to save the central city. The share of each large local government used by the Internal Revenue Service in Among current inequities to be corrected within the State-cities and urban coun­ the collection of the Federal income tax. are local zoning regulations which keep ties of over 50,000-would be derived by This resolution calls for a complete re­ out low-income housing, or in some cases the ratio between its own local tax reve­ assessment and reevaluation of the all homes. Related reforms would entail nues and the total revenues from all Federal Revenue laws. the revision of State grants-in-aid for State and local taxes in the State. Cities I think this resolution will be of inter­ local health, education, welfare, and and urban counties would be entitled to est to all of the Members of Congress. housing activities, as well as State for­ these shares of their State's revenue­ I submit it, therefore, for insertion in mulas for sharing of tax revenues, in sharing payments: if population is the RECORD: order to eliminate preferences given to 100,000-plus, twice the ratio; if popula­ REsOLUT ION BY GEORGIA OILMEN'S wealthy communities at the expense of tion is 50,000 t-0 100,000, the product of ASSOCIATION poor communities. the ratio times the percentage by which Whereas, The Officers and Directors of the Georgia Oilmen's Associ ation have a vital Other economic reforms which have its population exceeds 50,000. In 1960, and growing interest in government financ­ been proposed include easing restrictions there were 310 over-500,000 cities, with ing and the method of providing the reve­ on local taxing and borrowing powers, 63.4 million inhabitants, and 407 over- nue for suoh purpose, and improving local tax administration, au­ 50,000 counties, with 103.1 million inhabi­ Whereas, the Georgia Oilmen's Association thorizing local governments to use non­ tants. Without double counting, the ls now gravely concerned over t he loss of property taxes, and furnishing State fi­ aided population was 121.7 million. Thus, certain constitutional guarantees to many nancial and technical aid to metropolitan only 717 of the Nation's 80,000 local units citizens of our great n ation, and areas for planning, building codes, urban would be directly aided-avoiding stag­ Whereas, the method of collectin g federal gering administrative complexities. revenue und-er t he present Inconie Tax Laws renewal, and consolidation. is too complex and oppressive for compliance If H.R. 11764 were enacted in 1970, On a nationwide basis, this formula by the average citizen of this country. States qualifyh1g for Federal block using 1966 statistics would allocate 65 Now therefore be it r esolved that the grants could begin receiving payments as percent of the revenue-sharing pay­ Georgl'.\ Oilmen's Association petition the early as 1973-the first year when a siz­ ments to the State governments, 22 per­ members of Congress from the Sovereign able Federal fiscal dividend can reason­ cent to the cities, and 13 percent to urban State of Georgia. to encourage, promote and actively support a complete reassessment and ably be expected. The only "string" on counties. Based on past performance, a reevaluation of the Federal Revenue Laws, the block grants would be the demon­ large portion of the States share would and stration of State initiative through the be rechannelled to local areas. In the Be it further resolved that the Georgia September 10, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25097 Congressional Delegation be requested to give Gross was up but wages and taxes were up which would allow their participation in the its most serious consideration to adoption more with the resultant loss in net. affairs of South Vietnam would be handing of a National Sales and Gross Receipt.s Tax At last reports Congress was busily engaged the NFL its original goal. It would be an ad­ in Lieu of the present income tax with the in trying to cut the depletion allowance for mission to the world that the U.S. had fa.lied elimination of all suoo Federal Income Tax the oil companies. They try to hold the price in its commitment to South Vietnam. Laws as may be possible tm-ough the adop­ of gasoline and fuel oil down and our poli­ It is possible the NFL might not win in tion of such procedure, a.nd ticians at the national level slap them with a first election. But in the confusion of war Be it further resolved that the members of more taxes. and in the war's wake, what would be left Congress from the State of Georgl.a. be re­ Everybody with an ounce of brains knows to stop an infiltration of "voters" from the quested to use all means at their disposal to that the combination of the labor unions north? Who could stop the same terrorist tac­ insure the constitutional right.s of the indi­ and the tax collectors is going to boost the tics from influencing the vote of others, if vidual and the privacy of one's affairs in the price of gasoline and other petroleum pro­ the "foreign troops," meaning the U.S., had enaotment of all Federal Revenue Laws, and ducts. The Chase National Bank of New York, been wLthdrawn? Be it further resolved that the Georgia. which has a department which is really ex­ The proposal of the House Democrats, 1! Congressional Delegation, and the news pert in matters pertaining to the oil indus­ accepted, would cause us to suffer a polittical media, be furnished a copy of thds resolution. try, says that profits are too-low now, which defeat. It would hand to the Communists the Adopted this 18th day of June 1969, at is amply demonstrated by the current Texaco objective they have sought since the begin­ Atlanta, Georglia. and other leading oil company figures. ning. It is a way to give Communist aggres­ BUDDY M. NESMITH, Pretty soon the price of petroleum prod­ sion another victory. President. ucts will start upward. The people that run Attest: companies like Texaco and Shell are not go­ HARRISON W. BRAY, ing to sit idly by a.nd let forces over which BARRATr O'HARA, A GREAT Executive Director. they have little or no control hurt them MIDWESTERNER financially. Secretary of Labor Shultz recently warned that a lot of men are pricing themselves out HON. ROBERT McCLORY TAX REFORM of jobs by the exorbitant wage demands. One OF ILLINOIS of two things is bound to happen. Either prices are raised to offset rising costs or men IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES HON. OLIN E. TEAGUE are fired. And when a. company's profits go Wednesday, September 3, 1969 down, the tax collectors' take drops propor­ OF TEXAS tionately. Mr. McCLORY. Mr. Speaker, Barratt IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Obviously one of the things there is no O'Hara, oldest Member of the 90th Con­ Wednesday, September 10, 1969 shortage of in the United States today is fat­ gress and its only Spanish-American heads. War veteran, was one to whom the words - Mr. TEAGUE of Texas. Mr. Speaker, "first" and "only" were often applied. Al­ under leave to extend my remarks in the though a native of Michigan, most of his RECORD, I wish to include an editorial HOW TO LOSE A WAR life was spent in the State of Illinois-a piece from the Boston Herald Traveler life of public service-and it was thus I for August 13 relating to the actions of HON. ANDREW JACOBS, JR. came to know and respect him. Under the Congress with respect to tax re­ the leave to extend my remarks in the form: OF INDIANA RECORD, I wish to comment on this son THE INVESTOR IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES of the great Midwest. (By Edson B. Smith) Wednesday, September 10, 1969 Much has been said and written since QUARTER EARNINGS BELOW ESTIMATES; TAXES, his passing, most of us are familiar with LABOR COSTS RISE RAPIDLY Mr. JACOBS. Mr. Speaker, with ref­ his adventurous role as a schoolboy ex- The second-quarter ea.mings in the cases of erence to the recently unearthed secret . plorer in Central America, particularly many important companies were not as good plan of the administration to end the in the jungles of Nicaragua and Costa as had been generally expected. Labor costs, war, does the following sound familiar? Rica. A teenager, he later enlisted in the and particularly taxes, have been moving up [Prom the Indiana.polis Star, Sept. 10, 1969) more rapidly than have prices in several in­ 33d Michigan Volunteer ~ent to How To LOSE A WAR dustries. fight with the Cubans seeking their free­ Declining earnings plus continued mone­ The proposal to settle the Vietnoam. war by dom from Spain. He was able to lay aside tary stringency and the highest interest rates 18 House Democrats including 11th District his uniform and return to high school on record have made the going tough for the Representative Andrew Jacobs Jr. should to be graduated with honors, but he stock market. Most Wall Streeters have given make Hanoi happy. could not put aside the gratitude of up hope on Vietnam. Apparently today Rus­ The plan calls for free elections in South Vietnam with the participation of all par­ those for whom he fought and he was sia is the only hope of persuading the North awarded the Order of Military Merit by Vietnamese to quit. In the meanwhile there ties-including the National Liberation Pront is little sign of the inflation slowing down. (NFL). the political arm of the Viet Cong. the Republic of Cuba. Stocks and bonds go down, so do business The 18 House Democra.t.a also urged th:a.t There were the years in newspaper profits. But the prices of goods on average all foreign troops be wtthdrawn on a. grad­ work, in the editor's chair from the Mis­ continues to rise. ual, reoiprocal basis following the elections. sissippi to the Great Lakes. After attend­ The Nixon economist.s and the Federal Re­ How to get negotiations underway to ac­ ing the University of Missouri aind serve have said they wanted to dampen in­ oomplish a.11 this was not included in the Northwestern University at Evanston, flationary expectations. There is little to in­ statement of the 18. It did call for a pre­ eleotion cease-fire, banning m111tary opera.­ Ill., he began the study of law and grad­ dicate that their effort.shave been successful uated from the Chicago-Kent College of but they have dampened about everything tions and terrorist acts. else, including the security markets and the This is a totally unrealistic program. In Law in 1912. That same year he was feelings of business men about profits in the the first place the development of the NFL elected Lietttenant Governor of Illinois-­ months ahead. is the work of Ho Ohl Minh who attempted, the youngest in its history, a mere 30 This exhibition Congress has been putting following the partition of Vietnam in 1954, to years of age. He often served as Acting on about tax "reform" has ma.de many in­ capture the government of South Vietnam by Governor when Gov. Edward F. Dunne vestors sick at their stomachs. A lot of people political means. When this failed the acts of was out of the State. Admitted to the bar thought that when they voted for Nixon la.st terrorism began. Villages were brought under in 1912, he resumed the practice of law fall and he was elected we were about to get the control of guerrillas armed from the north, brought in from the north a.nd com­ in Chicago, in 1917, following his term a decent conservative government. One thing in office of Lieutenant Governor. which is increasingly clear is that Nixon can't manded from the north. This brought the control the left-wing gang in Congress, which plea from the late South Vietnam Presi­ It was in his role of alumnus of the seems to be getting worse than ever. dent Diem which led to the first American Chicago-Kent College of Law that I knew While Wall Street at the beginning of May advisers being sent to Vietnam. Since then him first. A student at the same law was none too happy a.bout bonds, the outlook North Vietnamese regulars have invaded school 20 years later, I joined in the ad­ for stocks and for business was generally South Vietna.m. Aided by the guerrillas they miration of and respect for him as one deemed O.K. Now it is getting so one needs a have conducted attaick after a.ttack culminat­ ing in the current offensive against the cities of the most colorful and successful mem­ magnifying glass to find even a little bull. of the south. bers of our alumni. He had been chief of­ OIL COMPANIES TO FIGHT BACK AT "REFORMS" The original aim. o! the NFL to win the ficer of a film company in HollyWooc;l The Texaco earnings for the second quarter south by political means failed. That led to from which he resigned to enlist in the of 1969 were definitely disappointing, $1.28 a a military attempt to seize corutrol. So a,ny military service with the entry of the share compared with $1.88 a year before. agreement by the U.S. or South Vietnam United States into the war with Ger- CXV--1581-Part 18 25098 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 101. 1969 many. He served as a major and as a by, but he never lowered his vision of the drawals constitutes a well-considered slap in division judge advocate. final goal. He and his colleague qualified the face. On his return to civilian life, he re­ to represent their region of the country Mr. Nixon took the only course open to sumed law practice and served as an at­ him in deferring his decisfon. at the national championships, and en­ To proceed with the announcement of fur­ torney for the city of Chicago. He served tered the grueling 4-day competition in ther withdrawals in the face of escalated en­ as a radio commentator over WCFL-the New York. emy action would be tantamount to waving voice of the American Federation of La­ Mr. Speaker, I am proud and happy the white flag of surrender. bor-for a number of years. After less that, at the end of that tournament, Mr. Mr. Nixon has taken the prudent course. successful attempts, he was elected to Perwin and his colleague were judged to Congress in 1948, serving in the 8lst, 83d, be the best collegiate debaters in the Na­ and subsequent Congresses-the last of tion, giving Harvard its first national AIR FRANCE, ALITALIA, AND BRIT­ which was the 90th. It was in the Con­ championship in many years. ISH OVERSEAS AIRLINES SHOULD gress that his wealth of experience could BOYCO'IT OPENING CEREMONIES Mr. Perwin deserves the congratula­ AT DAMASCUS be well utilized. AI3 a member of the House tions and respect which is due those Committee on Foreign Affairs and of the whose persistence and determination Subcommittee on Africa, he was warm combine with talent to bring them to HON. ROMAN C. PUCINSKI and understanding in his attention to the great accomplishments. developing countries. AI3 a delegate to OF ILLINOIS I think it only fair to warn other as­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the 20th General &sembly of the United p1rmg debate champions that Joel Nations, he gave conscientious service Perwin has recently written again for Wednesday, September 10, 1969 For more than three decades, I haYe information on the coming year's na­ Mr. PUCINSKI. Mr. Speaker, my at­ followed the career of Barratt O'Hara. tional collegiate topic. I know our col­ teilltion has been called to the fact that Alumnus, fell ow alumnus, fellow lawyer, leagues will join me in wishing him con­ on September 15 the Syrian Government fellow citizen, eloquent orator, and dedi­ gratulations and success in the coming plans to open its new airfield at Damas­ cated public official. It was my good for­ year. cus. tune to be here when he was praised by The Syrian Government is arranging his colleagues on the 50th anniversary a colorful program of festivities in con­ of his career as an elected public official. PRUDENT COURSE nection with the opening of this new air He accepted our attention with charac­ facility. teristic humility and graciousness. Mel­ Among those who have been invited to lowed by the years, his devotion was un­ HON. BENJAMIN B. BLACKBURN participate in these opening ceremonies dimmed, and his loyalty to his traditional OF GEORGIA are three international carriers that background and his constituents was IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES operate substantial flights into the undiminished. United States. These are Air France, He has moved forward to answer a roll­ Wednesday, September 10, 1969 Alitalia, and BOAC. call that we cannot hear and to receive Mr. BLACKBURN. Mr. Speaker, all of It would be my hope thaJt all three of an award we cannot see. For him ad­ us desire peace and I am sure none of us these airlines would boycott the opening journment and rest deserved. desire it more than President Nixon. of the Damascus airfield in Syria until Peace, however, is not always easy to such time as the Syrian Government re­ come by and peace at any price can be leases the two passengers who have been JOEL PERWIN WINS NATIONAL too costly. Therefore, the President must held hostage by the Syrian Government COLLEGIATE DEBATE CHAMPION­ move carefully and prudently in the since the TWA airliner was hijacked to SHIP quest for it. Syria more than 10 days ago. The Atlanta Journal of August 28 car­ It is inconceivable to me that these HON. DANTE B. FASCELL ried an editorial that makes this point three international airlines would dignify very well: OF FLORIDA the opening ceremonies of an airport in PRUDENT COURSE a country that is the first nation to seize IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES President Nixon's announcement that he international passengers as hostages for Wednesday, September 10, 1969 will defer a decision on further withdrawals a bunch of hoodlum hijackers. of U.S. troops from Vietnam is the only ra­ The hijacking itself is indefensible but Mr. FASCELL. Mr. Speaker, several tion.al approach to the upsurge of Viet Oong years ago I was pleased to be able to call attacks. the fact that Syria would be a party to to the attention of our colleagues in the The President made his initial unUatera.J. this hijacking by illegally detaining these House the accomplishment of a young offer to withdraw American forces from Viet­ two Israel passengers on an American constituent of mine, Mr. Joel Perwin of nam as a conciliatory gesture toward the carrier is contemptable. 500 Santurce Avenue, Coral Gables, Fla. Cong. He clearly indicated that any sort of I call upon the management of Air At that time Mr. Perwin had won the favorable response from the enemy would France, Alitalia, and British Overseas bring about further troop withdrawals. Airways, in the name of decency, to an­ Florida State championship in debate The initial offer was ignored for awhile nounce they will not participate in the and went to Omaha, Nebr., to represent and then denounced. But a lull of a sort did Florida in the national high school de­ descend on the battlefield and this was inter­ opening ceremonies of the airport at bate competition. preted as a favorable response from the Oong. Damascus until these two Israel citizens Last summer I again heard from Mr. The enemy's decision to break this lull who were legitimate passengers on an and escalate hostilities could only serve to American carrier are released forthwith Perwin as he was about to enter his give President Nixon pause. by the Government of Syria. In junior year at Harvard University. To continue to lower our strength while If these three airlines do participate in the time that had elapsed, he had won the enemy was increasing the intensity of these opening ceremonies, I am going to many championships and been named his attacks would be little short of fool­ call upon the International Association best speaker in a number of tourna­ hardy. of Machinists and all other labor organi­ ments. The Miami Herald's coveted Sil­ Mr. Nixon is as anxious as the most ardent dove in Oongress to terminate the fighting in zations in the United States to refuse to ver Knight Award had been bestowed on handle any work on aircraft belonging him. Vietnam- perhaps even more so, for he has more at stake. to these three airlines landing at Ameri­ But last summer young Mr. Perwin set But the difference is that Mr. Nixon can fields. his sights on the greatest prize of all for realizes the United States cannot simply cut I have called for a boycott of Syria a debater. He wanted to win the national a nd run, as some doves seem to think. We until these two American passengers are collegiate debating championship. I am have a position of trust and we have respon­ released. I cannot see how three inter­ proud that he received his first informa­ sibilities which we cannot eschew. national airlines which do a substantial tion on the national topic "Resolved: The And as much as the President would like traffic in the United States can remain Executive Control of U.S. Foreign Policy to see us out of the Vietnamese abyss, he realizes that it must be accomplished in aloof to the fact that two passengers on Should be Significantly Curtailed," from orderly f,ashion and with a modicum of self­ an American airliner hijacked in midair my office. respect. and taken to Syria continue to be held It was a long and often frustrating Consequently, for Hanoi to step up opera­ hostage by the Syrian Government in year for Joel Perwin. Victories in the tions just at the time when the President is violation of every code of moral conduct routine tournaments were hard to come supposed to announce further troop with- by nations. September 10, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25099 Mr. Speaker, it is my hope that the There is considerable bitterness among the What worries the small independent lines, Governments of France, Italy, and threatened operators, who feel that they are the tramp operators and some of the larger being slighted by the Navy's Military Sea unsubsidized companies like States Marine­ Britain will impress UPon these three Transporta,tion Service. At the height of the Isthmian, which owns fifty war-era vessels, airlines which carry the flags of these Vietnam seallft in 1965 and 1966 they re­ is what they consider to be the inconstant respective countries to refuse to partici­ sponded to tonnage calls and put their ships support from the Government, particularly pate in the Syrian ceremonies. in the emergency service, and now the Navy the Navy. The detention of these two American is letting them "whither and die" they said. " One thing we can't survive," said A. The­ passengers in my judgment is an act of At the peak, the M.S.T.S. was using 172 of odore DeSmedt, president of States Marine­ international piracy and deserves the the old vessels withdrawn from reserve and Isthmian, "is governmental competition. patched up and made operable at a cost of They want us to be there if they have an strongest condemnation by all nations. more than $400,000 each. At the same time, emergency. The question we ask is this: for the Navy agency had 239 ships under charter a future emergency do you need us, do you from various companies, the small ones and need conventional break-bulk ships, and if CARGO DECLINE STIRS FEARS OF the big ones. so, what support will you give us now, so we SMALL SHIP COMPANTES The reserve ships were being operated for will be ready?" the Navy by commercial concerns, under Not all the irritation of the small lines is what is known as General Agency Agree­ aimed at Federal agencies. They also com­ HON. MICHAEL A. FEIGHAN ments. plain that subsidized companies, already OF OHIO According to figures available last week, the sustained by programP.d Government assist­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES fleet of G.A.A. ships ls now down to about ance, nose out the unsubsidized operators 70 vessels, and the cha rtering of privately in competing for non-commercial cargoes be­ Wednesday, September 10, 1969 owned ships has been reduced to about 140 cause they have better fleets, including new Mr. FEIGHAN. Mr. Speaker, for the craft. tonnage, which only the aided lines can Thus, the industry does participate in all afford to bulld. past 8 months I have included in the of these opera,tions in one way or another, RECORD a number of statements and arti­ but the critics of the Government say tha,t cles on the deplorable condition of our as long as one privately owned ship is idle, merchant marine, which has been al­ the Navy should not be employing a Govern­ lowed to deteriorate and dwindle, while ment vessel. MEMORIAL TO A GALLANT the Soviet Union is placing a high pri­ They have appealed to Maritime Admin­ MARINE istrator Andrew E. Gibson, in the Depart­ ority on the building of their maritime ment of Commerce, and he has taken the industry. The merchant marine is our matter to Under Secretary of the Navy John HON. JAMES R. GROVER, JR. fourth line of defense, and it has per­ W. Warner, who ls, Mr. Gibson said in a formed exemplary service whenever there telephone interview, doing "everything that OF NEW YORK has been a call to arms. he can" to reduce the Government fleet. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Rear Admiral Thomas King, deputy com­ Another example of the bleak future Wednesday, September 10, 1969 facing a maritime industry is the once mander of M.S.T.S., said last week that there profitable two-way hauling of ocean was a "firm schedule" to withdraw the G.A.A. Mr. GROVER. Mr. Speaker, the loss ships "as circumstances permit.'' But he is cargos between the United States and added, "it has to be done with judgment." of a son always a cause for family India by four American steamship com­ Admiral King said that berth liner ships sorrow. But how much more so when the panies, which is now almost extinct. carrying parcel M.S.T.S. cargoes, together loss of the young man occurs on a for­ Why? The !ndian Government now has with outright charters of private freighters eign battlefield under the cruel and a fleet of fast ocean freighters which our and tankers, were carrying about 80 per cent frightening conditions of modern war­ foreign aid program indirectly brought of the agency's entire sea.lift. fare. Indeed, such a tragedy is often at­ But the affected industry also complains tended by bitterness and despair. into being. And so the U.S. propellers that M.S.T.S. is keeping its charter rates for churn. Where to? Either toward extinc­ private ships at levels below what it costs Recently I received a letter from the tion or healthy revitalization. them to operate their ships. parents in honor and eulogy of their Further details on this subject are All of the lines say that their costs have fallen hero son. In its brevity and sim­ found in the following New York Times increased by about 15 per cent in the current plicity it is an expression of love for a article by George Horne published on inflationary advance, but owing in part also son and faith in our great country so the 31st of August entitled "Cargo De­ to this year's wage rises for seamen. The moving I am constrained to place it in M.S.T.S rate for a C-2 class vessel ls around the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD as a perma­ cline Stirs Fears of Small Ship Com­ $3,520 a day but many owners have escala­ panies". tion clauses to cover wage increases. Some nent memorial to their son, and to honor CARGO DECLINE STms FEARS OF SMALL SHIP of the small lines are refusing to charter; the families and sons in my congres­ COMPANIES instead they are laying up their ships, and a sional district who have similarly demon­ (By George Horne) few have taken a cargo on a one-way voyage strated courage and devotion to our An important segment of the merchant that ends in the sale of their ships for scrap country; those who have made sacrifices marine is facing a serious crisis, with the in a foreign port. and endured anguish far beyond the threat of ship lay-ups and possible bank­ The plight of the private vessels is wor­ understanding of most of us. ruptcy for numerous small companies, op­ sened by their age and inability to compete The letter is as follows: erators warned last week. in the world market for regular commercial cargo. Prohibitive insurance rates on old Representative JAMES GROVER, Nearly 40 ships have been made idle in Capitol, recent weeks, most of them World War ships inhibits them. Many of them are close n­ to a juncture at which expensive survey and Washington, D.C. vlntage vessels on the verge of obsolescence. DEAR Sm: Our Beloved and Precious Son One operator wrote a letter to Federal au­ repairs must be incurred. Moreover, a num­ ber of the critic companies are thinly fi­ Robert, a very brave and heroic Marine was thorities and warned that various shiplines killed in action April 16, 1968. would have some 50 vessels in idleness for nanced, and the Navy ls calling for a show­ lack of cargoes by this week. ing of financial stability before granting This obituary seems so light but its im­ long-term contracts. pact is heavy. In his short 20 years ot life FOREIGN-AID CARGOES OFF In both the shipping industry and the he lived and accomplished much. He loved The companies are unsubsidized concerns, Government, bankruptcies are regarded as his family, friends and college. He left all tramp operators, mostly small outfits with inevitable, just as they were in the after­ to serve his country which he loved best. one or two ships that depend almost wholly math of the Korean conflict in the 1950s, He was at Khe Sanh throughout the 77 on Government-aid cargoes and military when more than 50 companies, mostly those day siege. His Battalion took the worst beat­ shipments for their existence. There are how­ relying on a one-ship operation, went out ing in Khe Sanh. After surviving the siege ever, some larger lines facing the same of business or failed. and being sent out continuously on search problems. The gloomy picture in this segment of and destroy missions, He lost his precious For the most part, they blame the Govern­ the fleet ls a part of a whole chapter in life five days before He was to leave, in a ment for retaining in service, particularly in merchant marine deteriora tion. Although the battle that His Buddies told us "as bad as the Vietnam emergency sea.lift, a fleet of country has many fine ships built by the Khe Sanh was this last one was truly Hell." Federally owned warbullt ships that were hard-core subsidized segment (with as many We feel it would be fitting and proper if it withdrawn from the Nationa1 Defense Re­ 20-knot freighters as all the other major is possible to have a flag that has flown at serve Fleet bases during the height of the maritime nations combined), the main body the Capitol, to be flown at our home in Vietnam operation. of the fleet is old and worn out. In another Honor and Memory of our Precious Son But they also say that the volume of for­ year or two, 80 per cent of the merchant ma­ Robert D. Cicio. eign-assistance cargoes has sharply declined rine will be past the 25-yea.r useful life Respectfully, in the last few months. span. NELLIE and VITO CICIO. 25100 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 10, 1969 Mr. Speak.er, I will indeed send a ~ Silverstein will not walk the Grand Con­ on August 24, 1969. Both are representa­ to Mr. and Mrs. Cicio, and one which oourse with his wife, or play a radio on a tive of the reaction to the congressional stretch of summ.er sand, or feel himself use of force in this dispute: will be flown over the Capitol, in honor of tickled by the rub of love. SP/4 Richard Marine Robert Cicio, beloved son and Doria will never hold a son in his arms, or CASE AGAINST FREEWAYS patriot. feel wonder, or have a beer with his friends Dear AFRO: in White Plains. F'or them, the war is over. President Richard M. Nixon would surely They had the worst luck of all; to be young be well-advised to keep the following points THE WAR and brave in a bad time. in mind as he and Department of Transporta­ And yet we owe them something. We owe tion Secretary John A. Volpe go forward with them the promise that no more of their their new freeway program in the District of HON. JONATHAN B. BINGHAM friends will die. It should be our duty to Columbia. For example: change all of tb.ds a.round, to stop this slow 1. A local newspaper pointed out that OF NEW YORK and fiLthy dance on the killing ground, and "most Washingtonians who would be dis­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES let our young men live out their lives. It is a placed a.re black and most suburbanites are Wednesday, September 10, 1969 measure of how much Vietnam has corrupted white, and the suburbanites would presum­ our sensibilities that we seem unable any­ ably make greater use of the roads. Everyone Mr. BINGHAM. Mr. Speak.er, ~r. Pete more to act on such pronlises. who has studied the problem at all knows Hamill one of the most stimulating col­ The other night in Brooklyn I was drink­ thait these roads a.re for white suburban com­ umnist~ and reporters in New "'! or~. has ing with some young men, all of whom had muters, and question the use of 90-10 Federal written a very moving and Justifiably survived the Nam. Not one could think of funds to build commuter roads, disguised as angry column on some _of the hum~n as­ anything he had done there which was sweet interstate highways. and honorable. They hated the war when 2. The second victim of President Nixon's pects of the war in Vietn~. This col­ they were there; they hate it more now. new road program was the D.C. City Council, umn on a subject about which so much You can con a generation just so much. it is now clear. The Black United Front, for has been written that it seems all the And these young men know now that they instance, has asked those black councilmen phrases would be worn thin, stands out were conned, that the brave politicians had who voted for the Nixon highway program, from the torrent of words. A number. of never had the guts to bring this war to an the Rev. Jerry Moore, Sterling Tucker, Jo­ my constituents were as impressed ~1th end. They know that if every Congressman, seph Yeldell, and Mrs. Margaret Haywood, to it as I am, and feel it deserves wider Senator and employe of the Defense Dept. send their resignations to President Nixon, attention. For the RECORD, I am, tht::r~­ were sent to Vietnam as troops, the war and have also demanded home rule. This is­ would be over tomorrow. If Mendel Rivers sue will heat up. fore, submitting a copy of Mr. Ha~ill s had to carry an M-16 up Nui Lon Mountain 3. The first victim of President Nixon's article, "The War,'' from a recent issue he wouldn't be so brave with his mouth. But new highway program for the District is of the New York Post: we know how wars are put together: old men, peace and stab111ty in the District of Colum­ THE WAR rheumy with bitterness, corruption and bia. More black citizens and their famUies (By Pete Hamill) power, start the wars; young men fight them. will be displaced by Pres. Nixon's highway And this time we have asked them to fight program than were displaced by the Eisen­ The day was fine and lovely, one of those on the wrong s:ide. Our allies a.re the most hower-Nixon Southwest Urban Renewal Proj­ late summer New York days when all the debased, corrupt government in Southeast ect in 1953. 23,500 citizens were displaced girls are beautiful and all the men are polite. Asia, a collection of blackmailers, thugs and from the SW urban renewal project, 70 per In dark afternoon saloons, there was warm totalitarians. They are fighting for the in­ cent of them low-income Blacks. talk about the Mets. Men headed for the tegrity of their Swiss bank accounts; when 4. The shape of the dismal future in the parks to play ball with children. On the the war is over, they will lie on the Riviera; District was predicted at a St. Louis meet­ piers, you saw longshoremen ta.king off their Roy Peterson, Gerald Silverstein and Albert ing of the American Road Builders Associa­ shirts to spend a few sweet hours watching Doria will not share their champagne. tion by Richard J. Whalen, a writer for the the barges slice up the rivers. It was a day When my brother John was there as an Saturday Evening Post and a recognized na­ made for small wonders, but Roy Peterson, aiTborne medic earlier this yea.r, he found tional authority on the Federal Highway Gerald Silverstein and Richard Doria were himself searching the bodies of North Viet­ Program, who said that black citizens of not here to celebrate them. Roy Peterson, namese soldiers who had been killed some­ Washington, D.C. will refuse "to allow white Gerald Silverstein and Richard Doria are where near Bong Son. In the pocke,ts of one men's highways to run through black men's dead. of them he found a wallet. The wallet con­ bedrooms. And behind this refusal lies raw, They died in the swamps and muck of tained pictures of the dead man's wife and violent, physical power." Vietnam, and their blood is on our hands. children, and a magazine photograph of 5. Rep. Augustus F. Hawkins of the Watts We have rather given up on stopping that John F. Kennedy. There was no way to find area of Los Angeles has introduced a new war; it has become some strange and ter­ out why, but I would certainly have preferred bill, H.R. 13487, "to reduce the number of minal disease, one that seems out of human to talk for a few hours with that young homes and small businesses destroyed by control. The slick diplomats sit in Paris, Vietnamese than With Melvin Laird. That, Federally-aided programs which use eminent Richard Nixon and his agents sit in San of course, will never happen because like domain powers to excess," a measure which Clemente, and every week the best young 38,000 of our brave children, he too was dead. is long-overdue in the District of Columbia. people we all know are shipped out to die. This bill should be supported by all citi­ It is Richard Nixon's war now, but nobody zens opposed to the destructive new road seems to care. Nixon got a lot of publicity program approved by the City Council, and by ordering 25,000 men home, but there was WASHINGTON, D.C., TRANSPORTA­ by those who realize that home ownership little notice that at that rate it would take TION PROBLEMS and "a piece of the action" will stabilize 23 years for us to get out of Vietnam. Some black residential and business areas. This bill nerve of moral outrage seems to have died would provide the black business areas on in us; the Green Berets get involved in a HON. DON EDWARDS U Street and elsewhere in the District the gangland-style murder, and we read it as if OF CALIFORNIA same kind of favorable zoning given the white it were a movie, and not the act of men from areas to prevent slum and blight. a democracy. The troops of Company A, sick IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES City planners in Tokyo have now provided and bone-weary, their nerves shredded by Wednesday, September 10, 1969 high buildings to relieve pressure on the too much death and slaughter, refuse to move soaring price of land which will make it out and their action is treated as a one-day Mr. EDWARDS of California. Mr. possible to compete with the suburbs which, curiosity, instead of one of the most damn­ Speaker, some time back the City Coun­ as here, are getting the jobs and new hous­ ing judgments yet made about our filthy cil of the District of Columbia under ing. We can and should learn from other commitment. pressure from this Congress bowed to cities from Los Angeles to Tokyo, how they Already there are 38,000 young men dead. congressional demands for the construc­ use land and prevent slums and blight and There are hundreds of thousands who are tion of the bridge and freeway system. rebuild burned out areas devastated by war, maimed and crippled, men with steel and arson, slums, blight, poor planning, etc. plastic Where their bones once were, men In return the District believed funds for 6. The Evening Star, which was largely with poisonous dreams in the dark of night, construction of a much needed subway responsible for the new Nixon Highway Pro­ men whose eyes will never see a flower in system would be freed. Those funds have gram, published on August 10, 1969, page spring, men who will never play ball with not been freed and the public and jour­ A-6, a map showing the freeway related to their children at dusk because it takes arms nalistic reaction to the arbitrary · de­ the Three Sisters Bridge in a tunnel under and legs to do so. Those young men will carry mands of Congress becomes more bitter. K Street. This route would not displace a the infection of the Nam across all the sum­ So that we may see ourselves as we single family or business. However, if this mers of their lives. are seen by the public, I ask that a letter freeway is built in the Florida Avenue-U Roy Peterson, a Pfc. in the Army, will hear Street corridor, thousands of black citizens no brass bain.ds at Seattle; he will never loll published in the September 6, 1969, edi­ and hundreds of black small business will on the corner of E. 17th St. and Av. S in tion of the Washington Afro-American be displaced. President Nixon must see to it Brooklyn, waitc.hing the girls go by, or talking be reprinted in this RECORD along with an that this freeway is built in a tunnel under about the Mets. Warrant Officer Gerald article published in the New York Times K St., and citizens, black and white, of the September 10, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25101 District and of suburban Virginia and Mary­ of $11,700,000. These represent more than 80 U Street corridor in a few days showing the land must join together on this issue, to percent of all the colored-owned businesses homes and businesses which will be destroyed make certain it is built there and not in the in Nashville's home county ... As I-40 to make way for the freeway connector to black areas. marches through the ghetto, and feeder the Three Sisters Bridge, we have been ad­ 7. Secretary of Transportation Alan Boyd streets such as Jefferson are widened, the vised by R. H. Booker, chairman, and Sam dropped the Three Sisters Bridge and _its bulldozer will level about 650 houses, 27 Abbot, publicity director. Buildings to be related freeway. The Washington Post (Aug. -apartment buildings and several churches. taken include the headquarters building of 19) said: "ECTC's view was lent some legit­ An area of almost 100 square blocks will be Pride, Inc. at 16th Street and U Street, NW. imacy by former Transportation Secretary walled off. Even those businesses not marked 11. Rep. Hale Boggs, a leading Democrat in Alan S. Boyd. He once recalled publicly that for physical destruction face financial ruin the Congress, on August 11 in a speech on the North Central (Freeway) had been shift­ as their customers flee. the House floor, called for the formation of ed from the predominantly white Wisconsin "The route of I-40 was briefly discussed at an ad hoc committee bere composed of civic Avenue corridor to a predominantly black only one poorly advertised public hearing in and citizens groups and individuals which area of Northeast Washington." Secretary May, 1957. For a decade, when colored people will bring all factions together to meet with Boyd also said that the Wisconsin Avenue inquired about it, they were told that the top Federal officials. It is high time that such corridor is the logical route for the North route was 'preliminary' and 'subject to an all inclusive ad hoc committee was Central. He said white political clout moved change.' Without further hearings, the state formed to deal with the highway issue, in­ the freeway. quietly committed $10 million to engineering stead of letting the freeway issue be dictated We are convinced that the study of the studies and land acquisition. In a suit that by the highway-parking-trucking-big busi­ North Central Freeway required by the Fed­ they fought to the U.S. Supreme Court, the ness lobbies which are big contributors to eral Highway Act of 1968 if carried out in colored people, organized as the I-40 Steering the Republican Party. Rep. Boggs helped stop a fair and objective way, as it must be, will Committee, contended that inadequate public the Freeway in New Orleans, after two were show one of two things (a) that it is not hearings and the lack of any study of the stopped in New York. The issue was aptly needed, or (b) that Secretary Boyd was economic and social consequences of the framed by Rep. Edwards (D-Calif.) in a right and that the Wisconsin Avenue corri­ highway violated federal law. Beyond that, speech on the House Floor on August 11, in dor is the logical place to build the North they charged that the right of way was which he said this about the situation here: Central. chosen on a racially discriminatory basis. "I am ashamed of the recent misuse or Clearly, the North Central should not be (Note--there has been no such study here.) Congressional power in this District, I am built in Northeast Washington and, wherever " ... The expressway is needed, so the local, ashamed of the use of black.mail; withdrawal it is built, it should be built in a tunnel to state and federal governments maintain, to of funds, aid threats used to blackjack the avoid displacement of families and busi­ speed through traffic across the state from City Council of Washington, D.C., into ac­ nesses-just as the Evening Star has said Memphis to Knoxville. In practice, the road cepting a freeway plan and the Three Sisters the freeway related to the Three Sisters will be most useful to white commuters from Bridge. Bridge will be built in a tunnel under K the suburbs of East and South Nashville on "I wonder if this House of Representatives Street. Wisconsin Ave. surely deserves to have their daily trips to work in West Nashville's might consider allowing the citizens of the same protection as the Evening Star growing industrial complex. The unemployed Washington to have their views represented would provide for K Street--and this goes and underemployed colored people of North in our deliberations. In particular, I would for all areas traversed by the North Central Nashville, who number one in four of the suggest the Congress allow the people of and the Three Sisters Bridge freeway con­ working-age population, will be able to sit on Washington to vote on the freeway and on nector. their crumbling porches and watch the white the bridge-a referendum as has already 8. The Emergency Committee on the Trans­ men's cars whiz by. In countless ways the been proposed--and that Congress abide by portation Crisis has labelled as "an unprece­ expressway will remind the colored people the wishes of the people of Washington. We dented intervention" in court matters Presi­ are, or at least we are supposed to be, a dent Nixon's statement, in a "Dear Bill" that they stand outside the 'system' that built it. The construction of Nashville's self­ Republic and we do, or at least we are sup­ letter to Chairman William H. Natcher of destructive expressway is a symptom of the posed to, represent the wishes of the people. the House Appropriations Subcommittee on "For those who decry civil disorder, and I the District of Columbia, that he has di­ deepest crisis of the American environment." 9. Many diverse groups have aided in fight­ a.m one of them, I would remind them of rected Attorney General Mitchell and Trans­ the duties of government. In December 16, portation Secretary Volpe to help the D.C. ing the destructive freeways in Washington, D.C. These groups include the two old-line 1773, the people of Boston made known their Government "vigorously defend" any law feelings about taxation without representa­ suits attacking the new Nixon Highway Pro­ citizen and civic Federations, the Midway Civic Association, the Kalora.ma, and DuPont tion. I do not recommend such a party to the gram. people of Washington, D.C., but I do hope Surely, such manipulation of the courts­ Circle, and Georgetown, Citizens Associations, the Emergency Committee on the Trans­ they will be allowed to make their wishes coming on top of the plans of President known to this Congress and that this Con­ Nixon to build the North Central Freeway, portation Crisis, the Democratic Party, the Committee for the Rights of the Washington, gress will respond to them." and the Freeways related to the Three Sis­ Mrs. SARAH E. ELLIS, ters Bridge, in the black areas of Washington D.C. Business Community, the Committee of 100 on the Federal City. The Democratic Chairman, Committee for the Rights of to protect and preserve the white areas-are the D.C. Small Business Community. the very things which will heighten racial Party put the D.C. freeway issue on the ballot last year and the citizens demanded a GEORGE FRAIN, tension and harden the resolve of District Delegate, D.C. Federation of Citizens As­ citizens in Northeast Washington, and in the referendum to decide freeways by a vote of 93,000 to 4,000. sociations. Florida Avenue-U Street corridor, to preserve CATHERINE MCCARRON, their homes and businesses. The Federation of Citizens Associations on July 24 (it is largely white) recommended Past President, DuPont Circle Citizens At a time when so many people of both Association. races have been working for good race re­ that consideration of additional gateways and freeways in the District of Columbia "be de­ PHll.IP BROWN, lations, it is clear that President Nixon has Delegate, D.C. Federation of Citizens As­ been very ill-advised, indeed, to take posi­ ferred until the rapid transit system is in operation and the need for such additional sociations. tions and advance programs which are so SYLVIA L. KOHRN, clearly destructive of the homes and busi­ freeways has been demonstrated. Included in the programs which we recommend be de­ PrSydney, New South Club include Carlos P. Romulo (1935-36), in Tokyo, Manila, and New York, is a per­ WaZes.-Sydney, is the former President of the University of the sonal friend. While President of Rotary Inter­ capital of the state of New South Wales. Phillppines and of the United Nations Gen­ national (1968-69) he gave a one-word posi­ With a population of over two million, Syd­ eral Assembly (1949), and now Secretary of tive motto for Rotarians: "Participate"-in ney is Australia's principal port and largest Foreign Affairs of the Philippines; Gil J. your Club, through your work, in building city. It is the country's leading commercial Puyat (1940-41), (1945-46), President of the your community, and in international con­ and industrial center and serves as Australia's Senate of the Philippines; and Conrado Ben­ tacts. main air terminal and port of entry. itez (1955-56), President and Chairman, Ben­ New York, New York.-I am a frequent vis­ The Rotary Club of Sydney meets every itez & Company. The Club counts among its itor of New York City, first capital of the Tuesday noon at the Trocadero. During its membership outstanding leaders in govern­ United States; in this city, the main of­ early years, it devoted its attention to fel­ ment, business, commerce and industry, and fices of the world's largest corporations are lowship among settlers. But the steady in other professions. And this is important located; and here too, we find the head­ growth of Sydney attracted distinguished because the Philippines where agriculture is quarters of the United Nations. visitors who were welcome guests of the the main industry, has already embarked on The Rotary Club of New York, the sixth Club. a nation-wide program of industrialization­ club in Rotary International, was organized A regular feature of the Club's activities cement-ma.nufacturing, electric power plants, in August, sixty years ago. It meets at lunch­ is the Friday meeting for fellowship. Here flour-milling, food products and beverages, eon on Thursday of each week at Hotel Com­ Rotarians and friends from far and nearby fruit-canning, furniture and textile, me­ modore. The classification of club members is countries are afforded the opportunity to dicinal goods and pharmaceuticals, metal and one of the most numerous in Rotary-from know one another better. glassware, mining, oil-refining, paper-manu­ abrasives exporting, burial services, medlcine, In Africa.-During my more than three facturing, plywood and lumber, rubber-proc­ on down to YMCA, to mention but a few. years' (1962-65) tour of duty as Philippine essing, and salt-making. The Club's committees are grouped into Chief of Mission to Africa, South of the Not long ago, President Ferdinand E. Mar­ Club Service, Vocational Service, Community Sahara, and later as Philippine Ambassador cos of the Philippines who has rendered and Service, and International service. It has to Nigeria, Cameroon, Ghana, Liberia, and is rendering fruitful service to our country firmly established the New York Rotary Sierra Leone, I had the opportunity of get­ and people delivered a thought-provoking Foundation to perpetuate Rotary's ideals ting acquainted and of mingling with Ro­ address before the Rotary Club of Manila of through gifts, devises or bequests of money tarians there. I saw Rotarians in action in which he is an honorary member. The occa­ or property that may be made to the Rotary the following capital cities: Mogadiscio, sion was in connection with the commemora­ Club for educational, charitable or other Somalia where I resided for four years ( 1956- tion of the fiftieth anniversary of the found­ philanthropic purposes. Students from many 1960) as Philippine Representative on, and ing of the Club. The President stated among parts of the world have benefited from the as Chairman of the United Nations Advisory Council for Italian Somaliland; Nairobi, other things, that there would be no further work being undertaken by the Club's Inter­ national Service Committee. Kenya; Lagos, Nigeria where I became a restrictions, no exchange controls and no de­ member of the Rotary Club of Lagos; valuation in the country. No one is more familiar with the nature and workings of Rotary clubs in this coun­ Yaounde, Cameroon; Accra, Ghana; Mon­ Rotary is synonymous with service in my try than the American himself. Generally, the rovia, Liberia; Freetown, Sierra Leone; Cairo, country. Its civic activities are manifold type of program at club meetings is the same; Egypt; Algiers, Algeria; and Tananarive, and its influence widespread. As of 1968-69, hence, the remark, "If you have seen one, you Malagasy. there were 69 Rotary Clubs with 2,781 mem- have seen them all." But at one of the meet­ Rotary came to Africa by the establish­ bers in the Philippines. They have been very ings I attended, the Rotary Club of New York ment of the Rotary Club of Johannesburg busy and are presently engaged not only in presented a different type of program-a in 1921. For sometime, officers and members initiating and completing community proj­ panel type program with three leading rep­ of Rotary Clubs were non-Africans. Since ects but in improving the lot of the masses. resentatives of the communication industry Rotary's membership is not exclusive as re­ Our dynamic President and his ~redecessors directing their questions to the co-authors of gards color, creed, or country, it has spread 25106 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 10, 1969 far and wide. Thus, a.s of June, 1968, there Lest we forget, the Africa of today is radi­ which is a. worthy idea.I in action, is bound were 13,302 Rotary Clubs with a. total mem­ cally different from what it was yesterday. to grow and glow as the years come and go. bership of about 633,000 in 143 countries Way back in 1945, out of a total member­ A service club which labors incessantly to and geographical regions. ship of 51 in the United Nations, only four enhance international understanding, is in­ In 1945, on the occasion of the fortieth were African countries. In 1960 alone, six­ deed, a powerful and dependable ally in our anniversary of the founding of Rotary Inter­ teen African countries became independent. unfinished task of bringing about the national, General Jan C. Smuts, then South By 1966, when the membership of the United Brotherhood of man under the Fatherhood Africa's Prime Minister, praised Rota.ry's Nations increased to 121, there were 39 Afri­ of God. world-wide service in the following message: can countries as members; these latter "Rotary has been in the van of the hu­ figures constitute almost one-third of the manitarian trend towards greater social se­ entire membership in the World Organiza­ POSTAL REFORM curity in a.11 democratic countries and the tion. African votes carry weight and their movement can find no more worthy ca.use views on world affairs can not be disregarded. for its unselfish endeavours than the appli­ The emerging African states subscribe to HON. THADDEUS J. DULSKI cation of its motto, 'Service Before Self,' to the purposes and principles of the United not only the national community but the Nations, one of which is to develop friendly OF NEW YORK international community as well." relations between nations based on equal IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES In the case of some African countries rights and self-determinastion of peoples, and Wednesday, September 10, 1969 which became independent in 1960, Rotary to use international cooperation in solving clubs were organized only recently. These economic, social, cultural and humanitarian Mr. DULSKI. Mr. Speaker, the Wall clubs meet either a.t noon or in the evening problems. Rotary which came into being Street Journal-one of the major re­ a.t hotels, taverns, or ha.Us. Some clubs have forty years before the United Nations Char­ cipients of special treatment by our members belonging to fourteen or more ter came into effect, has a similar objective. postal system-has decided that "Con­ nationalities. In this way, Africans a.re en­ In the Charter of the Organization of abled to talk intimately with fellow Rotar­ African Unity formed in 1965, the African gress is likely to reject any meaningful ians a.t home and a.re brought closer to their states likewise agreed "to promote interna­ reform of the postal service." counterparts a.broad. tional co-operation, having regard to the I do not know where the newspaper Africans have asked me this question: Charter of the United Nations and the Uni­ got its information, but it is clear that "What do Rotarians do?" This same query versal Declaration of Human Rights." These it paid little or no attention to the was directed to George Berna.rd Shaw who states place high priority to economic growth was reported to have made the curt reply: nearly 4 months of public hearings on and development of trade. They prefer ex­ this matter which have just been con­ "Rotarians go to lunch." This should not be ternal assistance from the free world. They ta.ken a.s a. criticism against, but rather as a desire technical co-operation because of a cluded by our Committee on Post Office compliment to Rotarians, for no world or­ shortage of trained and experienced men in and Civil Service. ganization in our day, goes to lunch a.s does their midst. In this connection, lt is worthy The hearings by our committee have Rotary. By breaking bread together around to note the new program launched by Ro­ been the most extensive in history. We tables under a common roof, men of di­ tary-Rotary Volunteers Abroad-which "uti­ have compiled a comprehensive record of vergent and even conflicting views could lizes the talents of available mid-career or meet face to face and discuss their problems testimony from every segment of our retired Rotarians to help resolve problems economy which is associated with or con­ ever remembering that service is their com­ in developing countries in need of expert mon business. counsel in education, health, business, rural cerned about postal service. Still the impression persists that Rota.ey and community development." To my mind, there is no question about is merely a. luncheon club. This mistaken the need for major reform of our postal concept may be due to misinformation, lack One of the grievances against former colonial rulers is the fa.ct that the latter system and I believe-notwithstanding of experience, and nonexposure to the Rotary the Journal's gloomy prophecy-that our ideal of service and its Four-Way Test of "starved" education in most of Africa. Is the things we think, say or do regarding it not ironical to find so much starvation committee will come forward with truth, fairness. friendships, and mutual and misery in a. continent with so much "meaningful" postal reform legisJation benefits. wealth and potentiality? On this point, this fall. Failure, if any, will not be due It is inspiring to feel that a native of Smith Hempstone wrote: to any obstructions on my part. Africa., Mr. Justice Charles D. Onyea.ma, for­ ". . . Africa produces 95 per cent of the The Journal, like other outspoken pro­ merly of the Supreme Court of Nigeria. and world's diamonds, 39 per cent of the world's gold, 21 per cent of the world's copper, 77 ponents of the plan to convert the Post now a. member of the International Court Office Department into a public corpora­ of Justice a.t The Hague, himself a past per cent of the world's cobalt, 34 per cent President of the Rotary Club of Lagos, has of the world's manganese, and 70 per cent of tion, seems unable to see the woods for expressed in writing, his understanding of the world's cocoa. It has enough iron, tin, the trees. Rotary luncheon. Rotarian Onyeama stated: chrome, and bauxite to supply the world's The issue is postal reform--compre­ ". . . We, as a club, a.re comparatively needs for years to come." hensive reform. How we accomplish this young and have not much experience of But Africa's most important resource is refarm is a detail which our committee Rotary work; for this reason, 1f for no other, its own people-303 million and more-living will decide shortly-whether we convert it is important that we attend our meetings in an area of 11,685,000 square miles. They are entitled to their God-given right to be the Department into a public corpora­ and involve ourselves fully in committee tion or whether we accomplish the same work. As has been said-and this cannot be free. They have valuable assets: capacity to said too often-the Rotary Club is not a endure, willingness to sacrifice, and anxious­ end by a massive reorganization of the luncheon club. The purpose of the luncheon ness to learn, Like others, countries in Afri­ present executive department. is to provide an opportunity for meeting of all ca. have long-time enemies: poverty, il­ It is interesting, of course, to have the those who are interested in serving the com­ literacy, and disease. To fight these foes and Journal's views. It is a matter of rec­ munity in which they live; our club is a serv­ minimize the evils connected therewith, the ord that there is no other national pub­ ice club." assistance of men of goodwill everywhere would be welcomed. Africans appreciate the lication which receives the day-after­ At club meetings, I noticed a display of day special treatment from the postal Rotary banners, District flags, and flags of value of friendship and here again, Rotari­ many nations. An African colleague im­ ans may contribute their share and talents. service. pressed me when he said that such a dis­ I have traveled by car, ship, and plane in It has same-day delivery-by mail-in play was a three-in-one reminder: 1. the five continents: 1. Asia., where the first Ro­ most cities and communities in the Na­ invitation for more Africans to become Ro­ tary Club was organized in 1919; 2. North tion. The Post Office Department has es­ tarians; 2. the need for peace and stability America., where the premier Rotary Club was timated the Journal's annual subsidy as among Africans; and 3. the desire to make a founded in 1905 by Paul P. Harris, lawyer; 3. Europe (continental), where the first Ro­ about $9.4 million. useful contribution toward world under­ tary Club was organized in 1920; 4. Austra­ Mr. Speaker, following is the lead edi­ standing and harmony. lia, where the first Rotary Club was orga­ torial which appeared in the September Another African who seemed impatient, nized in 1921; and 5. Africa., where the first 9 edition of the Wall Street Journal: wished that Rotary came to his country earli­ Rotary Club was organized in 1921. er. He said his countrymen had urgent needs POSTAL POLITICS to meet and serious problems to solve; that My visits to Rotary Clubs and contacts From all accounts Congress is likely to re­ there were not enough native hands to help with Rotarians a.round the world, were en­ ject any meaningful reform of the postal their communities in order to lighten the lightening and reassuring; enlightening be­ service-an unfortunate but nonetheless pre­ heavy burdens which Africans had carried cause I was enabled to understand why busi­ dictable outcome. for so long. nessmen and professionals were enthusiastic The chief trouble with the Post Office, after Why should we care about Africa? This is in serving neighbors and friends for the all, is its thorough immersion in partisan one of the burning questions of the day. common good. Rotarians by precept and ex­ politics. Congressmen enjoy playing for votes Rotarians are in a position to answer the ample do preach and practice the Golden by manipulating postal rates and workers' question because they are committed in one Rule, not the rule of gold. I became con­ pay, whatever the results may be in postal way or another to serve humankind. vinced that a.n organization like the Rotary, service. September 1 O, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25107 So it can't be counted surprising that that a fell ow Georgian has been named the problems and difficulties faced by many Congressmen are cool to the Adminis­ "Engineer of the Year." Mr. F. R. "Bob" America today. The text of the broadcast tration plan to turn the Post Office into a Prybylowski received this honor for his follows: public corporation that would set its own rates and salaries, raise funds by selling "outstanding achievements in engineer­ FEDERAL HELP OR SELF-HELP? bonds and largely balance its books. The law­ ing design, and his service to his profes­ (By Ed Wimmer) makers' rationalizations of their opposition, sion and his community." Before we get into tonight's main course, I however, are likely to sound ingenuous to An active member of the Cancer So­ would like to ask you a few questions which most citizens. ciety, United Appeals, and the Heart I hope will divert your attention away from One contention is that the Post Offic.e is Fund, Mr. Prybylowski has resided in whatever you may be doing. not just a business but a Government agen­ Georgia for 20 years. He is recognized as 1. Are you one of those people who believes cy with major public responsibilities that one of the foremost bridge designers of that a country can continue to tax and spend might sufl'er if put in the hands of a public and spend and tax in an expanding effort to corporation. It's surely true that the Post the Southeast. Mr. Prybylowski's achievements were support the artificial prosperity of a Welfare­ Office does have large public responsibilities, Warfare State, and do you believe that if but it's equally true that in recent years it cited in the following newspaper article our present tendency to build bigger chain has become more and more inept at handling which appeared on July 17, 1969, in the store systems, bigger unions, bigger farms, them. DeKalb New Era: bigger banking corporations, and bigger gov­ Perhaps there are reasons to quarrel about PRYBYLOWSKI Is GEORGIA'S ENGINEER OF THE ernment, also continues, that your children the precise mechanics of prying politics out YEAR will inherit anything that even resembles of the postal service. Yet a sensibly consti­ A Decatur resident, F. R. (Bob) Prybylow­ free enterprise and constitutional govern­ tuted and wisely run corporation could hard­ ment? ly fail to do a better job with the mails than ski, P. E., was named Georgia's "Engineer of the Year" at the annual meeting of the 2. Have you half-made up your mind that the present setup has done. individualistic capitalism won't work in our The demands on the service are growing Georgia Society of Professional Engineers in Atlanta last week. modern society? That the kind of middle enormously. The Post Office now handles class democracy we built around respected about 84 billion pieces of mail a year, more Prybylowski received the award for his "outstanding achievements in engineering professional people and independent enter­ than double the figure for 1945, and the fu­ prisers (in all fields), and people willing to ture trend is clearly upward. design, and his service to his profession and his community."' put in a day's work for a day's pay-with Despite all of the talk of the coming won­ young people beginning small enterprises up ders of Zip Code, the fact is that mail still A Georgia Tech graduate, Prybylowski hw. been a partner in the Atlanta engineering and down the Main Streets of America-is no is sorted manually into partitioned bins, in longer the American dream? much the same way that Benjamin Franklin fl.rm of Prybylowski and Gravino, Inc., since originally planned it. The speed and regular­ its formation in 1959. Since that time the 3. What are your convictions with regard ity of service steadily diminish. fl.rm has been responsible for civil and struc­ to the propaganda that those who work and The more candid Congressman may admit tural projects of over $100,000,000 valuation. do business have an obligation to keep every that they don't want to lose the campaign Their work as primary engineers on the At­ man and his family on some kind of perma­ support of big mailers, companies that use lanta Stadium and the Cincinnati-Ha.m.llton nent relief, helping to pay his rent or build the mails heavily for distribution of publica­ County Sports Stadium in Ohio, has received him a house, or should we have a job-making tions and advertising. If rates were set by a national recognition, including the American program, and say "here is your job; it may public corporation, these mailers no longer Institute of Steel Construction Architectural not be what you want, but it is a job, and would find it necessary to curry favor with Award of Merit for the Atanta Stadium, and whether you better yourself or not, is up to Congress-a development that most of the the Progressive Architecture Design Awards you. Your care is now your own responsibility, public could count as a blessing. Citation for the Cincinnati Stadium. not that of your neighbor"? The postal unions also play a part in the Prybylowski spent five years as an engi­ 4. How much basis is there to the charge opposition to the Administration's plan. The neer with the State Highway Department of top educators, men in public office, com­ unions have grown accustomed to bargaining prior to the formation of his consulting fl.rm, mentators, publishers, business leaders, et with legislators for higher pay, and then and is recognized as one of the foremost cetera, who insist that "capitalism will die swinging electoral support to those lawmak­ bridge designers in the Southeast. in the house of its friends from lack of ers who befriend them. A postal organization Prybylowski was selected for the Georgia support?" From competitive abuses? From that would end that sort of vote-buying sure­ honor from four candidates who had been monopolistic practices and political graft? ly would be in the general public's interest. honored in their local areas during 1969 5. My final question: Are you, whatever One of the more important advantages of "Engineers Week" in February. At that time your position in life, concerned enough the corporation plan is that it would at least he was selected as the "Atlanta Engineer of about the monopoly problem, about urban make it possible to breathe fresh air into the the Year" and received special commendation renewal problems, civil rights, infla­ system. Lawrence F. O'Brien, an early advo­ from the Georgia General Assembly. tion, unfair foreign and domestic competi­ cate of taking politics out of the Post Office, A native of Perth Amboy, New Jersey, Pry­ tion, the crime in our towns and cities, the testifies to the need for change: bylowski has lived in Georgia for 20 years wholesale murders in our Capital city-a "When I became Postmaster General in and currently resides at 209 East Parkwood rape a day, where government is made and 1965 I was confident that once I cleared out Road, Decaitur. He is a Past State President taxes are passed; the 25 teen-age killings in the deadwood and began to apply sound of the American Society of Civil Engineers Philadelphia this year-where the Liberty management principles, I could provide the and has been an active member of the Geor­ Bell hangs . . . Are you, I repeat, are you kind of mail service that our citizens de­ gia Society of Professional Engineers, Georgia concerned enough to put up your cash and mand. I was in for a rude awakening. There Architectural and Engineering Soviety, So­ give some of your time to keep this country was very little deadwood in personnel but ciety of American Military Engineers, Con­ from going the way of Rome, of Germany whenever I tried to apply sound management sulting Engineers Council of Georgia and before Hitler, or Britain today? principles, there was usually some arutiquated American Concrete Institute. These are my questions. Now listen to what law that prevented me from doing so." Pope Leo XIII wrote in one of his Encycli­ Some of the anti-change Congressmen ac­ cals before the turn of the century: tually argue that postal reform is pointless FEDERAL HELP OR SELF-HELP? "Let men try as they will. No strength since, under any system, the public would and no artifice will ever succeed in banish­ continue to blame Congress for shortcom­ ing from human life the llls and troubles ings. If the lawmakers really are concerned HON. M. ~ (GENE) SNYDER which beset it. If any there are who pre­ about citizens' feelings, you would think they tend-who hold out to hard pressed people would be anxious for a change--almost any OF KENTUCKY freedom from pain and trouble, undisturbed change--that might improve the malls. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES repose and constant enjoyment--they cheat Meanwhile the postal service continues to Wednesday, September 10, 1969 the people and impose upon them, and their spiral downhill and rates go on rising. And lying promises will only grow worse than there's no question at all about whom the Mr. SNYDER. Mr. Speaker, during a before. There is nothing so sad as to look public can blame for that. time when the dole approach to welfare is at the world as it really ts-and then look becoming totally discredited-and rightly elsewhere for a remedy to its troubles." so-and as we search for new approaches The Pope was not advocating, however, ENGINEER OF THE YEAR and ways out of the present welfare mess, that efforts be lessened in fighting poverty, ignorance, slums, graft, crime, child neglect, I submit the following text of a broad­ or other abuses. What he was driving at and HON. BENJAMIN B. BLACKBURN cast by Mr. Ed Wimmer, president of what we have been driving at in all of these OF GEORGIA Forward America, Inc.. of Covington, broadcasts, is that help that doesn't end IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Ky.-the public relations arm of the Na­ in self-help, and create desires for better­ tional Federation of Independent ment in this life, is not help at all, and it is Wednesday, September 10, 1969 Business. why I have continued to argue that when Mr. BLACKBURN. Mr. Speaker, re­ Ed Wimmer provides, through these people in our society keep hammering away cently, it was brought to my attention broadcasts, some helpful insights into on the theme of helping people without ham- 25108 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 10, 1969 mering away at the same time on self-help, person added to our membership wouldn't choice, a.nd for this reason he is more inter­ we are doing an injustice to that person mean too much, maybe I could relate that ested in better playgrounds, better parks and aided, and to society itself. Dr. Harry Fagedes, a Cincinnati optom­ other community developments. A young man who is given an OEO train­ etrist, came into our Covington office to ing, for example, ought to sign a contract discuss his concern over mergers taking that he will, over whatever length of time ls place in his professional field. We prepared TRIBUTE TO HON. CHARLES necessary, pay for that training when he a release on the subject, and mailed it JOELSON begins to capitalize on his learning; so his to all members of the Ohio Optometrical earnings m ay be used to train others. Association about to meet in convention. What is more harmful to human character This lone young man gaithered a few HON. WILLIAM F. RYAN than something which is constantly held up friends together, aroused their enthusiasm, as being free--to which no future obligation and for the first time an assembly of pro­ OF NEW YORK is attached? fessional people in the field of optometry IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES President Nixon should have kept saying adopted a resolution calling for an end to Thursday, September 4, 1969 what he did in one of his speeches: mergers and consolidations; for support of "The ghettos of our cities will be remade the independent wholesale laboratories Mr. RYAN. Mr. Speaker, I am de­ when the people in them have the will, the that faithfully aided in the development of lighted to join with my colleagues in power, the resources and the skill to remake the optometric profession. wishing out departing colleague, CHARLES them. They will not be remade by govern­ A leading wholesaler sent out an open JOELSON, continued success and happi­ ment billions . . .. The human and social letter following this resolution, in which he ness as he leaves us to devote his unusual conditions of the spirit are in large part de­ said: pendent upon our laying the foundation for "It would have been a lot easier and talents and ability to the judiciary. The an economic structure that can support a more profitable for me to sell our quality qualities of mind and character, which rebirth of pride, individualism and independ­ service business to a single big company, have made CHARLES JOELSON a respected ence." and stop competing with the undesirables and effective Congressman, will be inval­ The question ought to be, how do you and mass produced, inferior prescription uable assets to the Superior Court of create a foundation for "individualism" and work, but we have decided to stay independ­ New Jersey. "independence" with all the trends in agri­ ent because we believe there is a place for Knowing of his deep seated desire for culture, industry, labor, finance and govern­ quality minded wholesale houses in our judicial service, I am pleased that ment leading to the destruction of both? business. All rumors that we are selling In a recent broadcast I mentioned that the out, are untrue. We do care enough to stay CHARLES JOELSON's ambition has been re­ huge Litton Industries is financing a vast and fight. Do you? If not, we'd like to know." alized. However, knowing the void which chain of National Farm Stores, predicated on Ladies and gentlemen, the spirit of inde­ will be created among us in the House the idea of Iiterally swamping the rural pendent enterprise is not dead when one of Representatives, I am saddened be­ towns of America with 40-acre complexes, young man can walk into an organization cause of our loss. tied in with Gulf Oil and other huge com­ like our own, and in 90 days help to bring CHARLES JOELSON and I were first elec­ bines, and so located as to cover what they about the foregoing results. ted to the 87th Oongress and have served say in their own words "the entire agricul­ When you hear that old dirge that you together through five successive Con­ tural economy". An official of National Farm can't win, that people don't care, that inde­ Stores says there will be only 500,000 big pendents won't fight, keep in mind that so­ gresses. His friendship and companion­ farms in a few more years, and he further ciety still rests upon the spiritual more than ship have meant a lot to me, and I will said: the mechanical basis, and so long as there miss him as a friend as well as a re­ "We feel that once the National Farm are men who know this, and who know that spected and admired colleague who could Stores centers are established, they will take the temple of liberty and justice, in all alway be counted upon to make a telling care of all the needs of these farmers." things, rests upon their individual and col­ and effective contribution to debate. In­ Litton Industries, a huge conglomerate, has lective actions, a way will be found to take telligence and wit marked his comments that action. absorbed company after company, and con­ both on and off the floor. glomerates like Littons were called by Ameri­ Who would have believed during the recent can Finance Magazine: "Wolves of Wall national elections that Mr. Nixon would ap­ CHARLES JOELSON'$ leadership was par­ Street"-"Raiders"-"Take-over Titans''­ point an Attorney General, William Mitchell, ticularly effective recently during the and a leading columnist and commentator and an Assistant Attorney General, Antitrust oonsideration of the fiscal year 1970 ap­ called them "Hogs". We have been joined by Division, Richard McLaren, both of whom are propriation bill for the Departments of the National Farmers Organization, National now charged with being anti-bigness because Labor and Health, Education, and Wel­ Independent Bankers' Association, the Ore­ they said (in the words of Mr. Mitchell): fare. As a result of his efforts the Joelson gon Independent Retail Grocers' Association, "We do not want our little sized and smal­ amendment was adopted on the House and the National Association of Retail Drug­ ler cities to be merely branch store com­ gists, in an all-out battle to stop the liquida­ munities, nor do we want our average con­ floor, adding $894 million for educating tion of the family farm, and the further sumers to be second class economic citizens. the children of our country. spread of the conglomerates, combines and A community's independent businessmen The length and variety of his public huge chains, and if we are unsuccessful, in­ should have an opportunity to supply com­ service running through a continuous dependent, individual capitalism in the munity needs, its lawyers should have the period of almost 30 years have secured United States is doomed. opportunity to act as counsel, its unions for CHARLES JOELSON a conspicuous and There are those who say: should have the opportunity of negotiating permanent place upon our public rec­ in their own community for their members, "The public is too dumb to be educated. ords. As a member of the Naval Intelli­ Our kids are a bunch of long-haired bums. and its consumers should have the oppor­ The members of Congress a gang of graft­ tunity to exercise local economic options in gence Division in World War II, as the takers. The giants are too big to fight. I their choice of competing goods and city counsel of Paterson, N.J., as New have no time. We have spent our budget services." Jersey chairman of the National Insti­ for this year. I would be willing, but my Under no other system but widespread, in­ tute of Municipal Law Officers, as New partner said no. I'm too busy now, you'll dependent ownership of fa.rm, home and Jersey deputy attorney general, as act­ have to come back next year. I have a golf business enterprise, wherever practical and ing prosecutor of Passaic County, as di­ game this afternoon. I can't see you now. possible, with local control over local affairs rector of criminal investigation for the Et cetera. Et cetera." in government will such a way of life con­ State of New Jersey, and as a Member tinue to exist. But this has not stopped Forward Amer­ of this House since 1961, he has consist­ ica, Inc., and the National Federation of In­ This is why the National Federation of dependent Business, Inc., or the other or­ Independent Business, Inc. and Forward ently demonstrated both versatility and ganizations working with us, because we America, Inc. are fighting to save independ­ devotion to the public interest. have learned that it is the minority who ent business. "The More the Enterprisers the The House of Representatives and the carry all the battles for freedom; that if Freer the Nation," is our slogan, and in the Nation which it serves have benefited they can be found in time, they wm come promotion of this idea it is hoped that more immeasurably from his devoted service. through in time. We have auto dealers, people wlll patronize independent business, Let us not be content simply to deplore druggists, meat packers, dairy plants, brew­ helping in this way to build a better ers, funeral directors, all types of retailers. his loss, but let us resolve to bring about tomorrow. the necessary congressional reform great national concerns, bankers, doctors­ When people patronize independent stores, people in all walks of life who have sup­ for example, the profits on their transactions which would make it possible to keep ported Forward America since 1932, winning are ploughed back into the comm.unity in CHARLES JOELSON, and other talented and one battle after another, and the Federation which they live. The merchant, as a rule, able legislators in the future, as contrib­ since 1943, with a membership now of over owns his home or ls paying for one. He de­ uting members of this body. a quarter-mllllon, in NFIB. posits his money in the local bank. Sends his CHARLES JOELSON has been a crusad­ For those who would say that one more children to the school and church of his ing lawyer as well as an effective Repre- September 10, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25109 sentative; he will be an able and con­ Commenting on the new publisher, Howard in 1898 as The Chicago Daily News Foreign said: Service. It provides Publishers-Hall Syndi­ scientious judge. But above all, he will "Three years ago Marshall Field began a cate with a network of foreign a.nd domestic continue to devote his days and years five-year training program, working in each correspondents and feature writers. Their to bringing the best that this Nation of the 23 subsidiaries and divisions that make dispatches are run in almost 100 client news­ can offer to the citizens whom he con­ up our parent company, Field Enterprises, papers. tinues to serve. Inc. "His talent, probing curiosity and diligence have given him such an excellent under­ STATE ROLE IN OEO standing of the business that Marshall is MARSHALL FIELD ELECTED PUB­ ready to assume the position and responsi­ LISHER OF CHICAGO SUN-TIMES bility of publisher now. Under his creative HON. WILLIAM A. STEIGER leadership, The Chicago Sun-Times and The OF WISCONSIN AND CHICAGO DAILY NEWS Chicago Daily News will each continue to develop its own distinctive, strong image, and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES will achieve new challenging objectives." Wednesday, September 10, 1969 HON. ROMAN C. PUCINSKI ELECTED SENIOR VICE PRESIDENT OF ILLINOIS Mr. STEIGER of Wisconsin. Mr. A year ago (Sept. 4, 1968), Field was elected Speaker, OEO Director Don Rumsfeld IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES senior vice president of The Newspaper Di­ recently enunciated an important step Wednesday, September 10, 1969 vision and senior vice president of the cor­ porate division of Field Enterprises, Inc. He in the redirection of OEO to improve its Mr. PUCINSKI. Mr. Speaker, it was had been assistant to the general manager of services to the poor. with grea.t pleasure that I learned that The Newspaper Division since October 1965. In a speech on September 8 before the Marshall Field has been elected publisher In September 1965, Field was elected to the State Economic Opportunity Office Di­ of the Chicago Sun-Times and the Chi­ board of directors of Field Enterprises, Inc., rectors Conference he outlined steps to cago Daily News. to succeed his late father. He now serves on bring the States into a fuller partner­ the boards of directors of all subsidiaries and ship with OEO. For the benefit of my At the age of 28 he becomes one of divisions of the corporation. the youngest publishers of any major Field's professional memberships include colleagues I include the full text of his newspaper in the Nation. serving on the board of directors of the Bu­ address as a part of my remarks: I have every reason to believe that reau of Advertising of the American News­ STATE ROLE IN OEO young Marshall Field will follow with paper Publishers Assn. He also is a trustee (Statement by Donald Rumsfeld) great competence the footsteps of his of the American Newspaper Publishers Assn. As you are all well aware, we are mid­ highly respected father, Marshall Field Foundation. stream in a redirection and new emphasis Because of his keen interest in learning for the efforts of the Office of Economic Op­ IV, and his distinguished grandfather, through reading, Field accepted chairman­ Marshall Field m, who founded the Chi­ portunity. ship of the Committee for National Library The broad framework has been set down cago Sun, predecessor of today's Chicago Week in Illinois this year. He is a member for the reorganization of headquarters OEO Sun-Times. of the National Book Committee, Inc., and and we are now working the changes down The Field publications in Chicago have the Chicago Committee of the Chicago Coun­ through the individual divisions. of the made a particular impact on young mod­ cil on Foreign Relations. Washington and Regional offices. Although erns and so it is fitting and significant ACTIVE IN CIVIC AFFAms we are finding that reorganization of a gov­ tha,t a young man of 28 should take the In civic affairs, Field is a governing mem­ ernment agency is a timeconsuming, some­ helm of these two highly respected publi­ ber of the Chicago Orchestral Assn. and a what painful process, it is moving along with member of the board of directors of the steady progress. When complete, the agency cations. Field Foundation of Illinois, Inc., the Na­ will be better structured to perform the As one who for 20 years had a very tional Boulevard Bank of Chicago and the pioneering role the President has outlined for warm and friendly relation with the old Lyric Opera.. He is a trustee of the Art Insti­ us. Chicago Times and later the Chicago tute of Chicago a.nd of the Field Museum of At the same time, we have launched a Sun-Times, before I was elected to Con­ Natural History. study of the regions so the expansion from gress, I am particularly heartened by this While attending Harvard University, Field seven to ten regional offices can be accom­ election of Marshall Field. worked one summer in the editorial depart­ panied by a thoughtful reorganization of ment of the Boston Globe. After graduation, our field operations. It wa.s my great privilege to work with he worked for Random House and later the Other recent major changes have included his father when he took over stewardship New York Hera.Id-Tribune. He resigned to the delegation of Head Start and Job Corps of the Chicago Sun-Times and I also return t.o Chicago when his father died in a.nd the elevation of Legal Services and have fond recollections of working with 1965. Health Affairs to independent program di­ his grandfather. In July, 1964, Field began his military visions within OEO. Both Fields had a great love for Chi­ service with the U.S. Army at Fort Dix, N.J., No less significant for the future of the cago and both had an abiding desire and was released from active duty on Dec. agency in terms of productive change are the to 11, 1964. He currently is a member of the administrative steps we are taking to bring make their publication among the finest Illinois National Guard. the states into a fuller partnership with OEO. in the country. The morning newspaper, The Chicago Sun, It has become increasingly clear in my first I am sure the new publisher of these was founded by Field's grandfather, Marshall months in office that the resources available two outstanding newspapers will carry Field III, in 1941, the year Marshall Field V at the state level have not been brought to on the high standards of journalism set was born. In 1948, Marshall Field III merged bear as fully as they might have been in the by his father and grandfather. The Sun with The Chicago Times into a effort to build routes out of poverty. daily and Sunday newspaper and became The states have much to offer, yet they I am taking the privilege today of in­ publisher of The Chicago Sun-Times. cannot contribute effectively without the op­ cluding in the RECORD an article which Marshall Field IV, father of the present portunity for more meaningful participation. appeared in the Chicago Sun-Times an­ publisher, began his career in journalism on James Martin, representing the Naitional Gov­ nouncing the election of Marshall Field The Chicago Sun in 1946 as an apprentice. ernor's conference and the Council of State as publisher of the Chicago Sun-Times The following year he worked on the New Governments in testimony before the House and its sister paper, the Chicago Daily York Herald-Tribune. He returned to Chi­ Education and Labor Committee last April, News. cago in 1948 as assistant publisher and as­ made this case. He pointed out thait no new The article follows: sociate editor of The Chicago Sun-Times. In legislation is required because the existing 1950, at age 34, he was appointed edit.or and OEO legislation provides in 15 instances for FIELD Is ELECTED PUBLISHER OF SUN-TIMES, publisher of the paper. an active state role. But he added that full DAILY NEWS In 1959, Marshall Field IV bought the participation has not been encouraged by Marshall Field has been elected publisher Pulitzer Prize winning Chicago Daily News OEO officials. of The Chicago Sun-Times and The Chicago from John S. Knight, and became president, In the future, there will be encouragement. Daily News effective Oct. 1, Bailey K. Howard, editor and publisher of the newspaper. He I sent a letter t.o your governors last week president of The Newspaper Division of Field simultaneously held the same po6itions on asking for their assistance in marshalling Enterprises, Inc., announced Monday. The Chicago Sun-Times. ideas and resources for the development of At 28 yea.rs of age, Field is the youngest The Chicago Sun-Times ranks today as the economic opportunity. Coordination and oo­ publisher of any major newspaper in the fifth largest morning newspaper in the na­ operation between OEO and the governor-s' nation. The title of publisher of the two tion. In the afternoon field, The Chica.go offices are vital 1f we a.re going to en.a.ble Field newspapers has not been used since the Daily News is also in fifth plaoe. The Chi­ underprivileged Americans to join in the death of Field's father, Marshall Field IV, cago Daily News/Sun-Times Service is Amer­ economic benefits of our society. in September of 1965. ica's oldest auxiliary wire service, founded Words like coordination, cooperation, and 25110 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 10, 1969 participation can easily become lip-service phrase "a more meaningful role for the zens and a devoted public servant. The phrases surrounding a policy of inactivity. states." Details on the steps taken a.nd those Nation has lost one of its outstanding But I intend to see that these words mean to be taken will be available in the imme­ patriots. We who were privileged to know what they say in relationship of OEO to the diate future. states. There will be fuller consultaition with Our firm intention to make the state-OEO him mourn the loss of a kind and gentle the governors in OEO matters affecting their relationship a day-to-day working partner­ friend. staites. ship is also reflected in the reorganization of I extend my deepest sympathy to his This new posture for OEO is consistent the headquarters office. Instead of an iso­ wife, Mary, and his family. with the overall Administration policy of lated office for state relations on the staff giving states a greater share of the responsi­ level, the new structure places the state bility for the operation of governmerut pro­ liaison office directly in the major decision­ grams in our federally-structured system. making process of the agency. A FADING SHADOW This reversal of the trend of three decades A new State and Local Government Rela­ was a key point in President Nixon's speech tions Division is being established in the to the National Governor's Conference in Office of Operations. This means the views Colorado Springs last week. He said, "Wash­ of SEOO directors will be heard in the devel­ HON. MICHAEL A. FEIGHAN ington will no longer try to go it a.lone. Wash­ opment of OEO operating policy and proce­ OF OHIO ington will no longer dictate without con­ dure, since the Office of Operations will be IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES sulting." headed by a presidential appointee with re­ Wednesday, September 10, 1969 Regarding OEO, the administrative author­ sponsibility for most of the field activities of ity provided for in the Economic Opportunity the agency. SEOO contributions will be fed Mr. FEIGHAN. Mr. Speak.er, our Act will be exercised. After careful study a.nd directly to the man making the key decisions merchant marine fleet, often referred to review, I have decided to take several steps for field operations. to strengthen the state contnibuitl.on to the as "Our Fourth Arm of Defense," has Another administrative action of impor­ been reduced to a shadow of its former poverty program_. tance to the states is the revision of the some of these changes are spelled out in guidelines implementing the Green Amend­ self, especially in terms of international a completely revised OEO instruction on the ment. We are presently working on new prestige. role of the State Economic Opportunity Of­ guidelines to rewrite the language which has The following brochure, published by fices, a draft of which will be mailed out to the Labor-Management Maritime Com­ you and your governors for comment shortly. been construed by some to have inhibited Among the changes are: the use of the amendment by the states. mittee, sets forth our Nation's maritime Greater involvement of the SEOOs in the These changes all move in the direction of plight and outlines the response we must regional funding plans for OEO-funded pro­ more effective working relationships for the make to avert the continuance of the grams within each state. states with OEO. But this is not the final downward trend. Systematic consultation with the SEOOs word on this subject. The brochure fallows: in the training and technical assistance In two months, a nationwide evaluation of the SEOOs by the Midwest Research In­ THE U.S. MERCHANT MARINE---0UR FOURTH process. ARM OF DEFENSE Fuller participation of SEOOs in the mon­ stitute will be completed. That study, along itoring and evaluation of OEO-funded pro­ with the consultation I recently invited in Self-preservation is the first law of nature. grams. my letter to the governors of the 50 states, Likewise, national perpetuation is the first · A requirement that Regional Offices work will be carefully reviewed with an eye to and most basic law of any nation. Its free­ out a joint agreement with the SEOOs on still further improvements In their relation­ dom, its security and its national defense are the coordination of field personnel activities. ships. protected by its military strength. All major Increased emphasis on the role of the SEOO Our partnership will not be a static. I am conflicts between nations involve the sea as a mobilizer of state resources for use confident that it will continue to evolve as lanes of the world. The possession of adequate against poverty. better ideas are found to make the Federa.1- sea power is thus imperative. Every major A clear statement encouraging a more im­ regional-state-local system work more effec­ seagoing military mission must be backed portant role for the SEOOs in state govern­ tively for the benefit of the poor. up by maritime transport capability. This is ment. the role of the U.S. Merchant Marine. For Under active consideration are proposals this reason it is aptly termed "our fourth for: arm of defense." Achieving adequate staffing for SEOO "PORQUE" PATTEN Today, ex-cept for the liner fleet, the U.S. offices. Merch,ant Marine has diminished to a shadow Greater use of states for research and dem­ of its former self while the nation rema.in.s onstration projects in areas where they have HON. JAMES J. DELANEY indifferent to its plight. The degree of this special expertise. indifference is in direct proportion to the In-service training for OEO personnel on OF NEW YORK peril the nation faces by continued maritime the workings of state government and, vice­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES neglect. This brochure sets forth our mari­ time plight and certain corrective measures versa, for SEOO personnel on the workings of Monday, September 8, 1969 the Federal government. to offset the peril to our seagoing oapability Where the added responsibilities imposed Mr. DELANEY. Mr. Speaker, I was which in turn adversely affects our national on the state offices require more staffing and deeply grieved to learn of the passing of security. resources, and where innovation and effec­ our friend and former colleague from THE RUSSIAN DRIVE TO THE SEA tiveness have been shown, we will attempt to Arizona, the Honorable Harold A. The Russian bear is already ma.nipulating increase the budgets of individuaJ. state of­ "Porque" Patten. its sea power like marionettes in the strategic fices. sealanes of the world. Some steps have already been taken in re­ "Porque" was a warm and friendly per­ son, who had a great many friends on The Soviets have boasted that "The :flag cent months to upgrade the relationship be­ of th,e Soviet Navy now proudly flies over tween SEOO offices and OEO. They include: both sides of the aisle. He was a valued the oceans of the world. Sooner or later, the The initiation and funding of a program member of the Committee on Armed United States will have to understand that of poverty-oriented state planning grants in Services, and the Committee on Veterans' it no longer has mastery of the sea.s". Its tenSEOOs. Affairs. He worked with diligence and ef­ rapidly expanding merchant marine gives Three pilot projects for State Special Tech­ fectiveness to serve his constituents and great credence to this boast. nical Assistance (State/STAP) Programs. the Nation, and contributed greatly to The USSR is the fastest growing maritime An effort to strengthen the checkpoint the work of the House of Representatives. nation on earth. It now presses Japan for system for processing grants. fifth place and will rapidly continue to move A directive has been written and will be He was an outstanding athlete at the higher. sent shortly to the regional offices and con­ University of Arizona, and, after gradua­ It doubled its merchant fleet tonnage in tractors for training and technical assist­ tion, devoted his talents to the field of the period 1961-65. ance. It sets forth their responsiblllties for public recreation where he provided in­ It is expected to expand an added 50 % by working with SEOOs in this area. tion, devoted his talents to the field of 1970 for a total of 14 million DWT. This will Another program which will receive major young people. He served with valor and overtake and surpass the U.S. emphasis in the coming months is the Fed­ distinction as a combat observer with the The USSR has been adding in excess of eral-State-Information Exchange System. Army Air Corps in World War II and 1,000,000 DWT per year to its merchant :fleet. As a result of a recent decision, this method rose to the rank of major. After the war The United States has been adding only of linking Washington and the states is being 170,000 DWT annually in recent years up expanded to include half of the 50 states, he maintained an active interest in vet­ through 1967. and it has bright prospects for still further erans' affairs, and was proud of his serv­ Well over 80% of the Soviet merchaint :fleet expansion. ice in the Air Force Reserve, from which is less than 10 years old. Conversely, more In short, we are seeking a wide variety of he retired in 1960 as a lieutenant colonel. than 80% of the U.S. merchant fleet is over ways to put substance into the oft-used Arizona has lost one of its finest citi- 20 years of age. This means four out of every September 10, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25111

five Soviet merchant ships are new; four out Both shipyard support and national de­ before going wholly foreign, they now seek of every five U.S. merchant ships are old. fense features have been provided by Gov­ a corner on an military cargo. To achieve this A Senate Committee on Commerce Report ernment under the Merchant Marine Act of they have gone on a DUAL SUBSIDY KICK (December 1967) points out that in "out­ 1936 for just such a purpose. Neither re­ from which neither the rulings of the Comp­ standing orders for dry cargo vessels, the dounds to the operators who are committing troller General nor the Acting Mari time Ad­ Soviet Union is now leading all competitors" over $2 billion in private funds for new ship ministrator have been able to extricate them. (28 % Otf the WOTld's dry cargo ships on order). construction. U.S. Flag operators must build their ships In 1968 Russia had 456 merchant ships on The new ships are used substantially in in U.S. yards. order. The U.S. had only 51. supporting the Vietnam conflict, both on Shipyard subsidy, as its name implies, goes The United States, because of budget pri­ route and under direct charter. to U.S. shipyards to offset differentials in vation and indifferenc.e to its national mari­ However, Vietnam is a limited confilct, cost with foreign ya.rds. Yet the dissident time poMcy, constructs an average of only fought with Uncle Sam's hands partially carriers demand it be reclaimed from those 8 to 10 merchant ships a year for the foreign tied behind his back. Such a military engage­ who never received it-the berth line carriers commerce under the 1936 merchant marine ment does not justify the abandonment of operating under the 1936 Merchant Marine act. all the nation's commercial sealanes to for­ Act. By this device they hope to disadvantage The Soviet Union thus drives to the sea eign flag shipping. such lines and gain a.11 Government transport in a massive effort to dominate it. The U.S., Were this done, much of it would never be business for their own aging :fleets. meanwhile, drives toward a maritime grave­ regained. Nevertheless, subsidy contract lines On February 28, 1968, the Acting Mari­ yard with accelerating pace to lose it. have responded with ships for both military time Administrator advised them that their MARITIME GRAVEYARD and commercial purposes. war-built ships were "not under any disad­ One segment of the merchant fleet does Operators of old World War II fleets at­ vantage vis-a-vis any other ship of com­ not have the mortuary tow attached to it-­ tempt to deprecate these efforts while boast­ parable age", pointing out that capital costs the liner fleet operating under subsidy con­ ing of their own Vietnam participation. of ships were comparable whether built under tract. This segment remains strong and Actually, Vietnam was a Godsend to them. construction subsidy or sold under the 1946 Many of their ships are so non-competitive viable. Ship Sales Act. The Merchant Marine Act of 1936 (Sec­ in commercial operation that military em­ He then rejected their concept of repay­ tion 101) declares "it is necessary for the ployment, on a sizable scale, is a considerable ment of construction differential subsidy, national defense ... that the United States bonanza. Since most unsubsidized ships are holding it "would introduce an element, not shall have a merchant marine ... capable so old they can't qualify for commercial in­ of equity but of inequity". surance at reasonable rates, the carriage of In a previous attempt, these carriers sought of serving as a naval and military auxiliary self-insured government cargo solves many in time of war or national emergency." repayment of operating differential subsidy shipping problems for an ill-fated fleet faced from subsidy contract lines where miUtary To that end, liner ships, constructed under with accelerating decay. such act are built with modern defense ca­ or aid cargo is carried. On October 14, 1966, Their attacks upon the contract-supported the Comptroller General ruled that such pability and with special defense features lines is a classic example of inconsistency. determined by the Navy. support was for maintaining regular services To that end, subsidy contract lines have On the one hand, they charge them with do­ on the route--not for carrying Government developed the RESPOND program to provide ing too little in military transport and in the cargo. He held that such costs were not af­ sealift capability to DOD on a short-of-war second breath attack the RESPOND program feo~d ~y . partial lot Government cargo basis. This program commits all subsidy for providing too much. carried incidental to the service. One group called AUL (American Unsub­ contract lines [and all others interested in Subsidy contract operation under the 1936 sidized Lines) has been in the vanguard of the National Defense] to meet the needs of Merchant Marine Act imposes limitations and DOD in progressive steps up to and including this charge. Yet, as of December 31, 1967, the obligations conceived in the national interest full fleet utilization for the defense of the subsidy contract lines had approximately for maximum customer service. twice the AUL ships and twice their ton­ nation. These limitations and obligations, while Both the Comptroller General and the De­ nage on charter to the milltary-39 vs. 20 publicly beneficial, serve to depress profits partment of Defense have endorsed thb ships and 455,000 DWT vs. 231,000 DWT. and offset subsidy payments without refer­ RESPOND concept. It is sim nar to the highly The dissident carriers eulogize the per­ ence to partial lot military cargo carried in­ successful CRAF program which commits the formance of "the unsubsidized ships and cidental to service on the route. Such cargo World War rust relics which had been taken rs, therefore, not a factor in competitive rate airlines to provide airlift capability to DOD. making. It is now vigorously opposed by the owners out of mothballs", but minimize "the amount of the "Rustic Relics"-the tottering GRAND­ of Vietnam-bound cargo carried by the sub­ Ships chartered to the Government for full FATHER SHIPS of World War II. sidized segment of the :fleet". load carriage go off operating differential sub­ These owners have sought to exclude new On one hand, they view with alarm the sidy. Under such circumstance, dual subsidy fast ships of the contract-supported lines great amount of military cargo oarried by simply cannot exist. from the defense of the nation by imposing contract-supported lines such as '"automo­ Those claiming that subsidy contract lines special penalties on their use. They are at­ biles, household goods and personal effects" generally enjoy a high profit level due to mili­ tempting to secure a monopoly on the car­ and "food, clothlng and medical supplies tary transport need only look at comparative riage of all government cargo at high rates destined for military installations a.round the rates of return on equity and long-term debt and guaranteed profit. Thus they hope to globe", and, on the other hand, criticize it in both peace and war time operation. for not carrying more. Subsidy contract lines breathe a little more life in to the GRAND­ They decry what they call "low" partici­ FATHER SHIPS. pation of subsidy contract lines in military Year: Percent of return The Acting Maritime Administrator re­ 1958 jected such preposterous attempts on Feb­ transport, then complain because such lines ------,------5.9 are carrying too muoh Of it worldwide. 1959 ruary 28, 1968, when he refused to "impose ------·------3.2 They complain that the subsidy contract 1960 ------·------2. 8 a surcharge or penalty in the military char­ lines "were carrying only 17.1 %" Vietnam 1961 ters of the newer ships." 1962 ------2.8 His action sustains the concept that to military cargo ( one isolated quarter of 1967) ------3.9 but object bitterly to the RESPOND program 1963 ------3.9 perpetuate antiquated sea power is to risk designed to transport more. 1964 ------4.5 the national security; that the ddsires of a 1965 ------·------3. 3 small and decaying segment of the industry They decry their lack of modern ships to more effectively serve the armed forces but 1966 ------4.8 must not impair the national interest. oppose increased participation by those who 1967 ------·------2. 3 "It is high time we strengthen our fourth 1968 ------not yet available arm of defense with an aggressive joint in­ do possess them. dustry-government effort toward maritime They have climbed upon a TEETER-TOT­ The highest return was before the Vietnam improvement. TER without knowing which end to ride. war; the lowest in one of the heaviest war While the Russian Bear grows massive in While they TEETER on one side, THEIR years. size, the U.S. has struggled through two AGING FLEETS TOTTER WITH THEM on Actually, the profit level of the subsidy decades of inept maritime action. In this the other; albeit over an abyss of decay and contract lines ranks at the bottom of the 50 year 1969, another MOUNTAIN of effort must obsolescence. major U.S. industries. not again BRING FORTH A MARITIME OUR DEFENSE MUST NOT BE ALLOWED An industry report [based on Maritime MOUSE. TO TO'ITER WITH THEM TO DESTRUC­ Administration data) shows the following TION. SADDLING THE NATIONAL DEFENSE WITH comparisons for three representative years of MARITIME OBSOLESCENCE DEFENSE AND THE DUAL SUBSIDY KICK return on "net worth and long-term debt" In a declared war of any major proportion, Some dry cargo carriers will be virtually for subsidy contract and selected non-subsidy merchant ships to back up our military forces forced from the seas in a few years; not by contract lines. will not be the obsolete rust buckets of World the RESPOND program; not by subsidy con­ Subsidy contract lines War II. tract lines; but by technical obsolescence, Year: Percent They will be our new fast modem ships higher insurance rates, heavy maintenance 1964 ------4.6 built chiefly by the contract-supported lines costs, and non-competitive ships. 1965 ------3.3 and other new ships yet to be oonstructed. Perhaps in a final effort to maximize profits 1966 ------5.4 25112 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 10, 1969 Nonsubsidy contract li nes The fast, new ships of the subsidy contra.ct the NBEDC or IFCO, they would be well Year: Percent lines constructed under the Merchant Marine Act of 1936 represent our best arm of mari­ advised to read the Black Manifesto be­ 1964 ------6.5 fore deciding. To provide wider dissemi­ 1965 ------7.2 time support to the nation's naval and mili­ 1966 tary forces. Old ships of World War II vin­ nation of this document, I insert it in ------9.5 tage weaken rather than strengthen this the RECORD at this point: Actually, one of the largest non-subsidy logistic maritime support. By 1972, virtually BLACK MANIFESTO contract lines showed a return on net worth all will be over 25 years old. alone of 61.1 % in 1965; 39.9% in 1966 and Efforts to saddle our future defense with (Presentation by James Forman, delivered 48.9 % in 1967. Such lines have high profits such relics of a. bygone age a.re futile and m­ and adopted by the National Black Eco­ because they concentrate on carrying full conceived. We need to strengthen both our nomic Development Conference in Detroit, ship loads of government cargo in older fully commercial and military sea. power in the Michigan on April 26, 1969) depreciated ships. interest of both progress and safety. INTRODUCTION-TOTAL CONTROL AS THE ONLY Nevertheless such lines operating with The nation needs to build up its sea. power SOLUTION TO THE ECONOMIC PROBLEMS Oi' complete freedom from the limitations and capabi11ty by adopting a new rea.listlc ship­ BLACK PEOPLE obligations of subsidy contracts, have built building program. Such a program should no new dry cargo ships specifically for the Brothers and Sisters: We have come from insure participation by all segments of our all over the country, burning with anger foreign commerce. U.S. merchant marine. The Labor-Manage­ It seems clear that the "dual subsidy" kick and despair not only with the miserable eco­ ment Maritime Committee supports such ob­ nomic plight of our people, but fully a.ware is without foundation. Governmental review jectives. at the highest levels has rejected it. In spite that the racism on which the Western World of this fact, the dissident carriers continue was built dominates our lives. There can be to beat the drum and sing out like Johnny­ no separation of the problems of racism from one-note-a false song for a false cause. THE BLACK MANIFESTO the problems of our economic, politlca.l, and cultural degradations. To any black man, this THE RESPOND PROGRAM-WHAT IT IS is clear. The U.S.-flag Merchant Marine plays three But there are still some of our people who vital roles: HON. JOHN M. ASHBROOK are clinging to the rhetoric of the Negro and 1. Contributes to the economic welfare of OF OHIO we must separate ourselves from those the U.S. by (a) improving the balance of pay­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Negroes who go around the country promot­ ments; (b) providing jobs and opportunities ing all types of schemes for Black Capi­ for U.S. capital; and (c) facilitating our na­ Wednesday, September 10, 1969 talism. tional position in world trade. Mr. ASHBROOK. Mr. Speaker, last Ironically, some of the most militant BLack 2. Affects significantly our diplomatic­ week, meeting on the campus of Notre n ationalists, as they call themselves, have political position in world affairs. Dame, the Protestant Episcopal Church been the first to jump on the bandwagon of 3. Supports national security by providing black capitalism. They are pimps: Black sealift to the Defense Establishment and mili­ voted $200,000 to help in the economic Power Pimps and fraudulent leaders and the tary forces. development of Negro people. According people must be educated to understand that In a peacetime situation national defense t.o press accounts, the money would go any black man or Negro who is advocating a needs are small. The U.S. Merchant Marine to the National Committee of Black perpetuation of capitalism inside the United consequently may center attention on econ­ Churchmen with the unwritten under­ Stat es is in fact seeking not only his ulti­ omic and commercial activities. standing that the funds will be channeled mate destruction and death, but is contrib­ In a full wartime situation, economic and directly to the National Black Economic uting to the continuous exploitation of black diplomatic needs are integrated with those Development Conference. people all around the world. For it is the of the national security. The U.S. Merchant power of the United States Government, this Marine ls correspondingly integrated with It will be remembered that the NBEDC racist, imperialist government that is chok­ the military forces as a fourth arm of defense. met in Detroit, Mich., on April 25, 1969, ing the life of all people around the world. In emergency situations short of full war, and, among other things, approved the We are an African people. We sit back and the several roles of the U.S. Merchant Marine Black Manifesto which was read to the watch the Jews in this country make Israel are subject to conflicting demands. Vital conference by James Forman, director a powerful conservative state in the Middle commercial operations may be curtailed to of International Affairs of the Student East, but we are not concerned actively about meet military demands. Careful judgments the plight of our brothers in Africa. We are are necessary in allocating ffeet usage to Nonviolent Coordinating Committee. The the most advanced technological group of conflicting needs. conference was sponsored by the Inte-r­ bla.ck people in the world, and there are The RESPOND program is an instru­ religious Foundation for Community many skills that could be offered to Africa. mentality to solve these problems through Organization of New York City, a foun­ At the same time, it must be publicly stated scheduled a.va.1la.b111ty of sea.lift. dation established several years ago that many African leaders are in disarray RESPOND provides five stages of quantita­ which has as charter members a num­ themselves, having been duped into follow­ tive sealift between all out peace and all out ber of large religious denominations here ing the lines as laid out by the Western Im­ war. in the United States. perialist governments. Appropriate Government agencies may in­ Africans them.selves succumbed to and are voke the various stages in accordance with As many churchmen now know, the vict ims of the power of the United States. emergency or security needs. Black Manifesto demanded of the "White For instance, during the summer of 1967, as Sea.lift may be provided as follows: Christian Churches and the Jewish Syn­ the representatives of SNCC, Howard Moore 1. Complete ship usage through charter agogues in the United States of America and I traveled extensively in Tanzania and to Government. and all other racist institutions" a sum Zambia. We talked to high, very high, gov­ 2. Pre-emption of any space by the military of $500 million as reparation for the ernment officials. We told them there were on regular trade route operation. wrongs done to the Negro people in the many black people in the United States who 3. Solicitation of military cargo by ship past. The demands were later increased were willing to come and work in Africa. All operators. these government officials who were part of Ship utilization under all three methods is to $3 billion. t he leadership in their respective govern­ available to Government "on a graduated In all probability, not t.oo many church­ ments, said they wanted us to send as many fleet percentage basis." goers have had an opportunity to read skilled people that we could cont act. But this program never came into fruition and Availability the full text of the Black Manifesto and Percent of the prefacing remarks made by James we do not know the exact reason, for I as­ Forman at the conference. A recent Gal­ sure you that we talked and were committed Stages: capacity to making this a successful program. It is I ------20 lup poll found that even among Negroes, our guess that the United States put the II ------25 only 21 percenJt actively favor his demand squeeze on these countries, for such a pro­ III ------33 for "reparations," and speakers at the gram directed by SNCC would h ave been too IV ------50 recent NAACP convention denounced his dangerous to the international prestige of V ------66 approach. the U.S. It is also possible that some of the All out war ------100 Part 19 of the hearings, "Riots, Civil wild statements by some black leaders fright­ Private merchant fleet utilization is pro- and Criminal Disorders," by Senator ened the Africans. gressively coordinated with expanded ship as­ In Africa today, there is a great suspicion signments from MSTS and the National De­ McCLELLAN'S Permanent Subcommittee of black people in this country. This is a cor­ fense Reserve Fleet, thus committing all seg­ on Investigations, carries both the open­ rect suspicion since most of the Negroes who ments of U.S. merchant sea power. ing remarks and the manifesto as it was have left the States for work in Africa usu­ "Respond" ls a responsible and responsive delivered by James Forman in April. For ally work for the Central Intelligence Agency plan to help meet both the commercial and those members of the various churches (CIA) or the Stat-e Department. But the re­ mmtary commitments of the United States. who might contemplate contributing to spect for us as a people continues to mount September 10, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25113 and the day will come when we can return to but it is not enough to say that a black man and we insist that the planners of this con­ our homeland as brothers and sisters. But we is on top. He must be committed to building ference help us implement them. should not think of going back to Africa to­ the new society, to taking the wealth away We maintain we have the revolutionary day, for we are located in a strategic position. from the rich people such as General Motors, right to do this. We have the same rights, We live in.side the U.S. which is the most bar­ Ford, Chrysler, the DuPonts, the Rockefel­ if you will, a.s the Christians had in going baric country in the world and we have a lers, the Mellons, and all the other rich white into Africa and raping our Motherland and chance to help bring this government down. exploiters and racists who run this world. bringing us away from our continent of peace Time is short and we do not have much Where do we begin? We have already and into this hostile and alien environment time and it is time we stop mincing words. started. We started the moment we were where we have been living in perpetual war­ Caution is fine, but no oppressed. people ever brought to this country. In fact, we started fare since 1619. gained their liberation until they were ready on the shores of Africa, for we have always Our seizure of power at this conference is to fight, to use whatever means necessary, in­ resisted. attempts to make us slaves and now based on a program and our program is con­ cluding the use of force and power of the gun we must resist the attempts to make us tained in the following Manifesto: to bring down the colonizer. capitalists. It is in the financial interest of We the black people assembled in Detroit, We hav·e heard the rhetoric, but we have the U.S. to make us capitalists, for this will Michigan for the National Black Economic not heard the rhetoric which says that black be the same line as that of integra. tion into Development Conference are fully a.ware people in this country must understand that the main-stream of American life. Therefore, that we have been forced to come together we are the Vanguard Force. We shall liberate brothers and sisters, there is no need to fall because racist white America. has exploited all the people in the U.S. and we will be into the trap that we have to get an ideology. our resources, our minds, our bodies, our la­ instrumental in the liberation of colored peo­ We HA VE an ideology. Our right is against bor. For centuries we have been forced to live ple the world around. We must understand racism., capitalism and imperialism and we as colonized people inside the United States, this point very clearly so that we a.re not are dedicated to building a socialist society victimized by the most vicious, racist system trapped into diversionary and reactionary inside the United States where the total in the world. We have helped to build the movements. Any class analysis of the U.S. means of production and distribution are in most industrial country in the world. shows very clearly that black people are the the hands of the State and that must be led We are therefore demanding of the white most oppressed group of people inside the by black people, by revolutionary blacks who Christian churches and Jewish synagogues United States. We have suffered the most are concerned. about the total humanity of which are part and pa.reel of the system of from racism and exploitation, cultural degra­ this world. And, therefore, we obviously a.re capitalism, that they begin to pay repara­ dation and lack of political power. It follows different from some of those who seek a black tions to black people in this country. We are from the laws of revolution that the most nation in the United States, for there is no demanding $500,000,000 from the Christian oppressed will make the revolution, but we way for that nation to be viable, if in fact white churches and the Jewish synagogues. are not talking about just making the revo­ the United States remains in the hands of This total comes to 15 dollars per nigger. lution. All the parties on the left who con­ white racists. Then too, let us deal with some This is a low estimate for we maintain there sider themselves revolutionary will say that arguments that we should share power with are probably more than 30,000,000 black blacks are the Vanguard, but we are saying whites. We say that there must be a revolu­ people in this country. $15 a nigger ts not a that not only are we the Vanguard, but we tionary black Vanguard and that white peo­ large sum of money a.nd we know that the must assume leadership, total control and we ple in this country must be willing to accept churches and synagogues have a tremendous must exercise the humanity which is in­ black leadership, for that is the only protec­ wealth and its membership, white America, herent in us. We are the most humane people tion that black people have to protect our­ has profited and still exploits black people. within the U.S. We have suffered and we selves from racism rising again in this coun­ We are also not unaware that the exploita­ understand suffering. Our hearts go out to try. tion of colored peoples around the world is the Vietnamese for we know what it is to suf­ Racism in the U.S. is so pervasive in the aided and abetted by the white Christian fer under the domination of racist America. mentality of whites that only a.n armed, well­ churches a.nd synagogues. This demand for Our hearts, our souls and all the oomo-assion disciplined, black-controlled. government can $500,000,000 is not a.n idle resolution or we can mount goes out to our brothers in insure the stamping out of racism in this empty words. Fifteen dollars for every black Africa, Santa. Domingo, Latin America. and country. And that is why we plea.cl with black brother and sister in the United States is only Asia who are being tricked by the power people not to be talking about a few crumbs, a beginning of the reparations due us as structure of the U.S. which is dominating the a few thousand dollars for this cooperative, people who have been exploited and de­ world today. These ruthless barbaric men a thousand dollars which splits black people graded, brutalized, killed and persecuted. have systematically tried to kill all people into fighting over the dollar. That is the in­ On~erneath all of this exploitation, the and organizations opposed to its imperialism. tention of the government. We say ... think racism of this country has produced a psy­ We no longer can just get by with the use in terms of total control of the U.S. Prepare chological effect upon us that we're begin­ of the word capitalism to describe the U.S., ourselves to seize state power. Do not hedge, ning to shake off. We are no longer afraid to for it is an imperial power, sending money, for time is short and all around the world, demand our full rights as a people in this missionaries and the army throughout the the forces of liberation are directing their decadent society. world to protect this government and the few attacks against the U.S. It is a powerful We are demanding $500,000,000 to be spent rich whites who control it. General Motors country, but that power is not greater than in the following way: and all the major auto industr.ies are operat­ that of black people. We work the chief in­ (I) We call for the establishment of a ing in South Africa, yet the white dominated dustries in this country and we could cripple Southern land bank to help our brothers leadership Of the United Auto Workers sees the economy while the brothers fought guer­ and sisters who have to leave their land no relationship to the exploitation of black rllla wa.rfare in the streets. This will take because of racist pressure for people who people in SoutJh Africa and the exploitation some long range planning, but whether it want to establish cooperative farms, but who of black people in the U.S. If they under­ happens in a thousand years is of no conse­ have no funds. We have seen too many stand it, they certainly do not put it into quence. It cannot happen unless we s·tart. farmers evicted from their homes because practice which is the actual test. We as black How then is all of this related to this con­ they have dared to defy the white racism of people must be concerned with the total con­ ference? this country. We need money for land. We ditions of all black people in the world. First of a.11, this conference is called by a must fight for massive sums of money for "• • • no oppressed people have ever gained set of religious people, Christians who have this Southern Land Bank. We call for $200,- their liberation until they were ready to fight, been involved in the exploitation and rape 000,000 to implement this program. to use whatever means necessary, including of black people since the country was (2) We call for the establishment of four the use of force and power of the gun to founded. The missionary goes hand in hand major publishing and printing industries in bring down the colonizer. JAMES FORMAN. with the p(i)wer of the states. We must begin the United States to be funded with ten But while we talk of revolution, which will seizing power wherever we are and we must million dollars each. These publishing houses be an armed confrontation and long yea.rs say to the planners of this conference that are to be located in Detroit, Atlanta, Los of sustained guerrilla warfare inside this you are no longer in charge. We the people Angeles, and New York. They will help to country, we must also talk of the type of who have assembled here thank you for get­ generate capital for further cooperative in­ world we wallit to live in. We must commit ting us here, but we are going to assume vestments in the black community, provide ourselves to a society where the total means power over the conference and determine jobs and an alternative to the white-domi­ nated. and controlled printing field. of production are taken from the rich people from this moment on the direction in which and pl·aced. into the hands of the state for we want it to go. We are not saying that the (3) We call for the establishment of four of the most advanced scientific and futuristic the welfare of all the people. This is what we conference was planned badly. The staff of mean when we say total control. And we audio-visual network to be located in Detroit mean that black people who have suffered the conference has worked hard a.nd have Chicago, Cleveland and Washington, D.c'. the most fron:t exploitation and racism must done a magnificent job in bringing all of us These TV networks will provide an alterna­ move to protect tli>.eir bla.ck interest by as­ together and we must include them in the tive to the racist propaganda that fills the suming leadership inside of the United States new leadership which must surface from this current television networks. Each of these of everything that exists. The time has passed point on. The Conference is now the property TV networks will be funded by ten mi111on when we are second in command and the of the people who a.re assembled here. This dollars ea.ch. white boy stands on top. This is especially we proclaim as fact and not rhetoric and (4) We call for a research skills center true of the Welfare Agencies in this country, there a.re demands that we are going to make which will provide research on the problems CXV--1582-Part 18 25114 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 10, 1969 of black people. This center must be funded (4) We call for the total disruption of se­ have to declare war on the white Christian with no less than 30 million dollars. lected church sponsored agencies operating churches and synagogues and this means we (5) We call for the establishment of a anywhere in the U.S. and the world. Black may have to fight the total government training center for the teaching of skills in workers, black women, black students and the structure of this country. Let no one here community organization, photography, movie black unemployed are encouraged to seize think that these demands will be met by making, televi&ion making and repair, rad.lo the offices, telephones, and printing appa­ our mere stating them. For the sake of the building and repair and all other skills ratus of all church sponsored agencies and churches and synagogues, we hope thait they needed in communication. This training to hold these in trusteeship until our de­ have the wisdom to understand that these center shall be funded with no less than ten mands are met. demands are modest and reasonable. But if million dollars. (5) We call upon all delegates and mem­ the white Christians and Jews are not wil­ (6) We recognize the role of the National bers of the National Black Economic Devel­ ling to meet our demands through peace and Welfare Rights Org,anization and we intend opment Conference to stage sit-in demonstra­ good will, then we declare war and we are to work with them. We call for ten milllon tions at selected black and white churches. prepared to fight by whatever means neces­ dollars to assist in the organization of wel­ This is not to be interpreted as a continua­ sary. We are, therefore, proposing the elec­ fare recipients. We want to organize the wel­ tion of the sit-in movement of the early tion of the following Steering Committee: fare workers in this country so that they may sixties but we know that active confronta­ Lucious Walker, Renny Freeman, Luke demand more money from the government tion inside white churches is possible and Tripp, Howard Fuller, James Forman, John and better administration of the welfare sys­ will strengthen the possibility of meeting our Watson, Dan Aldridge, John Wllliams, Ken tem of this country. demands. Such confrontation can take the Cockrel, Chuck Wooten, Fannie Lou Hamer, (7) We call for $20,000,000 to establish a form of reading the Black Manifesto instead Julian Bond, Mark Comfort, Earl Allen, Rob­ National Black Labor Strike and Defense of a sermon or passing it out to church mem­ ert Brown, Vincent Harding, Mike Hamlin, Fund. This is necessary for the protection of bers. The principles of self-defense should Len Holt, Peter Bernard, Michael Wright, black workers and their families who are be applied if attacked. Muhammed Kenyatta, Mel Jackson, Howard fighting racist working conditions in this (6) On May 4, 1969 or a date thereafter, Monroe, Harold Holmes. country. depending upon local conditions, we call Brothers and sisters, we no longer are (8) We call for the establishment of the upon black people to commence the disrup­ shuffling our feet and scratching our heads. International Black Appeal (IBA). This In­ tion of the racist churches and synagogues We are tall, black and proud. ternational Black Appeal will be funded With throughout the United States. And we say to the white Christian no less than $20,000,000. The IBA is charged (7) We call upon IFCO to serve as a cen­ churches and Jewish synagogues, to the gov­ with producing more capital for the estab­ tral staff to coordinate the mandate of the ernment of this country and to all the white lishment of cooperative businesses in the conference and to reproduce and distribute racist imperialists who compose it, there is United States and in Africa, our Motherland. en mass literature, leaflets, news items, press only one thing left tba.t you can do to fur­ The International Black Appeal is one of the releases and other material. ther degrade black people and that is to kill most important demands thrat we are making (8) We call upon all delegates to find with­ us. But we have been dying too long for this for we know that it can generate and raise in the white community those forces which country. We have died in every war. We are funds throughout the United States and help will work under the leadership of blacks to dying in Vietnam today fighting the wrong our African brothers. The IBA is charged implement these demands by whatever means enemy. with three functions and shall be headed by necessary. By taking such actions, white The new black man wants to live and to James Forman: Americans will demonstrate concretely that live means that we must not become static (a) Raising money for the program of the they are willing to fight the white skin priv­ or merely believe in self-defense. We must National Black Economic Development Con­ ilege and the white supremacy a.nd racism boldly go out and attack the white Western ference. which has forced us as black people to make world at its power centers. The white Chris­ (b) The development of cooperatives in these demands. tian churches are another form of govern­ African countries and support of African (9) We call upon all white Christians and ment in this country and are used by the Liberation movements. Jews to practice patience, tolerance and un­ government of this country to exploit the ( c) Establishment of a Black Anti-Defama­ derstanding and nonviolence; as they have people of Latin America, Asia and Africa, tion League which will protect our African encouraged. advised and demanded that we buit the day is soon coming to an end. There­ image. as black people should do throughout our fore, brothers and sisters, the demands we (9) We call for the establishment of a entire enforced slavery ln the United States. make upon the white Christian churches and Black University to be funded with $130,- The true test of their faith and belief in the the Jewish synagogues are small demands. 000,000 to be located in the South. Negotia­ Cross and the words of the prophets will cer­ They represent 15 dollars per black person in tions are presently under way with a South­ tainly be put to a test as we seek legitimate these United States. We can legitimately de­ ern University. and extremely modest reparations for our mand this from the church power structure. (10) We demand thwt IFCO allocate all un­ role in developing the industrial base of the We must demand more from the United used funds in the planning budget to imple­ Western world through our slave labor. But States Government. ment the demands of this conference. we are no longer slaves, we are men and But to win our demands from the church In order to win our demands we are aware women, proud of our African heritage, de­ which is linked up with the United States that we will have to have massive support, manding to have our dignity. Government, we must not forget thait it will therefore: (10) We are so proud of our African heri­ ultimately be by force and power that we (1) We call upon all black people through­ tage and realize concretely that our struggle w111win. out the United States to consider themselves is not only to make revolution in the United We are not threatening the churches. We as members of the Nationa1 Black Economic States, but to protect our brothers and sis­ are saying that we know the churches came Development Conference and to act in unity ters in Africa and to help them rid them­ with the m111tary might of the colonizers to help force the racist white Christian selves of racism, capitalism, and imperialism and have been sustained by the m111tary churches and Jewish synagogues to imple­ by whatever means necessary, including might of the colonizers. Hence, if the ment these demands. armed struggle. We are and must .be willing churches in colonial territories were estab­ (2) We call upon all the concerned black to fight the defamation of our African im­ lished by military might, we know deep with­ people across the country to contact black age wherever it rears its ugly head. We are in our hearts that we must be prepared to workers, black women, black students and therefore charging the Steering Committee use force to get our demands. We are not the black unemployed, community groups, to create a Black Anti-Defamation League to saying that this is the road we want to take. welfare organizations, teachers organizations, be funded by money raised from the Interna­ It is not, but let us be very clear that we church leaders and organizations explaining tional Black Appeal. are not opposed to force and we are not op­ how these demands are vital to the black (11) We fully recognize that revolution ln posed to violence. We were captured in Af­ community of the U.S. • (Revised and ap­ the United States and Africa, our Mother­ rica by violence. We were kept in bondage proved by Steering Committee) of the racist land, is more than a one dimensional oper­ and political servitude and forced to work white Christian churches and Jewish syna­ ation. It will require the total integration of as slaves by the military machinery and the gogues. All black people should act boldly in the political, economic, and m111tary com­ Christian church working hand in hand. confronting our white oppressors and de­ ponents and therefore, we call upon all our We recognize that in issuing this mani­ manding this modest reparation of $15 per brothers and sisters who have acquired festo we must prepare for a long range ed­ black man. training and exipertise in the fields of engi­ ucational campaign in all communities of (3) Delegates and members of the National neering, electronics, research, community or­ this country, but we know that the Chris­ Black Economic Development Conference ganizations, physics, biology, chemistry, tian churches have contributed to our op­ are urged to call press conferences in the mathematics, medicine, military science and pression in white America. We do not intend cities and to attempt to get as many black warfare to assist the Na.tional Black Eco­ to abuse our black brothers and sisters in organizations as possible to support the de­ nomic Development Conference in the im­ black churches who have uncritically ac­ mands of the conference. The quick use of plementation of its program. cepted Christianity. We want them to un­ the press in the Local areas will heighten the (12) To implement these demands we derstand how the racist white Christian tension and these demands must be attempt­ must have a fearless leadership. We must Church with its hypocritical declarations ed to be won in a short period of time, al­ have a leadership which ls wllllng to battle a.nd doctrines o: brotherhood has abused our though we are prepared for protracted and the church establishment to implement trust and faith. An attack on the religious long range struggle. these demands. To win our demands we will beliefs of black people is not our major ob- September 10,. 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25115 Ject1ve, even though we know that we were In the genuinely democratic society, jobs teacher because she had not ta.ken three not Christians when we were brought to this a.nd promotions would be awarded strictly on courses in education methods. country, but that Christianity was used to the basis of performance. But in the United Similarly, promotion in the lndustry is by help enslave us. Our objective in issuing this States, the disease of judging people by pa­ credential, not a.billty. The university sys­ Manifesto ls to force the racist white Chris­ per credentials has been spreading rapidly tem actively discourages good teaching, while tian Church to begin the payment of repa­ and few occupations are still exempt. the schools a.re simply indifferent to proven rations which are due to all black people, not Sports and the arts are virtually the only talent. only by the Church but also by private busi­ pursuits in which perform.a.nee ls the exclu­ The professor is promoted according to the ness and the U.S. government. We see this sive test of merit. Of all the paper creden­ number (not the quality) of his publica­ focus on the Christian Church as an effort tials now on the market, the bachelor's de­ tions; if he devotes his ti.me and energy to around which all black people can unite. gree ls the one with the least meaning and being a. good teacher, his career chances are Our demands are negotiable, but they can­ the most power. It has become the a.I.most hurt. In most school systems, the only way not be minimized, they can only be increased indispensable passport to good jobs and to a teacher can be promoted ls by going back and the Church ls asked to come up with the advanced degrees that offer better ones. to the industry for graduate credits. With larger sums of money than we are asking. IMMENSE POWER one kind of credit, he can get on a higher Our slogans are: The industry we call education ls the great­ salary scale; with another, he can become "All roads must lead to revolution. est beneficiary of diplomaism. It is the most an a.dmln1strator at double or triple the "Unite with whomever you can unite. avid practitioner of diplomalsm; in no field salary, a.nd escape teaching entirely. "Neutralize wherever possible. of endeavor, with the possible exception of On the rare occasions when diploma.ism in "Fight our enemies relentlessly. the health industry, does reward have as education is challenged, forces in the indus­ "Victory to the people. little connection with perform.a.nee as in edu­ try mobilize like white blood cells to meet "Life and good health to mankind. cation. The industry has acquired immense the threat. "Resistance to domination by the white power as the agency that sorts out those who POPULAR ATTrrUDE Christian Churches and the Jewish Syna­ will be discarded. If the diploma. system stands in the _way gogues. "We operate the sluice gates of this soci­ of giving ored!lt to human achievement, and "Revolution black power. ety," a Columbia professor observed as he lf it sentences us to ever more yea.rs of pas­ "We shall win without a doubt." gazed down from his office at the now-silent sive boredom and frustration, then why not battlefield before Low Library. abolish the diploma.? Education now spends $58 billion a year, The question is hardly ever raised, even second only to the military and coming up among those most critic.al of the education THE DIPLOMA-WHAT IS IT fast. (Some defense contractors like Ray­ industry. They believe in reforming the in­ REALLY WORTH? theon and Litton have been buying into the dustry, but not in breaking its monopoly of school business as a hedge against the danger access to the job market. Skeptics mock the of peace) . diploma but do not challenge the system HON. ROMAN C. PUCINSKI Measured in ti.me, the power of education that produces it. The popular attitude ls that is still more lmpressive. More than 60 million school means learning and that learning ts OF ILLINOIS Americans are engaged full time ln the in­ measured by the diploma. Let us then briefly IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES dustry; 57 million as students, three m1llion examine the arguments commonly offered Wednesday, September 10, 1969 as teachers and administrators. It may well for the diploma system. be that the time devoted to school ls grow­ Our technological economy needs a grow­ Mr. PUCINSKI. Mr. Speaker, recently, ing faster than our life expectancy. ing number of people with advanced educa­ the editorial pages of the Philadelphia MORE YEARS? tion, or: you have to get a degree to get a Inquirer carried an excellent article by good job. The second half of the statement The years in school are bound to increase, is unanswerable, but it does not prove the Mr. David Hapgood concerning the over­ for the diploma system contains built-in emphasis we place on a college diploma accuracy of the first part. forces for escalation that have nothlng to do Of course many jobs do involve highly in our society. with learning. Sorting people out by diploma specialized skills. But that does not mean Not unlike the publish or perish syn­ for their eventual employers works only as that the rigid diploma system-four years of drome under which university professors long as graduates are scarce. Once there ls college, followed by three or four years o! are placed whereby they are promoted an ample supply of graduates, the diploma professional school before you go to work­ by the number of articles they publish loses its value, and the system must escalate is the only or even the best way to produce instead of the quality, or whether they by requiring a "higher" diploma. people with thOse skills. This escalation has already deprived the The common assumption is that employers have teaching ability, our students too high school diploma of most of its monetary are placea under a similar syndrome have sound economic motives when they re­ value as a. job credential. Now the cry ls quire a college diploma. That assumption where emphasis is placed on a college college-for-everyone ( a goal quite different needs to be revised as a. result, mainly, of degree and not whether or not they have from assuring equal access regardless of race the landmark work of Ivar Berg of COiumbia a marketable skill. or income in a. non-diploma system, where University. Since education is the greatest growth one would be free to compete for jobs with­ EQUAL PERFORMANCE industry in America, Mr. Hapgood quite out the college credential). State and com­ munity colleges are sprouting like pizza Berg found that graduates and non-grad­ properly Points out the fallacies in our stands. Graduate schools are booming and uates dolng the same jobs performed about educational system. When more and the end is not in sight. When the corner­ equally well. In no case could any significant more college graduates come into the stone of New York's University's new library difference in productivity be attributed to market, the college diploma will start was laid not long ago, President James Hes­ education. losing its value and there will be a de­ ter entombed in its concrete a prophecy that Two other students, Jaffe a.nd Froomkin mand for an even "higher" diploma. "advanced degrees beyond the Ph. D." are on in "Technology and Jobs,'' found that "there the way. is little, if any, relationship between changes Mr. Hapgood presents some provoca­ ln educational level and changes in output tive arguments concerning diplomaism, "MUST" FOR TEACHERS per worker." But Berg also discovered that and I recommend this timely and excel­ Dlplomaism ls supreme within the indus­ the employers did not care about such com­ lent article to my colleagues. try itself. Teaching abillty ls not a criterion parisons. Most employers, even those who Mr. Speaker, the article follows: for being hired to teach in a. university or a. devoted considerable attention and money to school. At the university, the diploma you personnel programs, made no effort to find THE DIPLOMA-WHAT Is IT REALLY WORTH? need is the Ph.D., a degree that proves little out whether their diploma. requirements (By David Hapgood) beyond your tolerance for boredom. made any sense. "Education ls the greatest growth industry In the primary and secondary schools, you Sometimes, indeed, their policies flew in in America," proclaimed Dr. Grayson Kirk, need a diploma. from a. school of education the face of facts of which they were aware, the Lyndon B. Johnson of Columbia Univer­ and you must have taken a list of prescribed as in six big manufacturing firms where sity, not long before the children of that courses. Again, whether you can teach re­ "men with master's degrees who were desig­ growth drove him into exile. Neither the mains an unanswered question. Anecdotes nated by management as among the 20 per­ rebels nor Kirk connected the cause of the about diplomaism in the schools abound. A cent of their scientists who were 'relatively growth rate with the students' dissatisfac­ former Peace Corps volunteer ln Latln Amer­ most valuable in terms of present perform­ tion. Both are the result of diploma.ism. ica who is rated "extremely fluent" in Span­ ance and potential' were paid an average Because diploma requirements are being ish cannot teach the language in Washlng­ salary which was $1000 less than pa.id to attached to vlrtually every well-pa.id job, ton, D.C., because she did not take 20 credit Ph.D.s who were reportedly less valuable." more and more students must attend uni­ hours · in Spanish in college. Another girl, The belief that changes in employers' versities that offer less and less in return for who majored 1n literature at Smith, taught tastes, not changes in the nature of the their time and tuition. Yet, lronically, no one for two years in Liberia, and had a master's work itself, a.re responsible for the diploma in the campus turmoil advocates the aboli­ degree from Columbia. Teachers College, was race ls supported by a study of the 1960 tion of the diploma.. turned down by Washington as an English census by John K. Folger and Charles B. 25116 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS Septe'!17'ber 10, 1969 Na.m., "Education of the American Popula­ that no institution contained in four walls there is a lot of waste in the three years­ tion." In surveying the decade from 1950 to is a good place to learn those skllls. and in the $11,700, according to the latest 1960, a time of escalating diploma require­ "IT'S FOR CULTURE" Yale figures, required to buy a law degree. ments, Folger and Nam concluded that only There ls no reason why these skills could not Now the believer, if he hasn't already aban­ 15 percent of the increased demand for di­ be appraised during a period of apprentice­ plomas could be accounted for by changes doned us, wm retreat to higher and foggier ground: school isn't for jobs--it's for culture. ship to a practicing lawyer. in the nature of work. The other 85 percent, The transition to such a world would of they found, was the result of added diploma You go to school to learn civic virtue--good course be painful. requirements for the same jobs. marks in citizenship. You soak up the values Denuded of the academic flgleaf, we would of our civilization-especially good old de­ OPEN QUESTION all have to examine ourselves--and be ex­ ferred gratification, that marvelous excuse amined by others. Personnel departments They suggest that "the growth of educa­ for incompetence. If the first grader will only would have to learn how to examine their tional attainment in America is not so much sit still for another 20 years, he'll discover applicants' abilities instead of counting their the result of the demands of the economy as why he's there. You also go to acquire an ap­ diplomas. Educational institutions, especially it is the belief that education is good in itself, petite for Western culture. the colleges, would truly be up against the and that educational opportunity is pal'lt of Reason can scarcely be brought to bear on wall. Hundreds of them would go out of busi­ everyone's expectations." (Note frio, who being duly sworn deposed Students and parents have complained schools in Tangipahoa and Washington par­ and said; that he is petitioner in the fore­ that many courses are not available. One ishes after fires were discovered at Amite going petition, that he has read same and woman said that science and math-oriented High and Franklinton Elementary. 25120 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 10, 1969 The Amite structure was gutted. Some board met in special session Saturday after­ In a statement released over the signature equipment and materials were saved. Damage noon and notified U.S. Dist. Judge E. Gordon of Ohalrman Benjamin W. Miller, the com­ at Franklinton was estimated between $3,000 West in Baton Rouge of its action. The fed­ mittee said that it feels the boycott has and $5,000. eral jurist was asked to return freedom of served its purpose and that continuation of Deputy state fire marshals and arson in­ choice to schools on the east side of the Mis­ the boycott "would not be in the practical vestigators were reported investigating at sissippi River. interests of our children". both schools for clues as to the origin of the Schools in west Ascension will remain open, The cozr...m.ittee, which seeks a return to two blazes. the board decreed. last year's freedom of choice school integra­ No one at Amite wanted to be quoted on In Lafayette, U.S. Dist. Judge Richard Put­ tion plan, said it would continue to fight the investigation. nam set Sept. 15 for Evangeline boa.rdmen to the current U.S. District Court order in other However, Franklinton Fire Chief Earl reply to the order. ways. Brown said he found what he believed to be WOULD NOT COMPLY In this connection, Vice-Chalrma.n C. W. some type of liquid poured on the floors Evangeline schools were closed by the Jarrell said a delegation from the oommittee just inside doors of the elementary building board, rather than comply with the U.S. will go to Washington in a week or two, where the fire broke out. The building court's desegregation orders. armed with the freedom of choice petitions housed the lunchroom, two cLassrooms and If found in civil contempt, the-nine school circulated during the summer, to seek an a large storage area. board members named in the district court opportunity to present the committee's case The blaze was discovered and reported to order could be fined or sent to prison. to officials high in the Justice Department, Franklinton firemen a.bout 1 :45 a.m. Satur­ Evangeline Parish has nine predominantly Supreme Court or White House. day. The fire was contained some three hours white schools and five all-Negro schools, the The committee's statement follows: later. department said. In the 1968-69 school year, "The Committee of Concerned Citizens WITHDRAWS BOYCOTT CALL under a freedom of choice plan, 68 of the was formed for the purpose of keeping our Meanwhile, the Committee of Concerned 3,300 Negro pupils in t;tie system attended schools open under 'freedom of choice.' classes with 5,600 white pupils. "We believe that the people of Bogalusa Citizens in Washington Parish withdrew its want their children to get the best educa­ call for a boycott of classes. The group sa.ld On Aug. 5, the district court ordered the tion available under the best possible con­ it felt the boycott had served its purpose and school board to pair Negro and white schools ditions. the organization was turning to legal means and assign students to them on a nonracial "This committee has urged the people to to combat federal desegregation guidelines. basis, the department said. The order allowed express their disapproval of this plan which The comm.1 ttee declared it did not want freedom of choice to continue until the 1970- the court has imposed upon us through a to hamper education opportunities for stu­ 71 school year for high school and kindergar­ boycott of the public schools. dents of the parish. ten pupils at Ville Platte schools but called "However, at this time we feel that a boy­ Ward 3 school boardmen in Tangipahoa for immediate desegregation of all others. cott of the schools has served its purpose, met Saturday morning and pla nned a pro­ The Evangeline school board tried twice to gram for keeping the some 700 now-displaced and that any further boycott would not be win stays of the order but both attempts were in the practical interests of our children. Amite High students in class. rejected by the U.S. Supreme Court. The "We appreciate the efforts of those people Boa.roman M. L. Richardson sa.ld Amite boa.rd now has an appeal of the Aug. 5 de­ who have supported the committee through High students in grades 9-12 will attend cision pending before the Supreme Court. a boycott. But any further boycotting will classes at Amite West Side High. Lunches will On Sept. 2, the day schools were scheduled be the choice of the individual parent. not be served because of the overload and to open, the school board approved a resolu­ "We urge the people to understand that classes will be dismissed at noon. tion suspending operation of classes until the the committee has not disbanded and that An estimate of damages at Amite High Supreme Court decides on its request for other plans are being made at this time to was pLaced at $500,000. appeal. continue our fight for freedom of choice. Supt. Dewitt Sauls observed: "Mostly, the In its petition to Judge Putnam, the Jus­ "We continue to ask the people to support walls are all that is left." The second floor tice Department said the "acts and omis­ this Committee's efforts as we seek to rem­ was "completely burned out," he said. sions" of the school board "were such as to edy the situation which exists in our The fire had a "good start" when units have the necessary effect and have had the schools.~· first axrived after word was received at 10: 40 effect of frustrating the implementation of p.m. Coming to a.sslsitance of the Amite the district court order of August 5." firemen were equipment and men from Those named in the show cause order were (From the Gonzales (La.) Weekly, Hammond, Roseland, Independence and school board president Fulton J. Bacon and Sept.5, 1969] Ponchatoula. board members Vories Morein, D. M. La.Fleur, A group of students arriving back at the L. M. Ortego, Roy Aguillard, Harold Monier, SCHOOLS IN EAST ASCENSION CLOSED FOR school from a football game in Franklinton Roderick Perron, H. P. Dupre and Joe Forman. LACK OF PUPILS discovered the fire and alerted authorities. TRIED IN GOOD FAITH Pickets appeared at all East Ascension The students began dragging and carrying The superintendent said the Ascension Schools on opening day protesting a court out books, trophies, desks, records and board advised West that implementation of order which will prohibit a "Freedom of equipment. the court order on the east side of the river Choice" plan similar to other school dis­ Deputies finally had to order the students had been attempted in good faith. But, six tricts in this and neighboring parishes. to stay out of the blazing school because days, the plan was proving to be unworkable, The boycott of the schools have closed of the danger of falling objects from the he said. most of them. The school board in a. meet­ roof .and upper floor. Brunson said the board declared school ing with the citizens last night had noth­ Flames were extinguished a.t 7:30 a .m . patrons in east Ascension feel their freedom ing new to report on the situation according Saturday, firemen reported. They, however, has been denied. to a. school board member. still poured water on the smoldertng struc­ The judge was asked to make freedom of Mr. W. C. Brunson in a question and ture throughout most of the morning. choice the plan for all schools--on both sides answer program on a Tv station stated that Three Hammond firemen and one from of the river. some phone calls of a threatening nature Amite were treated at Lallie Kemp Hospital, He did not know how long the schools had been received by some employees of Independence, for smoke inhalation and ex­ might be closed, Brunson said. the school system and that four schools were haustion during the battle. They were au Pickets appeared at east Ascension schools closed, Galvez Dutchtown, E. A. Elementary released and in good condition. all last week after educa.tional plants were and St. Amant for lack of pupils. The auditorium, where offioie.1.s believe the opened Sept. 2. Boycotts have pretty proven A suit filed by East Ascension Group for blaze originated, ls located near the cen­ to be effective as some white students were School Freedom in the local board was re­ ter of the school. The building was erected registered, then taken out of school by par­ moved by the U.S. District Court from the around 1927. ents, and other parents just did not send state court to the federal court. The case Tangipahoa board president C. P. Schwa.rtz children to school. will be tried in October. s,a.id night watchmen were ordered posted a.t Two schools reported no attendance during Padlocks were put on Galvez and St. all school buildings in the parish in light of the week. Amant elementary schools some time before the Amite and Fre.nkldnton fires. The Ascension board was the second to school was to open Tuesday morning. They Similar action was taken by the Washing­ close its schools within two days. were still on Wednesday morning. ton Parish School Board in Franklinton. Friday, the St. Landry Parish School Mayor Pasqua called for a limited curfew bowed to pressure at a meeting attended by Friday night after a negro youth received [From the Ba.ton Rouge (La.) Morning some 2,000 persons and ordered postponement minor wounds in Gunplay at the Hancock Advocate, Sept. 7, 1969) of classes. station on Burnside st. after a day of ten­ EvANGELINE, E. AsCENSION SCHOOLS HIT sion. Schools in east Ascension Parish were or­ [From the Bogalusa. (La.) Sunday News, About 3:00 P.M. Friday a Negro was killed dered closed Saturday by the school board at Sept. 7, 1969) when he ran his car in front of a freight the same time a federal judge ordered the COMMI.Tl'EE WrrHDRAWS APPEAL FOR BOYCOTT train. According to Sheriff Waguespack the Evangeline Parish School Board to show OF SCHOOLS HERE negro and one of the white pickets had ex­ cause why it should not be held in contempt The Committee of Concerned Citizens changed words downtown and the negro for closing its schools. yesterday withdrew its call for a. boycott of left saying he was going to get a. gun. A Ascensiou Supt. W. C. Brunson said his Bogalusa. schools. gun was found in the car. September 10, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25121 Sheriff Waguespack put into effect a. ban rather than have them open on a non-racial favored status under the British, and on the sale of Beer and Liquor in the Parish, unitary baf!1s this fall for the first time. until recently were under the South which is stlll in effect and an 8:00 P.M. to But, said the Justice Department, it had 6: 00 A.M. curfew is stlll in effect in Gon­ a responsib11ity to enforce the federal court African administration. In 1966 the zales. integration orders new this fall to 37 Lou­ British granted them internal self­ isiana school districts, and it would not governmenJt, and their king was recog­ (From the Bogalusa (La.) Sunday News, hesitate to use "whatever legal means" nec­ nized as head of state. Finally on Sep­ Sept.7,1969} essary to enforce the order. tember 6, 1968, they opted for full sov­ MEETING CALLED To KEEP PINE .IDG:& SCHOOL Some individuals in the crowd screamed ereignty. It was recognized as such and OPEN they would burn down the St. Landry schools on September 24 Swaziland was admitted PINE.-A meeting has been called for 7: 30 if the board did not shut them down. One board member said the schools would be into the United Nations as an inde­ tomorrow night at Pine High School, de­ pendent state. On the first anniversary of signed to show interest in keeping the school closed at least until Wednesday. There are 23,300 students in 43 public their Independence Day we wish the open in the face of a report that the school Swazi people peace and prosperity. might be closed if there ls trouble over in­ schools in the parish. tegration of the faculty. Earlier this week a similar angry crowd Pine, which has an all-whlte student body, of 2,000 forced the Evangeline Parish School has several Negro teachers for the first time Board to close classes involving all 9,000 o:f the parish's school age children. THE TECHNO-POLITICS OF SPACE this year. Pickets appeared at the school Jerris Leonard, chief of the Justice De­ Friday, and some disturbance was reported. partment Civil Rights Division, sent word The group of local residents who have Friday he was considering filing contempt called tomorrow night's meeting said they of court charges against the Evangeline HON. OLIN E. TEAGUE have been told that U.S. District Judge OF TEXAS Frederick J. R. Beebe has stated that he will School Board for falllng to open schools this order the school closed and its students fall. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES A group called Citizens Committee fo1· transported to classes elsewhere if trouble Wednesday, September 10, 1969 continues. Quality Education had vocal representatives The statement issued last night by the at meetings which closed both St. Landry Mr. TEAGUE of Texas. Mr. Speaker, Pine group follows: and Evangeline schools. The group seeks a special session of the Louisiana Legislature Mr. Robert Hotz of Aviation Week and "Through this article an appeal is being Space Technology offers a most interest­ made to all patrons of Pine High School who to repeal compulsory school attendance lawE:l are interested in keeping the school open so parents would not be prosecuted fox: keep­ ing editorial in the August 25, 1969, issue for the purpose of educating their children, ing their children away from newly deseg­ of that magazine. Mr. Hotz reviews the to attend a meeting in the school's audi­ regated schools. recent achievement of the Apollo 11 torium at 7:30 Monday night. At Lafayette, a federal court has granted lunar landing and Mariner 6 and 7 flyby "Word has come from Judge Beebe that a continuance to seven Negro students ac­ of the planet Mars. He points to the in­ unless some reports of positive action on the cused of disrupting the orderly desegrega­ tion of their high school in New Iberia. ternational implications of these achieve­ part of the local citizens, rather than reports ments by the United States and the of trouble and turmoil, are received by him Iberia Dist. Atty. Knowles Tucker filed within the next week, he will close the doors suit against the seven because they "refused awareness of the Soviet Union to the of the school permanently. to abide by the reasonable directives of the need for technological leadership in our "Each patron is urged to consider that in school principal . . . did lie in wait for other world today. Significantly, Mr. Hotz rec­ the event this should take place, public edu­ students and committed assault and bat- ognizes that we must not shrink from cation for his children would be available tery on them." · the challenge of space and that the only by transporting them long distances to Students returned to Westlake High School classes Friday under the eyes of armed future of our Nation may well depend on schools which have much more serious in­ the technological leadership and benefits tegration problems than those at Pine. guards. The school was closed Wednesday "The time for decision ls now. The high when discipline problems occurred due to that come from such programs as our school ls open for the education of children new desegregation conditions. national spaee effort. today. But unless the local patrons imme­ More than 1,000 parents attended a meet­ The editorial follows: ing of the Iberia Parish School Board Fri­ diately face the problems before them, they THE TECHNO·POLITICS OF SPACE day, which then voted to re-establish free­ will have to seek education for their children (By Robert Hotz) elsewhere in the near future. dom of choice integration in four elemen­ "Help keep your school open by displaying tary schools, a move previously okayed by ·a The last month of achievement in space your sincere interest through your attend­ federal judge. The board also voted to ask technology has provided another lesson in ance Monday night." the federal courts to permit zone freedom the little understood area of techno-politics. of choice throughout the parish. This time it is the United States image that (From the Bogalusa (La.) Sunday News, is shining brightly all over the third planet. Sept. 7, 1969} The small step of an American astronaut on the moon truly projected the feeling of a EvANGELINE MAY GET CONTEMPT CHARGE-­ SWAZILAND'S INDEPENDENCE DAY giant leap to almost all mankind. In addi­ "RECESS" DECLARED IN ST. LANDRY tion, the run.a.zing duet of Mariner 6 and 7 in OPELOUSAS, LA.-Demonstrators chanting their close reconnaissance of Mars provided "close the schools ... close the schools" pres­ scientific pioneering of equally epic flavor. sured the St. Landry Parish school board HON. ADAM C. POWELL OF NEW YORK Not since the end of World War 2 has Friday into placing public schools in recess America stood so tall around this globe. OUr for "the time being." IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES European correspondents report that Apollo The board asked the Justice Department Wednesday, September 10, 1969 11 crowded everything else off the front page to come see the situation for itself. of foreign newspapers and almost monopo­ A crowd of about 3,500 persons first con­ Mr. POWELL. Mr. Speaker, the Swazi lized television for weeks. President Richard verged in the school board offices to protest people are among the latest and smallest M. Nixon was a first-hand observer of the desegregation procedures in the parish that group of Africans t,o attain national inde­ international charisma. generated by Apollo is about evenly divided between white and pendence; they reached that goal only 11 during his recenit globe-girdling tour. He black students, then, when there was no a year ago, proclaiming their inde­ noted that the fantastic welcome accorded more room inside, forced the board into the him in Communist Romania was in large auditorium of Opelousas High School. pendence on September 6, 1968. measure a tribute to the intrepid trio of The vote to postpone Tuesday's opening Swaziland is a small country in south­ Apollo 11, as evidenced by the many pictures of the school was taken in the tension­ east Africa, east of the Republic of South of the astronauts which were waved at him charged atmosphere of the auditorium, but Africa and west of Portuguese Zululand. along his route through Bucharest. the board later met quietly in its own offices Its territory is less than 7,000 square But it wa.s not always thus. There are many to make the decision to call on the Justice miles, with a population just under 400,- who can recall those bitter days, less than a Department. 000. The cormtry is rioh in natural re­ decade ago, when lit was the Red Star of School board president Floyd Andrepont Moscow that lit the vastness of outer space. read to the crowd a telegram which had been sources, producing asbestos, iron, ooal agri­ The sickening shock of the first three Sput­ sent by the Justice Department civil rights and even some gold. It is mostly an niks and the tidal wave of accLaim they division. cultural country, and it.s principal prod­ brought to the Soviet Union should not be The message advised the board it was ucts are sugar, citrus fruit and rice, all forgotten. Nor should t-he glory that reflected aware citizens might try to pressure the of which are grown under irrigation. from the manned space flight pioneering of school board into shutting down schools The Swazis had enjoyed a rather Yuri Gagarin in Vostok, the first three-man 25122 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 10, 1969 ! Voskhod crew and first ENA of the Voskhod game. They a.re in space to stay and wm play and forgotten and that both gentlemen 2 flight dim with the passing of time. second fiddle only by necessity, not by choice. will adhere to the esprit de corps that The origins of the impetus that pushed the That is why the leaders of this country exists in the House. Soviet Union into pioneer.ing space explora­ must deliberate so carefully in setting the tion a.re still misty to the Western World. space policy of this nation for the 1970s. But it is clear that Nikita Sergeyevich Khru­ Space technology has now ma.tured to the A REAL SUCCESS STORY shchev wa.s a.n unor.thodox politician by So­ point where no single spectacular goal will viet standards. He needed a ma.jor, bold, spec­ serve its purpose, a.s did the Apollo program tacular enterprise to refurish the interna­ in the 1960s. HON. JAMES HARVEY tional image of Soviet Communism as the The poss1b111ties for its future development OF MICHIGAN dynamo of the future. It had faded into a have expanded into many key areas that offer symbol of gloomy, medieval regression under positive returns in both economics and sci­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES stalin's post-wa.r regime. It seems likely that ence on the investments already made. De­ Wednesday, September 10, 1969 Sergei P. Korolev, the guiding genius of the termining a sound national space policy for Soviet space program, sold it to Khrushchev the nex,t decade is a far more difficult and Mr. HARVEY. Mr. Speaker, we have a.s an effective mes.sure to achieve this image complex problem than setting the Apollo often heard that our country has reached change. goal was in 1961. great heights and enjoyed success be­ History has recorded how well it worked. Yet a great deal of the future irowth and cause its people were willing to sacri­ Almost overnight the SoViet Union blossomed health of this nation depends on how wisely as a major technical power. The brilliance of this course is charted in the next {ew months. fice and had tremendous faith in the its technical image was enhanced by the con­ future. It was this individual effort, tra.st with the United States. There, an aging through our free enterprise system, that conservative leadership never did compre­ has contributed to the greatness of our hend the significance of space technology, IN DEFENSE OF REPRESENTATIVE Nation. and its bumbling policies contributed to some KOCH To me, an excellent example of this unnecessarily humiliating technical failures. Nikita Khrushchev felt so confident over faith and sacrifice is embodied in the Soviet triumphs in space technology that he success story of Joan and John Bintz, laid down a direct challenge to the United HON. EMANUEL CELLER whom I am proud to count as friends States and asked the world to choose which OF NEW YORK in Saginaw, Mich. The September 1969, system-Communist or American-was dem­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES edition of the Farm Journal carries an onstrating the best understanding of the article which relates best the planning, dynamics of the future and which indeed Wednesday, September 10, 1969 would provide the bes,t launching pad for the the sacrifice, and the confidence of this aspirations of mankind. Mr. CELLER. Mr. Speaker, I have young couple to turn a small 80-acre Jack Kennedy, too, decided to hitch his read the e~change of remarks which fruit farm into a business which has an political career to the star of space technol­ took place on September 4 between Mr. investment of about $500,000 and a per­ ogy. Elected President by a hairline margin, WATSON, my esteemed colleague from manent payroll of 10 employees with buffeted by early disasters such a.s the Bay of South Carolina, and my colleague from over 50 working at peak periods. The Pigs and the SoViets' first manned space New York, Mr. KocH, both distinguished article will be included at the conclusion flight, he chose to accept Khrushchev's chal­ lenge in space. President Kennedy used the and honorable Members of this House, of my remarks. target of landing American astronauts on the on the subject of the death of Ho Chi The Bintz success story is known not moon and returning them safely before the Minh. only throughout Michigan, but the Mid- end of the decade as one measure toward re­ Previous to their exchange, Mr. KocH, west and elsewhere. It just is not too viving the dormant spirit of American pio­ under the 1-minute rule, had submitted often that you hear of a seven-tow, neering. History must record, too, how well a statement urging that the death of night-lighted ski resort on the slope of this worked. The world knows full well that in this direct challenge of space technology North Vietnam's leader be used to extend a "mountain" made by man on land as the Soviet Union has been surpassed by a a hand of friendship to the people of flat as a Kansas prairie. significant margin. It knows, too, tha,t Amer­ Vietnam and as an occasion to initiate I join with Farm Journal in saluting icans will not shrink from any task they re­ a cease-fire. It is my belief from the ex- Mr. and Mrs. John Bintz. They have a gard as important and that they still have change between Messrs. WATSON and pioneer spirit which should be copied by the ablllty to achieve wha,tever they must. KocH that our colleague from South others. The article follows: There is a certain breed of cat in this coun­ Carolina misconstrued Mr. KOCH'S re- EIGHTY ACRES THAT GREW TO $0.5 Mn.LION try that constantly deplores the spirit of marks so that Mr. WATSON'S response fierce competition between the U.S. and misstated the intention of those remarks. (By Frank A. Cooper) USSR that has resulted in such tremendous Mr. KocH specifically referred to Ho Chi Fresh out of a.g school and the Armed progress in the first decade of space explora­ Minh as a tough and dedicated Commu- Services, John Bintz, 26, refused to believe tion. If these philosophers had their way, the that the small family farm was doomed. He U.S. and the USSR would join ln some vague­ nist and no fair-minded person could and his father had 80 acres, mostly in apples, ly cooperative effort aimed at some dimly per­ interpret those remarks to be a eulogy on a county road near Saginaw, Mich.-miles ceived goals in the interests of saving money of the deceased leader of the North Viet- from a main highway. Even so, people would and improving international relations. namese. I do not believe Mr. KocH in- drive out to buy their fruit. They fail completely to understand how tended his remarks to have this meaning. One day in 1958 young John took a look space technology has become a basic sinew Clearly Mr. KOCH did not praise the _ at their business and concluded that what it of national power, a dynamic spur to the ' needed was some hard, smart retail selling. economy and an important yardstick by North Vietnamese leader; he. only urged He and his wife, Joan, began to plan. which to measure competing systems-in that we understand the feelings of the Today just over 10 years later ca.rs full short the techno-politics. people in Vietnam toward Ho Chi Minh. of custoiners flow into a 40-acre parking lot The Soviet Union ls encountering both And it should be noted that, in the past which he rents across the road, and on busy political and technical trouble with its space few days, our own Government has given weekends it takes two deputy sheriffs to program. Khrushchev's successors lowered his enough credit to the cease-fire proposal handle traffic. national priority for space, probably as an­ so that we have agreed to honor a modi- In the process of selling apples, John op- other method of disassociating themselves fied cessation of hostilities. erates an old-fashioned cider mill, a com- from his policies. The 1966 death of Sergei . . mercial bakery, a genera.I store, a gift shop, a Korolev, stlll in his prime at 59, also had its . No dou~t. there continues to b~ a di~- candy factory-and finally a 7-tow, night­ effect a.s the scope of his towering leader­ s1on in thlS House on our continuing mill- lighted ski resort on the slope of a "moun­ ship became fully outlined by the gap he left. tary role in Vietnam. And each of us tain" he built himself on land as flat as a But the Soviet Union will not shrink from surely has the right to express his posi- Kansas prairie. To build the 160-foot high continuing the fierce competition in space tion. But it would be manifestly unfair slope, he excavated a 7-acre lake, which he technology. It cannot afford to without also in supporting our own position to mis- 1s developing as a recreation area. And ad­ abandoning its pretensions of international interpret the statements of any colleague. joining it, he acquired land for an 18-hole leadership. Undoubtedly, lights have been The gentleman from South Carolina is golf course. burning late in the Kremlin a.s the debate . He had a permanent payroll of 10 em- rages over what new course to set for Soviet an honorabl e Memb er of this House, for ployees with over 50 working a.t peak periods. space technology. The Soviets a.re not easily whom I have genuine respect and regard His investment is a.bout half a mllllon dollars. deterred by temporary !allure, a.re used to and I am sure he has misunderstood the All this from a small so-a.ere fa.rm ma.y coming from behind and have a keen ap­ nature of the statement of Mr. KOCH. sound impossible. But that's the genius of preciation of the international stakes in this I do indeed hope the episode is closed salesmanship. Here briefly, 1s what happened. September 10, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 25123 Not content with selling apples from a dressed to American Congress, Washing­ The Burns family and all the other 300 roadside stand, John and his father scoured ton, U.S.A., which I sent to the Library guests enjoyed the menu. They sipped red the country for an old fashioned, commer­ of Congress for translation. and white Bulgarian wine, tried Bulgarla.n. cial-sized cider press. They found bne nearly cheese, salad, cabbage and grape leaf rolls and 100 years old. John, his father, and his fore­ This translation has been completed, then tackled American dlshes--ham, turkey man, Harold Maier, built a big Swiss chalet­ and because of its address to all Members and steamship rounds of roast beef. type building of rough native timber to of Congress, and because of the text of For the occasion, Bulgarlwn Ambassador house the press, leaving plenty of room for the message from behind the Iron Cur­ and Mrs. Luben Guerasslmov had a supply visitors to watch the press in operation. tain, I ask that it appear at this point in of a 35-page illustrated brochures about Bul­ John invited newspapermen to come for a the RECORD: garia. The brochures described the anniver­ look; several big-city papers ran feature Esteemed Ladies and Gentlemen: On the sary as marking the "advent of social.ism in stories. Crowds of curious people dropped in, occasion of the successful oonquest of the Bulgaria, an event without parallel in the they took apples and cider back home with Moon by your astronauts, please accept my thirteen-centuries-long history of the Bul­ them, and the Bintz's one-stop recreation most heartfelt greetings, my most sincere garian people." center was on its way. congratulations and best wishes for further Two ambassadors who will shortly give Since cider and doughnuts are natural great successes of NASA in the study of our parties aJti their embassies to say goodbye to companions, John bought a used doughnut Washington were there--the Ambassador of machine and sold a glass of cider and a natural satellite. Mr. HRVO.JE VELEBIT, Tunisia Rachid Driss and Dr. Karel Duda, the doughnut for 15c. The doughnuts were so Vela Luka, Korcula, Yugoslavia. Ambassador of Czechoslovakia. Represenita.­ good that visitors started buying them by ti ves from the Soviet Embassy also were the dozen. there. John's mother wondered if people wouldn't buy homemade bread as well. Apple-con­ scious John decided to try it, but with cider RED EMBASSY DIPLOMACY instead of water in the dough. Nok Bintz TRIBUTE TO THE LATE HONORABLE "Cider-Bread" has become a favorite "special­ BARRATT O'HARA ity of the house." HON. JOHN R. RARICK Some of the simplest ideas proved most OF LOUISIANA profitable. John took a look at the swarms IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES HON. HENRY S. REUSS of kids playing around the place and the OF WISCONSIN thought hit him-caramel-candied apples. Wednesday, September 10, 1969 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES He and his foreman contrived a hollow, Mr. RARICK. Mr. Speaker, days fol­ realistically painted "apple," 12' in diameter, Wednesday, September 3, 1969 made of cement plastered over chicken wire, lowing the ransomed release of U.S. Am­ with a sales window built into it. On some bassador Elbrick, who was kidnapped by Mr. REUSS. Mr. Speaker, our former Sundays they sell as many as 5000 caramel Communists and held hostage, Mr. Ar­ collea-gue, the late Barratt O'Hara, was apples at 15c each. thur F. Burns, counsel to the President a man of unceasing energy and sharp Even before they built the cider mm, of the United States, and his wlfe and intelligence whose career in both public John's mother had noticed that women usu­ son attended the Bulgarian Embassy re­ and private life was marked by uncom­ ally stayed in the car while men came to the ception marking the 2·5th anniversary of mon versatility and achievement. roadside stand. So she started a gift shop. It caught on at once and quickly grew communism-politely termed socialism­ Mr. O'Hara•s 18-year career in Con­ into something more. An old-fashioned in Bulgaria. gress began in 1948, when he was 66 years "country store" complete with hard candies Counselor Burns is reported to have old. In itself, this is a remarkable scooped out of barrels. A gourmet shop ls wanted to show his son a typical night achievement. Barratt O'Hara's long leg­ stocked with exotic foods including quality on the town of Washington so he se­ islative tenure was the culmination of a jellies, jams and preserves. lected this Red Embassy party. full life of service to his country that One thing bothered the Bintzes. Theirs Also reported in attendance was the began in 1895 when, at age 15, he ran was a good-weather-only operation. The winters were dead. Ambassador of Czechoslovakia and repre­ away from home to volunteer to fight in So though his land was flat John Bintz sentatives of the Soviet Embassy and the Spanish American War. decided to build a ski slope. The first year together they sipped red and white Bul­ This adventuresome spirit character­ he scooped up a hill 90' high, the second year garian wine. ized Barratt O'Hara. He accepted diverse pushed it to 120', and now he has a miniature If any agreements were entered into challenges with untiring diligence and mountai,n of 1,500,000 cubic yards of earth between the President's counsel and the energy. At age 30, he was elected Lieu­ 160' tall with snow machines as insurance Communist diplomats to refrain from tenant Governor of Illinois, the youngest against uncertain weather. He built a ski kidnapping any more U.S. representa­ his­ lodge and opened for business. Lieutenant Governor in that State's Restless John Bintz tried other things. He tives, let us hope the Red terrorists oper­ tory. Before entering the House, Barratt has 10 acres of irrigated raspberries where ating around the world will respect such O'Hara enjoyed careers as a motion pic­ families can pick their own. Hundreds come, commitments. ture executive, radio commentator, and often for a full day's outing. A news article follows: lawyer. Two horses and a bobsled take visitors [From the Washington Post, September 10, As a legislator, he was an early ad­ for rides around the farm in winter. There 1969] vocate of civil rights legislation. The first is a wagon for summers. Many bring the chairman of the Subcommittee on Afri­ youngsters just for that, but of course they BULGARIA PROVIDES NIGHT ON THE TOWN buy apples. (My Dorothy Mccardle) can Affairs, he strove to promote African "Much of our success can be attributed Counselor to the Presidelllt and Mrs. Arthur self-government and self-development. directly to Joan," says John. She knows the F. Burns wanted to show their son a typical This was the many faceted career of business as well as I do." Joan handles ad­ night on the town in Washington. So they Barratt O'Hara, a lifetime of dedication vertising and publicity, supervises the bakery took him to an embassy reception last night. to the elimination of human misery and and candy factory, and ls in charge of the As it turned out, Dr. Burns was the top­ suffering. ski lodge. It's the kind of family partnership ranking Administration official at the 25th Mr. Speaker, those of us who served that proves a "small" farm can be successful. anniversary reception at the Embassy of Bul­ with the late Barratt O'Hara are richer garia on Van Buren Street. For Joseph Burns, a 31-year-old economics for our association with this man of such professor, this was his first vistt here since varied interests and exceptional ability. CONGRATULATIONS ON MOON his father became top White House adviser Throughout his life, his deeds embodied LANDING FROM YUGOSLAVIA to President Nixon. It was also a homecoming all that is great in America. to a town he knew well as a school boy, first I am honored to pay tribute to Barratt at Bethesda-Chevy Chase High School and O'Hara. We shall all sorely miss our HON. THOMAS M. PELLY then at St. Albans from which he graduated. former colleague. All of us and his loved He now teaches at the University of Cali­ OF WASHINGTON fornia at Los Angeles (UCLA). ones may be consoled in the knowledge IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES "Did your son take up economics under that Barratt O'Hara's memory shall Wednesday, September 10, 1969 your influence?" Dr. Burns was asked. never grow old, but shall forever repre­ "No, I took up economics under my son's sent the breadth of vision and depth of Mr. PELLY. Mr. Speaker, I received a guidance," quipped one of the top economists human concern that marked our late col­ post oard from Yugoslavia recently, ad- of the country. league's entire life. 25124 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 10, 1969 TRIBUTE TO CHARLES S. JOELSON CHARLES s. JOELSON, who is retirtng from to the citizens of New Jersey as he this body to accept appointment to the carries on his new responsibilities in the Superior Court of his State. highest tribunal of that great State. He HON. JAMES J. DELANEY For the 9 years it has been my privi­ has been a diligent and dedicated legisla­ OF NEW YORK lege to serve with "CHUCK" in the House, tor who has served his constituents, his IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES I have been deeply impressed with his insight into highly complex legislative State, and his Nation with uncommon Thursday, September 4, 1969 proposals, as well as his lucidity and ability and great distinction. Mr. DELANEY. Mr. Speaker, I am eloquence ln debate. He has demon­ His genial and warm personality, pleased to join my colleagues ln pay­ strated to an exceptional degree the spiced with gentle humor, will be ing tribute to the extremely able gentle­ qualities of prudence and sound judg­ greatly missed in this Chamber. We wish man from New Jersey, the Honorable ment, which will be of inestimable value him well.