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The London School of Economics and Political Science
The London School of Economics and Political Science Mercenaries and the State: How the hybridisation of the armed forces is changing the face of national security Caroline Varin A thesis submitted to the Department of International Relations of the London School of Economics for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, London, September 2012 ii Declaration I certify that the thesis I have presented for examination for the MPhil/PhD degree of the London School of Economics and Political Science is solely my own work other than where I have clearly indicated that it is the work of others (in which case the extent of any work carried out jointly by me and any other person is clearly identified in it). The copyright of this thesis rests with the author. Quotation from it is permitted, provided that full acknowledgement is made. This thesis may not be reproduced without my prior written consent. I warrant that this authorisation does not, to the best of my belief, infringe the rights of any third party. I declare that my thesis consists of <83,157> words. iii Abstract The military has been a symbol of nationhood and state control for the past two hundred years. As representatives of a society’s cultural values and political ambitions, the armed forces have traditionally been held within the confines of the modern state. Today, however, soldiers are expected to operate in the shadows of conflicts, drawing little attention to themselves and to their actions; they are physically and emotionally secluded from a civilian population whose governments, especially in the ‘West’, are proceeding to an unprecedented wave of demilitarisation and military budget cuts. -
Stirling Silliphant Papers, Ca
http://oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/tf2f59n87r No online items Finding Aid for the Stirling Silliphant Papers, ca. 1950-ca. 1985 PASC.0134 Finding aid prepared by Processed by UCLA Library Special Collections staff; machine-readable finding aid created by D.MacGill UCLA Library Special Collections Room A1713, Charles E. Young Research Library Box 951575 Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1575 (310) 825-4988 [email protected] Online finding aid last updated 14 August 2017 Finding Aid for the Stirling PASC.0134 1 Silliphant Papers, ca. 1950-ca. 1985 PASC.0134 Title: Stirling Silliphant papers Identifier/Call Number: PASC.0134 Contributing Institution: UCLA Library Special Collections Language of Material: English Physical Description: 27.0 linear feet65 boxes. Date (inclusive): ca. 1950-ca. 1985 Language of Materials: Materials are in English. Physical Location: Stored off-site at SRLF. Advance notice is required for access to the collection. Please contact the UCLA Library Special Collections Reference Desk for paging information. Restrictions on Access COLLECTION STORED OFF-SITE AT SRLF: Open for research. Advance notice required for access. Contact the UCLA Library Special Collections Reference Desk for paging information. Restrictions on Use and Reproduction Property rights to the physical object belong to the UC Regents. Literary rights, including copyright, are retained by the creators and their heirs. It is the responsibility of the researcher to determine who holds the copyright and pursue the copyright owner or his or her heir for permission to publish where The UC Regents do not hold the copyright. Preferred Citation [Identification of item], Stirling Silliphant Papers (Collection Number PASC 134). -
Community of Kinsasha
Hospitallers Africa AFRICA, KEEP THE LAMP CHAF — FLYER N°7 NOVEMBER 2016 OF HOSPITALITY ALIGHT The Democratic Republic of Congo help them to recover health and return to their “Zaire”, Central Africa, 9 border coun- family". tries. In 1960 he obtained the independ- The Team of CSM earlier is concerned of the ence. The capital Kinshasa 11 million of mental health approach devices for the popula- inhabitants. The DRC has more than 450 tion, especially beacause of the lack of re- ethnic groups with large cultural diversi- sources. Thus appear "antennas": consultation ties. Christianity is the religion more in various districts of the city center. important. Since his arrival to Kinshasa the sisters mobilized their local capabilities in favor of the The presence of the Congregation: mission hospital. Now we can say that the in the heart of mental health . germ of what is now the hospital family is at Called by Cardinal Joseph Malula, the the origin of the Congregation in Kinshasa. Congregation is established in Kinshasa A small group of "mothers" actively collaborat- in September 30, 1989 with the arrival ing in the psychiatric hospital in Kinkole. On of the three first sisters to Kinshasa: April 24, 2005, it was the chosen date to install Ángela, Ma. Covadonga and Andrea; in the "body" to this group which began to grow and, above all, began to arise among them a order to take care of the mentally sick, great desire to live the hospitaller values taking part of the health structure of the and engage actively in the field of mission. -
African Coups
Annex 2b. Coups d’Etat in Africa, 1946-2004: Successful (1), Attempted (2), Plotted (3), and Alleged (4) Country Month Day Year Success Leaders Deaths Angola 10 27 1974 2 Antonio Navarro (inter alia) 0 Angola 5 27 1977 2 Cdr. Nito Alves, Jose van Dunen 200 Benin 10 28 1963 1 Gen. Christophe Soglo 999 Benin 11 29 1965 1 Congacou 0 Benin 12 17 1967 1 Alley 998 Benin 12 13 1969 1 de Souza 998 Benin 10 26 1972 1 Maj. Mathieu Kerekou 0 Benin 10 18 1975 2 Urbain Nicoue 0 Benin 1 16 1977 2 unspecified 8 Benin 3 26 1988 2 Capt. Hountoundji 0 Benin 5 1992 2 Pascal Tawes 0 Benin 11 15 1995 2 Col. Dankoro, Mr. Chidiac 1 Burkina Faso 1 3 1966 1 Lt. Col. Sangoule Lamizana 0 Burkina Faso 11 25 1980 1 Col. Saye Zerbo 0 Burkina Faso 11 7 1982 1 Maj. Jean-Baptiste Ouedraogo 20 Burkina Faso 8 4 1983 1 Capt. Thomas Sankara 13 Burkina Faso 10 15 1987 1 Capt. Blaise Campaore 100 Burkina Faso 10 20 2003 4 Norbert Tiendrebeogo, Capt. Wally Diapagri 0 Burundi 10 18 1965 2 unspecified 500 Burundi 11 29 1966 1 Capt. Micombero 999 Burundi 5 1972 4 unspecified 100000 Burundi 11 1 1976 1 Lt. Col. Jean-Baptiste Bagaza 0 Burundi 9 3 1987 1 Maj. Pierre Buyoya 0 Burundi 3 4 1992 2 Bagaza? 0 Burundi 7 3 1993 2 officers loyal to Buyoya 0 Burundi 10 21 1993 2 Gen. Bikomagu, Francois Ngeze 150000 Burundi 4 25 1994 2 Tutsi paratroopers 999 Burundi 7 25 1996 1 army 6000 Burundi 4 18 2001 2 Lt. -
The Rwandan Genocide: Combating Stereotypes And
The Rwandan Genocide: Combating Stereotypes and Understanding the Origins Nicola Skakel Senior Honors Thesis Department of History April 9th 2018 Defense Committee: Dr. Susan K. Kent, Department of History, Primary Advisor Dr. Matthew Gerber, Department of History, Honors Council Representative Dr. Paul Shankman, Department of Anthropology, Advisor 1 Introduction On the 7th of April 1994, the small east African country of Rwanda erupted into one of the most deadly and intimate genocides the modern world had ever witnessed. Whilst the western world stood by and watched in just 100 days over 800,000 Rwandans out of a total population of 7 million, were systematically murdered in the most brutal and violent of ways. Those who were targeted made up the country’s minority ethnic group the Tutsis, and moderates from the majority group, the Hutus. For many, the legacy of Rwanda is a monstrous example of extreme pent up ethnic tensions that has its roots in European colonialism. In contrast, I will argue that the events not just of 1994 but also the unrest that proceeded it, arose from a highly complex culmination of long-standing historical tensions between ethnic groups that long pre-dated colonialism. In conjunction, a set of short-term triggers including foreign intervention, civil war, famine, state terrorism and ultimately the assassination of President Habyarimana also contributed to the outburst of genocide in 1994. Whilst it would be easy to place sole responsibility on European colonists for implementing a policy of divide and rule and therefore exacerbating ethnic tensions, it seems to me that genocide is never that cut and dried: it can never be explained by one factor. -
HUMAN DIGNITY Discourses on Universality and Inalienability
HUMAN DIGNITY Discourses on Universality and Inalienability One World Theology (Volume 8) HUMAN DIGNITY Discourses on Universality and Inalienability 8 Edited by Klaus Krämer and Klaus Vellguth CLARETIAN COMMUNICATIONS FOUNDATION, INC. HUMAN DIGNITY Discourses on Universality and Inalienability Contents (One World Theology, Volume 8) Copyright © 2017 by Verlag Herder GmbH, Freiburg im Breisgau Published by Claretian Communications Foundation, Inc. U.P. P.O. Box 4, Diliman 1101 Quezon City, Philippines Preface ......................................................................................... ix Tel.: (02) 921-3984 • Fax: (02) 921-6205 [email protected] www.claretianpublications.ph Anthropological Remarks on Human Dignity Claretian Communications Foundation, Inc. (CCFI) is a pastoral endeavor of the Human Dignity in the Light of Anthropology ....................... 3 Claretian Missionaries in the Philippines that brings the Word of God to people from all and the History of Ideas walks of life. It aims to promote integral evangelization and renewed spirituality that is geared towards empowerment and total liberation in response to the needs and challenges Josef Schuster of the Church today. Reaffirming the Theology of Human Dignity in Africa .......... 17 CCFI is a member of Claret Publishing Group, a consortium of the publishing houses of the Claretian Missionaries all over the world: Bangalore, Barcelona, Buenos Aires, Chennai, Critical challenges and salient hopes in Tanzania Colombo, Dar es Salaam, Lagos, Macau, Madrid, Manila, Owerry, São Paolo, Varsaw and Aidan G. Msafiri Yaoundè. Anthropological Annotations on Human Dignity from an Asian Perspective ............................................................... 27 Francis-Vincent Anthony Discussion Forum as the Survival Strategy ........................ 37 of a Kaqchikel Community in Guatemala Andreas Koechert Roots of Human Dignity in the Specific Context An Historical Perspective on Violations of Dignity ............. -
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Book Reviews 541 Léon de Saint Moulin, S.J. Histoire des jésuites en Afrique: Du XVIe siècle à nos jours. Paris: Éditions jésuites, 2016. Pp. 137. Pb, €12. The presence of the Jesuits in Africa is as old as the Society of Jesus itself. Un- fortunately, their history on the continent is also the least studied. This volume is short, yet it is the first comprehensive history of the Jesuits in Africa. In its 137 pages, the author, himself a seasoned missionary, seeks to focus not on mission history as such, but on the birth of local churches. The book is divided in three parts corresponding to three periods of the history of the Jesuits in Africa. The Portuguese or Padroado era covers the early missions in the kingdom of Congo and Angola, Ethiopia, Cape Verde, the Zambesi, and Madagascar, from the foundation of the Society of Jesus in 1540 to its suppression in 1773. Beyond a clear chronological report of events, nothing substantial is said about this pe- riod. Then follows the colonial era, from the restoration of the Society in 1814 to the wave of African nations becoming independent in the 1960s. Characteristic of this period was the emergence of most of the present Jesuit provinces and sub-provinces in Africa. Here, de Saint Moulin provides a chronology of those foundations, their most important achievements, and the most significant mis- sionaries (including Africans) in Madagascar, the Zambesi, and Central, West- ern, and Eastern Africa. Missions were dependent upon colonial powers for their foundation and functioning. Yet, missionaries also took a stand against colonial abuses. -
Spectacle, Masculinity, and Music in Blaxploitation Cinema
Spectacle, Masculinity, and Music in Blaxploitation Cinema Author Howell, Amanda Published 2005 Journal Title Screening the Past Copyright Statement © The Author(s) 2005. The attached file is posted here with permission of the copyright owner for your personal use only. No further distribution permitted. Please refer to the journal's website for access to the definitive, published version. Downloaded from http://hdl.handle.net/10072/4130 Link to published version http://www.latrobe.edu.au/screeningthepast/ Griffith Research Online https://research-repository.griffith.edu.au Spectacle, masculinity, and music in blaxploitation cinema Spectacle, masculinity, and music in blaxploitation cinema Amanda Howell "Blaxploitation" was a brief cycle of action films made specifically for black audiences in both the mainstream and independent sectors of the U.S. film industry during the early 1970s. Offering overblown fantasies of black power and heroism filmed on the sites of race rebellions of the late 1960s, blaxploitation films were objects of fierce debate among social leaders and commentators for the image of blackness they projected, in both its aesthetic character and its social and political utility. After some time spent as the "bad object" of African-American cinema history,[1] critical and theoretical interest in blaxploitation resurfaced in the 1990s, in part due to the way that its images-- and sounds--recirculated in contemporary film and music cultures. Since the early 1990s, a new generation of African-American filmmakers has focused -
Dolemite Is My Name
DOLEMITE IS MY NAME Written by Scott Alexander and Larry Karaszewski FINAL IN THE BLACK We hear Marvin Gaye's "What's Goin' On" playing softly. VOICE I ain't lying. People love me. INT. DOLPHIN'S - DAY CU of a beat-up record from the 1950s. On the paper cover is a VERY YOUNG Rudy, in a tuxedo. It says "Rudy Moore - BUGGY RIDE" RUDY You play this, folks gonna start hoppin' and squirmin', just like back in the day. A hand lifts the record up to the face of RUDY RAY MOORE, late '40s, black, sweet, determined. RUDY When I sang this on stage, I swear to God, people fainted! Ambulance man was picking them off the floor! When I had a gig, the promoter would warn the hospital: "Rudy's on tonight -- you're gonna be carrying bodies out of the motherfucking club!" We see that we are in a RADIO BOOTH. A sign blinks "On The Air." The DJ, ROJ, frowns at the record. ROJ "Buggy Ride"? RUDY Wasn't no small-time shit. ROJ GodDAMN, Rudy! That record's 1000 years old! I've got Marvin Gaye singin' "Let's Get It On"! I can't be playin' no "Buggy Ride." (beat) Look, I have 60 seconds. I have to cue the next tune. Hm! Rudy bites his lip and walks away. Roj tries to go back to his job. He reaches for a Sly Stone single -- when Rudy suddenly bounds back up. RUDY How about "Step It Up and Go"? That's a real catchy rhythm-and-blues number. -
05 Hughes Final
MATTHEW HUGHES Fighting for White Rule in Africa: The Central African Federation, Katanga, and the Congo Crisis, - of Zimbabwe in , black guerrilla forces fought a long war throughout the s against the white- Bcontrolled government of Rhodesia. Twenty years earlier, in the late s and early s, long before the start of the insurgency that led to the end of white rule, the white settlers of Rhodesia, then part of the Central African Federation, had fought against black rule in the Belgian Congo. The focus of this fight was the Congo’s province of Katanga, which bordered on the Federation to the north. The struggle in the Congo forms part of the story of white Rhodesian resistance to black majority rule that lasted until (and until in South Africa). Even before Belgium decided to pull out of the Congo in , the Federation’s whites were looking to effect a political union with the Belgian settlers in Katanga; and once Belgium withdrew in the summer of , the Federation did all it could to help to preserve white control over the Congo. This article examines the two related issues of the proposed political union between the Federation and Katanga before , and the Federation’s support for white settler interests in Katanga and the Congo from to , when this phase of the Congo crisis ended. It shows that determined white resist- ance began earlier and cast its net more widely than once thought, thus adding to our understanding of the decay of white rule in central and southern Africa after the Second World War. -
Léo Volker Architect of Aggiornamento
Society of the Missionaries of Africa - History Series no 12 Léo Volker Architect of Aggiornamento 1957-1967 Aylward Shorter M.Afr. Rome 2013 Stampa Istituto Salesiano Pio XI - Via Umbertide, 11 - 00181 Roma Tel. : 06.78.27.819 - Fax : 06.78.48.333 - E-Mail [email protected] Finito di stampare : aprile 2013 Foreword The meeting of the History Research team held in Rome from 5th to 7th May 2011 suggested that I should prepare material for the study and teaching of the period 1947-1967. This was a period in which Africa and our Society experienced some of the most sweeping changes in our history. Reading and research for this period was carried out in London in 2011 and in Rome in February 2012. A dossier of background and working papers, amounting to some 40,000 words, was prepared. In addition, material was included about Missionaries of Africa who served as military chaplains, and who were demobilized between 1945 and 1954. In 1957 the Society included up to 600 former soldiers, of whom one in ten had served as officially designated military chaplains. This fact had much to do with the Society's preparedness for, and expectation of, change. In November 2012 François Richard and Jean-Claude Ceillier proposed that the dossier should form the basis of a volume in the History Series, focussing on the contribution of Léo Volker, superior general from 1957 to 1967.I am grateful to Jean-Claude Ceillier and the History Research team, and to François Richard, Juan-José Oses and Fritz Stenger in the General Archives, Library and Photo Collection at Via Aurélia, for ail their help. -
La Crise D'hommes Au Congo: Les Larmes De La Honte
Benjamin Becaud Mambuana “ La crise d’hommes au Congo: les larmes de la honte” De la déchéance à la fin programmée du fameux « Brésil africain » mort né -2008- Résumé Pourquoi malgré ses importants atouts : ses ressources les plus innombrables et exceptionnelles ce pays, autrefois nommé le « Brésil africain » continue sa plongée apnée ? Des facteurs tels la colonisation, l’impérialisme, l’ingérence extérieure,…, ont été généralement évoqués pour expliquer les causes de la déliquescence de ce « pays continent » très largement gâté par la nature. Une part relativement faible des analyses accordait l’attention à la défaillance humaine pour expliquer les vraies origines du mal qui continue à compromettre le bien-être des populations congolaises. A l’évidence, autant d’hommes qui se succèdent à la tête du Congo, autant des systèmes politiques, autant des médiocrités qui gangrènent le quotidien congolais largement marqué par la racaille. La victimisation du peuple congolais demeure une réalité frappante dont la « têtutesse » de faits semble ne pas être défiée même par le point de vue de l’observateur le plus optimiste. Le Congo s’affiche à la porte des sorties de classements conventionnellement admis, n’eût été les artifices par lesquels les meilleurs experts surdoués des institutions internationales se tirent d’affaire pour justifier des potentiels signes de vie : brandissant, notamment, des chiffres dignes des coups de baguettes magiques. Cet ouvrage tente d’examiner, tout particulièrement, l’homme congolais, et sa façon de faire. Un processus de lavage de cerveaux et de dépigmentation culturelle ont été, très tôt à l’œuvre pour transmuter ce peuple dynamique d’avant l’indépendance en vulgaire danseur avili et humilié.