Hempton to South Creake Cable Route Hempton, Dunton, Sculthorpe and South Creake Norfolk

Programme of Archaeological Recording

for Lark Energy

CA Project: 660529 CA Report: 15762

SMS and Earthwork Survey Event No: ENF138499 Watching Brief Event No: ENF138543

October 2015

Hempton to South Creake Cable Route Hempton, Dunton, Sculthorpe and South Creake Norfolk

Programme of Archaeological Recording

CA Project: 660529 CA Report: 15762

Document Control Grid Revision Date Author Checked by Status Reasons for Approved revision by A 15/10/2015 SRJ SCC Internal SCC review

This report is confidential to the client. Cotswold Archaeology accepts no responsibility or liability to any third party to whom this report, or any part of it, is made known. Any such party relies upon this report entirely at their own risk. No part of this report may be reproduced by any means without permission.

CONTENTS

SUMMARY ...... 2

1. INTRODUCTION ...... 3

2. ARCHAEOLOGICAL BACKGROUND ...... 4

3. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES ...... 5

4. METHODOLOGY ...... 6

5. RESULTS (FIGS 2-9) ...... 8

6. THE FINDS ...... 10

7. THE BIOLOGICAL EVIDENCE ...... 11

8. DISCUSSION ...... 12

9. CA PROJECT TEAM ...... 13

10. REFERENCES ...... 13

APPENDIX A: CONTEXT DESCRIPTIONS ...... 14

APPENDIX B: THE FINDS ...... 15

APPENDIX C: OASIS REPORT FORM ...... 16

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Fig. 1 Site location plan (1:20,000) Fig. 2 Plan of SMS Area and Watching Brief Area 1 (1:400) Fig. 3 Sections (1:20) Fig. 4 Ditch 102/106, looking south (photograph) Fig. 5 Ditch 104/108, looking south (photograph) Fig. 6 Plan and profile of earthwork survey (1:200) Fig. 7 Earthwork survey and SMS Area, looking south-west (photograph) Fig. 8 Earthwork survey and SMS Area, looking north (photograph) Fig. 9 Watching brief Area 2 (photograph)

1 © Cotswold Archaeology Hempton to South Creake cable route: Programme of Archaeological Recording

SUMMARY

Project Name: Hempton to South Creake cable route Location: Hempton, Dunton, Sculthorpe and South Creake, Norfolk NGR: TF 8708 3331 – Sculthorpe to TF 9054 2941 – Hempton Moor Type: Programme of Archaeological Works Date: 28 September to 1 October and 14 October 2015 Planning Reference: PF/15/0384 & 15/00449/FM Location of Archive: To be deposited with Norfolk Museum Services Event No: SMS and Earthwork Survey: ENF138499 Watching Brief: ENF138543 Site Code: HSC 15

During September and October 2015, a programme of archaeological recording, consisting of an earthwork survey, strip, map and sample excavation and a watching brief was undertaken by Cotswold Archaeology, both prior to and during groundworks associated with the installation of an underground electricity cable along the Hempton to South Creake cable route, Hempton, Dunton, Sculthorpe and South Creake, Norfolk.

The cable route crosses the projected line of a Roman road which runs from Holkham to Toftrees. However, examination of LiDAR data did not identify the potential for any significant archaeological deposits to lie buried along the course of the proposed development. The south-eastern end of the cable route terminates within an area of earthworks of a deserted medieval settlement at Hempton Moor.

The earliest features encountered comprised two ditches, located towards the eastern end of the cable route, containing pottery dating from the Iron Age. Two undated pits were located beneath the earthworks in the easternmost field.

The survey recorded earthworks predominantly relating to modern construction and quarrying at the south-western termination of the cable route.

Despite the projected line of a Roman road running through the cable route no evidence of Romano-British activity was found.

2 © Cotswold Archaeology Hempton to South Creake cable route: Programme of Archaeological Recording

1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 During September and October 2015 Cotswold Archaeology (CA) carried out a programme of archaeological recording during construction works associated with the installation of an underground electricity cable along the Hempton to South Creake cable route, Hempton, Dunton, Sculthorpe and South Creake, Norfolk (between NGR: TF 8708 3331 and TF 9054 2941). The work, which was commissioned by Lark Energy, was undertaken to fulfil a condition attached to planning consent (PF/15/0384; Conditions 8 and 9) granted by North Norfolk District Council (NNDC).

1.2 The programme of works was carried out in accordance with a Brief for Archaeological Monitoring and Archaeological Strip, Map and Sample Excavation at Hempton to South Creake Cable Route, Hempton, Dunton, Sculthorpe and South Creake, Norfolk (NCC 2015) issued by James Alborne, Planning Archaeologist, Norfolk County Council’s Historic Environment Service (NCCHES; the archaeological advisor to NNDC) and during subsequent discussions.

1.3 The fieldwork was conducted in accordance with a subsequent detailed Written Scheme of Investigation (WSI) produced by CA (2015a) and approved by NNDC acting on the advice of James Alborne and also followed the appropriate sections of Standards for Field Archaeology in the East of England (Gurney 2003), the Standard and guidance: Archaeological excavation (CIfA 2014), Standard and guidance: Archaeological watching brief (CIfA 2014), the Management of Archaeological Projects 2 (English Heritage 1991) and the Management of Research Projects in the Historic Environment (MORPHE): Project Manager’s Guide (English Heritage 2006). It was monitored by James Alborne, including a site visit on 1 October 2015.

The site 1.4 The proposed development follows a linear route, which is approximately 6.75km long (Fig. 1). The proposed grid connection runs east from the solar park (NGR: TF 8708 3331), before turning to the south and passing to the east of Sculthorpe Airfield, were it follows the course of New Road, passes underneath the river Wensum and then follows east along the course of the former Midland and Great Northern Joint Railway to the substation opposite Hempton Moor (NGR: TF 9054 2941). The site lies between 40m and 65m AOD, on gently sloping land.

3 © Cotswold Archaeology Hempton to South Creake cable route: Programme of Archaeological Recording

1.5 The bedrock geology of the area is mapped as White Chalk and Nodular Chalk of the Cretaceous Period. This is overlain by superficial Quaternary deposits of Briton's Lane Sand and Gravel (BGS 2015).

2. ARCHAEOLOGICAL BACKGROUND

2.1 The archaeological and historical background of the site has been presented in detail in a heritage desk-based assessment (CA 2015b) and the archaeological brief (NCC 2015). A trial trench evaluation has been undertaken at the southern terminal of the cable route (CA 2014). The following section is summarised from these sources.

2.2 The findings from these sources indicate that the route of the cable run is located in an area which has the potential for below-ground archaeological remains of prehistoric, Roman, Saxon and medieval date. In particular, the earthworks of a deserted medieval settlement lie to the immediate north-east of the site. No designated heritage assets are located along the course of the proposed development.

Prehistoric 2.3 The northern extent of the cable run is located very close to a number of prehistoric findspots including the site of a Neolithic quern and a Bronze Age metalwork hoard comprising sword blade fragments, socketed axeheads and pottery sherds. Where the route crosses the A148 it passes close to cropmarks of a ring ditch and undated rectilinear enclosures.

Roman 2.4 The route of the cable run crosses the projected line of a Roman road which runs from Holkham to Toftrees. At the southern extent of the cable route Roman pottery has been found in the vicinity of the former St Andrew's Church (see below).

Medieval - modern 2.5 At its southern extent the cable route is located close to the former location of St Andrew’s Church, which was abandoned at the end of the medieval period and in ruins by the early 17th century. No standing structures remain, but the church is

4 © Cotswold Archaeology Hempton to South Creake cable route: Programme of Archaeological Recording

surrounded by a series of earthworks, thought to represent a moated enclosure, a pond and other ditched enclosures possibly representing medieval tofts. These earthworks may form elements of a larger nucleated settlement, and it is considered possible that associated below-ground archaeological features may extend south- westwards into the current evaluation site. Middle Saxon pottery has also been found in the vicinity of the church, perhaps indicating that the medieval settlement had a Saxon precursor.

2.6 Numerous medieval and post-medieval metal finds have also been recorded in the vicinity of the cable route.

2.7 The route runs close to the boundary of Sculthorpe Airfield, built in 1942. After the end of World War II the airfield became one of the biggest American airfields in the country, until the base was closed in 1992.

2.8 Examination of LiDAR, and historic 19th and 20th-century mapping, has not identified the potential for any significant archaeological deposits to lie buried along the course of the proposed development.

2.9 No archaeological features were found during the evaluation carried out during the construction of the substation at West Raynham solar park (CA 2014). This may indicate that activity associated with the former medieval settlement did not extend as far as the evaluation site. A single piece of probably Mesolithic worked flint was recovered from the topsoil, suggesting a very low level of prehistoric activity in the vicinity of the site.

3. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES

3.1 The objectives of the archaeological works, as set-out in the WSI (CA 2015a), were:

• to monitor groundworks, and to identify, investigate and record all significant buried archaeological deposits revealed on the site during the course of the development groundworks;

• at the conclusion of the project, to produce an integrated archive for the project work and a report setting out the results of the project and the archaeological conclusions that can be drawn from the recorded data.

5 © Cotswold Archaeology Hempton to South Creake cable route: Programme of Archaeological Recording

3.2 The specific research aims of the project, based on those outlined in the regional historic environment research framework (Medlycott 2011), were to:

• research into Roman infrastructure, including the routes and forms of roads (p.48); • research into the origins and development of medieval rural settlements and small hamlets (p.70); • research into post-medieval and modern defensive sites (p.80).

3.3 The objectives of the earthwork survey were to record the earthworks in the area of the cable run east of Hempton substation prior to their loss and to allow for their reconstruction once the cable has been installed.

4. METHODOLOGY

4.1 The fieldwork followed the methodology set out within the WSI (CA 2015a). An archaeologist was present during the programme of archaeological mitigation work, which comprised three main fieldwork elements (Fig. 1):

• an archaeological watching brief during topsoil/subsoil stripping works in the 9m- wide development corridor on cable groundworks connecting Hempton substation and South Creake substation, as well as during the excavation of directional drilling pits and associated works under the postulated line of a Roman road; • an archaeological strip, map and sample investigation of an 8m-wide cable easement in the area of the cable run east of Hempton substation; • Earthwork survey of the 8m-wide cable easement area east of Hempton substation. The results of this survey will be used during the reconstruction of the earthworks, following the installation of the cable run.

Earthwork survey methodology 4.2 The earthwork survey was carried out using a Leica Viva series “SmartRover” (real- time kinematic) RTK GPS instrument. The Leica RTK GPS is quoted as +/- 20mm in accuracy for all 3D observations and measurements.

6 © Cotswold Archaeology Hempton to South Creake cable route: Programme of Archaeological Recording

4.3 The survey is orientated to Ordnance Survey National Grid. All major surface features have been included in the survey but the complexity of detail relates finally to the plotted scales and to the specific requirements of the survey brief. This must be borne in mind when interpreting the plan. All mapped features have been heighted and these relate to Ordnance Datum Newlyn. The precision of heights on soft surfaces may be taken to within ±50mm due to the autopoint technique used and the limitations of the instrument.

4.4 Field notes and digital photographs were taken to supplement the digital survey record. Once the survey fieldwork was complete, the data was downloaded from the instrument into Leica GeoOffice, a proprietary survey processing package, and then exported to a CAD system, from which a plan drawing was produced.

4.5 The survey has been subject to full quality control and assurance procedures at each stage of the work, including documented self-checks and independent checks, to ensure that mistakes, errors and omissions are identified and corrected prior to delivery of the results. The quality assurance has been recorded using Cotswold Archaeology internal procedures and systems.

4.6 In addition to hard copy prints at a suitable scale, the survey is available as a digital file, in DXF, shapefile or other similarly widely applicable format, and with drawing layers in accordance with either EH guidance on the presentation of digital survey data or client specification.

SMS Excavation Methodology 4.7 The location of the excavation area was agreed with James Albone, NCCHES. Following the earthwork survey, an excavation area measuring 43m in length and 6m in width was set out on OS National Grid (NGR) co-ordinates using Leica GPS and surveyed in accordance with CA Technical Manual 4: Survey Manual. The excavation area was scanned for live services by trained CA staff using CAT and Genny equipment in accordance with the CA Safe System of Work for avoiding underground services.

4.8 Fieldwork commenced with the removal of topsoil and subsoil from the excavation area by mechanical excavator with a toothless grading bucket, under archaeological supervision.

7 © Cotswold Archaeology Hempton to South Creake cable route: Programme of Archaeological Recording

Watching Brief and General Methodology 4.9 The watching brief followed the methodology set out within the WSI (CA 2015a). An archaeologist was present during intrusive groundworks comprising topsoil/subsoil stripping in the 9m-wide development corridor, as well as during the excavation of directional drilling pits and associated works under the postulated line of a Roman road (Fig. 1).

4.10 Where archaeological deposits were encountered written, graphic and photographic records were compiled in accordance with CA Technical Manual 1: Fieldwork Recording Manual.

4.11 The archaeological features thus exposed were hand-excavated to the bottom of archaeological stratigraphy. All features were planned and recorded in accordance with CA Technical Manual 1: Fieldwork Recording Manual.

4.12 Deposits were assessed for their environmental potential and five features considered to have potential for characterising the earlier phases of activity were sampled in accordance with CA Technical Manual 2: The Taking and Processing of Environmental and Other Samples from Archaeological Sites.

4.13 All artefacts recovered from the excavation were retained in accordance with CA Technical Manual 3: Treatment of finds immediately after excavation.

4.14 The archive and artefacts from the programme of archaeological works are currently held by CA at their offices in Milton Keynes. Subject to the agreement of the legal landowner the artefacts will be deposited with Norfolk Museum Services under event numbers ENF138499 (SMS and Earthwork Survey) and ENF138543 (Watching Brief), along with the site archive. A summary of information from this project, set out within Appendix C, will be entered onto the OASIS online database of archaeological projects in Britain.

5. RESULTS (FIGS 2-9)

5.1 The programme of archaeological recording, revealed the remains of a Late Iron Age field system or enclosure, evident in the form of parallel north-west/south-east orientated ditches. With the exception of two undated pits, no other archaeological

8 © Cotswold Archaeology Hempton to South Creake cable route: Programme of Archaeological Recording

features were identified. Full details of the recorded features and deposits, as well as the finds are to be found in Appendices A and B respectively.

General stratigraphy 5.2 The geological substrate, consisting of sand, was revealed within each of the three excavated areas at between 0.4 and 0.7m below present ground level (bpgl). This was overlain by subsoil (201 and 301), 0.6m thick, which comprised sandy silt. This was in turn sealed by topsoil, up to 0.25m thick. Within watching brief Area 1 the natural was directly overlain by topsoil (100), up to 0.6m thick.

Iron Age (Figs 2-5) 5.3 Extending from the southern baulk of watching brief Area 1 were parallel ditches 102/106 and 104/108 (Fig. 4; sections AA and BB). They were revealed for a length of 3.5m and 5m respectively and both terminated within the excavated area. They measured between 1.23m and 1.32m in width and 0.3m and 0.48m in depth. Both ditches contained a single silty sand fill, deposited by gradual silting.

5.4 Ditch 106 contained five sherds of Middle to Late Iron Age pottery. The terminal end of this ditch (102) contained nine sherds of pottery dating to the Iron Age, as well as two flint flakes, broadly attributable to the prehistoric period. Ditch 104 contained seven sherds of Early to Middle 1st-century AD pottery, as well as fired clay, worked and burnt flint and a fragment from a crucible.

Medieval (Figs 2, 6 and 7) 5.5 At the western end of the cable route is an area of well-preserved earthworks (Figs 2-5). In consideration of their good state of preservation they were the subject of a measured earthwork survey, to allow their re-contouring following the SMS. The greater part of the field contained a series of generally well-preserved earthworks, interpreted as a moated enclosure, a pond and other ditched enclosures, probably relating to medieval tofts, however, the area through which the cable route passed has been the subject of quarrying activity and disturbance during the construction of the existing substation.

Undated (Figs 2 and 8) 5.6 Extending from the eastern baulk of the SMS area was sub-rectangular pit 203. It measured 1.58m in width and 0.82m deep. Located to the north was pit 205. It measured 1.6m long, 1m wide and 0.3m deep. Both pits had steeply sloping sides

9 © Cotswold Archaeology Hempton to South Creake cable route: Programme of Archaeological Recording

and flat bases. No artefacts were recovered from the respective ash silt fills of either pit.

6. THE FINDS

6.1 Artefactual material from the evaluation was hand-recovered from three ditch fills. The recovered material dates to the prehistoric and Roman periods. Quantities of the artefact types are given in Appendix B. The pottery has been recorded according to sherd count/weight per fabric. Recording also included form/rim morphology and any evidence for use in the form of carbonised/other residues (although none was apparent).

Pottery: Late prehistoric 6.2 A total of 18 sherds (119g) of Late prehistoric pottery (dating across the Late Bronze Age to Iron Age) was recorded. The average sherd weight of 7g suggests the assemblage has been moderately broken up, although condition is generally good in terms of edge abrasion and surface preservation.

6.3 Identified fabrics consist of handmade quartz (QZ), fine flint (FLF) or grog-and- quartz (GRQZ) tempered types. Most sherds are thick-walled. An Iron Age date is suggested on the basis of fabric and firing characteristics. Closer dating in the Middle to Late Iron Age is possible for a bodysherd in fabric GRQZ from fill 106 of ditch 107, which has been decorated with two rows of horizontal impressions.

Late Iron Age/Early Roman transition 6.4 Fill 105 of ditch 104 produced two sherds in a wheelthrown, fine, quartz-tempered fabric (QZF). Both sherds come from a vessel with a low cordon at the base of the neck and probably in the ‘Belgic’ tradition, dateable to the early to middle 1st century AD.

6.5 A bodysherd (3g) in an oxidised fabric (OXID) from fill 105 of ditch 104 is in good condition and displays fine combing on the exterior surface. This may derive from a butt beaker copy, which is a form dateable to the early to middle 1st century.

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Lithics 6.6 A total of four flint flakes, in edge damaged condition, was recovered from fill 103 of ditch 102 and fill 105 of ditch 104. The lithics are of broad prehistoric date. A single piece of burnt, unworked flint (10g) was also recorded in ditch fill 105.

Ceramic object 6.7 Four fragments of fired clay (88g) were retrieved from fill 105 of ditch 104. One large fragment may be part of a loom weight.

Crucible 6.8 A small ceramic fragment (fill 105 of ditch 104), clearly subjected to intense heat and with a slaggy residue to one surface, is provisionally identified as from a crucible. A coppery residue also visible suggests a use for the smelting/casting of copper alloys.

7. THE BIOLOGICAL EVIDENCE

Animal Bone 7.1 Two fragments of animal bone (17g) were recovered from deposit 105, the single fill of ditch feature 104, in association with artefacts dating to the Roman period. The bone was poorly preserved but it was possible to identify a single cattle (Bos taurus) molar together with a fragment of long bone from a cattle-sized mammal. No further useful interpretative data was obtainable and it is more than likely that the fragments are residual in nature.

11 © Cotswold Archaeology Hempton to South Creake cable route: Programme of Archaeological Recording

8. DISCUSSION

8.1 The archaeological investigation has recorded evidence for archaeological features within the site, comprising linear ditches and undated pits. The ditches contained pottery dating to the Iron Age and appear to represent components of a former field system or enclosure. Despite the projected line of a Roman road running through the cable route no evidence of Romano-British activity was found (Fig. 9).

Iron Age 8.2 The identified Iron Age features (ditches 102/106 and 104/108) appear to relate to agricultural activity and land division.

Medieval 8.3 At the south-western end of the cable route the earthwork survey recorded extant earthworks representing modern quarrying and construction activities as well as preserving elements of a larger medieval nucleated settlement located within the remainder of the field. These earthworks comprised a moated enclosure, a pond and other ditched enclosures possibly representing medieval tofts. The earthworks are the remains of the site of St Andrew's Church, located c. 200m north-east of the substation. The church fell into disuse in the mid-16th-century and was in ruins by the early 17th century. A fragment of flint masonry now marks the site.

8.4 A watching brief was undertaken on the cable route in the field to the south to determine if the archaeological remains associated with the earthworks continued into this area. However, no evidence of medieval activity was identified.

Undated 8.5 Two undated pits (203 and 205) were revealed within the strip, map and sample area. The exact function of these features is uncertain. They may be associated with the adjacent medieval earthworks, but the loose, friable nature of their fills and the fact they were cut through the subsoil might indicate a modern origin.

12 © Cotswold Archaeology Hempton to South Creake cable route: Programme of Archaeological Recording

9. CA PROJECT TEAM

Fieldwork was undertaken by Daniel Riley and Sam Dixon, assisted by Jonathan Whitmore. The report was written by Stuart Joyce. The finds and biological evidence reports were written by Jacky Sommerville and Andy Clarke respectively. The illustrations were prepared by Lucy Martin. The archive has been compiled by Emily Evans, and prepared for deposition by Hazel O’Neill. The project was managed for CA by Stuart Joyce.

10. REFERENCES

BGS (British Geological Survey) 2015 Geology of Britain Viewer http://maps.bgs.ac.uk/geology viewer_google/googleviewer.html Accessed 20 July 2015

CA (Cotswold Archaeology) 2014 West Raynham Solar Park (Substation Site), Hempton, Norfolk: Archaeological Evaluation. CA report No. 14204

CA (Cotswold Archaeology) 2015a Hempton to South Creake cable route, Hempton, Dunton, Sculthorpe and South Creake, Norfolk: Written Scheme of Investigation for a Programme of Archaeological Recording, unpublished document

CA (Cotswold Archaeology) 2015b South Creake Grid Connection, Norfolk, Heritage Statement. CA report No. 15089

Gurney, D. 2003 Standards for Field Archaeology in the East of England East Anglian Archaeology Occasional Paper 14

NCC (Norfolk County Council) 2015 Brief for Archaeological Monitoring and Archaeological Strip, Map and Sample Excavation at Hempton to South Creake Cable Route: Hempton, Dunton, Sculthorpe and South Creake, Norfolk

APPENDIX A: CONTEXT DESCRIPTIONS

Trench Context Type Fill of Context Description L (m) W Depth Spot- No. No. interpretation (m) /thick date ness (m) 1 100 Layer topsoil Mid grey brown silty sand 0.4 modern 1 101 Layer natural Light brown yellow sand 1 102 Cut ditch Terminus, moderately sloping >3.5 0.67 0.31 IA sides, uneven base. North- west/south-east orientated. Same as 106 1 103 Fill 102 single fill of ditch Light reddish brown sandy silt >3.5 0.67 0.31 IA

1 104 Cut ditch Terminus, moderately sloping >5 0.9 0.15 C1 sides, uneven base. North- west/south-east orientated. Same as 108 1 105 Fill 104 single fill of ditch Dark grey brown silty sand >5 0.9 0.15 C1 1 106 Cut ditch Moderately sloping straight >3.5 1.32 0.48 M-LIA sides, slightly A-symmetrical profile. North-west/south-east orientated. Same as 102 1 107 Fill 106 single fill of ditch Dark grey brown silty sand >3.5 1.32 0.48 M-LIA 1 108 Cut ditch Moderately sloping straight >5 1.23 0.3 sides, slightly A-symmetrical profile. North-west/south-east orientated. Same as 104 1 109 Fill 108 single fill of ditch Dark grey brown silty sand >5 1.23 0.3 2 200 Layer topsoil Mid grey brown sandy silt 0.1 modern 2 201 Layer subsoil Dark brown sandy silt 0.6 2 202 Layer natural Light brown yellow sand 2 203 Cut pit Sub rectangular in plan. Steeply 1.58 0.82 modern sloping sides, flat base 2 204 Fill single fill of pit Dark grey ash silt, loose 1.58 0.82 modern compaction 2 205 Cut Pit Oval in plan. Steeply sloping 1.6 1 0.3 modern sides, flat base 2 206 Fill single fill of pit Dark grey ash silt, loose 1.6 1 0.3 modern compaction 3 300 Layer topsoil Dark grey brown sandy silt 0.25 modern 3 301 Layer subsoil Mid brown sandy silt 0.6 3 302 Layer natural Light orange brown sand

APPENDIX B: THE FINDS

Context Category Description Fabric Count Weight Spot-date Code (g) 103 Late prehistoric pottery Quartz-tempered fabric QZ 8 45 IA Late prehistoric pottery Fine flint-tempered fabric FLF 1 <1 Fired clay 1 7 Worked flint Flake 2 6 105 Late prehistoric pottery Quartz-tempered fabric QZ 2 17 EC1-MC1 Late prehistoric pottery Flint-and-quartz tempered fabric FLQZ 2 11 Late prehistoric/Early Fine quartz-tempered fabric QZF 2 10 Roman pottery Late prehistoric/Early Oxidised fabric OXID 1 3 Roman pottery Fired clay 4 88 Industrial waste Crucible fragment 1 4 Worked flint Flake 2 6 Burnt flint 1 10 Shell 1 2 107 Late prehistoric pottery Quartz-tempered fabric QZ 2 25 MIA-LIA Late prehistoric pottery Fine flint-tempered fabric FLF 1 2 Late prehistoric pottery Grog-and-quartz tempered GRQZ 2 19 fabric

APPENDIX C: OASIS REPORT FORM

PROJECT DETAILS Project Name Hempton to South Creake cable route, Hempton, Dunton, Sculthorpe and South Creake, Norfolk Short description During September and October 2015, a programme of archaeological recording, consisting of an earthwork survey, strip, map and sample excavation and a watching brief was undertaken by Cotswold Archaeology, both prior to and during groundworks associated with the installation of an underground electricity cable along the Hempton to South Creake cable route, Hempton, Dunton, Sculthorpe and South Creake, Norfolk. The cable route crosses the projected line of a Roman road which runs from Holkham to Toftrees. However, examination of LiDAR data did not identify the potential for any significant archaeological deposits to lie buried along the course of the proposed development. The south-eastern end of the cable route terminates within an area of earthworks of a deserted medieval settlement at Hempton Moor. The earliest features encountered comprised two ditches, located towards the eastern end of the cable route, containing pottery dating from the Iron Age. Two undated pits were located beneath the earthworks in the easternmost field. Despite the projected line of a Roman road running through the cable route no evidence of Romano-British activity was found. Project dates 28 September to 1 October and 14 October 2015 Project type SMS and WB Previous work Heritage Statement CA 2015 Future work Unknown PROJECT LOCATION Site Location Hempton to South Creake, Norfolk Study area (M2/ha) N/A Site co-ordinates (8 Fig Grid Reference) TF 8708 3331 – Sculthorpe to TF 9054 2941 – Hempton Moor PROJECT CREATORS Name of organisation Cotswold Archaeology Project Brief originator Norfolk County Council Project Design (WSI) originator Cotswold Archaeology Project Manager Stuart Joyce Project Supervisor Sam Dixon and Dan Riley MONUMENT TYPE None SIGNIFICANT FINDS None PROJECT ARCHIVES Intended final location of archive Content Physical Norfolk Museum Services Pottery, fired clay, worked flint, burnt flint, industrial waste Paper Norfolk Museum Services WSI, pro-forma recording sheet and registers Digital Norfolk Museum Services Database, digital photographs BIBLIOGRAPHY

CA (Cotswold Archaeology) 2015 Hempton to South Creake cable route, Hempton, Dunton, Sculthorpe and South Creake. CA typescript report 15762

16 WWatchingatching BriefBrief AArearea 2

EEarthworkarthwork SSurveyurvey & SSMSMS AArearea

0 1km1km WWatchingatching BBriefrief AArearea 1

N Andover 01264 347630 Cirencester 01285 771022 Cotswold Exeter 01392 826185 Archaeology Milton Keynes 01908 564660 LNSHIRE w www.cotswoldarchaeology.co.uk e [email protected] Cable route PROJECT TITLE Roman road Hempton to South Creake cable route Norfolk

FIGURE TITLE NORFOLK Site location plan

TY OF BOROUGH

FIGURE NO. Reproduced from the digital Ordnance Survey Explorer map with DRAWN BY LM PROJECT NO. 660529 the permission of Ordnance Survey on behalf of The Controller CHECKED BY DB DATE 02/11/15 of Her Majesty's Stationery Office c Crown copyright Cotswold Archaeology Ltd 100002109 APPROVED BY SJ SCALE@A4 1:20,000 1

Section AA

E W 42.4m AOD

100

107

ditch 102/106

Section BB

E W 42.3m AOD

100

109

ditch 104/108

Andover 01264 347630 Cirencester 01285 771022 Cotswold Exeter 01392 826185 Archaeology Milton Keynes 01908 564660 w www.cotswoldarchaeology.co.uk e [email protected]

PROJECT TITLE Hempton to South Creake cable route Norfolk

FIGURE TITLE Sections

DRAWN BY LM PROJECT NO. 660529 FIGURE NO. CHECKED BY DB DATE 02/11/15 APPROVED BY SJ SCALE@A4 1:20 3 4

Ando ver 01264 347630 Cirencester 01285 771022 Cotswold Exeter 01392 826185 4 Ditch 102/106, looking south (1m scale) Archaeology Milton Ke ynes 01908 564660 w www.cotswoldarchaeolog y.co.uk e enquiries @ cotswoldarchaeolog y.co.uk

PROJECT TITLE Hempton to South Creake cable route 5 Ditch 104/108, looking south (1m scale) Norfolk FIGURE TITLE Watching Brief Area 1: photographs

DRAWN BY LM PROJECT NO. 660529 FIGURE NO. CHECKED BY DB DATE 03/11/15 APPROVED BYY SJ 45& B

(2x vertical exaggeration)

m AOD

41 A

38 B

(2x vertical exaggeration)

m AOD C (2x vertical exaggeration) Earthwork 4 41

Earthwork 1 m AOD E (modern) 40 40 C F D 39 D 39

38 38

0 10m Earthwork 2 F 1:200

Andover 01264 347630 Cirencester 01285 771022 potential area of quarrying Cotswold Exeter 01392 826185 Earthwork 3 Archaeology Milton Keynes 01908 564660 w www.cotswoldarchaeology.co.uk e [email protected]

PROJECT TITLE Hempton to South Creake cable route A Norfolk FIGURE TITLE Plan and profile of earthwork survey

DRAWN BY LM PROJECT NO. 660529 FIGURE NO. CHECKED BY DB DATE 03/11/15 APPROVED BY SJ SCALE@A3 1:200 6 7

Ando ver 01264 347630 Cirencester 01285 771022 Cotswold Exeter 01392 826185 7 Earthwork survey and SMS Area, looking south-west Archaeology Milton Ke ynes 01908 564660 w www.cotswoldarchaeolog y.co.uk e enquiries @ cotswoldarchaeolog y.co.uk

PROJECT TITLE Hempton to South Creake cable route 8 Earthwork survey and SMS Area, looking north Norfolk FIGURE TITLE Photographs

DRAWN BY LM PROJECT NO. 660529 FIGURE NO. CHECKED BY DB DATE 03/11/15 APPROVED BYY SJ 78& 9

Ando ver 01264 347630 Cirencester 01285 771022 Cotswold Exeter 01392 826185 Archaeology Milton Ke ynes 01908 564660 w www.cotswoldarchaeolog y.co.uk e enquiries @ cotswoldarchaeolog y.co.uk

PROJECT TITLE Hempton to South Creake cable route Norfolk FIGURE TITLE Watching brief Area 2: photograph

DRAWN BY LM PROJECT NO. 660529 FIGURE NO. CHECKED BY DB DATE 03/11/15 APPROVED BY SJ 9