Il Caso De Gaulle (1958-1965) Brizzi Riccardo
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Morphological Evolution of the Port‐City Interface of Algiers (16Th Century to the Present)
Urban Planning (ISSN: 2183–7635) 2021, Volume 6, Issue 3, Pages 119–135 https://doi.org/10.17645/up.v6i3.4017 Article Morphological Evolution of the Port‐City Interface of Algiers (16th Century to the Present) Khalil Bachir Aouissi 1, Said Madani 1 and Vincent Baptist 2,* 1 Laboratory PUViT, Ferhat Abbas University Setif 1, Algeria; E‐Mails: aouissikhalil@univ‐blida.dz (K.B.A.), smadani@univ‐setif.dz (S.M.) 2 Erasmus School of History, Culture and Communication, Erasmus University Rotterdam, The Netherlands; E‐Mail: [email protected] * Corresponding author Submitted: 17 January 2021 | Accepted: 27 March 2021 | Published: 27 July 2021 Abstract This article traces the centuries‐long morphological development of Algiers’ port‐city interface across four historically rel‐ evant time periods that together span from the dawn of the 16th century up until today. Through a diachronic and geo‐ historical approach, we identify and analyse the origins of Algiers’ persistent port‐city divide. In doing so, the notion of the interface is interpreted as a spatial threshold between city and port, which nevertheless supports the material flows of both entities. As a multi‐purpose area, the interface holds the potential to weave the disparate entities of a port city back together. To further complement this conceptual angle, we provide investigations of porosity that determine the differing degrees of connectivity between the city and port of Algiers. This is combined with a spatial‐functional analysis of Algiers’ current port‐city interface, which is ultimately characterised as a non‐homogeneous entity composed of four distinct sequences. These results contribute to a better orientation of imminent plans for waterfront revitalisations in Algiers. -
Representing the Algerian Civil War: Literature, History, and the State
Representing the Algerian Civil War: Literature, History, and the State By Neil Grant Landers A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in French in the GRADUATE DIVISION of the UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY Committee in charge: Professor Debarati Sanyal, Co-Chair Professor Soraya Tlatli, Co-Chair Professor Karl Britto Professor Stefania Pandolfo Fall 2013 1 Abstract of the Dissertation Representing the Algerian Civil War: Literature, History, and the State by Neil Grant Landers Doctor of Philosophy in French Literature University of California, Berkeley Professor Debarati Sanyal, Co-Chair Professor Soraya Tlatli, Co-Chair Representing the Algerian Civil War: Literature, History, and the State addresses the way the Algerian civil war has been portrayed in 1990s novelistic literature. In the words of one literary critic, "The Algerian war has been, in a sense, one big murder mystery."1 This may be true, but literary accounts portray the "mystery" of the civil war—and propose to solve it—in sharply divergent ways. The primary aim of this study is to examine how three of the most celebrated 1990s novels depict—organize, analyze, interpret, and "solve"—the civil war. I analyze and interpret these novels—by Assia Djebar, Yasmina Khadra, and Boualem Sansal—through a deep contextualization, both in terms of Algerian history and in the novels' contemporary setting. This is particularly important in this case, since the civil war is so contested, and is poorly understood. Using the novels' thematic content as a cue for deeper understanding, I engage through them and with them a number of elements crucial to understanding the civil war: Algeria's troubled nationalist legacy; its stagnant one-party regime; a fear, distrust, and poor understanding of the Islamist movement and the insurgency that erupted in 1992; and the unending, horrifically bloody violence that piled on throughout the 1990s. -
Nostalgias in Modern Tunisia Dissertation
Images of the Past: Nostalgias in Modern Tunisia Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By David M. Bond, M.A. Graduate Program in Near Eastern Languages and Cultures The Ohio State University 2017 Dissertation Committee: Sabra J. Webber, Advisor Johanna Sellman Philip Armstrong Copyrighted by David Bond 2017 Abstract The construction of stories about identity, origins, history and community is central in the process of national identity formation: to mould a national identity – a sense of unity with others belonging to the same nation – it is necessary to have an understanding of oneself as located in a temporally extended narrative which can be remembered and recalled. Amid the “memory boom” of recent decades, “memory” is used to cover a variety of social practices, sometimes at the expense of the nuance and texture of history and politics. The result can be an elision of the ways in which memories are constructed through acts of manipulation and the play of power. This dissertation examines practices and practitioners of nostalgia in a particular context, that of Tunisia and the Mediterranean region during the twentieth and early twenty-first centuries. Using a variety of historical and ethnographical sources I show how multifaceted nostalgia was a feature of the colonial situation in Tunisia notably in the period after the First World War. In the postcolonial period I explore continuities with the colonial period and the uses of nostalgia as a means of contestation when other possibilities are limited. -
The French Revolution in the French-Algerian War (1954-1962): Historical Analogy and the Limits of French Historical Reason
City University of New York (CUNY) CUNY Academic Works All Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects 9-2016 The French Revolution in the French-Algerian War (1954-1962): Historical Analogy and the Limits of French Historical Reason Timothy Scott Johnson The Graduate Center, City University of New York How does access to this work benefit ou?y Let us know! More information about this work at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu/gc_etds/1424 Discover additional works at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu This work is made publicly available by the City University of New York (CUNY). Contact: [email protected] THE FRENCH REVOLUTION IN THE FRENCH-ALGERIAN WAR (1954-1962): HISTORICAL ANALOGY AND THE LIMITS OF FRENCH HISTORICAL REASON By Timothy Scott Johnson A dissertation submitted to the Graduate Faculty in History in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, The City University of New York 2016 © 2016 TIMOTHY SCOTT JOHNSON All Rights Reserved ii The French Revolution in the French-Algerian War (1954-1962): Historical Analogy and the Limits of French Historical Reason by Timothy Scott Johnson This manuscript has been read and accepted for the Graduate Faculty in History in satisfaction of the dissertation requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Richard Wolin, Distinguished Professor of History, The Graduate Center, CUNY _______________________ _______________________________________________ Date Chair of Examining Committee _______________________ -
Burning the Veil: the Algerian War and the 'Emancipation' of Muslim
3 Unveiling: the ‘revolutionary journées’ of 13 May 1958 Throughout the period from early 1956 to early 1958 putschist forces had been gathering strength both within the army and among right- wing settler organisations and these eventually coalesced on 13 May 1958 when crowds gathered in the Forum and stormed the General Government buildings. The military rapidly used the crisis to effect a bloodless coup and to install a temporary ‘revolutionary’ authority headed by a Committee of Public Safety (Comité de salut public or CSP) under Generals Massu and Salan. There then followed a tense stand- off between the army in Algeria and the new Paris government headed by Pierre Pfl imlin, a three-week period during which civil war was a real possibility, until de Gaulle agreed to assume, once again, the role of ‘saviour of the nation’, and was voted into power by the National Assembly on 1 June.1 ‘13 May’ was one of the great turning points in modern French history, not only because it marked a key stage in the Algerian War, but more signifi cantly the collapse of the Fourth Republic, de Gaulle’s return to power, and the beginnings of the new constitutional regime of the Fifth Republic. The planning of the coup and its implementation was extraordi- narily complex – the Bromberger brothers in Les 13 Complots du 13 mai counted thirteen strands2 – but basically two antagonistic politi- cal formations reached agreement to rally to the call for de Gaulle’s return to power. On the one hand there was a secret plot by Gaullists, most notably Michel Debré (soon to become Prime Minister), Jacques Soustelle, Léon Delbecque and Jacques Chaban-Delmas (acting Minister of Defence), to engineer the return of the General so as to resolve the political crisis of the ‘system’, the dead hand of the party system of the Fourth Republic, which they viewed as destroying the grandeur of France. -
Neil Macmaster
1 Inside the FLN NEIL MACMASTER 2 Inside the FLN: the Paris massacre and the French Intelligence Service Neil MacMaster March 2013. The moral right of the author has been asserted. The author welcomes any e-mail comment: <[email protected]> Cover photograph: Mohamed Zouaoui. 3 Contents Introduction 4 1 “Operation Flore” and the arrest of Mohamed Zouaoui 10 2 The Zouaoui network: the role of the Contrôleurs 21 3 The European Support Network, Renault, and FLN Propaganda 33 4 The Problem of Violence and the Federation U-Turn 43 5 Assassination of police officers and the Federation crisis 54 6 At the grass-roots: Mohammed Ghafir and Amala 12 (13th Arrondissement) 66 7 Planning the demonstrations of 17-20 October 84 8 Abderrahmane Farès and the financial network 98 9 After the massacre: the impact of the crisis on the FLN 108 Conclusion 123 Jean-Luc Einaudi and the Sacralisation of Mohammedi Saddek: An Essay 127 Appendix 1 Who was Mohammedi Saddek? 132 Appendix 2 La guerre des chiffres: how many Algerians died? 140 Short bibliography of publications, 2006-2013 145 Note on the author 147 4 INTRODUCTION By 2006, when I and Jim House published Paris 1961. Algerians, State Terror, and Memory, a number of books, by Jean-Luc Einaudi, Jean-Paul Brunet, Alain Dewerpe, Linda Amiri, Rémy Valat, and others, meant that the main features of the Paris massacre and the demonstration of 17 October were quite well understood.1 Political controversy has continued to rage, mainly in relation to the contested issue of the numbers of Algerians that were killed, but in general the bulk of the publications that have appeared since Paris 1961 have had to do with the cultural, artistic and memorial aspects of the events, rather than with further research into primary archival sources.2 This shift from the further excavation of archives, to differing interpretations of cultural and political meanings, was exemplified by the debates surrounding Michael Haneke’s film Caché,3 and the commemoration of the 50th anniversary in October 2011. -
August 17, 1964 Record of Conversation from Chairman Mao's
Digital Archive digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org International History Declassified August 17, 1964 Record of Conversation from Chairman Mao’s Reception of the Algerian Ambassador to China Mohamed Yala Citation: “Record of Conversation from Chairman Mao’s Reception of the Algerian Ambassador to China Mohamed Yala,” August 17, 1964, History and Public Policy Program Digital Archive, PRC FMA 107- 01043-08. Translated by David Cowhig. http://digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org/document/118026 Summary: List of Mao and Yala's main points of discussion, including successful party building, battling imperialism, and suppressing counter-revolutions, as well as record of their conversation regarding the state of Algeria's foreign relations with Vietnam, the US, and others. Credits: This document was made possible with support from the Henry Luce Foundation. Original Language: Chinese Contents: English Translation Ministry of Foreign Affairs Document Record of Conversation from Chairman Mao’s Reception of the Algerian Ambassador to China Mohamed Yala (Not reviewed by the chairman) Time: August 17, 1964 afternoon Location: Beidaihe Attendance: Vice Minister Qiao Guanhua, Vice Minister Ma Zhenwu Interpreter: Huang Qi Notetaker: Li Tengzhi Chairman Mao's Main Points: 1. Imperialism is a paper tiger. The enemy has more troops and better equipment. The people's army is smaller and has poor equipment but it can nonetheless overcome difficulties and defeat the enemy. Don't be afraid to lose a lot of people, the population will grow rapidly after liberation. 2. Two intermediate zones. 3. Strive to win the moderate faction and suppress counter-revolution. 4. Knowledge: The Ministry of Foreign Affairs can organize visits with friendly and Foreign Affairs can organize tours for the envoys of friendly foreign nations, not necessarily together with other envoys. -
The Development of Algerian Nationalism 1936-1954
The development of Algerian nationalism 1936-1954 Mohamed Mounir KHENOUF The history of Algerian political struggle from the first world war until 1954 was dominated by three motifs, which were : a) The general movement of politically conscious Algerians from assimilationist demands to militant nationalism; b) The unceasing sabotage of the periodic metropolitan liberalising initiatives by the colons; c) The tremendous difficulties in these circumstances of evolving an effective nationalist strategy. These difficulties were apparent before the Second World War in the variety of Muslim political movements. Apart from those Muslims elected to the Conseil Superieur and the Delegations Financiers, whose criticism of French policies was very restrained, we can distinguish between the so-called French Algerians, led in the 1930s by Ben Djelloul and Ferhat Abbas, who demanded full assimilation; the reformed Oulema, led by Ben Badis, who were concerned to develop the Islamic and Arabic character of the Muslim population in opposition to French culture; the proletarian followers of Messali Hadj, initially in France, who demanded independence; and the trade unionists, especially the communists, who supported working-class solidarity with the working class in France. The critical turning point in Algerian political life occurred with the disruption and revelations brought about by the Second World War. The reasons for this transformation were numerous: the submergence of assimilationist hopes with the failure of the Blum Violette project, the emergence of colonial fascism in Algeria under the Vichy government, the opening up of new possibilities of democratic nationalism with the Anglo-American landings and the early political weakness of De Gaulle’s liberation committee,. -
Analysis of the Causes of the Independent Movement of Algeria
IOSR Journal Of Humanities And Social Science (IOSR-JHSS) Volume 19, Issue 6, Ver. V (Jun. 2014), PP 79-95 e-ISSN: 2279-0837, p-ISSN: 2279-0845. www.iosrjournals.org Analysis of the Causes of the Independent Movement of Algeria Rabeya Khatun Islamic History and Culture Department, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh. Abstract: The aim of this paper is to identify and analysis the different causes of the Algerian War of Independence 1954-1962. The analysis extends to include various aspects of French colonization’s policy and their determination to maintain direct control of Algeria because of its strategic location and how they pillaged the land, destroyed old cultures, displaced local languages, transformed ancient customs, devastation of traditional society, economy and military alliances and how they created new ones throwing up in their wake new historical opportunities. It represents the undermining of women's roles and rights, and the exploitation of their willingness to shelve their feminist agenda in favor of participation in the nationalist cause. This paper also looks at the role of nationalist parties and leaders to rise of Algerian nationalism. This paper is traced to the nature of the socio-political Circumstances of Algeria that took over the leadership of the anti-colonial struggle, war of independence and subsequently of the Algerian state. Keywords: Algeria, colony, nationalism, women, independence. I. Preface It was the century of colonialism. The principal colonial powers were the United Kingdom, France, Russia and the Netherlands. The nations of Europe fanned out across the globe in search of profits and in the process subjugated vast regions of the earth, pillaging the land, destroying old cultures, displacing local languages, transforming ancient customs. -
Who Is Jacques Soustelle?
Click here for Full Issue of EIR Volume 12, Number 4, January 29, 1985 been encouraging-but so academically!-various subver Americanist R. Jaulin has suggested that "white Indianity," sive, separatist, and anti-industrial activities in the Third that is, a society of rural, autarkical "self-ruled" communi World, and propagating hatred for technological progress, ties, be "our future." According to J.-L. Herbert, another fully in line with the international neo-Malthusian green leading Americanist, Indian tribalism shows the way today terrorist movement. to an "alternative project of European civilization" which "The cultures which are different from ours represent an should link up again with "Gnosticism" and reverse "ten international capital necessary to the comprehension of the centuries of Western expansion. " past as well as to the orientation of the future because they Primitive societies, with their "anti-surplus principle" represent diversified models and not remains [emphasis and "autarkical ideal," as the late P. Clastres, another lumi added]," reads a text adopted by the Societe's executive nary of the Americanists' Society, put it, are in fact "societies board in 1968. Denouncing the "cultural crimes" committed of abundance" in which "fecundity, infanticide and natural all over the world by "Judeo-Christian civilization," leading selection secure for the tribes a democraphic optimum quan- I nificantly, de Gaulle had not made him a "Compagnon de la Liberation" (Companion of the Liberation). an order he created for the men who faithfully fought on his side. And in fact, Sou stelle • s Gaullist posture was soon to tum to the most bitter opposition to France's savior: Sent to Algeria Who is Jacques Soustelle? as governor by Prime Minister Mendes-France in 1955, Sou stelle suddenly converted from a liberal who support ed decolonization into a radical activist of "French Alger Jacques Soustelle, born in 1912 in Montpellier, is the son ia," tied to the terrorist "Organisation de I' Armee Secrete" of a Protestant worker from the Cevennes mountains. -
2499 Prelims 7/4/03 2:40 Pm Page I
Atkin 2 colours 30/4/03 4:54 pm Page 1 It is widely assumed that the French in the Cover illustration: A French soldier and two of his British Isles during the Second World War comrades, coming from Dunkirk, receive a snack THE were fully-fledged supporters of General after landing in Great Britain, 1940. Courtesy of Photos12.com – Oasis de Gaulle, and that across the channel at FORGOTTEN least, the French were a ‘nation of THE ATKIN resisters’. This highly provocative study reveals that most exiles were on British FORGOTTEN FRENCH soil by chance rather than by design, and Exiles in the British Isles, 1940-44 many were not sure whether to stay. FRENCH Overlooked by historians, who have Exiles in the British Isles, 1940-44 concentrated on the ‘Free French’ of de Gaulle, these were the ‘Forgotten French’: The forgotten French refugees swept off the beaches of Dunkirk; servicemen held in camps after the Franco-German armistice; Vichy consular officials left to cater for their compatriots; and a sizeable colonist community based mainly in London. This is a really interesting and important work, which will Drawing on little-known archival sources, this study examines the hopes and fears of be of interest to scholars of twentieth-century Britain and these communities who were bitterly France because it throws light on so many other issues. divided among themselves, some being attracted to Pétain as much as to de Dr Richard Vinen, King’s College, London Gaulle. It also looks at how they fitted into British life and how the British in turn responded. -
Wilfried Loth Building Europe
Wilfried Loth Building Europe Wilfried Loth Building Europe A History of European Unification Translated by Robert F. Hogg An electronic version of this book is freely available, thanks to the support of libra- ries working with Knowledge Unlatched. KU is a collaborative initiative designed to make high quality books Open Access. More information about the initiative can be found at www.knowledgeunlatched.org This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 License. For details go to http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/. ISBN 978-3-11-042777-6 e-ISBN (PDF) 978-3-11-042481-2 e-ISBN (EPUB) 978-3-11-042488-1 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A CIP catalog record for this book has been applied for at the Library of Congress. Bibliographic information published by the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data are available in the Internet at http://dnb.dnb.de. © 2015 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston Cover image rights: ©UE/Christian Lambiotte Typesetting: Michael Peschke, Berlin Printing: CPI books GmbH, Leck ♾ Printed on acid free paper Printed in Germany www.degruyter.com Table of Contents Abbreviations vii Prologue: Churchill’s Congress 1 Four Driving Forces 1 The Struggle for the Congress 8 Negotiations and Decisions 13 A Milestone 18 1 Foundation Years, 1948–1957 20 The Struggle over the Council of Europe 20 The Emergence of the Coal and Steel Community