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Fonds Jacques Soustelle (1912-1990) Fonds Jacques Soustelle (1912-1990) Répertoire numérique détaillé de la sous-série 112AJ (112AJ/1-112AJ/88) par Patricia Gillet, conservateur en chef du patrimoine, avec la collaboration d'Harmonie Mariette, stagiaire du master Pro " Archives des XXe et XXIe siècles européens" de l'université de Bourgogne Première édition électronique Archives nationales (France) Pierrefitte-sur-Seine 2015 1 https://www.siv.archives-nationales.culture.gouv.fr/siv/IR/FRAN_IR_050467 Cet instrument de recherche a été rédigé dans le système d'information archivistique des Archives nationales. Ce document est écrit en français. Conforme à la norme ISAD(G) et aux règles d'application de la DTD EAD (version 2002) aux Archives nationales. 2 Archives nationales (France) INTRODUCTION Référence 112AJ/1-112AJ/88 Niveau de description fonds Intitulé Fonds Jacques Soustelle (1912-1990) Date(s) extrême(s) 1912-1995 Importance matérielle et support 9,60 m.l. (88 articles) Localisation physique Pierrefitte-sur-Seine Conditions d'accès Librement communicable Conditions d'utilisation Reproduction libre selon le règlement de la salle de lecture Avertissement : De nombreuses photographies contenues dans ce fonds sont l'œuvre d'agences de presse ou de photographes indépendants. Il conviendra donc, avant toute utilisation de ces images, de veiller au respect des droits moraux et patrimoniaux garantis par le Code de la propriété intellectuelle aux auteurs de ces photographies et à leurs ayants-droit. DESCRIPTION Présentation du contenu Les archives décrites dans le présent inventaire sont le reflet fidèle de l’exceptionnel parcours de Jacques Soustelle. De même qu’il a toujours mené de front activités politiques et travaux ethnologiques, ces deux lignes de force de sa vie se retrouvent inextricablement mêlées dans ses papiers. Les passerelles sont en effet nombreuses entre les diverses parties du fonds Soustelle, par-delà le plan de classement « chrono-thématico-typologique » qui s’est imposé au fil de la découverte des dossiers : papiers personnels ; correspondance ; revue de presse générale ; dossiers relatifs aux engagements politiques de Jacques Soustelle, de la France libre à l’Algérie, en passant par ses fonctions ministérielles et ses mandats électoraux ; documents éclairant ses activités de recherche et d’enseignement ; mémoires. Au-delà de la partie du fonds qui lui est clairement consacrée, une même thématique est ainsi illustrée dans d’autres rubriques de l’inventaire. C’est particulièrement le cas de l’Algérie, objet du chapitre « Jacques Soustelle et l’Algérie », dont on trouve d’autres traces dans la correspondance, la revue de presse, les livres et articles de Jacques Soustelle, ses interventions publiques et les documents résultant de ses activités ministérielles. Quant au Mexique, qui occupe naturellement une place de choix dans les travaux scientifiques de Jacques Soustelle, il apparaît aussi dans ses papiers personnels, via ses agendas, ou la revue de presse, via les press-books de ses voyages. L’autre particularité de ce fonds est de rendre compte de l’extraordinaire activité de polygraphe de Jacques Soustelle, à travers ses ouvrages et ses innombrables articles, parus dans Voici pourquoi et une multitude de journaux 3 Archives nationales (France) et revues pour traiter tour à tour de l’actualité, de la vie politique, des événements internationaux et de l’histoire des peuples du monde. S'y rencontrent ainsi de nombreux manuscrits et tapuscrits, soigneusement archivés par l’attachée de presse de Jacques Soustelle, Myriam de la Croix, à laquelle on doit la conservation attentive de l’ensemble de ces archives. Dernière caractéristique, la présence d’une impressionnante quantité de photographies, clichés amateurs ou professionnels venus enrichir la quasi-totalité des dossiers. Quelques lacunes sont manifestes dans le fonds Jacques Soustelle, ou à tout le moins une qualité inégale des dossiers. On peut par exemple regretter, au chapitre de ses activités d'américaniste, l'absence de notes de terrain, ou rester sur sa faim au vu des documents retraçant ses activités de gouverneur général de l'Algérie. Les fonds d'archives publiques et privées susceptibles de combler ces manques sont heureusement très nombreux. Ils sont aussi très épars et l'intérêt des papiers de Jacques Soustelle est bien de permettre une approche globale de cette figure de l"intellectuel en action", avant d'en approfondir les multiples facettes en puisant à d'autres sources. Liens : Langue des documents • Français • Allemand • Anglais • Espagnol • Italien • Néerlandais • Portugais • Suédois Institution responsable de l'accès intellectuel Archives nationales de France HISTORIQUE DU PRODUCTEUR Jacques Soustelle naît à Montpellier le 3 février 1912. Après des études de lettres et de philosophie à Lyon, il est reçu major à l’École normale supérieure en 1929, avant de soutenir à la Sorbonne en 1931 un mémoire sur « Les phénomènes d’extase chez les Eskimo et les Sibériens ». C’est le début de sa carrière d’ethnologue. De 1932 à 1940, il est chargé de plusieurs missions scientifiques au Mexique et devient spécialiste des civilisations autochtones de l’Amérique. Sous-directeur du Musée de l’Homme aux côtés de Paul Rivet, il est aussi à la fin des années trente un homme engagé, tenté par les Brigades internationales et animateur de l’Union des intellectuels français pour la justice, la liberté et la paix. Mobilisé à la légation de France à Mexico, il rallie le général de Gaulle dès juin 1940 et met en place les comités des Français libres au Mexique et en Amérique centrale. Gagnant Londres en juin 1942, il est chargé des services d’information de la France libre puis se voit confier à Alger, dès juillet 1943, la direction des services spéciaux. À la Libération, il occupe brièvement les fonctions de commissaire de la République à Bordeaux avant de devenir sous le Gouvernement provisoire ministre de l’Information, de mai à novembre 1945, puis des Colonies, de novembre 1945 à janvier 1946. Ses responsabilités politiques s’enchaînent sous la Quatrième République puis la Cinquième : secrétaire général du Rassemblement du peuple français (RPF) en 1947, député du Rhône en 1951 (réélu en 1956, 1958 et 1973), gouverneur général de l’Algérie de février 1955 à janvier 1956, puis, après le retour du général de Gaulle aux affaires, ministre de l’Information de juillet 1958 à janvier 1959 et ministre délégué auprès du Premier ministre Michel Debré de janvier 1959 à février 1960, chargé du Sahara, des départements et territoires d’outre-mer et de l’énergie atomique. Dans le même temps, il participe sans relâche au débat public, par le biais de sa revue Voici pourquoi, de ses ouvrages et de ses innombrables articles. 4 Archives nationales (France) Les années 1960-1961, point d’orgue du combat de Jacques Soustelle pour l’Algérie française, marquent sa rupture avec le général de Gaulle, avec la fin de ses mandats gouvernementaux puis son exil à l’étranger jusqu’en 1968. Mais son activité inlassable ne connaît aucune inflexion. Par-delà son mandat de député, il conserve ses attaches lyonnaises en devenant en 1971 conseiller municipal aux côtés de Louis Pradel, fonde le Mouvement national "Progrès et Liberté" et conserve une place singulière dans la vie politique française. La passion pour l’Amérique latine ne l’a pas quitté. Il y effectue de nombreux voyages, enseigne à l’École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS), rédige un rapport sur la recherche française en archéologie et anthropologie et est élu en 1975 président du groupe PACT (Techniques physiques, chimiques et mathématiques utilisées en archéologie) au Conseil de l’Europe. Son œuvre scientifique exigeante lui vaut de nombreuses récompenses internationales et il est élu à l’Académie française au fauteuil de Pierre Gaxotte en juin 1983, entrant solennellement sous la Coupole en mai 1984. Il décède à Neuilly-sur-Seine le 6 août 1990. ENTREE ET CONSERVATION Modalités d'entrée Don de Mme Alexandra Bilreiro, petite-fille de Myriam de la Croix, attachée de presse de Jacques Soustelle (2013). Historique de la conservation La préservation des archives de Jacques Soustelle doit beaucoup à son attachée de presse, Myriam de la Croix. Née à Bruxelles le 23 juin 1923, Myriam de la Croix fait des études d'histoire de l'art et de dessin. Elle épouse en juin 1946 le diplomate Pierre Marie J. E. de Meester de Ravestein, qu'elle suit en Amérique latine et au Portugal. Le couple, qui se sépare en mars 1966, a trois enfants, Véronique, Marc et Yvan-Pierre. Myriam de la Croix rencontre Jacques Soustelle au cours des années 1960, alors que ce dernier est en exil au Portugal. Elle travaille alors comme journaliste et devient son attachée de presse, accompagnant Jacques Soustelle tout au long de sa carrière politique et scientifique jusqu'à sa mort en 1990. En 1995, transportant avec elle les archives de Jacques Soustelle, Myriam de la Croix s'installe à Bruxelles où elle réside jusqu'en 2011, puis à Lisbonne où elle décède le 5 août 2012. SOURCES ET REFERENCES Documents de même provenance • Papiers remis aux Archives nationales en octobre 1950 par Jacques Soustelle (72AJ/1923) • Situation en Afrique du Nord et relations Giraud–De Gaulle, situation en Afrique occidentale française, armement et effectifs de la Résistance, envoi de fonds en France, épuration, affaires Peyrouton, Boisson et Massigli, Commission de débarquement, dossier "Vichy" (notamment rapport du général Giraud sur "les causes de la défaite", situation navale dans l’Océan Pacifique ouest, la mer
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