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Myths and Legends of the New York State Iroquois

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Myths and Legends of the New York State Iroquois .»>.. The original of this book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924055492973 CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY 924 055 492 973 Education Department Bulletin Published fortnightly by the University of the State of New York Entered as second-class matter June 24, i!)o8, at the Post Office at Albany, N. Y., under the act of July 16, 1894 No; 437 ALBANY, N. Y. December is, 1908 New York State Museum John M. Clarke, Director Museum bulletin 125 MYTHS AND LEGENDS OF THE NEW YORK STATE IROQUOIS BY HARRIET MAXWELL CONVERSE (Ya-ie-wa-noh) EDITED AND ANNOTATED BY ARTHUR CASWELL PARKER (Ga-wa-so-wa-neh) PAGE PAGE Prefatory note S Neh Ho-noh-tci-noh-gah, the Introduction 7 Guardians of the Little Waters, Biography of Harriet Maxwell a Seneca Medicine Society. A. Converse 14 C. Parker : 149 Pt I Iroquois Mythsand Legends. Appendix A. Origin of Good and Harriet Maxwell Converse. 31 Evil 184 Pt 2 Myths and Legends. Har- Appendix B. The Stone Giants. 185 riet Maxwell Converse (Re- Appendix C. The De-o-ha-ko.. 185 vised from rough drafts) 93 Appendix D. The Legendary Pt 3 . Miscellaneous papers. Har- Origin of Wampum 187 riet Maxwell Converse 128 Index igi ALBANY - UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF. NEW YORK. 1908 M2ozr-Je8-3ooo 1 STATE OF NEW YORK EDUCATION DEPARTMENT Regents of the University Witll years when terms expire 191.3 Whitelaw Reid M.A. LL.D. D.C.L. Chancellor New York 1917 St Clair McKelway M.A.LL.TD. Vice Chancellor Brooklyn 1919 Daniel Beach Ph.D. LL.D. - - - - - Watkins 1914 Pliny T. Sexton LL.B. LL.D. Palmyra 1912 T. Guilford Smith M.A. C.E. LL.D. - - - - Buffalo 1918 William Nottingham M.A.'Ph.D. LL.D. Syracuse 1910 Charles A. Gardiner Ph.D. L-H.D. LL.D. D.C.L. New York 1915 Albert Vander Veer M.D. M.A. Ph.D. LL.D. Albany 191 Edward Lauterbach M.A. LL.D. New York 1909 Eugene A. Philbin LL.B. LL.D. New York igi6 Lucian L. Shedden LL.B. LL.D. - Plattsbnrg Commissioner of Education Andrew S. Draper LL.B. LL.D. Assistant Commissioners Augustus S. Downing M.A. Pd.D. LL.D. First Assistant Frank Rollins B.A. Ph.D. Second Assisjant Thomas E. Finegan M.A. Third Assistant Director of State Library James I, Wyer, Jr, M.L.S. Director of Science and State Museum John M. Clarke Ph.D. LL.D. Ctiiefs of Divisions Administration, Harlan H. Horner B.A. Attendance, James D, Sullivan Educational Extension, William R. Eastman M.A- M.L.S. Examinations, Charles F. Wheelock B.S. LL.D. Inspections, Frank H. Wood M.A. Law, Frank B. Gilbert B.A. School Libraries, Charles E. Fitch L. H.D. Statistics, Hiram C. Case Trades Schools, Arthur D. Dean B.S. Visual Instruction, DeLancey M. Ellis New York State Education Department Science Division, June IB, 1908 Hon. A. S. Draper LL. D. Commissioner of Education My dear sir: I have the honor to transmit herewith, for publi- cation as a bulletin of this division, a manuscript entitled Myths and Legends of the New York State Iroquois. The materials for this work were gathered by the late Mrs Harriet Maxwell Converse during many years of intimate association- with the Six Nations of New York, and some years after her death came into the possession of this Department with the promise of publication. The manuscript has been edited by Arthur C. Parker, Archeologist, who has also prepared the introduction, a biograph- ical sketch of the author, as well as some annotations and addi- tions to the general body of the work. Very respectfully John M. Clarke Director State of New York Education Department commissioner's room Approved for publication this 19th day of Jutie 1908 Commissioner of Education O/l-hi a^H.'U-t'^^^ ^ Education Department Bulletin Published fortnightly by the University of the State of New York Entered as second-class matter June 24, 1908, at the Post Office at Albany, N. Y., under the act of July 16, 1894 No. 437 ALBANY, N. Y. December 15, 1908 New York State Museum John M, Clarke, Director c^\^n on Museum bulletin 125 MYTHS AND LEGENDS OF THE NEW YORK STATE IROQUOIS BY HARRIET MAXWELL CONVERSE, (Ya-ie-wa-noh) EDITED AND ANNOTATED BY ARTHUR CASWELL PARKER (Ga-wa-so wa-neh) PREFATORY NOTE One may not hope to read a primitive culture from tlie record of its workmanship alone, althoiigh this is often the only avenue remaining by which a lost culture may be approached. The mentality of a primitive people living close to nature mirrors the supreme law of the universe in its simplest and most elemental expressions; it clothes with individuality the manifestation of this law, gives words to its unconscious forces and thoughts to its living agents; it reads, suffused in a wealth of imagery, the spiritual law in the natural world or embellishes some historical event. Such simple and unembarrassed expressions, transmitted not by records of hand but from mouth to mouth through the generations, are priceless to the student who finds in a progressed b NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM and complicated civilization the obscuration of natural law by the artificial conditions erected on the rebellious logic of human society. The labors of Mrs Harriet Maxwell Converse in recording the legends and nature myths of the New York Iroquois are, for these and other reasons, most worthy of conservation. She was de- voted in her love for her adopted people; she shared their spirit and could record their folk tales with perfect sympathy. Mr Parker, who has edited the manuscripts of Mrs Converse and prepared the introductory portion of this work, has been prompted not only by fidelity to the memory of a friend but by the piety and inspiration of inheritance. John M. Clarke (Ho-san-na-ga-da) ; INTRODUCTION No people can long exist as an ethnic group without consciously, or otherwise, creating a philosophy of things which becomes the common belief of that body of people — becomes their science and religion. The more permanent the people, the more enduring and greater the influence of their system of belief. Viewed in the light of exact science, as we know it, these primitive philosophies become mythologies. A myth may appear to us puerile and with- out any basis in logic, it may appear as a worthless fancy or a child's tale and yet a deeper study of the myth reveals within it the beginning of physics, philosophy and theology. Unfamiliar with the real cause of the phenomenon of mind or matter, the primitive mind, being a reasoning mind seeking to satisfy its curiosity and allay its fears, hypothecates the causes of visible effects in the form of mjrths. The primitive mind, believing all things the result of some intelligence, personifies and deifies the causes of effects, and thus has arisen the multiplicity of gods and guardian spirits. Qnce_crystallized and diffused ,__myths become workingJactors of human action. They become the science and religion of the ethnic group which entertains them. They become 4hfi_basis^of reasojiing. A treatise on a cause, they become a cause. They become so ingrained in the minds of their believers that, when in other generations they are rivaled by more rational systems, they are not easily supplanted, for they bear the approval of the religious leaders and the wise men of the generations past. To the great body of people the old myth was a part of common religion the new myth which attempted to explain the thunder or the wind's fury was the science of the day and few would have aught to do with it, and here we have a glimpse of the conflict of religion and science. Religion was the conservative element and clung to the sacred beliefs of its fathers; science (so called), which brought the innovation, denied all precedents and struck out afresh to establish new ideas. Years passed by and the religions of the day accepted the new beliefs until the throes of their birth became forgotten in the haze of many years. Then again the critical minds of the time, comparing the experiences of the past and analyzing as best they could, sought to find new explanations that appealed more to their ideas of logic. Then old myths were scoffed at, a new system established, and again the confiict. Nor is it strange that men should be loath to deny that to which they have become » NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM accustomed; there is always a feeling of uncertainty about new systems and they are cautiously experimented with at first. \y^ In feviiwing~T^~myths-XLf_tlie-an-den-ts--or^Q men wemay sometimes wonder how any large body of rational men could hold as sacred truths such fictions ^ as we- may regard -unworthy of serious consideration. If such is the case it is because we have forgotten that the human mind has not always been of the same texture as it is today in the modern man of civilization. The minds of men, we should recall, through the varying grades of culture, from lower savagery to civilization, are characterized by wide differences. They are not uniformly sus- ceptible to the same stimuli, for each culture grade gives to the mind of the man which it characterizes a different viewpoint, different capacities and different associations. It is always well to keep in mind the fact that our present enlightened beliefs, our sciences and our civilization are the product of a long period of evolution under favorable circumstances, and that they are not things that men were always able to grasp.
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