The Temple Scroll

Lawrence H. Schiffman and Andrew D. Gross - 9789004459502 Downloaded from Brill.com09/29/2021 06:59:15AM via free access Dead Sea Scrolls Editions

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Martin Abegg Daniel Falk Alison Schofield

volume 1

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Lawrence H. Schiffman and Andrew D. Gross - 9789004459502 Downloaded from Brill.com09/29/2021 06:59:15AM via free access The Temple Scroll

11Q19, 11Q20, 11Q21, 4Q524, 5Q21 with 4Q365a and 4Q365 frag. 23

By Lawrence H. Schiffman Andrew D. Gross

leiden | boston

Lawrence H. Schiffman and Andrew D. Gross - 9789004459502 Downloaded from Brill.com09/29/2021 06:59:15AM via free access Cover illustration: cover art by Lika Tov

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Names: Schiffman, Lawrence H., author. | Gross, Andrew D., author. Title: The Temple scroll : 11Q19, 11Q20, 11Q21, 4Q524, 5Q21 with 4Q365a / Lawrence H. Schiffman, Andrew D. Gross. Description: Boston : Brill, 2021. | Series: Dead Sea scrolls editions, 2210-383X ; 1 | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: lccn 2021006718 (print) | lccn 2021006719 (ebook) | isbn 9789004437371 (hardback) | isbn 9789004459502 (ebook) Subjects: lcsh: Temple scroll. | Dead Sea scrolls. Classification: lcc bm488.t44 s353 2021 (print) | lcc bm488.t44 (ebook) | ddc 296.1/55–dc23 lc record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2021006718 lc ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2021006719

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Copyright 2021 by Lawrence H. Schiffman and Andrew D. Gross. Published by Koninklijke Brill nv, Leiden, The Netherlands. Koninklijke Brill nv incorporates the imprints Brill, Brill Nijhoff, Brill Hotei, Brill Schöningh, Brill Fink, Brill mentis, Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Böhlau Verlag and V&R Unipress. Koninklijke Brill nv reserves the right to protect this publication against unauthorized use. Requests for re-use and/or translations must be addressed to Koninklijke Brill nv via brill.com or copyright.com.

This book is printed on acid-free paper and produced in a sustainable manner.

Lawrence H. Schiffman and Andrew D. Gross - 9789004459502 Downloaded from Brill.com09/29/2021 06:59:15AM via free access To Baruch A. Levine with gratitude, respect, and friendship from two former students

∵

Lawrence H. Schiffman and Andrew D. Gross - 9789004459502 Downloaded from Brill.com09/29/2021 06:59:15AM via free access Lawrence H. Schiffman and Andrew D. Gross - 9789004459502 Downloaded from Brill.com09/29/2021 06:59:15AM via free access Contents

Preface ix Acknowledgements x List of Photographs and Figures xi Abbreviations and Sigla xii

Introduction 1

Texts, Translations, Critical Apparatus, Commentary Lawrence H. Schiffman and Andrew D. Gross with Abraham J. Berkovitz, Samuel Berkovitz, and Michael Rand

11Q19 (11QTemple Scrolla) 20

11Q20 (11QTemple Scrollb) 196

11Q21 (11QTemple Scrollc) 230

4Q365a (4QTemple Scrolla?) 234

4Q365 frag. 23 (4QReworked Pentateuchc) 240

4Q524 (4QTemple Scrollb) 242

5Q21 (5QTemple Scroll) 254

Catalogue of Photographs 256 Andrew D. Gross

Concordance 275 Martin G. Abegg, Jr. with Patrick Angiolillo, Christopher H. Johnson, and Alexandra Lupu

Bibliography: Research on the Temple Scroll 483 Marlene R. Schiffman with Samuel Berkovitz

Index of Sources 512 Marlene R. Schiffman

The research presented in this volume has a long and complex No edition can ever be the final word on a given text, and the history and is the result of fruitful cooperation and collabora- present edition aims to provide the foundation on which future tion between quite a number of people. The project to create research on the Temple Scroll can be built. As our commentary the text editions that are the centerpiece of this volume began in cannot hope to summarize all the important research done on 1997 when Lawrence H. Schiffman consulted with two of his then these manuscripts nor to deal with their attendant problems, graduate students, Andrew D. Gross and Michael Rand, about the we have included a comprehensive bibliography of published possibility of producing a new edition of the Temple Scroll. It research on the Temple Scroll from its initial discovery and publi- was intended that the edition would maximize restorations, make cation up to the present. This resource was compiled by Marlene use of all the manuscript evidence, and include a textual appara- Schiffman, who mined numerous sources, languages, and types tus comparing the text of the scroll to Dead Sea Scrolls biblical of literature. It is limited to materials that discuss the scroll in a manuscripts and the ancient versions where the Temple Scroll substantial manner and omits simple citations of the scroll in the text was based on biblical passages. The volume would include form of parallels or other such short mentions that do not include editions and critical apparatus for all of the manuscript evidence helpful information. We have also incorporated a catalog of avail- of the Temple Scroll as well as for the closely related 4Q365a, part able Temple Scroll photographs. As we attempted to locate and of a wider text entitled Rewritten Pentateuch. The apparatus also consult all relevant photographs of the scroll, we found it rather would take note of differing readings that had appeared in the challenging to keep track of them. For ease of reference, Gross excellent earlier editions of the scroll. This turned out to be a very compiled a catalog of these photographs, and it has been included extensive project done over several years, and after having made here to similarly aid the reader. Finally, we have also included a major contributions to the development of the textual edition key-word-in-context concordance that was prepared by Martin and apparatus, Rand moved on to take a position in Israel (and G. Abegg, Jr. later one in England). Another major turning point in the project We hope that this new edition of the Temple Scroll and the occurred in 2011 when the online photographic resources from associated research tools we have provided will stimulate a new the Israel Museum and the Israel Antiquities Authority became round of progress in the study of this important document. It is available. We also benefitted from the digital versions of the jws indeed a privilege to be the first volume in this new series that we series photographs that were graciously provided to us by West expect will contribute greatly to the ongoing study of the Dead Semitic Research. As we carefully consulted these photographs in Sea Scrolls. conjunction with the previously available images and included more recent scholarship, the project attained a kind of matu- rity. Elements of this project have appeared in other forms over the years. In 2011, a preliminary version of our 11Q19 edition was published in the series The Dead Sea Scrolls: Hebrew, Ara- maic, and Greek Texts with English Translations, edited by James H. Charlesworth. That volume included two versions of this edition, one that conformed to the series’ general format, which eschews textual reconstruction, and a “composite” edition that featured our maximal reconstructions based on manuscript evidence and other considerations. The volume also included some of our discussion on the relationship between the various Temple Scroll manuscripts and the difficulties involved in their reconstruction. These preliminary editions have since been heavily revised, having taken advantage of the abovementioned photographic resources that became available soon after the publication of the 2011 volume. An earlier version of the translation of 11Q19 appeared in the Jewish Publication Society’s 2013 publication Outside the Bible, and the translations in the present volume have been improved and revised to be brought into agree- ment with the revisions in our editions of the Hebrew text. For that same project, Schiffman had composed a short commentary designed to enable readers to understand the often-fragmentary text of the scroll. This initial commentary had been based on the research in his volume, Courtyards of the House of the Lord: Stud- ies in the Temple Scroll. This commentary was doubled in size and revised for purposes of this volume.

Lawrence H. Schiffman and Andrew D. Gross - 9789004459502 Downloaded from Brill.com09/29/2021 06:59:15AM via free access Acknowledgements

The nature of this work as a collaborative project meant that over Princeton Theological Seminary as well as our colleagues at those the years a number of people participated in various ways. We institutions supported us tremendously throughout years of work owe special thanks first to those collaborators whose work for our on this project. project is mentioned on the title page: to Michael Rand, now of We wish to thank our good friends at Brill Publishers whose Cambridge University, for his initial contribution and for allow- contribution to the study of the Dead Sea Scrolls has been a major ing us to make use of it in our full-fledged new edition; to Marlene factor in the development of this field as well as the editors of the R. Schiffman of Yeshiva University Library for preparing the Bib- Dead Sea Scrolls Editions series, in which we are honored to be liography; to Martin G. Abegg, Jr. of Trinity Western University the first volume, Martin G. Abegg, Jr. of Trinity Western Univer- for preparing the Concordance; to Leen Ritmyer for his beau- sity, Daniel Falk of Penn State University and Alison Schofield of tiful illustrations; to Abraham J. Berkovitz, now of the Hebrew the University of Denver for their help and support. We are espe- Union College-Jewish Institute of Religion, who assisted in the cially grateful to Marty Abegg, as he pored over every word of this preparation of early drafts of the translation and commentary; to manuscript and every page of this volume has been improved Samuel Berkovitz of Yeshiva University who assisted in preparing thanks to his indefatigable efforts. We also wish to express our the Bibliography; to Samuel Berkovitz and Christopher H. John- thanks to the staff of TAT Zetwerk, especially Ivo Geradts, Cas van son for assisting in the preparation of the Concordance; to Patrick den Hof, and Johannes Rustenburg, and for their skill in work- Angiolillo, Abraham J. Berkovitz, Samuel Berkovitz, Christopher ing with this complex material and for their patience with the H. Johnson, and Alexandra Lupu, for their amazing efforts at numerous corrections that had to be made. Our final thanks go checking over and over to see that the text edition, translation, to our families and the families of all of those who collaborated and commentary corresponded properly to one another. in this volume for their support without which our work could A very special thanks to James H. Charlesworth and his team never have proceeded. at Princeton Theological Seminary whose checking of our preliminary edition of 11Q19 improved it in many ways. Elisha Qim- Lawrence H. Schiffman and Andrew D. Gross ron of Ben Gurion University of the Negev was enthusiastic in encouraging our work and answered numerous questions from us regarding his own earlier editions of this scroll as well as the photographic materials. Eibert Tigchelaar of Katholieke Univer- siteit Leuven was very generous with his time and willing to discuss epigraphic readings at all hours of the day and night. Cana Werman of Ben-Gurion University of the Negev was exceedingly helpful in meeting with us several times in order to adapt her excellent restorations of parts of the scroll for our work. Mari- lyn Lundberg and Bruce Zuckerman of West Semitic Research generously provided us with digital copies of their photographs of 11Q19. Adolpho Roitman, Irene Levitt, and Amalya Keshet of the Israel Museum were most helpful in providing us with information about and access to the photographic materials held by the Shrine of the Book of the Israel Museum. Pnina Shor and Orit Kuslanski of the Israel Antiquities Authority (iaa) were helpful in providing us with timely access to the best photographs of the materials in their collection. Oren Abelman, also of the iaa, kindly shared with us the results of his research. Stephen A. Reed of the University of Jamestown was also helpful in answering our queries regarding his work on the photographs of the Dead Sea Scrolls. The project that we have been working on would not have been possible without support from our universities. It began at New York University and received support from the very beginning from the Research Funds provided by the Faculty of Arts and Sci- ence. Further funding for research assistance and preparation of illustrations came from the Dead Sea Scrolls Foundation as part of a contribution by the Bechtel family in memory of Elizabeth Bechtel, for which special thanks are due to its Executive Director, Dr. Weston Fields. The libraries and facilities of New York Univer- sity, the Catholic University of America, Yeshiva University, and

Lawrence H. Schiffman and Andrew D. Gross - 9789004459502 Downloaded from Brill.com09/29/2021 06:59:15AM via free access Photographs and Figures

Photographs

1 11Q19 col. 35 12 2 11Q19 col. 8: closeup of 11Q19 col. 9 verso, in mirror image 13 3 11Q19 col. 9: closeup of 11Q19 col. 10 recto 13 4 11Q19 col. 9: closeup of 11Q19 col. 10 verso, in mirror image 13 5 11Q19 col. 10: closeup of 11Q19 col. 10 recto 13

Figures

1 Temple building 25 2 Inner court 28 3 Stoa west of the temple building 29 4 Menorah 35 5 Altar of burnt offerings 39 6 Temple and its courts 53 7 Stairhouse 89 8 House of the laver 91 9 House for altar utensils 95 10 Slaughterhouse 97 11 Stoa of columns 99 12 A gate of the outer court 111 13 Structures of the outer court 119

Lawrence H. Schiffman and Andrew D. Gross - 9789004459502 Downloaded from Brill.com09/29/2021 06:59:15AM via free access Abbreviations and Sigla

1 Sigla Used in the Transcription and Apparatus F front M mirror image [ ] lacuna R infrared reconstructed letter [א] probable letter: ink traces could belong to one of two letters ̇א possible letter: ink traces could belong to one of three or 4 Bibliography for Apparatus and Commentary ֯א more possible letters .unreadable letter: letter fragment cannot be determined by Abegg, M ֯ form or context 1994 4Q471: A Case of Mistaken Identity. Pages 136–147 in Pur- an ancient copyist/editor’s correction to the text suing the Text: Studies in Honor of Ben Zion Wacholder on ⟨א⟩ erased letters the Occasion of His Seventieth Birthday. Edited by J.C. Reeves {א} uncertain placement of inscribed fragment and J. Kampen. jsot 184. Sheffield: Sheffield Academic |א| ( ) Parentheses in the translation: word(s) added for the sake of Press. clarity (?) doubtful reconstruction Baumgarten, J.M. > word(s) lacking 1977 The Duodecimal Courts of Qumran, the Apocalypse and the • separates distinct parts of a single comment Sanhedrin. Pages 145–171 in idem, Studies in Qumran Law. ‖ separates between attested variants sjla 24. Leiden: E.J. Brill. 1996 Qumran Cave 4.xiii: The Damascus Document (4Q266–273). djd 18. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 2 Abbreviations for Apparatus and Commentary Berkovitz, A.J. Crawford Crawford 1994 2012 Some Temple Scroll Restorations. RevQ 25: 445–450. dssse García Martínez and Tigchelaar 1997–1998 gm-t García Martínez, Tigchelaar, and van der Woude 1998 Brin, G. hdss Qimron 1986 1994 Studies in Biblical Law: From the Hebrew Bible to the Dead Sea lxx The Septuagint Scrolls. jsot 76. Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press. ptsdds 7 Charlesworth 2011 Qimron1 Qimron 1996 Charlesworth, J.H. Qimron2 Qimron 2010 2003 The Temple Scrolla [11Q19, 11QTa], Columns 16 and 17: More Qimron3 Qimron 2020 Consonants Revealed. Pages 71–83 in Emanuel: Studies in Syr. Syriac Hebrew Bible, Septuagint and Dead Sea Scrolls in Honour of Tg. Targum Emanuel Tov. Edited by S.M. Paul et al. VTSup 94. Leiden: Yadin Yadin 1983 Brill. For bibliographic abbreviations, see the sbl Handbook of Style; for other 2011 Temple Scroll and Related Documents. Vol. 7 of The Dead abbreviations related to textual witnesses, see bhs. Sea Scrolls: Hebrew, Aramaic, and Greek Texts with English Translations. Edited by James H. Charlesworth et al. The Princeton Theological Seminary Dead Sea Scrolls Project. 3 Abbreviations of Photographic Collections Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck; Louisville: Westminster John Knox Press. imj The Israel Museum in Jerusalem’s online photograph (produced by Ardon Bar-Hama); available at http://dss.collectio Cotton, H.M. et al. ns.imj.org.il/temple 2010 Corpus Inscriptionum Iudaeae/Palaestinae, Vol. 1: Jerusalem, jws Jerusalem / West Semitic (Research) Part 1: 1–704. Berlin; New York: De Gruyter. Plate Photographs published in Volume 3, Part 1 “Text and Plates” of Yadin 1983 Crawford, S. White Plate* Photographs published in Volume 3, Part 2 “Supplementary 1994 4QTemple? Pages 319–334, pls. xxxiii–xxxiv in Qumran Cave Plates” of Yadin 1983 4, vii: Parabiblical Texts, Part 1. Edited by H. Attridge and pam Palestine Archaeological Museum T. Elgvin. djd 13. Oxford: Clarendon Press. shr Shrine of the Book Elledge, C.D. 3.1 Abbreviations used in the shr series 2004 The Statutes of the King: The Temple Scroll’s Legislation on A early reconstructions Kingship (11Q19 lvi 12–lix 21). Cahiers de la Revue Biblique D Domino 56. Paris: J. Gabalda.

Lawrence H. Schiffman and Andrew D. Gross - 9789004459502 Downloaded from Brill.com09/29/2021 06:59:15AM via free access abbreviations and sigla xiii

García Martínez, F. Noam, V. -Megillat Taʿanit: Ver] תינעתתליגמ : םיחסונה , םרשפ , םהיתודלות Multiple Literary Editions of the Temple Scroll? Pages 364– 2003 2000 371 in The Dead Sea Scrolls Fifty Years after Their Dis- sions, Interpretation, History]. Between Bible and Mishnah. covery: Proceedings of the Jerusalem Congress, July 20–25, Jerusalem: Yad Ben-Zvi Press. 1997. Edited by L.H. Schiffman, E. Tov and J.C. VanderKam. Jerusalem: Israel Exploration Society in cooperation with Patrich, J. the Shrine of the Book, Israel Museum. 2009 The Pre-Heroidan Temple: Reassessing the House of the Laver and the House of Utensils in the Temple Scroll. rb 116: García Martínez, F. and E.J.C. Tigchelaar 505–526. 1997–1998 The Dead Sea Scrolls Study Edition. 2 vols. Leiden: E.J. Brill. Puech, É. García Martínez, F., E.J.C. Tigchelaar, and A.S. van der Woude 1997 Fragments du plus ancien exemplaire du Rouleau du Tem- 1998 Qumran Cave 11.ii: 11Q2–18, 11Q20–31. djd 23. Oxford: Claren- ple (4Q524). Pages 19–64 in Legal Texts and Legal Issues: don Press. Proceedings of the Second Meeting of the International Orga- nization for Qumran Studies, Cambridge, 1995: Published in Greenfield, J.C., M.E. Stone, and E. Eshel Honour of Joseph M. Baumgarten. Edited by M.J. Bern- 2004 The Aramaic Levi Document: Edition, Translation, Commen- stein, F. García Martínez and J. Kampen. stdj 23. Leiden: tary. svtp 19. Leiden: Brill. Brill. 1998 4QRouleau du Temple. Pages 85–114, pls. vii–viii in Qumrân Hurvitz, A. grotte 4, xviii: Textes hébreux (4Q521–4Q528, 4Q576–4Q579). 2014 A Concise Lexicon of Late Biblical Hebrew: Linguistic Innova- Edited by É. Puech. djd 25. Oxford: Clarendon Press. tions in the Writings of the Second Temple Period. VTSup 160. Leiden: Brill. Qimron, E. 1978a New Readings in the Temple Scroll. iej 28: 161–172. .[The Text of the Temple Scroll] שדקמהתליגמלשהחסונל Jastrow, M. 1978b 1903 A Dictionary of the Targumim, the Talmud Babli and Yeru- Leshonenu 42: 136–145. Three Notes on the Text] שדקמהתליגמלשחסונלתורעהשולש shalmi, and the Midrashic Literature. 2 vols. London: Luzac; 1981 New York: G.P. Putnam. of the Temple Scroll]. Tarbiz 51: 135–137, ix. .Tarbiz 52: 133 .[ הננוכ The Word] הננוכ = חבזמהילכמילכ 1982 Textual Notes on the Temple] שדקמהתליגמלשחסונלתורעה Lemaire, A. 1984 1996 Nouveaux fragments du Rouleau du Temple de Qumrân. Scroll]. Tarbiz 53: 139–141, vi. RevQ 17: 271–274. 1986 The Hebrew of the Dead Sea Scrolls. hss 29. Atlanta: Scholars Press. Levinson, B.M. 1987 Further New Readings in the Temple Scroll. iej 37: 31–35. The] שדקמהתליגמבבלכהולוגנרתה —11QTc ( ׳מע Refining the Reconstruction of Col. 2 of the Temple Scroll 1995 (xlviii 2016 (11QTa): The Turn to Digital Mapping and Historical Syntax. Chicken and the Dog in the Temple Scroll (11QTc)]. Tarbiz dsd 23: 1–26. 64: 473–476. 1996 The Temple Scroll: A Critical Edition with Extensive Recon- Maier, J. structions. Beersheva and Jerusalem: Ben-Gurion University 1985 The Temple Scroll: An Introduction, Translation & Commen- of the Negev and Israel Exploration Society. -Improving the Edi] הדוהירבדמתוליגמלשתורודהמהתנקתל tary. JSOTSup 34. Translated by R.T. White. Sheffield: jsot 2005 Press. tions of the Dead Sea Scrolls]. Meghillot 3: 239–244. תוליגמ Pages 91–106 in . ןארמוקתוליגמבהרדההוחונעיפתויעב 2009 .Edited by M. Kister . ןארמוק : םירקחמותואובמ ( ןושארךרכ ) .Milgrom, J 1978 Studies in the Temple Scroll. jbl 97: 501–523. Between Bible and Mishnah. Jerusalem: Yad Ben-Zvi Press. הדוהירבדמתוליגמ : םירוביחה Pages 137–207 in . שדקמהתליגמ Further Studies in the Temple Scroll. jqr 71: 1–17; 89– 2010 1980 :Between Bible and Mishnah. Jerusalem . םיירבעה . ןושארךרכ .106 Yad Ben-Zvi Press. Mink, H.A. 2018 A Grammar of the Hebrew of the Dead Sea Scrolls. Between 1983 Die Kol. iii der Tempelrolle: Versuch einer Rekonstruktion. Bible and Mishnah. Jerusalem: Yad Yizhak Ben-Zvi. ןארמוקמםיירבעהםירוביחה : Pages 1.137–207 in . שדקמהתליגמ RevQ 11: 163–181. 2020 .Tel-Aviv . תבלושמהרודהמ Netzer, E. 1991 Masada iii: The Yigal Yadin Excavations 1963–1965, Final Qimron, E. and J. Strugnell Reports. Jerusalem: Israel Exploration Society. 1994 Qumran Cave 4.v: Miqṣat Maʿaśe ha-Torah. djd 10. Oxford: Clarendon Press.

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Reymond, E.D. VanderKam, J.C. 2014 Qumran Hebrew: An Overview of Orthography, Phonology, 2018 Jubilees 1–2: A Commentary on the Book of Jubilees. Edited by and Morphology. rbs 76. Atlanta: Society of Biblical Liter- S. White Crawford. 2 vols. Hermeneia. Minneapolis: Fortress ature. Press.

Riska, M. Wacholder, B.Z. 2001 The Temple Scroll and the Biblical Text Traditions: A Study 1991 The Fragmentary Remains of 11QTorah (Temple Scroll), 11Q of Columns 2–13:9. Suomen Eksegeettisen Seuran julkaisuja Torahb and 11Q Torahc plus 4QparaTorah Integrated with [Publications of the Finnish Exegetical Society] 81. Winona 11QTorah. huca 62: 1–116. Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns. Werman, C. -Appointed Times of Atone] שדקמהתליגמבהרפכהידעומלע Schiffman, L.H. 2006 2008a The Courtyardsof the House of the Lord:Studies on theTemple ment in the Temple Scroll]. Meghillot 4: 89–119. The First Fruit Festivals] שדקמהתליגמבםירוכיבהידעומ Scroll. stdj 75. Leiden: Brill. 2009 חנעפתנפצ 2008b The Unfinished Scroll: A Reconsideration of the End of the according to the Temple Scroll]. Pages 177–198 in Temple Scroll. dsd 15: 67–78. [Zaphenath-Paneah: Linguistic Studies Presented to Elisha 2018 The Mikhbar in the Temple Scroll. Pages 257–264 in Hā-ʾîsh Qimron on the Occasion of His Sixty-Fifth Birthday]. Edited Mōshe: Studies in Scriptural Interpretation in the Dead Sea by D. Sivan, D. Talshir and C. Cohen. Beer-Sheva: Beer-Sheva Scrolls and Related Literature in Honor of Moshe J. Bernstein. University Press. ,Pages 274–421 in C. Werman and A. Shemesh . הנשהידעומ Edited by B. Goldstein, M. Segal, and G.J. Brooke. stdj 122. 2011 Revealing the] תורתסנתולגל : ןארמוקתוליגמבהכלהותונשרפ .Leiden: Brill Hidden: Exegeses and Halakha in the Qumran Scrolls]. Stern, E. Jerusalem: Mosad Bialik. -The Book of Jubilees: Intro] םילבויהרפס : אובמ , שוריפוםוגרת Dor. Pages 1:357–368 in E. Stern et al. (eds.), The New Ency- 2015 1993 clopedia of Archaeological Excavations in the Holy Land. duction, Translation, and Interpretation]. Between Bible Jerusalem: Israel Exploration Society & Carta; New York: and Mishnah. Jerusalem: Yad Ben-Zvi Press. Simon & Schuster. Wise, M.O. Steudel, A. 1988 A New Manuscript Join in the ‘Festival of Wood Offering’ 1999 There Are No Further Columns in the Temple Scroll. RevQ 19: (Temple Scroll xxiii). jnes 47: 113–121. 131–136. 1990 A Critical Study of the Temple Scroll from Qumran Cave 11. saoc 49. Chicago: Oriental Institute of the University of Stone, M.E. and J.C. Greenfield Chicago. 1996 Aramaic Levi Document. Pages 1–72 in G.J. Brooke et al., in consultation with J. VanderKam, Qumran Cave 4.xvii: Para- Yadin, Y. biblical Texts, Part 3. djd 22. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 1983 The Temple Scroll. 3 vols. and suppl. Rev. ed. Jerusalem: The Israel Exploration Society. Talmon, S. with the assistance of J. Ben-Dov 2001 Calendrical Documents and Mishmarot. Pages 1–166 in Yuditsky, A. 5Q21 [5Q21: Yet Another Copy of שדקמהתליגמלשףסונקתוע S. Talmon, J. Ben-Dov, and U. Glessmer, Qumran Cave 4.xvi: 2016 Calendrical Texts. djd 21. Oxford: Clarendon Press. the ‘Temple Scroll’]. Leshonenu 78:494–499.

Tigchelaar, E.J.C. 2017 A Provisional List of Unprovenanced, Twenty-First Century, Dead Sea Scrolls-like Fragments. dsd 24: 173–188. 2019 Revisiting the Manuscripts and Fragments from Qumran Cave 11Q. Pages 249–261 in M. Fidanzio and J.-B. Hum- bert (eds.), Khirbet Qumrân et Aïn Feshkha. iv A: The Caves. Cave 11Q: Archeology and New Scroll Fragments. ntoa 8a. Freiburg: Freiburg Universitätsverlag.

Tov, E. 2004 Scribal Practices and Approaches Reflected in the Texts Found in the Judean Desert. stdj 54. Brill.

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