2Ai3p Sr •• UNATI on 22 5L7 RC-'14

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

2Ai3p Sr •• UNATI on 22 5L7 RC-'14 D019 0 LA 9 12'2 CST lJ..T C t RY G AL U I TEn ' TI S YK OR A ~I TIO OF STUDENTS IN T I ATES or I A LS T YO()R I ZA TIO TO C IDER T OLUTI O Y R I AS THE LECITI PR S t TIVE OF T A AB E P (J'l NICO FIRZL PRE I DE T OR I Tl N or D STUD TS I THE U TED STA S OF A ICA 2875 BROA Y ROO ' YOR 2 5 Y K. 2Ai3P sr •• UNATI ON 22 5l7 RC-'14 TFZ I50 t 97 F AGHDAD 126 11 1-30 RCA IR Q GO~ ETAT UN TI OOS NE OR NI NETEEN OFFICE ~ ECGE fOLL G FOR YOUR INFOR TI AND TRANS. MITTAL TO SPECt. LI~ ED AGE CtE - AAA ALL UN P£ SONNEL IN AGHDAD SA FI TH E ARE NO rtJlYTWO NTER ATI ALLY RECRUITED PER NIL IN I R Q AND SI~TYF OUR DEP D S CCC A·T P SENT AIRPORT OP FOR COM ERCIAL. FLIGHTS ET WE- SIX HOtJ ND. SEVENTEEN HOURS LOCAL TI ME Y4UT. 0 INFO f1 TI 00 A AI LA LE ON EN NORMAL FLIGHTS ILL E ESUMED DDD WOULD RECOMM D THAT FOR TI ME El G THE RI L or DEPENDENTS E DELAYED UNTIL FURTH NOTICE EEE PROJECT PERS NEL M Y PROCEED ALONE FFF l1ISITING OFFICI Ls MAY PROCEED IF LLING ACCEPT SOME P AL DI SC FORT P A OULD APPRECIATE YOU C ENT IT ANY ITH RE Tt ON A D FIELD M NUAL T /3 ECTI SI HA, AD£ A NGEM S TOR TH IMPLEMENTATION or CERT I SEC tTY M SU ES IF E ESS RY GL D C F I GO~T ETAT ATI ONS ENGLUND c: PERMANENT MISSION REPUIBLIC OF TO THE UNITED NATIONS IRAQ 14 EAST 79TH STREET, NEW YORK TEL. REGENT 7 -4435 COMMUNIQUE NO. l OF THE NATIONAL COUNCIL ®F THE REVOLUTIONARY COMMAND With the help of God~ we have destroyed the rule of Abdul Karim Kassim the enemy of the people and his corrupt coter·ie which exploited the country's resources to satisfy its desires and serve its interests. Public freedoms were violated, the dignity of the people was trampled, laws were suspended, the tr•ust betrayed and the citizens persecuted. The revolution of the 14th July aimed at liberating our country from the col~nial status,represented by the monarchy and feudalism,and establishing a democratic system under which the people might live in dignity and freedom but the enemy of God and the people, ~he treacherous criminal exploited his position and used all criminal methods to establish his black despotism which impoverished the country, impaired the national unity and isolated Iraq from the free Arab world and frustrated our people's national aspirations. Our concern for the safety of our nation and the unity and future of our people, and our faith in the great July Revolution imposed on us the responsibility of des­ troying the corrupt faction which in:f:tltrated the revoJ.utio of the pe,,ple and the army, and arrested its progress and delayed its march. Our revolution succeeded hy the support Gf all the armed forces and the masses of the people. This revolution of the people and the army, which aims at continuing the victorious march of the glorious July revolution, will seek to achieve two main purposes: First, to realize national unity; and second, to se•!u~e the participation of the masses in guiding and adm:tr:.i..ster1n.. the Government. It is necessary for the real:t~~ ati on ~)f these two aims to ensure all freedoms and to strengthen the principle of the rule of law. .,. The National Council of the Revolutionary Command, which firmly believes in these aims and will work for their achievement, is confident that the national spirit of the people and their revolutionary determination and deep devotion will ensure that the citizens, on this blessed day, will rise above hatred and animosities and will cooperate to consolidate their national unity and intensify their support for the aims of the glorious July revolution and will allow no agent or corruptor or mercenary to sow the seeds of division. The N2tional Council of the Revolutionary Command works for the establishment of a national govern­ ment comprised of sincere and loyal citizens. The policy of the Revolutionary Government will follow the aims of the glorious July revolution. Thus the Government will ensure all democratic freedoms, and strengthen the principle of the rule of law and realize the national unity of the peo;) le through strengthening Arc:.b-Kurdish brotherhood on the basis of guaranteeing their national interests and intensifying its joint struggle against imperialism. The Revolutionary Government will also ensure the respect of the rights of minorities and enable them to participate in the national life of the country. Furthermore, the Revolutionary Government will abide by the United Nations' Charter and respect international agreements and conventions, and will participate in the strengthening of world peace, and support the struggle against colonialism. The Revolutionary Government will follow the policy of non-alignment and abide by the decisions of the Bandung Conference. It will encourage and support national movements fighting against colonialism. The Revolutionary Command vows to work for the fulfilment of Arab unity and to unify the Arab struggle against colonialism and colonial conditions still prevailing in parts of the fatherland. It will also work for the restoration of occupied Palestine. It will safeguard the progressive gains of the masses, p2rticul2rl.y the Agrarian Reform Law by improving the methods of its implementation for the interest of the people. The nationa l economy will be consolidated through the industrialization of the country, and the promotion of its material and cultural capabilities. Also, it will ensure the flow of petroleum to the out­ side world. We pledge before God that we shall be faithful to our Republic, loyal to its principles and will spare no sacrifice for its sake. We are confident that our 3. great people will represent a solidly unified front to safeguard those principles and march forward along the path of progress, advancement and success. The National Council of the Revolutionary Command, having been established, is now entrusted with exercising the supreme authority in the Republic of Iraq including the legislative authority and the functions of the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces and the election of the President of the Republic and the formation of the Government. In view of this, the National Council of the Revolutionary Co~~and decided to relieve the President and members of the Council of s~vereignty of their posts and to abolish the Council of Sovereignty and the post of Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces. The National Council of the Revolutionary Command has elected Abdul Salam Mohammed Aref President of the Republic for the duration of the transitional period. The National Council decided that the Government be formed as follows: Prime Minister Brigadier Ahmed Hassan Bakr DeEuty Prime Minister Mr. All Sallh Saadl & Minister of the Interior Minister for Foreign Affairs Mr. Tallb Hussein Shablb Minister of Defence Lt. Col. Salih Mahdi Arnmash Minister of Communications Lt. Col. Abdul Sattar Abdul Latif Minister for Health Dr. Izzat Mustafa Minister for Justice Mr. Mahdl Aldawlaii Minister for Municipalities Brigadier Mahmood Shit Khattab Minister for Agriculture Mr. Baba Ali Minister for 011 Dr. Abdul Aziz Alwatarl Minister for Education Dr. Ahmed Abdul Sattar Aljawari Minister for Finance Mr. Salih Kubba Minister for Housing Mr. Abdul Sattar Ali Alhussain • 4. Minister ror Trade Mr. Shukri Salih Zaki Minister for Agrarian Dr. Sadoun Hummadi Herorm Minister for Social Affairs Mr. Hamid Khilkhal Minister for Guidance Dr. Musari Alrawi Minister for Plannin!:i Dr. Abdul Karim Alali Minister for Industr~: Br::.6adier Neji Talib Minister of State Brigadier Fouad Arif Minister of State Mr. Hazirn Jawad The Government of the Revolution has full control over all parts of the Republic. Peace and stability reign over the country and the situation has gone back to normal. ***************** PERMANENT MISSION REPUBLIC OF TO THE UNITED NATIONS IRAQ 14 EAST 79TH STREET. NEW YORK TEL. REGENT 7-4435 The Foreign Minister of Iraq made a statement setting forth the prin~iples on w~ich the foreign policy of the Republic of Iraq will be based. He stated the following: The Revolution of the 14th of Ramadhan (8th February) came to reaffi rm the fu~dam~ :-1tal principles of the Revo :. uti on of ;fuly 111 th and ful.f:L.J.l its alms within a democratic framework which J erives its strength from the unity of the ;;eo) le and their common endeavours. The foreign policy of Iraq is based on the observance of inte~national covenallts and conventions and adherence to the United Nations; Charter. Iraq will endeavour to co ~tribute to the struggle against ~olo~.j_al~ . s:n anO. to encou.:·age and sup~ort natio~al liberation movements) and taka ~art in strengthening world peace in all fields. Iraq will pursue a policy of non-alignment, in the usefulness and efficacy of which it firmly believes. Iraq will abide by the decisions of the Bandung Conference in order to promote Afro-Asian solidarity. In trab affairs, the basis of I~aq's 90licy is to strengthen Arab solidarity and coopera t i~n and work towards the fulfillment of Arab un i~ y and t~ unify the Arab struggle against colonialism j_n the .hrt:l.l homeland irrespective of its type or colon:::'; and 1•he r.ner it is traditional colonialism or the new coloni e ~~ s m.
Recommended publications
  • Examples of Iraq and Syria
    BearWorks MSU Graduate Theses Fall 2017 The Unraveling of the Nation-State in the Middle East: Examples of Iraq and Syria Zachary Kielp Missouri State University, [email protected] As with any intellectual project, the content and views expressed in this thesis may be considered objectionable by some readers. However, this student-scholar’s work has been judged to have academic value by the student’s thesis committee members trained in the discipline. The content and views expressed in this thesis are those of the student-scholar and are not endorsed by Missouri State University, its Graduate College, or its employees. Follow this and additional works at: https://bearworks.missouristate.edu/theses Part of the International Relations Commons, and the Near and Middle Eastern Studies Commons Recommended Citation Kielp, Zachary, "The Unraveling of the Nation-State in the Middle East: Examples of Iraq and Syria" (2017). MSU Graduate Theses. 3225. https://bearworks.missouristate.edu/theses/3225 This article or document was made available through BearWorks, the institutional repository of Missouri State University. The work contained in it may be protected by copyright and require permission of the copyright holder for reuse or redistribution. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE UNRAVELING OF THE NATION-STATE IN THE MIDDLE EAST: EXAMPLES OF IRAQ AND SYRIA A Masters Thesis Presented to The Graduate College of Missouri State University TEMPLATE In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science, Defense and Strategic Studies By Zachary Kielp December 2017 Copyright 2017 by Zachary Kielp ii THE UNRAVELING OF THE NATION-STATE IN THE MIDDLE EAST: EXAMPLES OF IRAQ AND SYRIA Defense and Strategic Studies Missouri State University, December 2017 Master of Science Zachary Kielp ABSTRACT After the carnage of World War One and the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire a new form of political organization was brought to the Middle East, the Nation-State.
    [Show full text]
  • The Clarion of Syria
    AL-BUSTANI, HANSSEN,AL-BUSTANI, SAFIEDDINE | THE CLARION OF SYRIA The Clarion of Syria A PATRIOT’S CALL AGAINST THE CIVIL WAR OF 1860 BUTRUS AL-BUSTANI INTRODUCED AND TRANSLATED BY JENS HANSSEN AND HICHAM SAFIEDDINE FOREWORD BY USSAMA MAKDISI The publisher and the University of California Press Foundation gratefully acknowledge the generous support of the Simpson Imprint in Humanities. The Clarion of Syria Luminos is the Open Access monograph publishing program from UC Press. Luminos provides a framework for preserving and rein- vigorating monograph publishing for the future and increases the reach and visibility of important scholarly work. Titles published in the UC Press Luminos model are published with the same high standards for selection, peer review, production, and marketing as those in our traditional program. www.luminosoa.org The Clarion of Syria A Patriot’s Call against the Civil War of 1860 Butrus al-Bustani Introduced and Translated by Jens Hanssen and Hicham Safieddine Foreword by Ussama Makdisi university of california press University of California Press, one of the most distinguished university presses in the United States, enriches lives around the world by advancing scholarship in the humanities, social sciences, and natural sciences. Its activities are supported by the UC Press Foundation and by philanthropic contributions from individuals and institutions. For more information, visit www.ucpress.edu. University of California Press Oakland, California © 2019 by Jens Hanssen and Hicham Safieddine This work is licensed under a Creative Commons CC-BY-NC license. To view a copy of the license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Hanssen, Jens, author & translator.
    [Show full text]
  • Former Ottomans in the Ranks: Pro-Entente Military Recruitment Among Syrians in the Americas, 1916–18*
    Journal of Global History (2016), 11,pp.88–112 © Cambridge University Press 2016 doi:10.1017/S1740022815000364 Former Ottomans in the ranks: pro-Entente military recruitment among Syrians in the Americas, 1916–18* Stacy D. Fahrenthold Center for Middle Eastern Studies, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA E-mail: [email protected] Abstract For half a million ‘Syrian’ Ottoman subjects living outside the empire, the First World War initiated a massive political rift with Istanbul. Beginning in 1916, Syrian and Lebanese emigrants from both North and South America sought to enlist, recruit, and conscript immigrant men into the militaries of the Entente. Employing press items, correspondence, and memoirs written by émigré recruiters during the war, this article reconstructs the transnational networks that facilitated the voluntary enlistment of an estimated 10,000 Syrian emigrants into the armies of the Entente, particularly the United States Army after 1917. As Ottoman nationals, many Syrian recruits used this as a practical means of obtaining American citizen- ship and shedding their legal ties to Istanbul. Émigré recruiters folded their military service into broader goals for ‘Syrian’ and ‘Lebanese’ national liberation under the auspices of American political support. Keywords First World War, Lebanon, mobilization, Syria, transnationalism Is it often said that the First World War was a time of unprecedented military mobilization. Between 1914 and 1918, empires around the world imposed powers of conscription on their
    [Show full text]
  • The Rise of Arabism in Syria Author(S): C
    The Rise of Arabism in Syria Author(s): C. Ernest Dawn Source: Middle East Journal, Vol. 16, No. 2 (Spring, 1962), pp. 145-168 Published by: Middle East Institute Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/4323468 Accessed: 27/08/2009 15:10 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use, available at http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp. JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use provides, in part, that unless you have obtained prior permission, you may not download an entire issue of a journal or multiple copies of articles, and you may use content in the JSTOR archive only for your personal, non-commercial use. Please contact the publisher regarding any further use of this work. Publisher contact information may be obtained at http://www.jstor.org/action/showPublisher?publisherCode=mei. Each copy of any part of a JSTOR transmission must contain the same copyright notice that appears on the screen or printed page of such transmission. JSTOR is a not-for-profit organization founded in 1995 to build trusted digital archives for scholarship. We work with the scholarly community to preserve their work and the materials they rely upon, and to build a common research platform that promotes the discovery and use of these resources. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Middle East Institute is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Middle East Journal. http://www.jstor.org THE RISE OF ARABISMIN SYRIA C. Ernest Dawn JN the earlyyears of the twentiethcentury, two ideologiescompeted for the loyalties of the Arab inhabitantsof the Ottomanterritories which lay to the east of Suez.
    [Show full text]
  • Toward a Conceptual History of Nafir Suriyya Jens Hanssen
    Chapter 4 Toward a Conceptual History of Nafir Suriyya jens hanssen Both words of the title of al-Bustani’s pamphlets require inves- tigation, as well as his definition of them as wataniyyat: What did he mean by nafir and what would have been its connotations? And what did Suriyya mean to al-Bustani and his generation? Was it a description of a real territory or a potentiality? al-Nafir and Suriyya are terms that go back to antiquity, but neither had much traction outside liturgical literature until contact with Protestant missionaries gave them new political valence. al-Nafīr means “clarion” or “trumpet,” which was perhaps so self-evident that al-Bustani did not explain the term in his pamphlets.1 But in Muhit al-Muhit, he dedicated almost an entire page to the different declinations and meanings of the rootn-f-r (from the “bolting of a mare,” to “raising of troops,” “the fugi- tive,” “estrangement,” and “mutual aversion”), before defin- ing al-nafir itself: “someone enlisted in a group or cause,” and “al-nafir al-ʿam means mass mobilization to combat the enemy.” The Protestant convert al-Bustani also lists yawm al-nafir (Judgment Day)2 and informs the reader that al-nafir is also a trumpet or fanfare (al-buq)3 containing associations with Israfil, 45 46 / Chapter 4 the archangel of death alluded to in the Bible and the Quran.4 Then he mentions Nafir Suriyya itself as a set of “meditations on the events of 1860 published in eleven issues that we called wataniyyat.” Like many historians before us, we translate the term as “ clarion” in order to capture both the apocalyptic mood of the text and the author’s passionate call for social concord and overcoming adversity.5 At first sight, the term Suriyya is less complex.
    [Show full text]
  • Anglo-French Relations in Syria: from Entente Cordiale to Sykes-Picot a Thesis Presented to the Faculty of the College of Arts A
    Anglo-French Relations in Syria: From Entente Cordiale to Sykes-Picot A thesis presented to the faculty of the College of Arts and Sciences of Ohio University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Arts James L. Bowman May 2020 © 2020 James L. Bowman. All Rights Reserved. 2 This thesis titled Anglo-French Relations in Syria: From Entente Cordiale to Sykes-Picot by JAMES L. BOWMAN has been approved for the Department of History and the College of Arts and Sciences by Peter John Brobst Associate Professor of History Florenz Plassmann Dean, College of Arts and Sciences 3 Abstract BOWMAN, JAMES L., M.A., May 2020, History Anglo-French Relations in Syria: From Entente Cordiale to Sykes-Picot Director of Thesis: Peter John Brobst Though the Entente Cordiale of 8 April, 1904 addressed several outstanding imperial tensions between the British Empire and the French Third Republic, other imperial disputes remained unresolved in the lead-up to World War I. This thesis explores Anglo-French tensions in Ottoman Syria, from the signing of the Entente to the secret Sykes-Picot Agreement in 1916. Syria proved to be a cause of frictions that brought many buried Anglo-French resentments back to the surface and created new ones. Cultural, strategic, and economic interests were at stake, interests which weighed heavily upon the Entente powers and which could not easily be forgone for the sake of ‘cordiality’. This thesis presents evidence that unresolved Anglo-French tensions in Syria raised serious concerns among officials of both empires as to the larger future of their Entente, and that even after the Entente joined in war against their common enemies, such doubts persisted.
    [Show full text]
  • British Reports on Ottoman Syria in 1821-1823
    University of North Florida UNF Digital Commons History Faculty Publications Department of History 2-16-2019 Rebellion, Unrest, Calamity: British Reports on Ottoman Syria in 1821-1823 Theophilus C. Prousis University of North Florida, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unf.edu/ahis_facpub Part of the History Commons Recommended Citation Prousis, Theophilus C., "Rebellion, Unrest, Calamity: British Reports on Ottoman Syria in 1821-1823" (2019). History Faculty Publications. 29. https://digitalcommons.unf.edu/ahis_facpub/29 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Department of History at UNF Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in History Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of UNF Digital Commons. For more information, please contact Digital Projects. © 2-16-2019 All Rights Reserved Chronos- Revue d’Histoire de l’Université de Balamand, is a bi-annual Journal published in three languages (Arabic, English and French). It deals particularly with the History of the ethnic and religious groups of the Arab world. Journal Name: Chronos ISSN: 1608-7526 Title: Rebellion, Unrest, Calamity: British Reports on Ottoman Syria in 1821-1823 Author(s): Theophilus C Prousis To cite this document: Prousis, T. (2019). Rebellion, Unrest, Calamity: British Reports on Ottoman Syria in 1821-1823. Chronos, 29, 185-210. https://doi.org/10.31377/chr.v29i0.357 Permanent link to this document: DOI: https://doi.org/10.31377/chr.v29i0.357 Chronos uses the Creative Commons license CC BY-NC-SA that lets you remix, transform, and build upon the material for non-commercial purposes.
    [Show full text]
  • A Brief History of Arab – Americans' Migration in Jacksonville by Valerie
    A brief history of Arab – Americans’ migration in Jacksonville by Valerie Etienne-Leveille It is a challenging task to find accurate recordings of the early history of Arab–Americans’ migration from different Middle Eastern regions in the United States because until 1898, Arab immigrants were lumped together in immigration records under “Turkey in Asia” (1). The first documented Arab immigrant to settle in Jacksonville was a fruit seller named Farris Mansour around 1890 (2). When Farris Mansour arrived in Jacksonville, the Ottoman Empire still controlled much of the Eastern Mediterranean lands. Ottoman Syria included modern Syria as well as Lebanon, Israel, Palestine, and other territories. Early immigrants from Ottoman Syria identified with their religious affiliation rather than their nationality (3). The religious identification added to the difficulty of accurate early immigration records because Muslim and different Christian denominations cut across national and ethnic lines in the region. Modern Syria and Lebanon are examples of two countries that were not nation-states until the mid-twentieth century. As a result, records and statistics for early Arab immigration patterns were combined from the different nations represented in the region. Ottoman Empire map courtesy of Encyclopedia Britannica (4). After the arrival of Farris Mansour in Jacksonville around 1890, hundreds more Arab immigrants followed over the next thirty years. The first wave of Arab immigrants originated from the rural Mount Lebanon area and 90% of them were Christians (2). Arab-American immigrants were attracted to Jacksonville because of its port and growing commercial sector. They pursued careers as grocers, peddlers, and small business entrepreneurs.
    [Show full text]
  • Peter Sluglett with Stefan Weber, Eds. Syria and Bilad Al-Sham Under Ottoman Rule: Essays in Honour of Abdul-Karim Rafeq
    Peter Sluglett with Stefan Weber, eds. Syria and Bilad al-Sham under Ottoman Rule: Essays in Honour of Abdul-Karim Rafeq. Leiden, Boston: Brill, 2010. Reviewed by Benjamin Smuin In the world of Syrian studies, Abdul-Karim Rafeq is, or at least should be, a household name. His countless contributions to the history of Syria under the Ottoman Empire have spurred and influenced numerous studies on the complex nature of Syria’s history throughout his career, and have spurred the careers of countless other historians of Syria. Whether in Syria, Europe, Japan or the United States, Rafeq has had a noticeable impact on the trajectory of modern Syrian history. Syria and Bilad al-Sham under Ottoman Rule is a collection of articles in honor of Rafeq, and most follow the central principles of Rafeq’s work, including detailed usage of Ottoman court records and legal traditions. The book begins with a detailed introduction by Peter Sluglett, in which he summarizes the various articles in a way that makes a review of this nature almost impossible to write without stepping on his toes. Following the introduction is a complete bibliography of Dr. Rafeq’s published works compiled by T.J. Fitzgerald, a feat in and of itself. The remainder of the work is divided into seven parts, each representing a different aspect of Rafeq’s career. The first part, entitled ‘Encomia: Rafeq the Historian’, contains essays by Muhammad Adnan Bakhit, the late Nicola Ziadeh, Ulrike Freitag, Abdallah Hannah and James A. Reilly that discuss Dr. Rafeq’s impact on a personal level.
    [Show full text]
  • The Infusion of Stars and Stripes: Sectarianism and National Unity in Little Syria, New York, 1890-1905
    W&M ScholarWorks Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects 2016 The Infusion of Stars and Stripes: Sectarianism and National Unity in Little Syria, New York, 1890-1905 Manal Kabbani College of William & Mary - Arts & Sciences Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd Part of the United States History Commons Recommended Citation Kabbani, Manal, "The Infusion of Stars and Stripes: Sectarianism and National Unity in Little Syria, New York, 1890-1905" (2016). Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects. Paper 1539626979. https://dx.doi.org/doi:10.21220/s2-5ysg-8x13 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects at W&M ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects by an authorized administrator of W&M ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Infusion of Stars and Stripes: Sectarianism and National Unity in Little Syria, New York, 1890-1905 Manal Kabbani Springfield, Virginia Bachelors of Arts, College of William & Mary, 2013 A Thesis presented to the Graduate Faculty of the College of William and Mary in Candidacy for the Degree of Master of Arts Comparative and Transnational History The College of William and Mary January 2016 APPROVAL PAGE This Thesis is submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts (anal Kabbani . Approved by the Committee, October, 2014 Committee Chair Assistant Professor Ayfer Karakaya-Stump, History The College of William & Mary Associate Professor Hiroshi Kitamura, History The College of William & Mary AssistafvTProfessor Fahad Bishara, History The College of William & Mary ABSTRACT In August of 1905, American newspapers reported that the Greek Orthodox Bishop of the American Antioch, Rafa’el Hawaweeny, asked his Syrian migrant congregation to lay down their lives for him and kill two prominent Maronite newspaper editors in Little Syria, New York.
    [Show full text]
  • Domestic and International Sources of the Syrian and Libyan Conflicts (2011-2020)
    Peer-reviewed Article International Security After the Arab Spring: Domestic and International Sources of the Syrian and Libyan Conflicts (2011-2020) EFE CAN GÜRCAN Asst. Prof. Department of International Relations, İstinye University Efe Can Gürcan is Associate Dean of Research and Development for the Faculty of Economics, Administrative and Social Sciences at İstinye University. He is also Chair of the Department of Political Science and Public Administration and a faculty member in the Department of Inter- national Relations, İstinye University. He serves as Research Associate at the University of Mani- toba’s Geopolitical Economy Research Group. Gürcan completed his undergraduate education in International Relations at Koç University. He received his master’s degree in International Studies from the University of Montréal and earned his PhD in Sociology from Simon Fraser University. He speaks English, French, Spanish and Turkish. His publications include three books as well as more than 30 articles and book chapters on international development, international conflict and international institutions, with a geographical focus on Latin America and the Middle East. His latest book is Multipolarization, South-South Cooperation and the Rise of Post-Hegemonic Governance. BRIq • Volume 1 Issue 2 Spring 2020 ABSTRACT The so-called Arab “Spring” may be considered as the most significant geopolitical event and the largest social mobilization that have shaped Greater Middle Eastern politics in the post-Cold War era. The present article examines how this process turned into an Arab “Winter”, having led to the world’s largest humanitarian crises since World War II. Using a geopolitical-economy framework guided by narrative analysis and incorporated comparison, this article focuses on the countries where the Arab Spring process led to gravest consequences: Syria and Libya.
    [Show full text]
  • A Cosmopolitan City: Muslims, Christians, and Jews in Old Cairo February 17–September 13, 2015
    oi.uchicago.edu a cosmopolitan city 1 oi.uchicago.edu Exterior of a house in cairo (photo by J. Brinkmann) oi.uchicago.edu a cosmopolitan city MusliMs, Christians, and Jews in old Cairo edited by t asha vordErstrassE and tanya trEptow with new object photography by anna r. ressman and Kevin Bryce lowry oriEntal institutE musEum puBlications 38 thE oriEntal institutE of thE univErsity of chicago oi.uchicago.edu Library of Congress Control Number: 2014958594 ISBN: 978-1-61491-026-8 © 2015 by The University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Published 2015. Printed in the United States of America. The Oriental Institute, Chicago This volume has been published in conjunction with the exhibition A Cosmopolitan City: Muslims, Christians, and Jews in Old Cairo February 17–September 13, 2015 Oriental Institute Museum Publications 38 Published by The Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago 1155 East 58th Street Chicago, Illinois, 60637 USA oi.uchicago.edu Cover Illustration Fragment of a fritware bowl depicting a horse. Fustat. Early 14th century. 4.8 × 16.4 cm. OIM E25571. Catalog No. 19. Cover design by Josh Tulisiak Photography by Anna R. Ressman: Catalog Nos. 2–15, 17–23, 25–26, 30–33, 35–55, 57–63, 65–72; Figures 1.5–6, 7.1, 9.3–4 Photography by K. Bryce Lowry: Catalog Nos. 27–29, 34, and 56 Printed through Four Colour Print Group by Lifetouch, Loves Park, Illinois, USA The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of American National Standard for Information Service — Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48-1984.
    [Show full text]