Boissiera 72 /1 Issn: 0373 - 2975 – 192 ( 2019 )
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BOISSIERA 72 /1 BOISSIERA 72 ISSN: 0373 ISSN: - 2975 – 192 ( 2019 ) BOISSIERA 72, 2019 Ihsan A. AL-SHEHBAZ & Gabrielle BARRIERA – Typifi cation of Boissier’s Cruciferae (Brassicaceae) in Flora Orientalis Typifi cation of Edmond Boissier’s Cruciferae (Brassicaceae) names enumerated in Flora Orientalis BOISSIERA Ihsan A. AL-SHEHBAZ & Gabrielle BARRIERA 72 BOISSIERA 72 Director Pierre-André Loizeau Editor-in-chief Martin W. Callmander Guest editor of Lorenzo Ramella this volume Patrick Perret Typographer Mathieu Christe Author instructions www.ville-ge.ch/cjb/publications_boissiera.php for manuscript submissions Cover image: Two pages of the manuscript of the “Prodromus Flora Orientalis” treating Alyssopsis Boiss. and Cochlearia L. (see also Fig. 5). Boissiera 72 was published on 23 December 2019 © CONSERVATOIRE ET JARDIN BOTANIQUES DE LA VILLE DE GENÈVE BOISSIERA Systematic Botany Monographs 72 Boissiera is indexed in: BIOSIS ® ISSN 0373-2975 / ISBN 978-2-8277-0088-2 Typification of Edmond Boissier’s Cruciferae (Brassicaceae) names enumerated in Flora Orientalis Ihsan A. Al-Shehbaz Gabrielle Barriera Addresses of the authors IAS Missouri Botanical Garden 4344 Shaw Boulevard St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA [email protected] GB Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la Ville de Genève Case postale 71 1292 Chambésy, Switzerland [email protected] Abstract Résumé The Cruciferae account in the Flora Orientalis and its Le traitement des Cruciferae pour la Flora Orientalis et son Supplementum treated 118 genera, 784 species, and 155 varie- Supplementum traite de 118 genres, 784 espèces et 155 varié- ties. Of these, 28 genera, 411 species, and 121 varieties were tés. Parmi eux, 28 genres, 411 espèces et 121 variétés ont été described by Edmond Boissier (1810 – 1885) either alone or in décrits par Edmond Boissier (1810 – 1885) seul ou en collabora- collaboration with other botanists and collectors to 1888. The tion avec d’autres botanistes jusqu’en 1888. Pour chaque genre present tribal affiliation and latest number of species are given comprenant des taxons décrits par Boissier nous donnons son here for each genus that included taxa described by Boissier. rattachement actuel aux tribus ainsi que le nombre d’espèces. The new names Draba antilibanotica Al-Shehbaz and Draba Deux nouveaux noms (Draba antilibanotica Al-Shehbaz et edmondii Al-Shehbaz, and the new combinations Acuston Draba edmondii Al-Shehbaz), deux nouvelles combinaisons petalodes (DC.) Al-Shehbaz and Lepidium cartilagineum (Acuston petalodes (DC.) Al-Shehbaz et Lepidium cartilagineum subsp. crenatifolium (Boiss. & Balansa) Al-Shehbaz are pro- subsp. crenatifolium (Boiss. & Balansa) Al-Shehbaz) ainsi que posed. The following new synonyms are proposed: Aethionema trois synonymes nouveaux (Aethionema heterophyllum (Boiss. heterophyllum (Boiss. & Buhse) Boiss. is synonymized with & Buhse) Boiss. synonyme de Noccaea trinervia (DC.) Steud.; Noccaea trinervia (DC.) Steud., Malcolmia ciliaris Boiss. with Malcolmia ciliaris Boiss. synonyme de Pseudodraba hystrix Pseudodraba hystrix (Hook. f. & Thomson) Al-Shehbaz et al., (Hook. f. & Thomson) Al-Shehbaz et al.; Erysimum canescens and Erysimum canescens var. latifolium Boiss. with Erysimum var. latifolium Boiss. synonyme de Erysimum bulgaricum bulgaricum (Velen.) Ančev & Polatschek. A neotype for (Velen.) Ančev & Polatschek) sont proposés. Un néotype pour Aethionema schistosum Boiss. & Kotschy is designated. Aethionema schistosum Boiss. & Kotschy est désigné. All prior typifications of Boissier’s species and varieties are Toutes les typifications antérieures des espèces et variétés critically evaluated here. Of the total 500 Boissier’s novelties, de Boissier sont évaluées de manière critique. Ainsi, parmi les the type collections of seven names (three species and four vari- 500 nouveautés décrites par Boissier, le matériel original de sept eties) were not found. Fifty-one names were correctly typified noms (3 espèces et 4 variétés) n’a pas été retrouvé. Pour 51 noms, by earlier authors, 280 holotypes are located, 161 lectotypes and les lectotypifications ont été réalisées par de précédents auteurs. one neotype are designated herein. Further details are provided Deux cent quatre-vingts (280) holotypes ont été localisés, 161 in the section “Concluding remarks”. lectotypes et un néotype sont désignés ici. De plus amples détails sont fournis dans la partie “Concluding remarks”. Keywords BRASSICACEAE – CRUCIFERAE – Edmond Boissier – Flora Orientalis – G-BOIS – Nomenclature – Taxonomy – Typifications 8 – Typification of Boissier’s Cruciferae (Brassicaceae) in Flora Orientalis Boissiera 72, 2019 Introduction The roots of early interest by the first author in the Brassicaceae deal with every taxon described by Boissier and co-workers. go back to the mid 1960s after finishing college and working In that, the sequence of taxa follows the Flora Orientalis and its in one of the Baghdad herbaria, but knowledge of the family Supplementum. However, before jumping on the enumeration of did not expand until subsequent higher studies in the West. taxa, some background on Boissier and his work are necessary. It soon became evident that in order to learn more on the family, key references such as Candolle (1821a), Boissier Pierre-Edmond Boissier (1867a), and Schulz (1936) should be constantly consulted. Pierre-Edmond Boissier (Geneva: 25 May 1810 – Valeyres- It is quite evident that subsequent Brassicaceae accounts for sous-Rances: 25 September 1885) (Fig. 1), an outstanding Swiss the floras of the former Soviet Union (Busch, 1939), Turkey botanist, explorer, and mathematician, was one of the most and East Aegean Islands (Davis, 1965a), and Afghanistan, productive taxonomist of the 19th century, and his scientific Iran, Iraq, and Pakistan (Rechinger, 1968) would have been output is perhaps comparable only to that of his fellow citi- severely delayed or hampered had it not been for Boissier’s zen and mentor Augustin-Pyramus de Candolle (1778 – 1841). (1867 – 1888) monumental Flora Orientalis. Boissier was privately educated at home mainly in French, The foundation of the Flora Orientalis is the G-BOIS her- Latin, and Italian, and his love of botany stems back to his barium, which includes the collections of Boissier and numer- childhood when his grandfather, Pierre Butini (naturalist and ous other botanists that are kept separate from the other her- physician), took him, along with his sister and mother, on trips baria of the Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la Ville de to Jura and the Swiss Alps. After taking courses in botany Genève (hereafter G). It is by far one of the richest herbaria with Candolle at the Academy of Geneva, Boissier completed in the world in type collections from that area, especially for his studies in Paris in 1831 – 1832 with Jacques Étienne Gay Southwest Asia, Caucasus, and Balkan Peninsula. Obviously, (1786 – 1864) and Philip Barker Webb (1793 – 1854). no sound taxonomic conclusions can be made without consult- There is a wealth of literature covering Boissier’s family, ing the types of that herbarium. education, travel, friends, discoveries, gardening, herbarium, The Brassicaceae is extremely rich in the Irano-Turanian publications, and correspondences, and the interested reader region, Southwest Asia and the Caucasus undoubtedly rep- is highly recommended to consult various publications com- resents the main center of the family diversity. The Cruciferae memorating him, including at least Christ (1888), Chodat account in the Flora Orientalis (Boissier, 1867a) and its et al. (1935 – 1936, and articles within), Rechinger (1969), Supplementum (Boissier, 1888) occupy a total 310 pages, and Stafleu (1970), Burdet (1985), Lièvre (1994), Charpin the total number of taxa treated are approximately 940 species (2011), Covillot (2011), Grenon (2011), and Jacquemoud and varieties, of which 532 taxa (56.6 %) were described by (2011). However, matters only directly related to the Flora Boissier either alone or in collaboration with other botanists. Orientalis are briefly dealt with here. However, the bulk of novelties appeared prior to these two publications (see Boissier, 1841a, 1841b, 1842a, 1842b, 1842c, Collections and collectors 1843, 1844, 1846, 1849, 1854, 1856, 1859). All 532 novelties are Stafleu (1970: 803) described Boissier as “…financially inde- dealt with in this paper, and the holotypes or previously des- pendent, healthy and strong, a born traveler and mountain- ignated lectotypes are listed, discussed, and evaluated. eer, gifted with unusual mnemonic powers, and a consistent As a consequence of the lack of detailed guidelines for lecto- worker”. Boissier continued to collect from 1832 to 1885, the typification of taxa in the International Code of Nomenclature for year he passed away. In 1840, he married his cousin, Lucile algae, fungi, and plants (Turland et al., 2018), many botanists Butini. Based on the recommendations of Candolle and Webb, lectotypified Boissier’s novelties arbitrarily and regardless to Boissier collected in the Iberian Peninsula nine times, includ- whether or not Boissier had examined authentic material of a ing in 1849 when he was accompanied by his wife who died given institution and whether or not they are deposited in the during their travel to Spain and Algeria. G-BOIS herbarium. In fact, as the reader goes through the Shortly after purchasing in 1840 of an almost complete set typifications below, it is easy to see that in some exceptional (perhaps over 5400 numbers;