ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOLUTIONS LTD
FORMER KINGS BRASSERIE, KING STREET, HIGH ONGAR, ESSEX CM5 9NS
HISTORIC BUILDING RECORDING
Level 2
Author: Tansy Collins MSt Kate Higgs MA Lauren Wilson MA Kathren Henry NGR: TL 59347 03026 Report No: 5161 District: Epping Forest Site Code: Approved: Claire Halpin MCIfA Project No: 6544 Date: June 2016
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Former Kings Brasserie, King Street, High Ongar, Essex, CM5 9NS 1 © Archaeological Solutions Ltd 2016
CONTENTS
OASIS SUMMARY SHEET
SUMMARY
1 INTRODUCTION
2 DESCRIPTION OF THE SITE
3 METHODOLOGY
4 HISTORIC AND CARTOGRAPHIC RESEARCH
5 THE BUILDINGS
6 DISCUSSION
7 CONCLUSION
DEPOSITION OF THE ARCHIVE
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDICES 1 HISTORIC ENVIRONMENT RECORD DATA 2 CARTOGRAPHIC SOURCES 3 PARISH OF HIGH ONGAR TITHE APPORTIONMENT, 1848 4 HISTORIC PHOTOGRAPHS
Former Kings Brasserie, King Street, High Ongar, Essex, CM5 9NS 2 © Archaeological Solutions Ltd 2016
OASIS SUMMARY SHEET Project details Project name Former Kings Brasserie, King Street, High Ongar, Essex, CM5 9NS In May 2016, AS carried out historic building recording at the former Kings Brasserie public house, High Ongar, Essex. The recording was carried out in order to fulfil a condition of planning consent associated with the demolition of the building. Though suggested to be 19th century in date, documentary research found there to be a known long history to the site and technical analysis of the building revealed that the building dates to the 17th century. It is known with certainty that two bays of the original building survives of timber-framed lobby-entry form, the lobby giving access to the original hall and parlour to either side. A few original features survive such as the original staircase and wide boarded door complete with heavy strap hinges, and additional original fabric such as windows may survive within the existing fabric. The southern two bays, also timber-framed, retains fewer diagnostic features exposed though may be of a similar or slightly later date. 19th century work is extensive and includes the provision of service lean-tos all round and a new entrance block and bay window on the frontage, while later still the 20th century saw the reordering of the interior and further extensions. Despite the phases of alteration, there is much of the original structure surviving and remains as an example of a former lobby-entry building, expanded and altered during its history as a public house. Project dates (fieldwork) 19th April 2016 Previous work (Y/N/?) N Future work (Y/N/?) TBC P. number 6544 Site code Type of project Historic building recording Site status Current land use Former public house Planned development Demolition Main features (+dates) 17th century and later timber-framed building Significant finds (+dates) - Project location County/ District/ Parish Essex Epping Forest High Ongar HER/ SMR for area Essex HER Post code (if known) - Area of site 5,000m2 NGR TL 59347 03026 Height AOD (min/max) c. 90m AOD Project creators Brief issued by ECC Project supervisor/s (PO) Tansy Collins Funded by Mr R Brown Full title Former Kings Brasserie, King Street, High Ongar, Essex, CM5 9NS. Historic building recording Authors Kate Higgs, Tansy Collins MSt Report no. 5161 Date (of report) May 2016
Former Kings Brasserie, King Street, High Ongar, Essex, CM5 9NS 3 © Archaeological Solutions Ltd 2016
FORMER KINGS BRASSERIE P.H., KING STREET, HIGH ONGAR, ESSEX, CM5 9NS
HISTORIC BUILDING RECORDING
SUMMARY
In May 2016, AS carried out historic building recording at the former Kings Brasserie public house, High Ongar, Essex. The recording was carried out in order to fulfil a condition of planning consent associated with the demolition of the building.
Though suggested to be 19th century in date, documentary research found there to be a known long history to the site and technical analysis of the building revealed that the building dates to the 17th century. It is known with certainty that two bays of the original building survives of timber-framed lobby-entry form, the lobby giving access to the original hall and parlour to either side. A few original features survive such as the original staircase and wide boarded door complete with heavy strap hinges, and additional original fabric such as windows may survive within the existing fabric. The southern two bays, also timber-framed, retains fewer diagnostic features exposed though may be of a similar or slightly later date.
19th century work is extensive and includes the provision of service lean-tos all round and a new entrance block and bay window on the frontage, while later still the 20th century saw the reordering of the interior and further extensions. Despite the phases of alteration, there is much of the original structure surviving and remains as an example of a former lobby-entry building, expanded and altered during its history as a public house.
1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 In May 2016, Archaeological Solutions Ltd (AS) carried out historic building recording at the former Kings Brasserie public house, High Ongar, Essex CM5 9NS (NGR TL 59347 03026; Figs. 1 & 2). The recording was commissioned in order to fulfil a condition of planning consent for the demolition of the assessment building (Epping Forest District Council Planning Ref. EPF/2235/15). The assessment building will be replaced with a new residential dwelling (Fig. 18).
1.2 The project was carried out in accordance with a brief issued by Essex County Council Historic Environment Advisor (ECC HEA, Maria Medlycott, 7th January 2016) and a written scheme of investigation (WSI) prepared by AS (8th January 2016). The building was subject to Level 2 recording with some higher level recording and followed procedures outline in the Historic England document Understanding Historic Buildings: A guide to good recording practice (2016) and those within the Chartered Institute for Archaeologists (CIfA) Standard and Guidance for the Archaeological Investigation and Recording of Standing Buildings or Structures (2014).
1.3 The objectives of the project were to
Former Kings Brasserie, King Street, High Ongar, Essex, CM5 9NS 4 © Archaeological Solutions Ltd 2016
• compile a descriptive record of the building prior to demolition alongside brief documentary and cartographic research in order to understand the nature and context of the historic building as well as its development through time. • create a drawn record of the building including plans and a cross-section • conduct a full photographic survey of the building in its present condition
Planning policy context
1.4 The National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF 2012) states that those parts of the historic environment that have significance because of their historic, archaeological, architectural or artistic interest are heritage assets. The NPPF aims to deliver sustainable development by ensuring that policies and decisions that concern the historic environment recognise that heritage assets are a non-renewable resource, take account of the wider social, cultural, economic and environmental benefits of heritage conservation, and recognise that intelligently managed change may sometimes be necessary if heritage assets are to be maintained for the long term. The NPPF requires applications to describe the significance of any heritage asset, including its setting that may be affected in proportion to the asset’s importance and the potential impact of the proposal.
1.5 The NPPF aims to conserve England’s heritage assets in a manner appropriate to their significance, with substantial harm to designated heritage assets (i.e. listed buildings, scheduled monuments) only permitted in exceptional circumstances when the public benefit of a proposal outweighs the conservation of the asset. The effect of proposals on non-designated heritage assets must be balanced against the scale of loss and significance of the asset, but non-designated heritage assets of demonstrably equivalent significance may be considered subject to the same policies as those that are designated. The NPPF states that opportunities to capture evidence from the historic environment, to record and advance the understanding of heritage assets and to make this publicly available is a requirement of development management. This opportunity should be taken in a manner proportionate to the significance of a heritage asset and to impact of the proposal, particularly where a heritage asset is to be lost.
2 DESCRIPTION OF THE SITE
2.1 High Ongar lies in the district of Epping Forest and the county of Essex (Fig. 1). The county town of Chelmsford lies over 12km to the east-north-east of the site, whilst the smaller settlement of Chipping Ongar is situated 4km to the west. The hamlet and dispersed settlement of High Ongar lies 2.6km to the west-north-west, whilst the hamlet of Nine Ashes is situated 500m to the south. The site lies to the east of High Ongar proper on the south side of the meandering King Street which extends towards Nine Ashes.
2.2 The site comprises an irregular plot of land covering an area of approximately 5,000m² (Figs. 2 & 17). The north-east side of the plot is bounded by King Street, whilst to the north-west is a field boundary, along which lies a public footpath. The site’s south-western and south-eastern boundaries divide the site from an agricultural field. The assessment building lies in the northern corner of the site
Former Kings Brasserie, King Street, High Ongar, Essex, CM5 9NS 5 © Archaeological Solutions Ltd 2016
overlooking the road, while an outbuilding lies to the south and was also considered. It is now called King’s Brasserie but was in the recent past known as the Wheatsheaf Public House. A small car parking area lies on the east side of the buildings, while the remainder of the plot forms gardens.
3 METHODOLOGY
3.1 Information was sought from a variety of available sources, and reference was made to the Chartered Institute for Archaeologists’ (CIfA) Standard and guidance for archaeological desk-based assessments (2014). The following material was consulted as part of the assessment;
Archaeological databases
3.2 The standard collation of all known archaeological sites and find spots within Fletching comes from the Essex Historic Environment Record (HER). Significant entries within a 500m radius of the site are listed in Appendix 1 and plotted in Fig. 3. Where relevant, these sites and finds are discussed in Section 4.1.
Historical and cartographic sources
3.3 The principal source for this type of evidence was the Essex Record Office (ERO), based in Chelmsford. Relevant documents are listed in Appendix 2 and reproduced in Figs. 4 - 16.
Secondary sources
3.4 The principal sources for this type of evidence were the Essex Record Office (ERO), based in Chelmsford, and AS’s own in-house library. Unpublished sources regarding the assessment area, such as previous field evaluation reports and desk- based assessments, have also been consulted. All sources are listed in the bibliography.
Fieldwork
3.5 The site was visited on the 19th April in order to undertake the analysis of the buildings including the compilation of descriptions of the buildings as well as drawn and photographic survey. Floor plans and a cross-section of the building were produced and are reproduced as Figs. 19-21, while elevation drawings provided by the client are included as well.
3.6 The photographic recording was carried out using medium format (4.5cm x 6cm) black and white film and included all external views and general internal shots. This utilised a Zenza Bronica ETRS camera and Ilford HP5 IOS 400 120mm film. Colour photographs were taken using a Canon 60D (18 megapixels) digital single lens reflex camera, duplicating the black and white photography. Where necessary, architectural detail was captured using supplementary colour photography using 35mm Ektachrome colour transparency. External lighting and weather conditions were good at the time of the survey. A scale was used wherever possible and safe
Former Kings Brasserie, King Street, High Ongar, Essex, CM5 9NS 6 © Archaeological Solutions Ltd 2016
to do so, and a flash was employed for internal shots. A pictorial index of the digital photography and selected colour plates are included below together with location plots (Fig. 19).
4 HISTORIC AND CARTOGRAPHIC RESEARCH
4.1 Topography, geology & soils
4.1.1 The site lies within an expansive rural landscape, within an undulating agricultural area within the Roding Valley (Fig. 1). The course of the River Roding flows through Chipping Ongar 3km to the west of the site, and a number of its tributaries are recorded in the vicinity of the site, including watercourses 200m to the north-east and 400m to the south-west. The surrounding relief is gently undulating, sloping down towards such watercourses and the site is located at approximately 90m AOD. A spot height of 98m AOD is situated in Nine Ashes and 450m to the south.
4.1.2 The underlying geological formation of the area comprises chalky till of the Thames formation, which was formed in the Pleistocene period (BGS 1978). It is overlain by soils of the Hornbeam Association, which are described as deep fine loamy over clayey and clayey soils (SSEW 1983). Previous archaeological investigation in the vicinity of the site remains limited, although King Street Farm, which stands 400m to the west, was subject to an historic building recording (Letch 2007).
4.1.3 An archaeological evaluation was undertaken in 2005 at Nos. 73 – 81 High Street, Chipping Ongar, which is almost 4km to the west of the site (Robertson 2005). The stratigraphy encountered during the evaluation varied between the two trenches, with undisturbed natural geologies of orange silty clay, and a light grey sandy gravel with patches of pale grey sand and light brown silt mixed in, which was judged to represent episodes of ancient flooding of the nearby watercourse (ibid.).
4.2 Archaeological & historical background
4.2.1 Relatively little archaeological investigation in the area means that prehistoric and Romano-British activity in the Roding Valley is little understood. Place-name evidence suggests a Saxon origin for Ongar, most likely as an area of open grassland (Medlycott 1999). Although Chipping Ongar is regarded as being the location of the Hundredal moot and market during the late Saxon and early medieval periods, Saxon remains in the wider area are limited to a small quantity of pottery sherds, at least one Saxon post-hole, and a possible enclosure to the south of the town. Ongar Great Park, which lies to the west of the town, is the oldest recorded park in England, being first mentioned in a will of 1015 (Medlycott 1999).
4.2.3 Chipping Ongar nearby expanded significantly in the medieval period; seeing the establishment of motte and bailey castle, town enclosure, tenements along the High Street, market place, mid 12th century church, manor house and bridge. A market was first mentioned in 1287, but was probably a direct successor to the
Former Kings Brasserie, King Street, High Ongar, Essex, CM5 9NS 7 © Archaeological Solutions Ltd 2016
hundredal market noted above. The site, however, lay distant from the town and is judged to have fallen within the boundaries of High Ongar parish (HER 45479).
4.2.4 Extant medieval buildings are known in the general vicinity via the National Heritage List for England (Website 1), for example Nine Ashes Farmhouse (List entry no. 1146815) and Hardings (List entry no. 1337236) to the south-east, while of most relevance is the relatively high number of 17th century houses in the general area that survive, most with 19th century alterations. Chipping Ongar was a significant staging-point for travellers in the early post-medieval period, and by 1686 there was within the town accommodation for 71 people and 104 horses (Medlycott 1999). The area surrounding the site incorporates a number of Grade II listed buildings of that date, many of which consist of farmhouses (HERs 33005, 33029, 47626, 33006 & 45475) and attest to the overwhelmingly agricultural character of the area. Paslow Wood Common mission church, and its associated church school, is also recorded in the vicinity of the site (HER 45471).
4.3 The site
4.3.1 Despite some suggestions that the assessment building is 19th century in date, the physical analysis clearly reflects a substantially earlier date for construction (see below), while the Essex Record Office (ERO) holds an extensive collection of deeds and historical papers from 1746 to 1954 throughout which time the building was named The Wheatsheaf (Ref. A13111). Anonymous notes within the ERO file (Ref. A13111) also suggested that the existing building retains remnants of earlier cottages, and this historic fabric is clearly visible within the building, see below.
4.3.2 The earliest cartographic source consulted was produced in 1777 by Chapman and Andre (Fig. 4) and depicted King Street with an occupied plot of land in the position of the site. Sadly there is little detail discernible and so the earliest document of particular use is a 1746 lease between George Hayden, a Yeoman of Ongar, and Francis Gates for ‘all that cottage or tenement with the outhouses, yard, garden or orchard and dwellings’ at a peppercorn rent of 5s. A further lease between Haydon and Gates dated June 1752 describes the boundaries which appears consistent with what is visible on later historic maps, with the cottage or tenement located in the northern corner of the site and nine secondary dwellings presumably comprising those depicted on cartographic sources to the south of the main building.
4.3.3 For almost a century the Gates family seem to be associated with the property and in 1841, the census returns list Francis Gates (a descendent of the above mentioned, aged 55) and his wife Susannah Gates with what are presumably their six children, along with four others at the property. They were a family of bakers by profession but were trading as a brewhouse known as the Bakers Arms. In the mid 19th century, informal beer houses were widespread as they did not require a license from the local magistrate, and most of the beer was brewed on the premises.
4.3.4 However, in 1841 the site was sold to Mrs Elizabeth Smith for the sum of £250, though following her death a conveyance dated 18th May 1849 for a ‘public house, cottages and land at High Ongar’ records the transfer to Mr. Thomas P. Wright for the sum of £670. It is not clear at what precise date the building became
Former Kings Brasserie, King Street, High Ongar, Essex, CM5 9NS 8 © Archaeological Solutions Ltd 2016 known as the Wheatsheaf, though was working under this name by 1855 (Post Office Directory, 1855, p. 42) and the landlord was William Mihill. By 1861, however, the landlord is Joseph Wheal (Census returns), a brewer who was living there with his shoemaker sons, John and James. A third son, George, aged eight years old, was also listed at the Wheatsheaf in 1861, and became licensee in 1880.
4.3.5 There is some discrepancy in the records in the late 1840s. The tithe map, produced in 1848 (Fig. 5) depicts the public house at the north end with an outbuilding to the west and a smaller range to the south, while the plots along the King Street frontage are shown divided into three plots. The documents, however, do not agree in that the tithe award (Ref. D/CT 263B) records the property (#500) being a ‘cottage and garden’ owned by Richard Redrick and occupied by ‘James Betts and others’. Three cottages shown to the south, two of which are referred to in the apportionment (App. 3).
4.3.6 The 1873 OS map is the first to depict the site in detail (Fig. 6) and at this point the public house is visible with the existing bay window and entrance seemingly visible, and in plan the rear lean-to ranges are probably extant by this time. There is also a pump labelled at the north-east corner of the building. There is a small outbuilding to the west which no longer exists, while to the south-east an outbuilding in the same position as that present today is visible. Cottages to the south-east along the King Street frontage seem to include as least four properties (two detached and one semi-detached building). The majority of the site to the rear contains an orchard.
4.3.7 By 1874, the Wheatsheaf was in the ownership of Thomas Hill & Co. Ltd, who were brewers based in Brentwood, though in the same year was sold by the Hill family to Ind Coope, who in turn sold it to Whitbread & Company Ltd in 1903. Despite a number of draft sales schedules and conveyances relating to the 1903 sale, there is very little information regarding the public house structure, other than it was sold with one acre of land, ‘together with the appurtances as the same’ and was in the occupation of Charles John Stock as quarterly tenant under the annual rent of £23. A number of years before this sale, the 1896 OS map depicts the site and shows relatively little change since 1873 (Fig. 7). The only changes of note include the loss of one outbuilding to the rear of the public house and one to the rear of the southernmost cottage, while the public house is now shown with a distinct division at the north end. This division does not reflect extension as the outline is identical in size. Also of note is a small unit attached to the rear side of the outbuilding to the south.
4.3.8 George Lawrence became licensee of the Wheatsheaf public house in 1905 and remained for 30 years, during which there was substantial phases of change at both the public house and site in general. By 1920, the dwellings to the south have been demolished (Fig. 8). The outline of the public house has changed little though the conservatory is shown in the south-west corner, while the outbuilding has been again extended, and the east side is shown as open-fronted.
4.3.9 In 1926, the site was issued a Certificate of Redemption of Tithe Rentcharge (#No R44757), and the following year work to the electric supply was conducted though the associated plan provides no evidence for structural changes at the public
Former Kings Brasserie, King Street, High Ongar, Essex, CM5 9NS 9 © Archaeological Solutions Ltd 2016
house (Fig. 9). However, change was carried out in the late 1920s and plans were drawn up in 1929 (in order to comply with the Licensing Justices of the Ongar Division), and these depict a number of proposed alterations. The were drafted by A.R. Mayston, F.R.I.B.A. architect for Whitbread & Co. Ltd and the first plan (Fig. 10) shows a small entrance lobby added on the north side of the existing entrance, while Fig. 11 shows that the conservatory in the south-west corner was extended as a living room and contained a portable range. Furthermore, the interior of the building was remodelled with the loss of internal partitions to create a larger saloon bar area. Further changes occurred according to a plan dated 1936 where the scullery was reworked and a ladies WC added (Fig. 12). By 1939, redemption of the Land Tax charged upon the Wheatsheaf public house was also sought, at which time public house was occupied by H. F. Bartlett, but owned by Whitbread & Company Ltd, with a rental or annual value assessed at £28. The associated documents reveal that the account of consideration paid, in relation to the Land Tax redemption, was £32 1s. 8d., Of note in this document, is that this sale did not include the whole site and part of the King Street frontage was excluded (Fig. 13).
4.3.10 A conveyance date 9th April 1946 (Ref. A13111) records that the extra part of the King Street frontage was sold by the trustees of the estate of Henry Bateman Mitchell to Whitbread & Company Ltd., while a previous declaration made on the 20th March that year revealed that the small portion of land was held freehold by Henry Bateman Mitchell until his death in 1928, and was subsequently let to Mrs. George Lawrence of the Wheatsheaf at an annual rent of 5s., until its 1946 sale, when it cost £100 (Fig. 14).
4.3.11 The collection of documents concerning the Wheatsheaf public house contain very little information regarding its ownership and development after 1946, yet it is known that the site remained in the ownership of Whitbread & Company Ltd until 1990. Other Ordnance Survey maps, dating to 1960 and 1974, are drawn to only a relatively small-scale and thus do not depict any significant changes to the site, yet nevertheless confirm that the site remained as the Wheatsheaf public house until the late 20th century (Figs. 15 & 16).
4.3.12 Regarding evidence for changes to the structure of the building, there are a number of historic photographs from throughout the 20th century and these are included as Appendix 4. The earlier photographs date from 1926 and show the rear side of the public house (App. 4.1). This depicts the rear ranges as a series of lean- to units descending from the eaves of the main range. The unit labelled on the 1929 plan as the conservatory has continuous glazing on one side and the roof appears to be glazed. Two small chimney stacks are visible in the centre of the lean-tos which again reflect the evidence seen on the plans. A further photograph (App. 4.2) shows the interior of the ‘tap room’ or public bar which shows the south side of the room much as it is today with a former inglenook fireplace, reduced in size with a small brick chimney piece. The ceiling structure is exposed and there are two doorways visible, both with doors of which one survives.
4.3.13 The next photograph was taken in 1937 and shows the northern end of the saloon bar following the remodelling of the interior shown on architects’ plans. It appears that some historic timber is present, but that new brackets and other pieces have been installed that remain today (App. 4.3). App. 4.4 shows the southern end
Former Kings Brasserie, King Street, High Ongar, Essex, CM5 9NS 10 © Archaeological Solutions Ltd 2016
of the same space taken some time between 1957 and 1967, when the proprietor was Kay Kallmier and formed the basis of an advertising card, which described the Wheatsheaf as ‘a charming Olde Worlde Tavern in the heart of the country, a courteous welcome, and Whitbreads Beers at their best’. An external image dated 1960 shows the southern entrance in use (App. 4.5), while a series of photographs taken in 1970 suggests the north end of the building had been affected by a fire (App. 4.6-4.10: Ref. C/DB11/8/24).
5 THE BUILDING
5.1 The King’s Brasserie public house stands as a detached building in the northern corner of a large rectangular plot of land on the south-west side of King Street. It is set back from the road side creating a parking area which extends south- east to the corner of the plot, while the remainder to the rear forms a garden area enclosed on all side by trees. A small outbuilding lies adjacent on the south-east side of the public house.
5.2 The public house is an accretive building reflecting multiple phases of alteration and extension throughout its history, with the main element aligned north- north-west to south-south-east, which is referred to as north to south in the following text for ease of description. The historic core survives most coherently at the north end which originally comprised a relatively low two-cell lobby-entry building rising over one and half storeys to a steeply pitched roof. Constructed in the 17th century, this northern element may have included a companion range of a similar date to the south, though there is too little diagnostic fabric currently exposed to confirm and may have instead formed a slightly later extension. The east roof pitch was raised to provide additional space at upper level leaving the rear roofline intact, while lean-tos and other extensions on all sides were added, some of which have been incorporated into modern flat-roofed rear ranges.
5.3 Repeated alteration has led to the loss and reconfiguration of historic fabric as well as the probable concealment of other diagnostic features, although the historic plan form remains and a number of original features survive and are of interest.
Exterior
5.4 The principal elevation of the main range is all rendered and inscribed with ashlar lining, though the timber-framed nature of the building is suggested by the weatherboarded north elevation, while extensions all round obscure most of the external walls.
5.5 The principal east elevation of the main range rises over two storeys to a shallow pitched slate-covered roof and spans four bays, while the elevation has been augmented by a large bay window at ground floor level (Plate 1). This window has a hipped slate-covered roof as well as small projecting units to either side that previously formed entrances though that to the south has been blocked and replaced with a one-over-one sash window. This bay window was added in the 19th century and the east side contains two one-over-one sash windows with horns and adjoining fixed casements with casements in the outer cants that have been altered to
Former Kings Brasserie, King Street, High Ongar, Essex, CM5 9NS 11 © Archaeological Solutions Ltd 2016
accommodate upper top-hung panes. The north entrance unit has a doorway on the east with a moulded frame and plain corner paterae (Plate 2), containing a door with two lower applied panels and upper glazing decoratively etched that reads ‘WINES & SPIRITS’ and a second doorway on the north side with six upper glazed panes, but a modern applied panel below. This entrance unit was extended with this second doorway as part of the 1929 works. The south former entrance retains a step but as noted the doorway is blocked and replaced with a similar one-over-one sash, though still retains the upper portion of a door frame that matches the northern example (Plate 3).
5.6 To either side of the entrance block are one-over-one sash windows that light the interior of the main building, while at upper level, four identical two-light casements with slightly exposed plain frames are set immediately below the eaves. Otherwise there is a modern public house sign reading ‘KINGS brasserie’, and other paraphernalia such as lights and security cameras. At roof level, there is a red brick chimney stack rising through the apex between the two northern bays, and an integral chimney stack which is all rendered at the south end. Lean-to units are visible from this side and are described below.
5.7 The north elevation of the main range is only visible above a pent-roof extension, and is all weatherboarded. The pent-roofed extension is also weatherboarded, and though formerly held double garage doors on the east, now has a modern standard sized doorway. A window on the north is of uPVC, while a modern light pierces the slate covered roof.
5.8 The opposing south gable end of the main building is similarly obscured by extensions at ground floor level, while the gable here is rendered and painted. Interestingly, however, the part of the gable to the west which follows the original roof line was formerly weatherboarded (App. 4.5) suggesting this southern range too is timber-framed. The render here extends to the chimneystack. The pent-roofed lean-to at low level is 20th century in date with rendered walls and a peg-tiled roof and lit via sash windows containing safety glass. This was added to provide WCs, and later a further flat-roofed WC block was added to the west and is of no interest.
5.9 The rear, west side of the public house is dominated by 20th century flat- roofed structures, the flat roof extending from the fairly low eaves of the main building (Plate 4). However, these flat roof elements are deceptive and hide a number of small 19th century units that can be seen on historic architect plans and survive within the modern fabric. The original roof line of the main building is visible above. It is now covered in grey slate and has a single dormer window.
Interior
5.10 As with many pub interiors, repeated remodelling is much in evidence, with consolidation of separate rooms, and cladding and lining of earlier fabric, such as fictive timber-framing and dado boarding throughout much of the ground floor spaces. However, the historic plan form survives in outline, particularly at the north end where the existing entrance leads though a porch into a small lobby against the chimney stack and would originally have led north and south into an original hall and parlour with the original staircase (surviving) positioned on the opposite side of the
Former Kings Brasserie, King Street, High Ongar, Essex, CM5 9NS 12 © Archaeological Solutions Ltd 2016 stack in a typically 17th century layout. Further historic elements remain exposed at first floor level suggesting the southern structural range is also historic.
Ground floor
5.11 As it exists the entrance opens into a small lobby (GF01) partly housed in the 19th century entrance unit as well as within the historic core and a timber survives above in the position of the original external doorway. Doorways on the north and south lead into what was formerly the public bar to the north (GF02) and larger saloon bar to the south (GF03). The door on the south is a four-panel door with upper glazed panels, while the door on the north is unusual. It is consistent with an early 20th century date and has two lower plain panels but is curious in incorporating a serving hatch with an upper two-pane fixed sash and a lower sliding sash of two panes, all containing textured glass. The door is a later introduction and impressions in the jamb indicate a former door with timber ledges. This existing door may have been repositioned from the north side of Room GF02, as the 1936 architect plans label a serving door in this position (Fig. 12) allowing the public bar and saloon bar to be served from the rear range. In addition to the existing entrance an adjoining small unit was added (GF01a) to allow separate access into the public bar.
5.12 To the north, Room GF02 preserves much historic fabric exposed though has latterly been given features consistent with use as a public bar. This includes high dado boarding and fixed seating (some recently removed) that curves round the north side of the room, and is probably that visible in Fig. 10. 17th century fabric remains exposed on the south as well as to the ceiling. The large inglenook fireplace has been altered with applied timber jambs and mantel, though the end of the original timber bressummer can be seen from the west. Otherwise, the fireplace has two small seats and smaller brick stack and simple cast-iron grate within (Plate 5). To the west, an original door is of two very wide boards with three wide ledges to the rear and has blacksmith made strap hinges hung on pintles (Plate 6). This doorway leads to the original staircase that rises up the side of the chimney stack but has been blocked to the floor above in modern fabric. There is a small cupboard housed in the flank of the chimney stack enclosed by a simple boarded door.
5.13 The ceiling structure is also original, though the timber is all heavily painted. A robust binding joist at the bay division displays characteristic lambs tongue chamfer stops (Plate 7) at both ends, and common joisting extends west to east and the mid- rail is partially visible on the west. To the south of the binding joist the ends of common joists are visible to the east of the stack extending to the south over the entrance lobby. Otherwise, there is a blocked window on the west and adjoining this is a narrow doorway to the service rooms at the rear.
5.14 From the entrance lobby (GF01) the main bar area is reached to the south (GF03). This space is much altered with the removal of earlier fabric and the insertion of apertures and other decorative features associated with the buildings use as a public house. The principal decorative elements date to the earlier 20th century scheme of work and include motifs such as fictive timber framing, in some instances seemingly applied over genuine timber framed elements. The space is divided at the bay divisions by binding joists.
Former Kings Brasserie, King Street, High Ongar, Essex, CM5 9NS 13 © Archaeological Solutions Ltd 2016
5.15 The northern bay of this room forms the companion bay to the 17th century lobby-entry structure, though in much less coherent form as the east, south and west walls have all been largely removed to open up the space to the surrounding extensions. Historic fabric survives on the north, however, and includes the chimney stack though this now has a 20th century tiled fire surround and dado boarding, and the cupboard below the staircase (Plate 8). Within the cupboard, both structural timber-framing is visible as well as the underside of the original staircase (Plate 9), which retains robust carriage beams with plank risers and treads. In addition, the brickwork of the chimney stack is exposed on the east and the sole-plate over a dwarf wall on the west, above is what appears to be original plasterwork (Plate 10). Fragments of earlier timber can be seen around the 20th century work at ceiling level and it is likely the structure survives in-situ, while the principal bay posts may survive but now boxed in (Plate 11). On the east is the 19th century bay window that presumably necessitated the removal of the original external wall and spans this entire bay and part of the next, while similarly the rear wall has been removed to accommodate a bar and serving area within the rear ranges.
5.16 The now open bay division on the south is framed by 20th century timberwork and all original wall framing is lost though the bay posts may survive entombed. The central bay in this room presents mostly 20th century fabric and the binding joists and ceiling structure appears mostly to be applied and may conceal the historic fabric. On the east, the southern part of the bay window is adjoined by a small snug in the position of the former entrance. The western part of the bay is occupied by the secondary staircase, now the primary staircase, which gives access to the first floor. Historic architect plans indicate a previous staircase lay here but following a different alignment (Fig. 11) and the construction now is all 20th century in date and reached through a door with three long lower panels and a large upper panel.
5.17 The final south bay of the room has a similar 20th century veneer with dado boarding and a tile and brick fire surround at the south end. the west wall has been opened up to the rear ranges, while the east wall contains a sash window that is of one-over-one form but may have been altered from the eight-over-eight form visible in an historic photograph. To either side of the chimney breast on the south are 20th century doorways leading to WCs. These are of mid-20th century date and include features such as tiled floors, early ceramic urinals, doors with four panels set vertically in typical mid-20th century style and sash windows containing safety glass (with chicken wire).
5.18 The rear ranges and northern unit have all been extensively remodelled so that their original form is not entirely discernible. However, it appears that in general most elements survive simply entombed within later work comprising modern blockwork and ephemeral studwork. Many of the existing walls follow the same lines of the earlier units and the pent-roof of some units visible in an early photograph survives below the existing flat roof.
5.19 Room GF06 formerly comprised a living room, built in the 1930s and replacing a conservatory in this position. As it exists it is all lined in 20th century dado boarding and other dry-lining, while modern ceiling boarding in one corner has fallen away revealing slender ceiling joists, all painted. The only feature reflecting the earlier
Former Kings Brasserie, King Street, High Ongar, Essex, CM5 9NS 14 © Archaeological Solutions Ltd 2016
form is a concrete hearth on the south side set into the floorboards in the position of the chimney stack that, according to historic plans, originally held a portable range.
5.20 Rooms GF07 and GF08 with GF08a are all similarly altered, though the roof pitch of the earlier range is expressed in Room GF07, which forms a storage area and is lined with modern dado boarding and plastered above. However a view through a hatch in the ceiling revealed earlier boarding lining the roof pitch. The remaining two spaces form a small entrance lobby and modern WC being housed in the area pushed out in modern blockwork. To the north, Room GF09 occupies a further 19th century pent-roofed lean-to, latterly opened up to the historic core on the east and used as a serving area. As elsewhere, there has been alteration in modern materials but here 19th century bead-moulded boarding survives to some walls and also extending to the ceiling. A chimney stack at the south end is all clad and the fireplace apertures contains shelves, while the west wall forms the formerly external wall of the lean-to and contains a blocked window and a split door, the upper section with four large panes (Plate 12). A section to the south is lined in modern materials but a view behind shows the original boarding and a further blocked window. Two rooms have been attached to the west side (GF10 and 11). They are constructed of modern block work and are of no interest.
5.21 To the north, Room GF12 occupies a space labelled on the 1929 plans as a scullery and then following alterations as a bottled beer store. Some vertical boarding survives at the east end with shelving in what appears to be a blocked window to the historic core, though the west side of the space is all plastered and the door to the exterior is modern.
5.22 The final space at ground floor level occupies the single-storey range at the north end and forms the existing kitchen (GF13). It is all lined in modern tiles and is fitted with modern commercial kitchen units. The door on the east is a modern fire door and the entire wall here at low level must be 20th century in date as according to early architects plans contained double doors to varyingly a bottled beer store and garage.
First floor
5.23 The first floor rooms are now only given access via the secondary staircase on the west side of Room GF03. This staircase replaces an earlier stair in the same position visible on early 20th century plans and is all of mid-20th century date, while an original staircase survives to the north but has been boarded over at upper level. This original staircase originally rose up the west side of the chimney stack, the opposing side of the chimney to the original lobby entrance following an entirely typical 17th century plan form.
5.24 The rooms at this level are partially housed in the roof space and reflect the original roof pitch on the west side, as well as the reconfiguration of the east roof to provide additional head room and accommodate new windows above original wall- plate level. Most rooms are carpeted and have simple skirting boards and almost all surfaces including walls, roof pitches and ceiling soffit are covered in wallpaper. Some structural timber framing is visible and appears to survive to a much greater
Former Kings Brasserie, King Street, High Ongar, Essex, CM5 9NS 15 © Archaeological Solutions Ltd 2016
extent that the floor below and may be exposed during demolition and would provide much information regarding the evolution and earlier form of the historic building.
5.25 The northern room (FF01) displays some timber-framing on the west and north all painted black making details difficult to discern. Visible fabric includes the wall-plate on the west with a single pegged stud (Plate 13). Additional studs do survive but are only visible from within the roof space over Room GF12, where buff- coloured lime plaster infill survives. A fairly waney tie-beam lies on the north and on the east, the wall-plate likely survives but now boxed in. Above this, the remaining wall was added with the raising of the roof although no structural fabric is exposed and it cannot be determined at what point this occurred. The existing casement window is of two-light form, while the door on the south is historic and if in its original position, must post-date the raising of the roof. The door is boarded and ledged with slender strap hinges with small round finials that are consistent with an 18th or 19th century date (Plate 14). To the west, the chimney stack is not visible and a small fireplace is boarded over though the grate may survive within.
5.26 Room FF02 lies on the south side of the principal chimney stack and the chimney stack projects into the room and is all of painted brickwork. On the west side there is no sign of the staircase that rose here and the room is all carpeted and the walls painted and wallpapered. As with the previous room, there are principal structural members exposed (all painted) including the wall-plate on the west and the tie-beam on the south, while the wall-plate and studwork likely survives on the east boxed in where the raising of the eaves is evident (Plate 15). A single pegged stud is exposed on the west, though slender timberwork at ceiling level appears to be later. The southern tie-beam has been bisected for the insertion of a four panel door, the upper two panels now glazed and one of the lower panels formerly cut for a probable cat hole. Some structural details are visible including a pegged bridled scarf joint in the wall-plate and in the south-west corner a stapled metal strap is visible.
5.27 The southern two bays include stair landing FF03 with Room FF04 occupying the remainder of the bay and the southern bay forming a single room (FF05). Most spaces are again lined though one or two elements of the timber frame are exposed and bear similarities with the northern bays.
5.28 The first floor landing (FF03) is carpeted with a similar modest skirting board. The walls are covered with modern wallpaper and the doorways on the east and north have modern frames, while the dormer window on the west which lights the staircase contains a modern uPVC window. The door on the north is as described above, while the door on the east is modern. Otherwise, there is an historic door on the south of three wide boards with ledges to the rear and slender strap hinges with round finials (Plate 16). A balustrade encloses the stairwell and appears to be generally modern, though cladding may disguise earlier details. A bathroom to the east (FF04) retains little of interest though the original wall line is visible on the east and above, the reconfigured wall contains a two-light casement as elsewhere.
5.29 The final space occupies the southern bay of the building (FF05). Very little historic fabric is exposed apart from a section of painted tie-beam but this and the cladding of other elements in the room reflects the timber-framed nature of the
Former Kings Brasserie, King Street, High Ongar, Essex, CM5 9NS 16 © Archaeological Solutions Ltd 2016
original range, while on the east the wall rises above original wall-plate level to the raised eaves. A chimney stack projects on the south with a shoulder on the east, and to the west the tie-beam is exposed where a stapled iron strap is visible as seen elsewhere (Plate 17). The tie-beam is boxed in on the opposing side of the chimney stack and this cladding extends around the east side of the room. The only other features are a series of what appears to be applied timbers extending across the west roof pitch and ceiling soffit.
Roof
5.30 As the first floor rooms are partially housed in the roof space, only the apex of the roof structure was visible through a hatch above landing FF03, and there was no access to the roof over the northern bays.
5.31 Despite the limited fabric visible, evidence for the raising of the east roof pitch is present. As it exists, there are a number of historic oak rafters on the west with a single purlin which appears secured to the rafters with robust iron nails, though it is unclear whether the nails are original. These rafters now rise to a softwood ridgeboard and are much later, inserted with the raising of the east side of the roof. This facilitated the replacement of the original rafters on this side and their replacement with evenly sawn slender softwood members at a very shallow pitch. The limited fabric visible here precludes a firm date for construction being proposed, though if the large nails are original to the original oak fabric may be consistent with an 18th century date. Comparison with the fabric over the northern bays might allow the sequence of development to be more accurately determined.
Outbuilding
5.32 Set close by to the south of the public house is a low single-storey three-bay outbuilding, aligned north-south with entrances on the east side (Plate 18). It is timber-framed and weatherboarded over a brick dwarf wall with a relatively shallow pitched roof covered in pan-tiles. The brickwork is orange in a Flemish bonding pattern, though this is only visible at the south end as the rear side is built up with an area of concrete hardstanding, which according to old maps was the position of small attached units, perhaps pig shelters. The east side contained two entrances, with the remainder boarded. The north bay includes the brick dwarf wall with weatherboarding above and contains a stable door. Evidence within indicates the southern two bays were originally open-fronted but have been enclosed by vertical timber boarding in the south bay and double doors in the central bay. All doors have closed strap hinges.
5.33 Internally, the floor is of rough concrete and the dwarf walls are visible. The timber is of evenly sawn softwood of slender scantling and there is no pegging and all members are nailed. The building spans three bays and the truss construction includes outer bay posts over a sole-plate rising to a wall-plate above which a slender tie-beam supports raking struts bird-mouthed to a single purlin in each pitch, over which slender rafter couples rise to a ridgeboard at the apex. The wall framing is entirely regular and consists of primary-braced studwork. This is present on the south, west and north with a short section on the east side of Bay 1, and an internal partition between Bays 1 and 2 (Plate 19).
Former Kings Brasserie, King Street, High Ongar, Essex, CM5 9NS 17 © Archaeological Solutions Ltd 2016
5.34 Bay 1, a former stable is given access though the stable door on the east and here the studwork is all lime-washed to wall-plate level. The north gable end has a fixed three-pane casement at high level, which is mostly obscured by vegetation. The two southern bays were formerly open-fronted on the east and this is demonstrated by the bay posts which have short lateral braces to the wall-plate on either side and the wall-plate has no mortices in the soffit for studs (Plate 20). The infill on this east side is of crude boarded infill in Bay 3 and the double doors in Bay 2.
6 DISCUSSION (Fig. 22)
6.1 Technical analysis at the former King’s Brasserie pubic house revealed an accretive structure that has been much altered throughout its history, which nevertheless retains a 17th century building at its core with original fabric and a small number of joinery elements intact.
6.2 The northern two bays comprise a timber-framed two-cell building of lobby- entry form characteristic of houses of the 17th century. It originally rose over one and a half storeys with the upper rooms partially housed in the roof space. The timber- frame is built over a brick dwarf wall and a central chimney stack divides the original hall and parlour; the inglenook fireplace survives in outline on the north. Much of the original timber-frame appears to survive at upper level, in the northern bay at ground floor level and to the ceilings, though the outer walls of the south bay have been removed during later work. Of note, is the survival of the original staircase rising up the west side of the chimney stack, along with the original door which is well- preserved of two very wide boards and blacksmith made strap hinges.
6.3 The southern two bays are also timber-framed, and may be contemporary with the northern lobby-entry range, though there is minimal fabric exposed to determine an accurate sequence of development. Underlying fabric may provide further evidence and there are a small number of boarded doors that appear 18th century, which may suggest a 17th century or slightly later date.
6.4 It is not clear at what date the building was formally converted to a public house, and functioned as a beerhouse previously where such uses often leave no evidence. The next substantial campaign of work evident in the surviving fabric occurred in the early to mid 19th century and saw the construction of the rear lean-to ranges, the addition of the eastern bay window with dual entrance, which may reflect the date at which the building became a public house.
6.5 At some point, the rooms at first floor level were enlarged by raising the eastern roof pitch to provide further head room on this side, while the interior has been substantially reworked on numerous occasions, but the principal fabric now exposed at ground floor level reflects changes seemingly carried out in the 1930s. Other 20th century work is associated with changes to the public house and includes the remodelling and extension of the rear service ranges, the addition of toilet blocks and the modernisation of internal spaces.
DEPOSITION OF THE ARCHIVE
Former Kings Brasserie, King Street, High Ongar, Essex, CM5 9NS 18 © Archaeological Solutions Ltd 2016
An archive of all materials produced by the report has been created and listed according to Historic England (MAP2) standards. Copies of the final report will be lodged with the Essex Historic Environment Record (HER) and OASIS. The project archive will be lodged with Epping Museum.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Archaeological Solutions Limited would like to thank Mr R Brown for funding the works and Mr Richard Cipa for commissioning the works and for assistance.
AS gratefully acknowledge the input and advice of Ms. Maria Medlycott of the Essex Historic Environment Record (HER), as well as the staff at the Essex Record Office (ERO).
Former Kings Brasserie, King Street, High Ongar, Essex, CM5 9NS 19 © Archaeological Solutions Ltd 2016
BIBLIOGRAPHY
British Geological Survey (BGS) 2010 Legend for the 1:625,000 Geological map of the United Kingdom (solid geology); London. BGS, Mansfield
Brown, N & Glazebrook, J (eds.), 2000, Research and Archaeology: A Framework for the Eastern Counties.2. Research Agenda and Strategy, East Anglian Archaeology Occasional Papers 8
Chartered Institute for Archaeologists (CIfA) 2014 Standard and Guidance for Archaeological Investigation and Recording of Standing buildings or structures, CIfA, Reading
Chartered Institute for Archaeologists (CIfA) 2014 Standard and Guidance for Historic environment desk-based assessment, CIfA, Reading
Glazebrook, J (ed.), 1997, Research and Archaeology: A Framework for the Eastern Counties.1. Resource Assessment, East Anglian Archaeology Occasional Papers 3
Historic England 2016 Understanding Historic Buildings: A guide to good recording practise. HE, Swindon
Letch, A. 2007 Historic Building Recording at King Street Far, King Street, High Ongar, Essex. Essex County Council Field Archaeology Unit unpublished report No. 1787
Medlycott, M. 1999 Chipping Ongar Historic Town Assessment Report. Essex County Council
Medlycott, M. (ed.) 2011, Research and Archaeology revisited: a revised framework for the East of England, ALGAO East of England Region, East Anglian Archaeology Occasional Papers 24
Kelly’s & Co Ltd. 1855 Post Office Directory of Essex, Herts, Kent, Middlesex, Surrey and Sussex Kelly & Co Ltd, London.
Robertson, A. 2005 73 – 81 High Street, Chipping Ongar, Essex. Archaeological evaluation by trial trenching. Essex County Council Field Archaeology Unit unpublished report No. 1116
Soil Survey of England and Wales (SSEW) 1983 Legend for the 1:250,000 Soil Map of England and Wales. SSEW, Harpenden
Viatores 1964 Roman Roads in the South-East Midlands. London
Web resources
1 National Heritage list for England https://www.historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/map-search?clearresults=True
Former Kings Brasserie, King Street, High Ongar, Essex, CM5 9NS 20 © Archaeological Solutions Ltd 2016
2 Pub history website http://pubshistory.com/EssexPubs/HighOngar/wheatsheaf.shtml
Former Kings Brasserie, King Street, High Ongar, Essex, CM5 9NS 21 © Archaeological Solutions Ltd 2016
APPENDIX 1 HISTORIC ENVIRONMENT RECORD DATA
The following buildings are those that lie within a 500m radius of the site. The table has been compiled from data held by the Essex Historic Environment Record (HER).
HER NGR TL Description Prehistoric 51601 59 03 A Portable Antiquities Scheme findspot of Late Iron Age date Medieval 33012 5937 0273 Grade II listed Nine Ashes Farmhouse, which is a 16th century or earlier timber framed house 33013 5931 0266 Grade II listed Hardings, which is a 16th century or earlier timber framed open hall house 45467 5894 0323 Old Thrifts, also known as Frith Hall and Old Friths gave its name to William del Frit, who was tenant there in 1334. There must have been a house on the site, but by 1953 the only building on the property was a weatherboarded barn 45479 582 029 Establishing the extent of High Ongar parish throughout the medieval period is difficult. It appears that originally it was much larger, and included a large portion of Stanford Rivers (Marden Ash and Ongar Great Park), part of Bobbingworth (Ashlyns farm), Chipping Ongar and Norton Mandeville. Chipping Ongar parish was carved from High Ongar in the mid-12th century, Norton Mandeville parish was formed in the 1180s and the western portions became part of Stanford Rivers and Bobbingworth in the 1280s. However, it still retained two detached portions, one to the west containing Ashlyns farm, it is now part of Bobbingworth parish. The second detached portion was to the north of Norton Mandeville parish, both it and Norton Mandeville have been incorporated into the current High Ongar parish area. The area of Marden Ash, which previously lay within High Ongar is now within Stanford Rivers parish. This report will only deal with the area within the present parish of High Ongar Post-medieval 33005 5885 0334 Grade II listed King Street Farmhouse, which is a late 16th - early 17th century timber framed house 33014 5927 0270 Grade II listed Walnut Tree Cottage, which is an early 17th century timber framed house 33029 5955 0357 Grade II listed Blewgates Farmhouse, which is a 16th - 17th century timber framed house 45471 5913 0252 Paslow Wood Common mission church was also a church school 47626 596 035 The Barn at Blewgates Farm is oriented E-W along its ridge and the roof is clad with modern facsimile nibbed pan-tiles marked ‘Tudor Crossley’ which are very clean although most of the flaunching has failed. The roof is gabled to the south but fully
Former Kings Brasserie, King Street, High Ongar, Essex, CM5 9NS 22 © Archaeological Solutions Ltd 2016
hipped at the southern end. The Barn was originally fully timber-framed but the northern wall has been underbuilt in brick and extended to the west to form an aisle Early modern 33006 5887 0331 Grade II listed barn at King Street Farmhouse, which is a mid 19th century red brick barn and adjoining byre 45471 5913 0252 Paslow Wood Common mission church was also a church school 45475 5907 0248 A wooden building was erected near Nine Ashes Farm in 1865 as Paslow Wood Common church school. A new single-storey, brickbuilt school was built in 1890 a short distance to the south-west of the existing one Undated 19323 5971 0311 Cropmarks of field boundaries south of Rookery Farm, High Ongar 19326 5934 0182 Cropmarks of former field boundaries, some of which are shown on 1st edition OS maps, at Paslow Wood Common
Former Kings Brasserie, King Street, High Ongar, Essex, CM5 9NS 23 © Archaeological Solutions Ltd 2016
APPENDIX 2 CARTOGRAPHIC SOURCES
Date Description Fig. No. Scale Location 1777 Chapman and Andre’s map of Essex 4 - ERO 1848 Parish of High Ongar tithe map 5 - ERO 1873 Essex sheet LI.15; 1st edition Ordnance 6 25” ERO Survey map 1896 Essex sheet LI.15; 2nd edition Ordnance 7 25” ERO Survey map 1920 New series Essex sheet LXII.6; 3rd edition 8 25” ERO Ordnance Survey map 1927 Plan of electric supply 9 - ERO 1929 Plan of the Wheatsheaf PH 10 8ft: 1 inch ERO 1929 Plan with proposed extension 11 8ft: 1 inch ERO 1936 Plan of the Wheatsheaf PH 12 8ft: 1 inch ERO 1939 Plan for the redemption of Land Tax 13 1:1,250 ERO 1946 Plan of adjoining land 14 - ERO 1960 Sheet TL 50SE; Ordnance Survey map 15 6” ERO 1974 Sheet TL 50SE; Ordnance Survey map 16 1:10,000 ERO
APPENDIX 3 PARISH OF HIGH ONGAR TITHE APPORTIONMENT, 1848
Plot No. Owner Occupier Plot name Area (a.r.p)
500 Richard Redrick James Betts & Others Cottage & garden 2 roods 20 perches
501 William Peter Himself & Widow Cottage & garden 34 perches Maryon Argents 502 Coffee Robert Mullocks & Cottage & garden 6 perches James Mays
Former Kings Brasserie, King Street, High Ongar, Essex, CM5 9NS 24 APPENDIX 4 HISTORIC PHOTOGRAPHS
App. 4.1 Lean-to ranges on the rear side of the main range, 1926
App. 4.2 Corner of the tap room, 1926
App. 4.3 Interior of the saloon bar, 1937
App. 4.4 Interior of the Wheatsheaf PH, 1957 – 67
App. 4.5 King Street frontage of the Wheatsheaf, 1960
App. 4.6 Area affected by fire on the underside of beam, 1970
App. 4.7 Possible route of fire spread, 1970
App. 4.8 Front view of converted fireplace, 1970
App. 4.9 Charring to beam underside, 1970
App. 4.10 Front view of the Wheatsheaf P.H., 1970 APPENDIX 5 HISTORIC ENVIRONMENT RECORD SUMMARY SHEET Site name and address: Former Kings Brasserie, King Street, High Ongar, Essex County: Essex District: Epping Forest Village/Town: High Parish: High Ongar Ongar Planning application EPF/2235/15 reference: Client name/address/tel: Richard Cipa
Nature of application: Demolition Present land use: Former public house Size of application area: Size of area investigated: 5,000m2 NGR (8 figures): TL 59347 03026 Site Code: - Site Archaeological Solutions Ltd director/Organisation: Type of work: Historic building recording Date of work: May 2016 Location of Epping Museum finds/Curating museum: Related SMR Nos: - Periods represented: 17th century and later Relevant previous - summaries/reports: - Summary of fieldwork In May 2016, AS carried out historic building recording at the results: former Kings Brasserie public house, High Ongar, Essex. The recording was carried out in order to fulfil a condition of planning consent associated with the demolition of the building. Though suggested to be 19th century in date, documentary research found there to be a known long history to the site and technical analysis of the building revealed that the building dates to the 17th century. It is known with certainty that two bays of the original building survives of timber-framed lobby- entry form, the lobby giving access to the original hall and parlour to either side. A few original features survive such as the original staircase and wide boarded door complete with heavy strap hinges, and additional original fabric such as windows may survive within the existing fabric. The southern two bays, also timber-framed, retains fewer diagnostic features exposed though may be of a similar or slightly later date. 19th century work is extensive and includes the provision of service lean-tos all round and a new entrance block and bay window on the frontage, while later still the 20th century saw the reordering of the interior and further extensions. Despite the phases of alteration, there is much of the original structure surviving and remains as an example of a former lobby-entry building, expanded and altered during its history as a public house. Evidence revealed during demolition may reveal further evidence for the evolution of this historic building.
Author of summary: Date of Summary: June 2016 T. Collins
APPENDIX 6 BUILDING RECORDING ARCHIVE FORM
Site Details Site Name: Former Kings Brasserie, King Street, High NGR: TL 59347 03026 Ongar County: Essex Museum Collecting Area: Epping Museum Site Code: - Project Number: 6544
Date of Work: May 2016 Related Work: n/a
Brief/s Specification/s Date Present Date Present Advice email: Yes 08.01.16 Yes 07.01.16 Site Records (Description) Notes taken on site (3 pages A4)
Site Drawings (Give Details of Formats & Size) 2 x A3 sheet of drafting film Architect’s Drawings: 2 sheets A3 – annotated Digital Drawings Printouts of Drawings Printouts of Data Digital Data In report Digital photographs and drawings in digital format on CD Reports Report No Report Type Present 5161 Historic Building Recording Yes Site Photographs Black & White Contact Prints Colour Slides Film Film Negs Negs Contacts Film No Negs Present No Type Present Present 1 120mm 1-15 Yes Yes 1 12-18 Yes Photographic Location Plans Present? (Give Details) In report and separate printouts in archive folder Digital Photographs (Give Details): Digital photography. Index and selected plates printed in report. Separate printout of index included in archive folder and digitally on CD
PLATES
Plate 1 The east elevation with attached entrance unit and bay window, taken from the north-east (DP 01)
Plate 2 Front door on the main range, taken from Plate 3 Former doorway on the east side of the the north-east (DP 137) entrance unit, later blocked and replaced with a sash window, taken from the east (DP 08)
Plate 4 Flat-roof rear extension unifying the surviving 19th century rear units, taken from the west (DP 20)
Plate 5 Fireplace on the south side of Room GF02, taken from the north (DP 46)
Plate 6 Historic door to the blocked staircase in Room GF02, taken from the north-east (DP 51)
Plate 7 Detail of a chamfer and stop in Room GF02, taken from the north-east (DP 50)
Plate 8 North end of Room GF03, taken from the south (DP 83)
Plate 9 View of the underside of the historic staircase in the historic core, taken from the south (DP 80)
Plate 10 Original sole-plate on the west side of the historic core visible within the below stair cupboard at the north end of Room GF03, taken from the south-east (DP 82)
Plate 11 North end of Room GF03 showing bay window, taken from the west (DP 78)
Plate 12 West side of Room GF09 showing formerly external wall of the lean-to, taken from the east (DP 70)
Plate 13 Internal view of Room FF01 showing original roof pitch, taken from the south-east (DP 97)
Plate 14 Strap hinge with round finial on the door in Room FF01, taken from the south (DP 62)
Plate 15 Internal view of Room FF02 showing original roof pitch (right) and raised roof (left) with tie-beam bisected for a doorway, taken from the north-west (DP 104)
Plate 16 Strap hinge with round finial on the door in Room FF05, taken from the north (DP 76)
Plate 17 Interior view of Room FF05, taken from the north (DP 112)
Plate 18 South and east elevations of the outbuilding, taken from the south-east (DP 05)
Plate 19 Interior view of Bay 1 (outbuilding) showing primary-braced studwork, taken from the north-east (DP 123)
Plate 20 Bay post and lateral braces on the west side of the outbuilding between Bays 2 and 3, taken from the east (DP 117)
PHOTOGRAPHIC INDEX
DP 1 DP 2
The east elevation with attached entrance unit and Pent-roof extension to the north of the main range, bay window, taken from the north-east taken from the east
DP 3 DP 4
External view of the main range, taken from the East side of the outbuilding to the south of the main south-east building, taken from the north-east
DP 5 DP 6
South and east elevations of the outbuilding, taken Rear of the main range and outbuilding, taken from from the south-east the south-west
DP 7 DP 8
Rear of the main range with accretive rear Former doorway on the east side of the entrance extensions, taken from the west unit, later blocked and replaced with a sash window, taken from the east
DP 9 DP 10
Secondary entrance on the north side of the View of the bay window and entrance units to either entrance unit, taken from the north side, taken from the east
DP 11 DP 12
Sash window on the east side of the main building Chimney stack rising from the main range, taken (south end), taken from the east from the east
DP 13 DP 14
Stable door on the east elevation of the outbuilding, Double doors on the east elevation of the taken from the east outbuilding, taken from the east
DP 15 DP 16
West and south elevations of the outbuilding, taken Pent-roof unit housing WCs, taken from the south from the south-west
DP 17 DP 18
Chimney stack at the south end of a rear extension, Accretive extensions attached to the main range, taken from the south-west taken from the south-west
DP 19 DP 20
Chimney stack at the south end of the main range, Flat-roof rear extension unifying the surviving 19th taken from the south-west century rear units, taken from the west
DP 21 DP 22
Ephemeral flat-roof sheds to the rear of the public Detail of the junction between two flat roofs on the house, taken from the south rear elevation, taken from the west
DP 23 DP 24
Casement window on the east side of the main Door on the rear elevation incorporating elements building at first floor level (north end), taken from of an earlier four-panel door, taken from the west the east
DP 25 DP 26 Pent-roof unit at the north end of the main range, Modern door in Room GF03 leading to Room taken from the north-west GF04, taken from the north
DP 27 DP 28 Sash window with safety glass on the south side of Mid-20th century door to Room GF04a, taken from Room GF04, taken from the west the east
DP 29 DP 30 Tiling and urinal in Room GF05a, taken from the North end of Room GF03 showing timberwork and east bay window, taken from the west
DP 31 DP 32
Interior view of Room GF06, taken from the north- Interior view of Room GF06 showing opening to east main public house, taken from the west
DP 33 DP 34
View of ceiling joists in Room GF06 where modern Glazed internal door between Rooms GF08 and boarding removed,, taken form the east GF07, taken from the west
DP 35 DP 36
Detail of the timberwork in Room GF03, taken from Chamfer stop on the south binding joist in Room 2 the north-west taken from the north-west
DP 37 DP 38 Interior view of Room GF07, taken from the north- Interior view of Room GF07, taken from the south east
DP 39 DP 40 Front door on the east side of lobby GF01, taken Door from lobby GF01 to the main bar GF03, taken from the west from the north-east
DP 41 DP 42 Door from lobby GF01 to Room GF02 with integral Timber elements of the formerly external wall in opening sash window, taken from the south-east Room GF01, taken from the east
DP 43 DP 44
Secondary entrance lobby GF01a, taken from the Strap hinge on the historic door in Room GF02, west taken from the north
DP 45 DP 46
East side of Room GF02, taken from the west Fireplace on the south side of Room GF02, taken from the north
DP 47 DP 48
Door from lobby GF01 with integral sash window, West side of Room GF02, taken from the east taken from the north-west
DP 49 DP 50
North side of Room GF02, taken from the south- Detail of a chamfer and stop in Room GF02, taken west from the north-east
DP 51 DP 52
Historic door to the blocked staircase in Room Detail of cast iron fire grate in Room GF02, taken GF02, taken from the north-east from the north
DP 53 DP 54
Simple handle on the historic door in Room GF02, The blocked staircase in Room GF02, taken from taken from the north-east the north
DP 55 DP 56 Modern fabric blocking the historic staircase in End of the original bressummer of the fireplace in Room GF02, taken from the north Room GF02, taken from the north-west
DP 57 DP 58 View of the underside of the historic staircase in the Small cupboard in the chimney stack given access historic core, taken from the south from the blocked staircase in Room GF02, taken from the north-west
DP 59 DP 60 Rear face of the historic door in Room GF02, taken Kitchen GF13 showing modern wall lining and units, from the north-east taken from the west
DP 61 DP 62
Kitchen GF13 showing modern wall lining and units, Strap hinge with round finial on the door in Room taken from the east FF01, taken from the south
DP 63 DP 64
Interior view of Room GF12, taken from the north- East end of Room GF12 showing formerly external east wall of the historic core, taken from the west
DP 65 DP 66
Doorway between Rooms GF09 and GF02, taken Dresser on the east wall of Room GF09, taken from from the west the west
DP 67 DP 68
Bar area between Rooms GF09 and GF03, taken Bank of light switches in Room GF09, taken from from the north-west the west
DP 69 DP 70
Room GF09, taken from the north West side of Room GF09, taken from the east
DP 71 DP 72
Chimney stack at the south end of Room GF09, Modern lining creating a void with the formerly taken from the north external wall of Room GF09, taken from the north
DP 73 DP 74
Door on the west side of Room GF09, taken from View of Room GF11 showing modern blockwork the east construction, taken from the south
DP 75 DP 76
View of Room GF10 showing modern blockwork Strap hinge with round finial on the door in Room construction, taken from the north FF05, taken from the north
DP 77 DP 78
North end of Room GF03, taken from the east North end of Room GF03 showing bay window, taken from the west
DP 79 DP 80
Boarded and ledge door on the north side of Room View of the underside of the historic staircase in the GF03, taken from the south-east historic core, taken from the south
DP 81 DP 82
Brickwork of the chimney stack visible within the Original sole-plate on the west side of the historic below stair cupboard at the north end of Room core visible within the below stair cupboard at the GF03, taken from the south north end of Room GF03, taken from the south-east
DP 83 DP 84
North end of Room GF03, taken from the south 20th century fireplace at the north end of Room GF03, taken from the south
DP 85 DP 86 Detail of chamfer and stop to the north binding joist Detail of the timberwork in Room GF03, taken from in Room GF03, taken from the south-west the north-west
DP 87 DP 88 West side of Room GF03 showing soffit of the Cupboard below the secondary staircase in Room secondary staircase, taken from the north-east GF03, taken from the north-west
DP 89 DP 90 Mid-20th century door on the west side of Room Snug created on the eastside of Room GF03 in the GF03 leading to the secondary staircase, taken position of a former external entrance, taken from from the north-east the west
DP 91 DP 92
South end of Room GF03, taken from the north- South end of Room GF03, taken from the north- west east
DP 93 DP 94
20th century fireplace at the south end of Room 20th century secondary staircase enclosed on the GF03, taken from the north west side of the main range, taken from the north- east
DP 95 DP 96
Roof structure over the south half of the main Roof structure over the south half of the main range, taken from the north range, taken from the south
DP 97 DP 98
Internal view of Room FF01, taken from the south- Internal view of Room FF01, taken from the north- east west
DP 99 DP 100
South wall of Room FF01, taken from the north- Reinforcing strap on the north tie-beam in Room west FF01, taken from the south
DP 101 DP 102
Door between Rooms FF01 and FF02, taken from Rear of the door between Rooms FF01 and FF02, the north-west taken from the south-east
DP 103 DP 104
Chimney stack in Room FF02, taken from the Internal view of Room FF02, taken from the north- south-east west
DP 105 DP 106
Internal view of Room FF02, taken from the west Door between Rooms FF02 and FF03, taken from the north-west
DP 107 DP 108
View of Room FF03, taken from the south View of Room FF03, taken from the north
DP 109 DP 110
Dormer window in Room FF03, taken from the east View of Room FF04, taken from the west
DP 111 DP 112
Interior view of Room FF05, taken from the west Interior view of Room FF05, taken from the north
DP 113 DP 114
Interior view of Room FF05, taken from the east Rear of the door in Room FF05, taken from the south-east
DP 115 DP 116
Bay post and lateral brace on the west side of the Mark in the floor of Room GF06 for a chimney, outbuilding (Bay 3), taken from the east taken from the north-west
DP 117 DP 118
Bay post and lateral braces on the west side of the Roof void above Room GF07, taken from the south- outbuilding between Bays 2 and 3, taken from the east east
DP 119 DP 120
Wall-plate and pegged stud on the east side of Door to the staircase in Room GF03, taken from the Room FF01, taken from the west south-west
DP 121 DP 122 Distinction in flooring between stair lobby in Room Roof structure above Room GF12 showing rear wall GF03 and Room GF07, taken from the north-east of the historic core with early infill, taken from the south-east
DP 123 DP 124 Interior view of Bay 1 of the outbuilding, taken from Window on the north gable end of the outbuilding the north-east (Bay 1), taken from the south
DP 125 DP 126 Redundant mortises in the outbuilding, taken from Interior view of bay 3 of the outbuilding, taken from the north-west the west
DP 127 DP 128
West wall of Bay 1 in the outbuilding, taken from the East wall of Bay 1 in the outbuilding, taken from the north-east south-west
DP 129 DP 130
Roof structure of the outbuilding, taken from the West wall of Bays 2 and 3 in the outbuilding, taken north-west from the north-east
DP 131 DP 132
South gable end of the outbuilding (Bay 3), taken Roof structure of the outbuilding, taken from the from the north-west north
DP 133 DP 134
Roof structure of the outbuilding, taken from the The partition in the outbuilding between Bays 1 and south-east 2, taken from the south
DP 135 DP 136
The east wall of Bays 2 and 3 in the outbuilding, The partition in the outbuilding between Bays 1 and taken from the south-west 2, taken from the south
DP 137 DP 138
Front door on the main range, taken from the north- Pegged scarf joint on the east side of Room FF02, east taken from the west
DP 139 DP 140
Reinforcing strap on the north tie-beam in Room Marking on the north tie-beam in Room FF02, taken FF02, taken from the south from the south
Harlow N Chelmsford High Ongar A414 M11 SITE A12 M25 Billericay
Brentwood
SITE
Reproduced from the2012 Ordnance Archaeological Solutions Ltd Survey 1:25000 map with the permission of Her Majesty’s Stationery Office.Ó Crown copyright Fig. 1 Site location plan Archaeological Solutions Ltd Scale 1:25,000 at A4 Licence number 100036680 Kings Brasserie, King St, High Ongar, Essex (P6544)
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Archaeological Solutions Ltd Fig. 4 Chapman & Andre’s map, 1777 Not to scale Kings Brasserie, King St, High Ongar, Essex (P6544) N
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Archaeological Solutions Ltd Fig. 5 Tithe map, 1848 Not to scale Kings Brasserie, King St, High Ongar, Essex (P6544) N SITE
Archaeological Solutions Ltd Fig. 6 OS map, 1873 Not to scale Kings Brasserie, King St, High Ongar, Essex (P6544) N
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Archaeological Solutions Ltd Fig. 7 OS map, 1896 Not to scale Kings Brasserie, King St, High Ongar, Essex (P6544) N
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Archaeological Solutions Ltd Fig. 8 OS map, 1920 Not to scale Kings Brasserie, King St, High Ongar, Essex (P6544) SITE
Archaeological Solutions Ltd Fig. 9 Plan of the electricity supply, 1927 Not to scale Kings Brasserie, King St, High Ongar, Essex (P6544) Archaeological Solutions Ltd Fig. 10 Plan showing proposed alteration, 1929 Not to scale Kings Brasserie, King St, High Ongar, Essex (P6544) Archaeological Solutions Ltd Fig. 11 Plan showing second phase of proposed alterations, 1929 Not to scale Kings Brasserie, King St, High Ongar, Essex (P6544) Archaeological Solutions Ltd Fig. 12 Plan showing proposed alterations, 1936 Not to scale Kings Brasserie, King St, High Ongar, Essex (P6544) SITE
Archaeological Solutions Ltd Fig. 13 Plan for the redemption of land tax, 1939 Not to scale Kings Brasserie, King St, High Ongar, Essex (P6544) SITE
Archaeological Solutions Ltd Fig. 14 Plan of adjoining land, 1946 Not to scale Kings Brasserie, King St, High Ongar, Essex (P6544) N
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Archaeological Solutions Ltd Fig. 15 OS map, 1960 Not to scale Kings Brasserie, King St, High Ongar, Essex (P6544) N
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Archaeological Solutions Ltd Fig. 16 OS map, 1974 Not to scale Kings Brasserie, King St, High Ongar, Essex (P6544)