Topological Phases and Applications to Quantum Information Processing" ______List of Organizers
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2005 Annual Report American Physical Society
1 2005 Annual Report American Physical Society APS 20052 APS OFFICERS 2006 APS OFFICERS PRESIDENT: PRESIDENT: Marvin L. Cohen John J. Hopfield University of California, Berkeley Princeton University PRESIDENT ELECT: PRESIDENT ELECT: John N. Bahcall Leo P. Kadanoff Institue for Advanced Study, Princeton University of Chicago VICE PRESIDENT: VICE PRESIDENT: John J. Hopfield Arthur Bienenstock Princeton University Stanford University PAST PRESIDENT: PAST PRESIDENT: Helen R. Quinn Marvin L. Cohen Stanford University, (SLAC) University of California, Berkeley EXECUTIVE OFFICER: EXECUTIVE OFFICER: Judy R. Franz Judy R. Franz University of Alabama, Huntsville University of Alabama, Huntsville TREASURER: TREASURER: Thomas McIlrath Thomas McIlrath University of Maryland (Emeritus) University of Maryland (Emeritus) EDITOR-IN-CHIEF: EDITOR-IN-CHIEF: Martin Blume Martin Blume Brookhaven National Laboratory (Emeritus) Brookhaven National Laboratory (Emeritus) PHOTO CREDITS: Cover (l-r): 1Diffraction patterns of a GaN quantum dot particle—UCLA; Spring-8/Riken, Japan; Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lab, SLAC & UC Davis, Phys. Rev. Lett. 95 085503 (2005) 2TESLA 9-cell 1.3 GHz SRF cavities from ACCEL Corp. in Germany for ILC. (Courtesy Fermilab Visual Media Service 3G0 detector studying strange quarks in the proton—Jefferson Lab 4Sections of a resistive magnet (Florida-Bitter magnet) from NHMFL at Talahassee LETTER FROM THE PRESIDENT APS IN 2005 3 2005 was a very special year for the physics community and the American Physical Society. Declared the World Year of Physics by the United Nations, the year provided a unique opportunity for the international physics community to reach out to the general public while celebrating the centennial of Einstein’s “miraculous year.” The year started with an international Launching Conference in Paris, France that brought together more than 500 students from around the world to interact with leading physicists. -
2018 March Meeting Program Guide
MARCHMEETING2018 LOS ANGELES MARCH 5-9 PROGRAM GUIDE #apsmarch aps.org/meetingapp aps.org/meetings/march Senior Editor: Arup Chakraborty Robert T. Haslam Professor of Chemical Engineering; Professor of Chemistry, Physics, and Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, MIT Now welcoming submissions in the Physics of Living Systems Submit your best work at elifesci.org/physics-living-systems Image: D. Bonazzi (CC BY 2.0) Led by Senior Editor Arup Chakraborty, this dedicated new section of the open-access journal eLife welcomes studies in which experimental, theoretical, and computational approaches rooted in the physical sciences are developed and/or applied to provide deep insights into the collective properties and function of multicomponent biological systems and processes. eLife publishes groundbreaking research in the life and biomedical sciences. All decisions are made by working scientists. WELCOME t is a pleasure to welcome you to Los Angeles and to the APS March I Meeting 2018. As has become a tradition, the March Meeting is a spectacular gathering of an enthusiastic group of scientists from diverse organizations and backgrounds who have broad interests in physics. This meeting provides us an opportunity to present exciting new work as well as to learn from others, and to meet up with colleagues and make new friends. While you are here, I encourage you to take every opportunity to experience the amazing science that envelops us at the meeting, and to enjoy the many additional professional and social gatherings offered. Additionally, this is a year for Strategic Planning for APS, when the membership will consider the evolving mission of APS and where we want to go as a society. -
Hybrid Qubits Solve Key Hurdle to Quantum Computing 28 December 2018
Hybrid qubits solve key hurdle to quantum computing 28 December 2018 In 1998, Daniel Loss, one of the authors of the current study, came up with a proposal, along with David DiVincenzo of IBM, to build a quantum computer by using the spins of electrons embedded in a quantum dot—a small particle that behaves like an atom, but that can be manipulated, so that they are sometimes called "artificial atoms." In the time since then, Loss and his team have endeavored to build practical devices. There are a number of barriers to developing practical devices in terms of speed. First, the device must be able to be initialized quickly. Initialization is the process of putting a qubit into a certain state, and if that cannot be done rapidly it slows down the device. Second, it must maintain coherence for a time long enough to make a measurement. Coherence refers to the Schematic of the device. Credit: RIKEN entanglement between two quantum states, and ultimately this is used to make the measurement, so if qubits become decoherent due to environmental noise, for example, the device Spin-based quantum computers have the potential becomes worthless. And finally, the ultimate state to tackle difficult mathematical problems that of the qubit must be able to be quickly read out. cannot be solved using ordinary computers, but many problems remain in making these machines While a number of methods have been proposed scalable. Now, an international group of for building a quantum computer, the one proposed researchers led by the RIKEN Center for Emergent by Loss and DiVincenzo remains one of the most Matter Science have crafted a new architecture for practically feasible, as it is based on quantum computing. -
The Quantum Times) in Producing the First in Their List of Guidelines Nor Was It Reported As Operating Laser, Are All Interesting and Enlightening
TThhee QQuuaannttuumm TTiimmeess APS Topical Group on Quantum Information, Concepts, and Computation Summer 2007 Volume 2, Number 2 Advances & Challenges in Quantum Key Distribution Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) is the flagship success of quantum communication. Since Bennett and Brassard’s 1984 publication [2] it has given a new direction to the field. (For a review see e.g. [3].) Up to then in quantum communication, the properties of quantum mechanics were used, for example, to improve on the through-put of optical channels. With the arrival of QKD an application has been created that achieves what Inside… cannot be achieved with classical communication alone: … you will find a little bit of provably secure protocols with no assumption about the everything. We begin with an computational power of an adversary. (This scenario is referred article from Norbert Lütkenhaus on to as unconditional security, a technical term in cryptography. quantum key distribution (QKD) Still, the devices of sender and receiver are assumed to be that grew out of a news article from perfect and out of bound of the adversary, an assumption without our last issue. Norbert speaks from which no cryptography is possible at all.) It is sufficient to the standpoint of someone at the prepare non-orthogonal states as signals and to measure them at forefront of quantum cryptography the receiver’s end. Then, using an authenticated public channel, and his article should be read by both parties can distill a secret key from the data. The procedure anyone interested in the current needs to be kick-started with some secret key in order to state and future direction of QKD. -
In Memory of Leo P. Kadanoff
Journal of Statistical Physics manuscript No. (will be inserted by the editor) Franz J. Wegner In memory of Leo P. Kadanoff Received: Accepted: Abstract Leo Kadanoff has worked in many fields of statistical mechanics. His contributions had an enormous impact. This holds in particular for critical phe- nomena, where he explained Widom’s homogeneity laws by means of block-spin transformations and laid the basis for Wilson’s renormalization group equation. I had the pleasure to work in his group for one year. A short historically account is given. Keywords Renormalization group · Block-spin transformation · Critical phenomena · Ising Model · Duality 1 Introduction Leo Kadanoff has worked in many fields of Statistical Mechanics. He started out in working on superconductivity in a thesis under the supervi- sion of Paul Martin at Harvard. Leo and Gordon Baym developed self-consistent approximations which preserved the conservation laws[4]. They published the widely used book Conservation laws and correlation functions[34]. Gordon Baym has reviewed his time with Leo in his contribution Conservation laws and the quantum theory of transport: The early days.[3] After a number of papers related to superconductivity and transport phenom- ena he became interested in critical phenomena, where he contributed essentially. Section 2 reviews shortly the situation in this field in the fifties and sixties of the last century. Section 3 reviews the contributions of Ben Widom and Leo Kadanoff in 1965 and 1966, which were two important steps in the understanding of this field. This led to a strongly growing interest in this field (sect. 4). Finally, in 1971 Ken Wilson developed the tool to calculate explicitly the critical behavior. -
Issues in Physics & Astronomy
Issues in Physics & Astronomy Board on Physics and Astronomy • The National Academies • Washington, D.C. • 202-334-3520 • national-academies.org/bpa • Summer 2008 Understanding the Impact of Selling the Helium Reserve Michael H. Moloney, BPA Staff nder the sponsorship of the monatomic element, it passes easily containing 0.3 percent helium is consid- Bureau of Land Management at through tiny orifices and is therefore used ered economically viable. A few gas Uthe Department of the Interior, for leak detection in many scientific and deposits contain as much as 8 percent the BPA, in cooperation with the Na- technical applications. Its density is only helium. By comparison, the atmosphere tional Materials Advisory Board, has 15 percent that of air, making it useful as a contains only about 0.0005 percent. He- initiated a study to understand the lifting gas for aerostats and other devices. lium from wells that produce impact on the scientific community of Its high heat capacity, along with its uneconomically low concentrations, or the continuing sale of the U.S. helium inertness, makes it the preferred quench- from wells that produce higher concentra- reserve and recent developments in the ing medium for many applications in tions but do not flow through an extrac- helium market. materials processing, such as the produc- tion plant, is often vented to the atmo- The element helium has unique tion of high-quality superalloy powders. It sphere when the natural gas is burned. A properties. Liquefying near absolute is the preferred carrier gas for gas chroma- relatively minor amount of helium also is zero, it is the only option for many tography, a widely applied technique for vented at extraction plants that have no cryogenic applications, such as cooling chemical separations. -
Quantum Computation with Spins in Quantum Dots
Quantum Computation With Spins In Quantum Dots Fikeraddis Damtie June 10, 2013 1 Introduction Physical implementation of quantum computating has been an active area of research since the last couple of decades. In classical computing, the transmission and manipulation of classical information is carried out by physical machines (computer hardwares, etc.). In theses machines the manipulation and transmission of information can be described using the laws of classical physics. Since Newtonian mechanics is a special limit of quantum mechanics, computers making use of the laws of quantum mechanics have greater computational power than classical computers. This need to create a powerful computing machine is the driving motor for research in the field of quantum computing. Until today, there are a few different schemes for implementing a quantum computer based on the David Divincenzo chriterias. Among these are: Spectral hole burning, Trapped ion, e-Helium, Gated qubits, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Optics, Quantum dots, Neutral atom, superconductors and doped silicon. In this project only the quantum dot scheme will be discussed. In the year 1997 Daniel Loss and David P.DiVincenzo proposed a spin-qubit quantum computer also called The Loss-DiVincenzo quantum computer. This proposal is now considered to be one of the most promising candidates for quantum computation in the solid state. The main idea of the proposal was to use the intrinsic spin-1=2 degrees of freedom of individual elecrons confined in semiconductor quantum dots. The proposal was made in a way to satisfy the five requirements for quantum computing by David diVincenzo which will be described in sec. -
Local and Distributed Quantum Computation
Local and Distributed Quantum Computation Rodney Van Meter and Simon J. Devitt May 24, 2016 Abstract Experimental groups are now fabricating quantum processors powerful enough to execute small instances of quantum algorithms and definitively demonstrate quantum error correction that extends the lifetime of quantum data, adding ur- gency to architectural investigations. Although other options continue to be ex- plored, effort is coalescing around topological coding models as the most prac- tical implementation option for error correction on realizable microarchitectures. Scalability concerns have also motivated architects to propose distributed memory multicomputer architectures, with experimental efforts demonstrating some of the basic building blocks to make such designs possible. We compile the latest re- sults from a variety of different systems aiming at the construction of a scalable quantum computer. arXiv:1605.06951v1 [quant-ph] 23 May 2016 1 1 Introduction Quantum computers and networks look like increasingly inevitable extensions to our already astonishing classical computing and communication capabilities [1, 2]. How do they work, and once built, what capabilities will they bring? Quantum computation and communication can be understood through seven key con- cepts (see sidebar). Each concept is simple, but collectively they imply that our clas- sical notion of computation is incomplete, and that quantum effects can be used to efficiently solve some previously intractable problems. In the 1980s and 90s, a handful of algorithms were developed and the foundations of quantum computational complexity were laid, but the full range of capabilities and the process of creating new algorithms were poorly understood [1, 3, 4, 5, 6]. Over the last fifteen years, a deeper understanding of this process has developed, and the num- ber of proposed algorithms has exploded 1. -
2007 Annual Report APS
American Physical Society APS 2007 Annual Report APS The AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY strives to: Be the leading voice for physics and an authoritative source of physics information for the advancement of physics and the benefit of humanity; Collaborate with national scientific societies for the advancement of science, science education, and the science community; Cooperate with international physics societies to promote physics, to support physicists worldwide, and to foster international collaboration; Have an active, engaged, and diverse membership, and support the activities of its units and members. Cover photos: Top: Complementary effect in flowing grains that spontaneously separate similar and well-mixed grains into two charged streams of demixed grains (Troy Shinbrot, Keirnan LaMarche and Ben Glass). Middle: Face-on view of a simulation of Weibel turbulence from intense laser-plasma interactions. (T. Haugbolle and C. Hededal, Niels Bohr Institute). Bottom: A scanning microscope image of platinum-lace nanoballs; liposomes aggregate, providing a foamlike template for a platinum sheet to grow (DOE and Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM). Text paper is 50% sugar cane bagasse pulp, 50% recycled fiber, including 30% post consumer fiber, elemental chlorine free. Cover paper is 50% recycled, including 15% post consumer fiber, elemental chlorine free. Annual Report Design: Leanne Poteet/APS/2008 Charts: Krystal Ferguson/APS/2008 ast year, 2007, started out as a very good year for both the American Physical Society and American physics. APS’ journals and meetings showed solidly growing impact, sales, and attendance — with a good mixture Lof US and foreign contributions. In US research, especially rapid growth was seen in biophysics, optics, as- trophysics, fundamental quantum physics and several other areas. -
Joseph A. Rudnick February 11, 2021, 12:00Pm-13:00Pm (EST)
History of RSB Interview: Joseph A. Rudnick February 11, 2021, 12:00pm-13:00pm (EST). Final revision: April 19, 2021 Interviewers: Patrick Charbonneau, Duke University, [email protected] Francesco Zamponi, ENS-Paris Location: Over Zoom, from Prof. Rudnick’s home in Los Angeles, California, USA. How to cite: P. Charbonneau, History of RSB Interview: Joseph A. Rudnick, transcript of an oral history conducted 2021 by Patrick Charbonneau and Francesco Zamponi, History of RSB Project, CAPHÉS, École normale supérieure, Paris, 2021, 13 p. https://doi.org/10.34847/nkl.ed19y09o PC: Good morning, Prof. Rudnick. As we mentioned ahead of time, the purpose of this interview is to discuss the period during which replica symmetry breaking was developed, roughly from 1975 to 1995. To get us to that, there are a few questions on background that we would like to bring up. In your contribution to the Walter Kohn festschrift, you described how and why you chose to become a theoretical physicist1. Given that your father was himself a physicist2, was it even an option for you not to become a physicist? JR: [0:00:41] That's a very good question. Certainly, if I had discovered I was no good at it, I wouldn’t have done it. There was this strong feeling: physics was almost a religion in my family. In fact, my brother once commented that I was the one who went into the family business. I actually remember that… I envy people who went into physics because they were so drawn to the subject. For me, there was a very strong feeling that, not that it was expected of me, but that it was a way of fulfilling some kind of destiny, or I don't know what. -
Physics in the Time of Coronavirus
Harvard University Department of Physics Newsletter FALL 2020 Physics In The Time Of Coronavirus also in this issue: Radioastronomy’s First Spectral Line John Doyle: Trapping and Cooling Molecules Christopher Stubbs: A Dean for All Seasons Cora Dvorkin: Digging into the History of the Cosmos A Tribute to Carol Davis ON THE COVER: The Department Hundreds of boxes CONTENTS of lab kits are ready Today: for shipment at the Instructional Physics Labs Letter from the Chair ....................................................................................................................2 Inset: Lab kit for Physics 16 176 FACULTY HIGHLIGHTS Undergraduate concentrators Promotions and New Faculty......................................................................................................3 Faculty Prizes, Awards, and Acknowledgments ......................................................................6 Books by Faculty ...........................................................................................................................7 248 COVER STORY Graduate students Physics in the Time of Coronavirus .............................................................................................8 78 HISTORICAL FOCUS Radioastronomy’s First Spectral Line: A Glimpse of the Handiwork of Creation ..............14 Postdoctoral fellows FEATURED 125 -RKQ'R\OH7UDSSLQJDQG&RROLQJ0ROHFXOHVDVD3DWKWR6FLHQWLÀF$GYDQFHPHQW .....20 Christopher Stubbs: A Dean for All Seasons ...........................................................................27 -
X 5 Quantum Computing with Semiconductor Quantum Dots
X 5 Quantum Computing with Semiconductor Quantum Dots Carola Meyer Institut fur¨ Festkorperforschung¨ (IFF-9) Forschungszentrum Julich¨ GmbH Contents 1 Introduction 2 2 The ”Loss-DiVincenzo” proposal 2 3 Read-out of a single electron spin 3 3.1 Single shot read-out . 4 3.2 Singlet-Triplet read-out . 7 4 Manipulation of electron spins 8 4.1 Singlep spin rotation . 9 4.2 The SW AP operation . 10 5 Relaxation mechanisms 14 5.1 Spin-energy relaxation . 15 5.2 Dephasing and decoherence . 18 6 Summary and outlook 20 X5.2 Carola Meyer 1 Introduction Quantum dots can be used to confine single electrons as discussed by M. Wegewijs in the lecture ”Spin and Transport in Quantum Dots”. The quantum computing concepts based on quantum dots can be subdivided in two main branches: optical concepts and electrical concepts. In most of the optical concepts, the two level system representing the quantum bit (qubit) consists of exciton states. These are manipulated using polarized light. In electrical concepts, the spin states of electrons are used as qubit and manipulation can be done all-electrically. This contribution will concentrate on spin states of electrons for quantum information focusing on the most important electrical concept known as ”Loss-DiVincenzo proposal” [1]. It has been shown experimentally for this proposal that all of the ”DiVincenzo criteria” (for a general intro- duction into Quantum Computing see lecture ”Fundamental Concepts of Quantum Information Processing” by T. Schapers)¨ can be met as we shall see in the following. 2 The ”Loss-DiVincenzo” proposal A few years after the first implementation of the CNOT quantum gate using hyperfine and vibrational states of a 9Be+ ion in an ion trap as qubits [2], a row of proposals for a solid state quantum computer appeared, based on cooper pairs [3], nuclear spins in silicon [4], and last but not least electron spins in GaAs quantum dots [1].