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2005 Annual Report American Physical Society

APS 20052 APS OFFICERS 2006 APS OFFICERS

PRESIDENT: PRESIDENT: Marvin L. Cohen John J. Hopfield University of , Berkeley

PRESIDENT ELECT: PRESIDENT ELECT: John N. Bahcall Leo P. Kadanoff Institue for Advanced Study, Princeton University of

VICE PRESIDENT: VICE PRESIDENT: John J. Hopfield Princeton University

PAST PRESIDENT: PAST PRESIDENT: Helen R. Quinn Marvin L. Cohen Stanford University, (SLAC) University of California, Berkeley

EXECUTIVE OFFICER: EXECUTIVE OFFICER: Judy R. Franz Judy R. Franz University of Alabama, Huntsville University of Alabama, Huntsville

TREASURER: TREASURER: Thomas McIlrath Thomas McIlrath University of (Emeritus) University of Maryland (Emeritus)

EDITOR-IN-CHIEF: EDITOR-IN-CHIEF: Martin Blume Martin Blume Brookhaven National Laboratory (Emeritus) Brookhaven National Laboratory (Emeritus)

PHOTO CREDITS: Cover (l-r): 1Diffraction patterns of a GaN quantum dot particle—UCLA; Spring-8/Riken, Japan; Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lab, SLAC & UC Davis, Phys. Rev. Lett. 95 085503 (2005) 2TESLA 9-cell 1.3 GHz SRF cavities from ACCEL Corp. in Germany for ILC. (Courtesy Fermilab Visual Media Service 3G0 detector studying strange in the —Jefferson Lab 4Sections of a resistive magnet (Florida-Bitter magnet) from NHMFL at Talahassee LETTER FROM THE PRESIDENT APS IN 2005 3

2005 was a very special year for the community and the American Physical Society. Declared the World Year of Physics by the , the year provided a unique opportunity for the international physics community to reach out to the general public while celebrating the centennial of Einstein’s “miraculous year.” The year started with an international Launching Conference in , France that brought together more than 500 students from around the world to interact with leading . I was very pleased to be part of this and see the students’ enthusiasm for physics.

During the year APS organized and ran four major programs (see the section on World Year of Physics), including the popular PhysicsQuest, in which middle school students competed to fi nd Einstein’s hidden treasure. APS also coordinated more than 600 lo- cal events in the US. After attending international meetings in Bern, Switzerland, and , China, my World Year of Physics activities ended with the World Conference on Physics and Sustainable Development in Durban, South Africa. Many both within APS and internationally will continue into 2006 and beyond.

For APS, 2005 was a special year in other ways too. I am happy to report that APS is a growing organization, both in the size of its membership, which reached an all-time high of 45,519 by the end of the year, and in the range of its activities. One APS activity in particular, the March Meeting, has been expanding very rapidly in the last few years and had more than 6500 participants in 2005. APS research journals continued their long-term growth as well, with manuscript submissions increasing at a 6% rate in 2005.

Another area of increased activity in 2005 was the effort to communicate the importance of physics to Washington policy makers. In February, the Task Force on the Future of American Innovation, in which APS played a key role, released a report with quantitative benchmarks, which was circulated widely and made a deep impression on everyone who read it. This report, together with a National Academy Report, Rising Above The Gathering Storm, had a major effect by the end of the year, and the funding situation for physics looks much brighter for 2006 than it did in 2005. As part of an effort to better identify the “Physical” in APS with “Physics” for non-physicists, APS developed a new logo with “Physics” as its main element.

The major APS program continues in its effort to address the signifi cant shortage of physics and physical sci- ence K-12 teachers. This , the Physics Teacher Education Coalition or PhysTEC, which is being carried out in partnership with our sister organizations AAPT and AIP, now has two thrusts; one to evaluate a model of aggressively increasing the number of highly qualifi ed physics and physical teachers through a comprehensive teacher prepa- ration program, and another to build a growing national coalition of physics departments that are deeply committed to the education of future teachers and that will share best practices in this critical area.

Despite tight funding in 2005, the physics community continued to produce exciting results across the full range of phys- ics. Examples included results from RHIC indicating that the early universe may have been composed of a liquid of strongly interacting quarks and gluons, strong evidence for superfl uid behavior in solid and in an ultracold gas of atoms, and a new record for high-speed switching using magnetic random access memory. The contributions of our community in both basic and applied physics are huge. APS will continue to encourage, enhance, and highlight these many contributions.

Marvin Cohen APS 2005 President 4 RESEARCH PUBLICATIONS

of Modern Physics stepped down at the end Research Publications of 2005 and was replaced by Achim Richter of the Technische Universität, Darmstadt. Bernd Submissions to the journals Crasemann of Physical Review A also retired rose 5.7% in 2005; in fact, for the first time each and Gordon Drake of the University of Wind- month’s submissions were above every previ- sor succeeded him. Given the predominantly ous month. The data also show a welcome international nature of submissions and sub- damping of the peaks and plunges that have scribers, having two new senior editors located characterized submissions in previous years. outside of the US is most appropriate. Rising submissions have again been met with better tools, increased efficiency and remark- The Editor-in-Chief continued his engagement able productivity. Some attrition, coupled with in the publishing community’s discussion and retraining of remaining employees, has en- definition of open access. There is growing abled the office to avoid layoffs and retain the understanding that open access is simply an corps of dedicated staff support people. In alternative business model and not a moral mid-November of 2005 the electronic editorial imperative. Another open access journal was process and the queuing and tasking , added to the Physical Review Special Topics (known as Prism and Q-Track, respectively) fi- series in 2005. This one, in the field of Phys- nally permitted the abandonment of the old pa- ics Education Research, is edited by Robert per-folder-based system, a notable milestone Beichner of North Carolina State University and that had been sought for a decade. Folder-free will be funded primarily by fees from authors or Superradiant Rayleigh at last! Scattering, Bose-Ein- their institutions. stein condensate, Andre APS journals have been available online around Schirotzek, Massachusetts In spring of 2005 the APS Editor-in-Chief and Institute of Technology the clock to subscribers worldwide for nearly Treasurer traveled to Japan and China to meet ten years. Similarly, the new electronic edito- with subscription agents and publishing part- rial permit our editors to work from al- ners, and also to make presentations to au- most anywhere, be it a coffee shop in Athens, thors and librarians at several institutions in the an internet equipped jetliner, or a Long Island region. With 20% of submissions now coming kitchen during a snowstorm. Redundant pow- from China and very large institutional sub- er supplies, reliable vendors, off-site backups, scribers located in Japan, the two officers were and vigilance on the part of the Journal Infor- eager to have direct discussion with these val- mation Systems Group all help to assure that ued colleagues. readers and editors will be able to access the journal systems when and where they please. The last ten years have seen a quiet revolu- Business continuity is a constant concern, with tion in the operation of the Editorial Office. The new measures developed to address points of facility and its systems have been greatly mod- vulnerability as these are identified. ernized, the management structure has been realigned, the staff has been expanded and Several young physicists with international is much better supported, and the operation backgrounds joined the lively and collegial ed- has a self-awareness that it lacked ten years itorial group last year. Editors originating from ago. At the same time, efficiencies have been Algeria, Bulgaria, China, Germany, Greece, achieved and costs are lower and very well India, Korea, the Netherlands, New Zealand, controlled. Sweden, Switzerland, the UK, and the US are now on staff. A new series of in-house collo- quia began and included discussions with two Scientific Meetings Nobel Laureates: and Philip Anderson. It was satisfying to note that work The annual March and April meetings in 2005 leading to the 2005 for Roy Glau- were again very successful. The March Meet- ber, John Hall, and Theodor Hänsch had ap- ing, held in Los Angeles, was the largest in peared in the Physical Review, as had been its history. More than 6,600 people attended the case for many previous prizewinners. the program, with more than 6,300 abstracts presented in invited, contributed and poster Two venerable editors have retired and have sessions. The total number of attendees in- left their journals in excellent positions and cluded 2,320 students and 1,280 international very good hands. George Bertsch of Reviews SCIENTIFIC MEETINGS 5 attendees. The student attendance represents to science research and education budgets, an increase of almost 20% compared to the White House policies in January seemed des- 2004 March Meeting held in Montreal. More tined to remain out of step with most APS posi- than 450 new members joined APS during tions and recommendations. The President’s the March Meeting registration process. Sev- budget request for Fiscal Year 2006 recom- eral special evening sessions were held: Para- mended cutbacks in many research programs, digm Shifts: Breakthroughs and Advances that reductions in support for , Shape our Field, and Einstein and Condensed adoption of energy policies that focused on Matter Physics were particularly well attended. fossil fuels, and implementation of weapons Nobel Laureate gave a pub- policies that raised red flags for non-prolifera- lic lecture entitled “The Nature of Discovery in tion regimes. Physics.” In February, the Task Force on the Future of The 2005 April Meeting held in Tampa attract- American Innovation—which the APS had ed more than 1,100 attendees. The Division of helped organize more than a year before with Particles and Fields held its divisional meeting Intel, the National Association of Manufactur- in conjunction with the April Meeting. The pro- ers, and ASTRA, among others—respond- gram consisted of approximately 200 invited ed by releasing a report that benchmarked talks and 700 contributed talks. The three ple- American R&D against global competitors. nary sessions, added to the program several The report (see www.futureofinnovation.org) Strong orientation effect in years ago, continue to be very well attended. noted that America’s primacy in high-tech in- + ionization of H2 by short, A special evening symposium was held entitled novation and trade was under growing chal- intense, high-frequency “, Particles, and Underground Labs: lenge from abroad, especially from Asia, and, light pulses, S. Selsto, M. Big Plans”, and Lawrence Krauss delivered a without changes in American policy, US eco- Forre, j.P. Hansen and l.B. Madsen Courtesy of public lecture on “Einstein’s Biggest Blunder: A nomic leadership could easily vanish within a Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 093002 Cosmic Mystery Story.” decade. (2005),

Throughout 2005 there were many other scien- The Benchmarks Report gained great curren- tific meetings sponsored by APS units, includ- cy on Capitol Hill and ultimately led to congres- ing the meetings of the Divisions of Nuclear sional action by Representative Frank R. Wolf Physics (DNP), Atomic, Molecular and Opti- (Virginia), Chairman of the House Appropria- cal Physics (DAMOP), Fluid Dynamics (DFD), tions Subcommittee for Science, State, Jus- Division of Physics (DPP), and many tice, Commerce and Related Agencies, and meetings sponsored by the Topical Groups Senators Lamar Alexander (Tennessee) and and Sections. Jeff Bingaman (New Mexico), the Chair and Ranking Member of the Senate Energy and The 2005 meetings were supported by a new Natural Resources Committee. Wolf directed Meetings Abstract Submission system, de- the Commerce Department to hold an Innova- signed with input from a multi-unit task force tion Summit that would bring industrial leaders assembled in late 2004. The flexibility allowed and Administration officials together for a one- by the new database-driven system facilitated day symposium aimed at developing new fed- adding several new features, including an eral competitiveness policies. Alexander and improved personal scheduler for meeting at- Bingaman called on the National Academies tendees and numerous new statistical reports to recommend policies to Congress that would to assist in sorting and planning the meetings. address the global challenge. The Invited Speakers Tracking System was also rewritten to improve efficiency and reduce In spite of all of the positive rhetoric from mem- errors. bers of Congress in both parties, the fight for research funding in the FY 2006 budget was a steep uphill battle, given the budgetary con- Public Affairs straints. Nonetheless, with extraordinary work by APS members, who sent more than 7,000 The calendar year 2005 opened with a series letters to Capitol Hill, 68 members of the Sen- of disappointments for APS in Washington, but ate signed a letter urging the Energy and Wa- it closed with a series of extraordinary suc- ter Appropriations Subcommittee to restore cesses. From energy and weapons programs 6 PUBLIC AFFAIRS

funding to the Department of Energy’s Office of mendations in the POPA report would be incor- Science. As the summer recess approached, porated into the Administration’s plans for the both the House and Senate appeared commit- Global Nuclear Energy Partnership (GNEP). ted to the DOE restorations, and the House was poised to add funding for the National Science A POPA-inspired report dating to December Foundation. On August 29, Katrina made land- 14, 2000, which called for the creation of a fall on the Louisiana coast, causing prior con- new Under Secretary to manage DOE civilian gressional budgetary commitments for DOE, research, also yielded fruit in 2005, when the NSF, and the National Institute for Standards President signed into law energy legislation and Technology to vanish overnight. The re- establishing the position of Under Secretary sulting FY 2006 appropriations bills were huge of Energy for Science. Raymond Orbach, the disappointments for science advocates. Director of DOE’s Office of Science, was nomi- nated for that position. However, on October 12, the National Acad- emies committee, chaired by Norman Augus- APS Public Affairs activities also involved part- tine, retired CEO of Lockheed-Martin, released nering with other scientific societies, including its report, Rising Above The Gathering Storm, the National Academy of Sciences, to address advocating increased funding for the physi- the issue of Intelligent Design. By year’s end, cal science research and education. The Wolf the coalition of 13 societies had raised more Summit was held on December 6. In the inter- than $100 thousand dollars for engaging a poll- Scanning tunneling vening weeks, House Democrats released their ing firm to assess public attitudes and provide microscopy image of an Innovation Agenda and gave it top priority. scientists with advice on how to communicate array of self-organising Pt their view on the subject effectively. nanowires on a germanium surface. The Pt nanowires In mid-December, a series of high-level meet- (yellow) have a cross- ings, orchestrated in part by the Task Force, section of only one atom, took place between White House officials, in- World Year of Physics are thousands of atoms dustrial leaders and several members of the long, kink free and virutally The World Year of Physics 2005 was an interna- defect free. The spacing Senate. By December 22, the Administration between the Pt nano- decided to make innovation and competitive- tional celebration of ’s “miracle wires is 1.6 nm. Dr. H.J.W. ness a centerpiece of the President’s domestic year” of 1905, in which he put forward the the- Zandvliet, MESA Research policy agenda. Research and education in the ory of special relativity, the idea of light quanta, Institute for Nanotechnol- and a quantitative explanation of Brownian ogy, University of Twente. physical sciences would be incorporated into Phys. Rev. Lett. 95 116801 the State of the Union Address, and major in- motion. APS spearheaded the WYP activities (2005) creases for DOE, NSF, and NIST would be part in the , in conjunction with the of the President’s budget request for FY 2007. American Association of Physics Teachers and At the same time, the Senate leadership also the American . One of the promised that innovation bills and funding for main goals was to stimulate WYP events local- the physical sciences would be a top priority ly throughout the country. More than 600 such during 2006. events were submitted to our Online Event Finder (www.physics2005.org ). Science research and education budgets were not the only items on the APS advocacy agen- In addition, working with funding from NSF, da in 2005. In 2005, the Panel on Public Affairs DOE and NIST, APS organized four core proj- (POPA) released a report on Nuclear Power and ects of its own: Proliferation Resistance that recommended strong federal emphasis on developing prolif- PhysicsQuest, a learning adventure for middle eration-resistant technologies to allow nuclear school (grades 6-9): This program was so pop- power to become a viable alternative energy ular with teachers and students that we were source. The POPA report, which was featured able to run it twice in 2005. Approximately in a Senate briefing and a House hearing, also 10,000 middle school classrooms participated noted that there was no need for the federal in this activity, in which students solved four government to rush into an immediate decision physics experiments to find the location of a on reprocessing spent reactor fuel until some fictitious treasure hidden by Albert Einstein. of the technical proliferation resistance issues The treasure was located on the grounds of the had been explored further. By year’s end, the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New DOE had given assurances that the recom- Jersey. In aggregate, 58% of the classes that WORLD YEAR OF PHYSICS 7 submitted results solved the mystery, and the Cohen to be a US ambassador for physics. He winners of the competition were chosen ran- represented the APS at the international WYP domly from the correct answers. kickoff conference in Paris in January, he co- hosted the APS/AAAS gala in Washington in Eratosthenes experiment, an activity for high February, he chaired a panel discussion at the school students (grades 9-12): More than 700 National Academies on NOVA’s show about classes throughout North America (including E=mc2 , and he led APS’s participation in the Canada and Mexico) participated in re-cre- World Conference on Physics and Sustainable ating Eratosthenes’s experiment to measure Development in Durban, South Africa in Octo- the circumference of the Earth. Classes at ber. approximately the same longitude but very different latitudes were paired up, and each Finally, the WYP saw the inauguration of the pair measured the angle of the sun (by com- APS historic sites initiative, in which a distin- paring the length of a meter stick to the length guished committee selected the first round of of its shadow) at local noon on the same day. important US historic physics sites. In 2005 Knowing the separation between the schools, plaques were presented to honor Franklin in these data could then be used to calculate the Philadelphia, Michelson and Morley in Cleve- Earth’s circumference. The combined answers land, and Compton in St. Louis. Plaques to from those that were submitted reflected only a honor Gibbs in New Haven and Rowland in 3% difference from the accepted value. will be presented in 2006, and the committee will announce its second round of Theoretical flow of elec- Einstein@Home, a distributed computing choices in 2006 as well. trons in a two-dimensional project for the public: Einstein@Home uses gas away from an electron source at the idle computer time to search for gravitational center. The same scatter- waves from asymmetrical spinning International Programs ing that produces diffusion stars, using data from the LIGO and GEO de- creates static branches of tectors. In 2005, approximately 160,000 users, As part of the celebration of the World Year electron flow. Eric Heller, . representing 162 different countries, signed up of Physics, the World Conference on Physics to participate in Einstein@Home. This project and Sustainable Development (WCPSD) was will continue analyzing data into 2006 and be- held in Durban, South Africa, from October 31 yond. to November 2, 2005. The WCPSD served as the first global forum to focus the physics com- Physics on the Road, a physics demonstration munity toward sustainable development goals program for schoolchildren of all ages and the and new mechanisms of cooperation toward public: Grants of $10,000 were awarded to 20 their achievement. Four themes were chosen colleges and universities, from among 39 ap- for the conference: Physics and Economic De- plicants. The physics on the road teams used velopment, Physics and Health, Energy and the funds to purchase new equipment, and for the Environment, and Physics Education. Over student presenters to travel to and from shows. 300 participants from nearly 90 developed and In some cases, the funds were even used to developing nations joined together to formulate secure new vehicles for the program. Together, action-oriented plans for each thematic area. these teams have performed physics demon- strations for thousands of people at schools, APS played a leadership role in organizing the shopping malls and other venues. WCPSD, helping to raise over $500,000 from more than 25 organizations. In large part, Throughout the World Year, the APS collabo- these funds were used to award travel grants rated with a number of local and national orga- to physicists from developing countries and nizations, including NASA, the National Acad- Eastern Europe. The WCPSD, cosponsored emy of Sciences, and the PBS science show by UNESCO, the International NOVA. In addition, in the fall of 2004, APS par- Center for Theoretical Physics (ICTP), the In- ticipated in the Discovery Channel’s “Young ternational Union of Pure and Applied Phys- Scientist Challenge”, whose main theme was ics (IUPAP), and the South African Institute physics in honor of the upcoming WYP. of Physics (SAIP), brought together over 300 senior physicists from the developed and de- The World Year of Physics also provided nu- veloping world. merous opportunities for APS President Marvin 8 INTERNATIONAL PROGRAMS

Another APS-sponsored event underscored After the devastating tsunami in Southeast the importance of international collaboration to Asia in December 2004, the APS sought ways graduate students. Leaders of the APS Forum to assist colleagues in that region. The Soci- on Graduate Student Affairs planned and host- ety obtained donations from APS members to ed the Canadian-American-Mexican Gradu- provide financial support that enabled science ate Student Conference (CAM2005) in August students in southern Sri Lanka to continue their 2005, in San Diego, CA. Jointly sponsored by studies. the American Physical Society, Canadian As- sociation of Physicists, and Sociedad Méxi- cana de Física, CAM2005 gave physics grad- Education and uate students from across North America: 1) an opportunity to attend a unique conference Outreach planned by and for them; 2) exposure to recent findings in the various subfields of physics; 3) a In 2005, efforts to improve the number and forum to address concerns particular to physi- quality of physics and physical science K-12 cists in the early stages of their careers; and 4) teachers continued to be APS’s most impor- an appreciation of the different experiences of tant educational effort. The project, called the physics students from North American coun- Physics Teacher Education Coalition (Phys- tries. (see http://cam2005.ps.uci.edu/) TEC) and carried out with the collaboration of the American Association of Physics Teachers (AAPT) and the American Institute of Physics “Spider” pattern of plasma This past year brought improvements in visa (AIP), was in its fourth year of a major grant emerging from nozzles, Dr. policy, with streamlined procedures that re- S. You, California Institute duced wait times for most scientists’ visas from from NSF. (see www.phystec.org) In 2005, five of Technology. Phys. Rev. university physics departments, with continu- Lett. 95, 045002 (2005) several months to approximately two weeks. In addition, US government policy changes al- ing funding under PhysTEC, tripled their pro- lowed for multiple entry visas for Chinese stu- duction of high school physics teachers from dents and scholars, as well as extended dura- an average of 1.1 to 3.3 per year. This in- tions of the mantis security clearances. Despite crease, if spread nationwide, can help answer these gains, the Society joined a group of 40 the dramatic shortage of qualified high school leading academic, science and engineering physics teachers—a shortage that can have a associations in signing a jointly developed re- profound impact on the discipline. port that underscored to the US government that “more work remains!” While noting prog- In order to give physics teacher education na- ress during the past year, the group made six tional visibility and a broad impetus, PhysTEC additional recommendations for new improve- has a second objective. This is to bring togeth- ments that emphasized the urgent need to dis- er a broad coalition of universities to advocate pel the “misperception that our country does for better teacher education and share best not welcome these international visitors.” practices. (see www.ptec.org) The coalition grew to 26 member institutions in 2005 and The APS, through its Forum on International held its first national conference on teacher Physics and Committee on International Sci- education in March 2005 at Ball State Univer- entific Affairs, established a new Travel Grant sity. The conference brought together national Award Program in 2005 to help fund collabo- leaders in physics teacher education, and fea- rations between US and developing country tured workshops that exposed attendees to scientists. The Travel Grant Program awards critical issues and provided direct experience up to $2000 toward travel expenses to support with innovative ideas that have been shown to international collaboration with developing improve teacher education. country physicists. Eight grants have already been awarded. In collaboration with AAPT and the American Astronomical Society (AAS), APS co-spon- th In 2005, APS made arrangements for its online sored the 10 annual New Faculty Workshop research journals to be freely available to most in November 2005 at the American Center for institutions in sub-Saharan Africa. Beginning Physics in College Park, MD. This workshop, in 2006, not-for-profit institutions located in eli- funded by the NSF, continues to reach out to a gible countries can register to gain online ac- large fraction (about one third!) of all new phys- cess to APS journals. ics and faculty across the country. EDUCATION AND OUTREACH 9

The workshop features nationally recognized com/results.php) In 2005, APS awarded the leaders in physics and astronomy education first M. Hildred Blewett Scholarship for Women research, presents practical examples of how in Physics to Rebecca Forrest of the University to implement research-tested pedagogical of Houston. The scholarship is designated for techniques, and offers help with skills such as women who, for family or other reasons, have time management and actively engaging stu- had to give up doing research for a time, but dents in large lecture settings. would now like to resume their careers.

In 2005, the APS continues its efforts to col- This past year, APS awarded scholarships to 27 lect and disseminate web-based educational students as part of its annual APS Scholarship materials through a joint AAPT/AAS/AIP/APS Program for Minority Undergraduate Physics NSF-funded digital library project. (see www. Majors. They were selected by the APS Com- compadre.org). APS now directly manages mittee on Minorities from a large number of the goals and content of two web “portals” on excellent applicants. Knowing that mentoring informal science and teacher education, and is critical to the success of all students, and co-sponsors two others including a portal on often more so to under-represented groups, in physics education research. 2005 the Committee on Minorities dedicated itself to providing solid mentoring for the APS In 2005, APS organized two Teachers’ Days, minority scholars. The committee structured annual events at the APS March and April Meet- the communications between the students and ings, which involve local high school physics their physics department chairs, and members Diffraction patterns of a teachers in a day of research talks, hands-on of the Committee made contact with all of the GaN quantum dot particle workshops, and networking. Teachers’ Day at students. Additionally, each student was as- - UCLA; Spring-8/Riken, Japan; Stanford Synchro- the 2005 March Meeting in Los Angeles fea- signed a mentor at his or her institution with the tron Radiation Lab, SLAC & tured a wider array of workshops than ever be- assistance of the department chair. UC Davis, Phys. Rev. Lett. fore and was attended by 76 teachers. Teach- 95, 085503 (2005) ers’ Day at the 2005 April meeting in Tampa The APS online Career Center (careers.aps. hosted 44 teachers. org) continued to grow in registration by both job seekers and employers. In 2005, the ca- In 2005, the Task Force on Graduate Education reer center saw a 27% increase (over 1000 to- in Physics, a joint AAPT/APS effort, completed tal) in jobseekers registered through the APS and published its recommendations and find- website. Employer registration also increased ings (www.aapt.org/Resources/GradEdReport. by 27% to 144. The total number of jobs in the cfm). The main thrust of this effort was a sur- database from all portals in 2005 was 2897, vey, done with the assistance of the AIP, which making this one of the best places for physi- characterized programs, curricula and re- cists positions and seek employment. quirements. The task force found a significant similarity in programs throughout the country, and made a number of recommendations con- Membership cerning the education of physics graduate stu- dents including ethics education, monitoring of APS membership showed remarkable growth progress to degree, and communication skills in 2005. The official APS member count in- of graduate students. creased more than 2,000 members from the previous year, reaching an all-time high of In 2005, APS conducted the first of its NSF- 45,519. The growth in membership was spread funded professional skills development work- over almost all fields of physics, but the very shops for a total of 60 tenured women physi- successful annual meeting run by the Division cists at the March and April meetings. These of Fluid Dynamics caused a particularly large workshops emphasized communication and increase in this area. Much of the growth was negotiation skills. The Committee on the Sta- also in the student member category; APS now tus of Women in Physics (CSWP) offered uni- has over 10,000 active student members. versity physics departments the opportunity to post information about what they offer for wom- In 2005, APS was able to offer a new mem- en graduate students on the APS website. The ber benefit, a sizable discount on science and site now hosts more than 100 responses from technology books published by Elsevier. The physics departments. (see http://cswp.catlla. program will be reviewed in 2006 to see if ad- 10 PUBLIC INFORMATION

ditional publishers should be contacted about expanding the benefit. Prizes and Awards Every year APS bestows many prizes and The creation of an additional search capability awards, primarily for research accomplish- for the online member directory was added in ments in physics, but also for various forms of the summer of 2005. This allows search by a public service. In 2005, 21 individuals received member’s place of work (affiliation), something prizes and awards at the APS March Meet- that many members had requested. ing in Los Angeles; 13 were presented at the April Meeting in Tampa; and an additional 10 In 2005 APS carried out an extensive survey of at meetings of individual divisions and topical all of its student members. Results will be com- groups. Of this total, five were special awards piled and their implications will be discussed given for the best graduate student disserta- by the Committee on Membership. tions in specific fields. Public Information Efforts to raise funds for the new Award for Ex- cellence in Physics Education were very suc- The popularity of the APS website for the pub- cessful. At the end of 2005, $83,000 had been lic, PhysicsCentral (see www.physicscentral. raised towards the $100,000 target goal, and com) continued to grow in 2005, with millions the full goal was reached shortly thereafter. of hits logged each month. PhysicsCentral This award will recognize a group of individuals Floating drop, plus interfer- who have exhibited a sustained commitment to ence fringes of the air film is used as a resource in classrooms all over as observed when the drop the world. The site remains the top result in a excellence in physics education. In addition, is lit from the top, E. Fort, Google search on the term “physics”. Through- a new award to recognize outstanding leader- ESPCI, France, Phys. Rev. ship and achievements of scientists in uphold- Lett. 94, 177801 (2005) out 2005, the PhysicsCentral homepage dis- played a large banner announcing the World ing human rights, the Andrei Sakharov Award, Year of Physics to all of its users and directing became fully funded and will be awarded for them to WYP2005 information. the first time in 2006.

To increase coverage of physics in the popu- lar media, and to help science journalists keep informed of the latest physics news, the APS Finances

fields inquiries from members of the media, The accompanying two tables and charts sum- assists APS members interacting with media, marize the financial operations of the Society and produces and distributes press releases as of December 31, 2005. The financial posi- relating to important physics news and poli- tion of the Society on December 31 is summa- cies. Items identified in 2005 Tip Sheets, which rized for 2004 and 2005 in the Statement Of APS distributes to the press to point out items Financial Position. The financial activities of the of broad interest in APS journals, were regu- various components of the Society are summa- larly covered in the Times, Washing- rized in the Statement Of Activities. The 2005 ton Post, Wall Street Journal, USA Today and numbers cover the 12 months from January 1, Associated Press as well as on radio. Science 2005 to December 31, 2005. News magazine identified a paper about time

travel, which had appeared in Physical Review A different presentation of the financial activi- Letters and was promoted to the magazine’s ties of the Society is through the accompany- editorial staff through APS Tip Sheets, as one ing bar chart covering the FY05 Operating of the top ten most interesting science stories Revenues And Expenses and a pie chart of of the year. As in previous years, a significant the FY05 Statement Of Activities showing the fraction of physics research coverage in 2005 distribution of revenue and expenses between (5-10%) was directly attributable to the coordi- different Society activities. nated activities of APS Media Relations, APS’s Physical Review Focus, and AIP Media and Government Relations. At the end of the fiscal year 2005, the total as- sets of the American Physical Society were $111.7M, up from $106.5M a year before. The Society’s liabilities were $30.2M, down from FINANCES 11

$31.9M the previous year. Net assets at the income from investments to augment contribu- end of fiscal year 2005 were $81.4M com- tions from members in support of the Society’s pared with $74.6M at the end of 2004. Net programs, while the remaining portion of this assets include $9.4M in restricted net assets income is reinvested to allow reserves to grow and $72.1M in unrestricted net assets. The with inflation. restricted net assets are monies intended for prizes and awards and for the programs of the A Business Continuity Plan (BCP) is in place for current capital campaign. The unrestricted both the College Park/Washington office and net assets are the Society’s reserves, which the Ridge office. The purpose of the BCP is to may be used for any of the operations of the provide an action plan in the event of a disrup- Society. The Society’s reserves are primarily tion of normal operations because of natural or invested in equities and fixed income issues manmade events. The BCP includes contact to provide income to the Society. During 2005 names, checklists of orderly procedures and these investments had a net income of $4.8M. plans for off-site operations if necessary. The The budget of the Society is constructed to BCP is updated annually and a report on its allow, on average over time, a portion of the status is made to the audit committee.

APS operating revenue and expenses (Fiscal year 2005)

Millions of dollars Revenues Expenses $50 Net: 1.8 A collision has spawned a $44.1 meson from the effect of a $42.3 fast electron approaching a proton and neutron, each 40 Net: 5.1 containing three quarks. $34.0 Jefferson Lab.

30 $28.9

20

10 Net: 0.5 Net: -0.1 Net: -2.4 $4.5 Net: -1.4 $4.0 $3.5 $3.3 $3.4 $2.1 $2.0 $0.6 0.0 Research Scientific Membership Public Affairs General Administarion Total Publications Meetings Operations and Programs Fundraising

APS statement of activities (Fiscal year 2005)

Research Scientific Membership Public Affairs General Administration Publications Meetings Operations and Prorgams and Programs

Revenues Expenses $34,022,589 $622,130 $28,887,220 $1,977,287 77.2% 1.4% 68.4% 4.7%

$2,128,542 $4,521,439 4.8% $3,972,180 $3,452,460 10.7% 9.0% 8.2% $3,347,169 $3,424,322 7.6% 8.1% 12 FINANCES

Statement of Financial Position As of December 31, 2004 and 2005

Assets 2005 2004

Cash and cash equivalents $ 15,264,547 15,220,741 Investments, at fair value 82,198,855 77,476,419 Accounts receivable: American Institute of Physics 6,715,387 5,700,479 Other, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $310,000 and $151,000 986,021 662,102 Bequest receivable 983,336 1,406,889 Pledges receivable, net 430,769 748,758 Prepaid expenses and other assets 518,159 406,459 Land, building and equipment, net 4,144,619 4,407,489 Beneficial interest in perpetual trust 433,080 428,649

Total assets $ 111,674,773 106,457,985 Wispy nitrogen plasma illustrates the twisted toroidal shape of magnetic fields surrounding coils in a Liabilities and Net Assets plasma chamber—T. Ped- erson, Liabilities: Accounts payable $ 1,943,906 1,889,700 Deferred revenues: Publications 17,393,576 20,142,290 Membership dues 2,447,175 2,393,388 Other 131,978 186,560 Liability for post-retirement medical benefits 8,331,263 7,250,581

Total liabilities 30,247,898 31,862,519

Net Assets: Unrestricted 72,050,165 65,420,730 Temporarily restricted 7,330,553 7,264,574 Permanently restricted 2,046,156 1,910,162 Total net assets 81,426,874 74,595,466

Total liabilities and net assets $ 111,674,772 106,457,985 FINANCES 13

Statement of Activities For the Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2005 and 2004

Changes in Unrestricted Net Assets: 2005 2004

Revenues: Research publications 34,022,589 34,314,725 Scientific meetings 3,972,180 3,284,793 Membership operations 3,347,169 3,141,064 Public affairs and programs 2,128,542 1,378,802 Net assets released from restrictions 622,130 451,128 44,092,610 42,570,512

Expenses: Research publications 28,887,220 29,506,624 Scientific meetings 3,452,460 3,344,560 Membership operations 3,424,322 3,447,376 Public affairs and programs 4,521,439 3,615,304 Fundraising 373,701 360,700 General and administrative 981,456 888,891 Infrared image of new- Prizes and related costs 622,130 451,128 born stars in a dust cloud, NASA/JPL-Caltech/G. Mel- 42,262,728 41,614,583 nich, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics

Income from Operations 1,829,882 955,929

Non-operating activities: Income from investments 2,746,920 2,083,152 Net unrealized and realized gains on long-term investments 2,052,633 4,807,473 4,799,553 6,890,625

Increase in unrestricted net assets 6,629,435 7,846,554

Changes in Temporarily Restricted Net Assets:

Contributions 196,451 511,448 Income from investments 491,658 441,552 Net assets released from restrictions (622,130) (451,128)

Increase in temporarily restricted net assets 65,979 501,872

Changes in Permanently Restricted Net Assets:

Contributions 135,994 1,434,150

Increase in permanently restricted net assets 135,994 1,434,150

Increase in net assets 6,831,408 9,782,576 Net assets at beginning of year 74,595,466 64,812,890

Net assets at end of year 81,426,874 74,595,466 14

2005 Contributions and Gifts To APS

APS is fortunate to benefit from contributions from corporations, governmental agencies, national laboratories, foundations, and individuals. These gifts provide vital support to our many education, international, and public affairs programs. They also fund new and existing prizes and awards of the Society. During 2005, APS members gave an impressive $300,000 in annual gifts in conjunction with their membership renewal or at year-end.

Funds raised thus far in the 21st Century Campaign are being used to provide substantial support for key APS science education programs with fund raising continuing to seek additional support for these initiatives. Our prizes and awards benefited from fund raising led by hard-working unit volunteers and the generous gifts of donors. Most noteworthy in 2005 was the completion of the fund raising campaign for the new Andrei Sakharov Prize as well as intensive fund raising activity for the new Excellence in Education Award. These prizes will be awarded for the first time in 2006 and 2007 respectively. The Development office also raised substantial funds in support of the 2005 World Year of Physics gala and its education and outreach activities. In addition, we are grateful for public sector grants that allow us to conduct signature programs such as the Physics Teacher Education Coalition (PhysTEC) which is improving the education of future physics and physi- cal science teachers. In the area of planned giving, the first recipient of the M. Hildred Blewett Scholarship for Women in Physics was chosen. This endowed scholarship program was established through a most generous bequest from M. Hildred Blewett. APS encourages and recognizes bequests in support of its programs through its recently established Bequest Society.

We are pleased to provide special recognition to major donors to the Society during 2005 by including their names in this Annual Report and on the APS Fund Raising Website. We would also like to extend our thanks to past contributors to other major APS initiatives.

Corporations for Elementary Research Association Energy Foundation The Beacon Group Defense Advanced Rsearch TRIUMF GE Foundation Cadmus Communications Projects Agency (DARPA) UNESCO George E. Crouch Foundation Coherent, Inc. Deutsches Elektronen- University of Heineman Foundation Elsevier Synchrotron (DESY) Universities Research Heinz Family Foundation Energy Conversion Devices, Department of Energy (DOE) Association Intel Foundation Inc. European Organization for Foundation General Atomics Nuclear Research (CERN) National Labs Richard Lounsbery Foundation Company Fund for the Improvement of Argonne National Laboratory John D. & Catherine T. GE R&D Center Postsecondary Education of Brookhaven National MacArthur Foundation Herbert V. Friedman, Inc the Department of Education Laboratory The Noyce Foundation Herbert L. Jamison & Co. LLC (FIPSE) Fermi National Acceleratory Research Corporation IBM Corporation International Union of Pure and Laboratory Keithley Instruments, Inc. Applied Physics (IUPAP) Lawrence Berkeley National Prize & Award and other Lucent Technologies Journal of Computational Laboratory Endowments NEC Corporation Physics, published by Elsevier Los Alamos National Charlotte Anderson Physics Academic Software National Institutes of Health Laboratory Jean Dickey Apker Spectra-Physics, Inc. (NIH) Oak Ridge National Laboratory Esther Hoffman Beller Verizon (formerly GTE) National Institute of Standards Stanford Linear Accelerator M. Hildred Blewett Vernier Software & Technologies (NIST) Center Russell & Marian Donnelly WebAssign National Science Foundation Thomas Jefferson National Beatrice Lilienfeld Xerox Corporation (NSF) Accelerator Facility Ruth Marshak Office of Naval Research George E. Valley, Jr. Governmental Agencies & (ONR) Foundations Family and Friends of J.J. other Organizations Open Society Institute Abbott Laboratories Fund Sakurai American Chemical Society Physics of Fluids, AIP Applied Materials Foundation Family and Friends of (ACS) Polymer, Elsevier Alfred P. Sloan Foundation Mitsuyoshi Tanaka American Institute of Physics Solid State Communications, Burroughs Wellcome Fund APS Units, Family, Friends & (AIP) Elsevier David & Lucile Packard Colleagues Laboratory Southeastern Universities Foundation 15

Individual Donors Individual Donors Individual Donors J King Individuals who contributed Individuals who contributed Individuals who contributed L Kisslinger $1,000 or more in 2005 $500-$999 or more in 2005 $250-$499 in 2005 Miles Klein (including gifts & pledges to (including gifts & pledges to (including gifts & pledges to P F Koehler the 21st Century Campaign) the 21st Century Campaign) the 21st Century Campaign) Rikio Konno Kitazaki Kuniaki Anonymous (5) Anonymous (2) Anonymous (3) Kenneth & Priscilla Laws George Alers Boris Altshuler Stephen Adler D Lehman John & Elizabeth Armstrong William & Marge Bardeen Renate Albat Anthony Leonard Mark Baumback Adam Berman Orlando Alvarez Chun Lin Herbert Berk Alan Chodos Konrad Aniol Robert Lourie Martin Blume Eugene Chudnovsky George Arnold Stanley Mandelstam Norton Bretz Paula Deitz John Baum Joseph Mantil William Brinkman Families Madig & Pundik Ali Belkacem Michael Mauel Robert Brown John David Fox Mario Belloni, III Robert Maurer Philip Bucksbaum Hans Frauenfelder J Birman Robert Mercer Donald Cobb H.W. Furumoto Spencer Buckner Earl Mitchell Marvin Cohen JD Garcia Sudip Chakravarty Ichiro Miyagawa Bunny Clark Edward Gerjuoy Chia-Rong Ernest Moniz Beth Cunningham Henry H Chun Paul Muller L. Craig Davis Jerry Gollub Edward Chupp A Nathan E. Dan Dahlberg Kurt Gottfried Lynn Cominsky James Neff Bahman Hafizi H Crane Brian Nelson Helen & Donald Edwards Luisa Hansen Peter Czipott Herbert Nelson Judy & Frank Franz Richard Hazeltine R. Paul Drake Jon Opsal Herbert Friedman Ernest Henley Robert Druet Douglas Osheroff Kenneth Friedman Natalie A.W. Holzwarth Loyal Durand Charles Parmenter A. A. Garren Marc Kastner Pedro Echenique Wesley Petersen Maurice Goldberger Jin-Soo Kim Vernon Ehlers Stephen Pordes Jerry Gollub George Knorr Alexander Fetter Edward Redish Joseph Hamilton Kuniharu Kobodera Zachary Fisk Thomas Rognlien Arthur Hebard Alan Krisch Val Fitch Anne Kernan James Leckband T. Kenneth Fowler Randal Ruchti George Knorr Joshua & Marguerite Hiizu Fujita Rudy Ruggles Gloria Lubkin Lederberg Carl Gagliardi John Russell Thomas & Valerie McIlrath Leon M. Lederman Juan Gallardo Takayuki Sakurai Toney & Mali Minter Christoph Leemann Donald Geesaman Stephen Schiff Gordon E. Moore Akiyasu Makishima Lawrence Gibbons Roy Schwitters Margaret Murnane Harold Metcalf Forrest Gilmore David Seiler Mark Nelkin Peter Daniel Meyers Leonid Glazman Paul Shepard Margaret McMahan Norris Margaret Murnane Marvin Goldberger Bruce Sherwood John Peoples William Nevins Christopher Gould Thomas Simonen Nino Pereira Nino R. Pereira Zbigniew Grabowski Andris Skuja John Peoples Roderick Grant Edward C Stone Helen Quinn Jeremiah Sullivan Robert Resnick Robert Resnick Marianne Hamm Pamela & Barrett Ripin Robert Hamm Laurance Suter John Risley Laura Smoliar Luisa Hansen B Suydam David Rockefeller Alvin Tollestrup Judith Harte Smio Tani Dan Via James Erik Hendrickson Janet Tate Brian Schwartz Steven Robert White Doris Teplitz Jin-Joo Song William Wootters Roger Hess Stephen Tether Walter Smith Ellen Yorke Carlos Hojvat Stephen Thornton James Stith E Jossem Timothy Trucano Aleksandar Svager Malvin Kalos James Vary Keith Symon Tetsuo Kaneko W Warren Virginia Trimble Allan Kaufman Christine Wood James Vary William Keller Bruce Worster Paul Zitzewitz Young Kim Robert Young 16

Individual Donors Louis Bloomfield Helmut Claus William Donaldson Individuals who contributed Mary Boas Arthur Clawson Elizabeth Dorland $100-$249 in 2005 Arnold Bodmer A Clogston Janis Dote (including gifts & pledges to Henry Bohm Morrel Cohen William Dove the 21st Century Campaign) Peter Bond Samuel Cohen Nancy & Ed Dowdy Massimo Boninsegni Andrew Cole Alex Dragt Anonymous (4) Paolo Bordone Lamar Coleman Gordon W Drake Kazuo Abe Theodore Bowen Lawrence Coleman James Drake Dan Abell Walton Boyer Lee Collins Lawrence Dries Christopher Adams Eric Braaten Jack Colwell Adam Drobot Lawrence Akers Thomas Braid Robert Compton Robert DuBois Moorad Alexanian Alan Brailsford Robert Conn Bernard Duchemin Gerald Alldredge John Brandenberger John Connell Gerald Dugan James Ambrose Bruce Brandt Esther Conwell Michel Duguay Raymond Ammar Clyde Bratton Benjamin Cooper W Dunlap Ansel Anderson Charles Brau Donald Correll Charles Dunn Charles Anderson Martin Breidenbach George Coulter Elizabeth Dussan Oren & Jennifer Anderson Frank Bridges Ernest Courant John Eades James Andrews John Bronzan Robert Cousins Philippe Eberhard Brian Annis Alan Bross George Cowan Thomas Eck Michael Arenton David Brown Gregory A Cowart Lewis Edelheit Joseph Argento Robert Brown James Cox Estia Eichten Kichizo Asai Ludwig Bruch David Crandall Theodore Einstein James Asay Betty Bruhns Patrick Crane Tracy Ellis Alfred Attard Hans Henrik Bruun Bernd Crasemann Robert Ely Luther Aull Robert Bucciferro Kenneth Crebbin Guy Emery Frank Avignone Richard Bukrey Michael Creutz Soren & Kirsten Engel Wesley Ayres Gerry Bunce Louis Creveling V Epa Dionys Baeriswyl Bruce Bunker Albert Crewe Kenneth Epstein John E Baglin Geoffrey Burbidge W. Lawrence Croft Dennis Erickson David Balamuth Joanne Burns Roger Crouch Glen Erickson Anders Barany Pierre Busquet Donald Curran Kazuyuki Etoh Fritz Bark Julius Cahn David Cutts Harold Eubank Lynn Barker Iver Cairns Peter Cziffra Robert Euwema Norman Barnett David Campbell Janis Dairiki Viktor Evtuhov Claire Bauche-Arnoult Federico Capasso Timothy Darling Edward Eyler Laura Bautz Corrado Cardarelli Anne Davenport Henry Fairbank Bret Beck J Carlson Jay Davis Joel Fajans Kevin Bedell Boyd Cary L Davis Chang-Yun Fan J Bednorz J Cathcart Milford (Bill) Davis L Farrow James Beene Peter Catto Richard Davis James Faulkner Nicholas Begovich Mary Cavallaro William Davis David Fenner Norman Belecki Carlton Caves John De Groot Charles Ferguson Paul Bellan Peter Celliers Daniel Decker Patrick Ferguson Roger Bengtson Joseph Cerny Janice DeCosmo Thomas Ferguson Richard Benjamin Alison Chaiken James Degnan James Ferrick Paul Chaikin Walt Deheer John Ferron Beverly Berger Colston Chandler Marten Den Boer Walker Fillius Stanley Berger Lay Nam Chang Jacques Denavit Alexander Firestone Otto Bergmann Kelly Chappell Jones Grant Denn George Fishman Abraham Berlad Chellis Chasman Yaroslav Derbenev William Fogle Sheldon & Susan Berman Francis Chen Richard Diamond E Fortson Warren Berning William Dibble Ann Foster Lee Berry I-Hung Chiang Charles Dickerman Thomas Foster Alberto Berzolari Shirley Chiang Duane Dicus W Fowler Sabyasachi Bhattacharya Leo M Chirovsky Robert Diebold John Fox George Bing Alan Chodos Michael Dine Eduardo Fradkin Robert Birkmire Robert Christy Dan D’Ippolito William Frazer John Bjorkstam David Church W Ditzler Stuart Freedman Robert Blankenship David Clark H Dixon Robert Friauf Jessica Clark Roger Dixon Lazar Friedland Arnold Bloom John Clark John Domingo Daniel Friedman 17

Joshua Frieman Frederick D Haldane Klaus Huber Martin Klein Klaus Fritsch Maclin Hall Stephen Hudgens John Klepeis J Fritz Robert Hall David Hudson James Knauer Robert Frosch Manuel Huerta J Knight James Fry P Hansen Thomas Hughes Randall Knight Glenn Frye J Hansteen Richard Hundley Richard Kofler Chris Fujiyoshi Katherine Harkay James Hurt Noemie Koller Harry Fulbright Gerald Harp I H Hutchinson Steven Koonin Wendy Fuller-Mora Frederick Harris Hiroshi Ichise Victor Korenman Robert Furber L Harris David Ignat Walter Koski Stephen Fuselier Michael Harrison Kenji Iijima James Kouvel Steven Gaal W Harrison Gerhard Ingold Morris Krauss Mary Gaillard Terry Harter Akira Inomata James Krebs Gregg Gallatin Thomas Harwood Tom Intrator Edward Gardner Masayuki Hasegawa Leslie Isaacs Sally Kroll R Garstang David Hasse Shigeru Isagawa John Kruger Samuel Gasster J Hastings Ralph Isler William Kumai Andrew Gavrin John Hastings Wayne Itano Gary Kyle C Gearhart Eastman Hatch Masao Iwamatsu Branka Ladanyi Peter Gehring M Hauser H Jackson Boris Laikhtman Elizabeth George Richard Hazeltine I Jacobs Frederick Lamb Bernd Gerlach Martha Hazen S Jaswal Walter Lamb James Gery Andrew Hazi Philip Johnson P Lambropoulos George Gidal Steve Heald C Jones Gerard Lander Sarah Gilbert L Hebel Michael Jones A Langdon Ronald Gilman Warren Heckrotte Thomas Jones Stephen Langer D Maurice Gilroy Alan Heeger G Joyce Rudolf Larsen George Ginther Dale Heikkinen F Kaempffer James Larson Joseph Giordmaine Scott Heinekamp Peter Kahn Barbara Lasinski Jonathan Gittleman Kenneth Heller Steven Kahn Thomas Lasinski Charles Glashausser Leon Heller Scott Kajihara R Lawrence Mark Glauser Kristian Helmerson Yujiro Kakudo Donald Lazarus Sharon Glendinning Girardeau Henderson George Kalbfleisch Valeri Lebedev Lucy & Randy Glover Steve Herb Hiroshi Kamimura Joel Lebowitz Michael Golde Jackson Herring John Kane Siu-Au Lee Alfred Goldhaber William Herrmannsfeldt Daniel Kaplan Roy Leigh Allen Goldman Robert Hershberger Tomokazu Kato Cecil Leith Paul Goldsmith Daryl Hess Richard Kautz E Lemar Jeffrey Goldstone Takekoshi Hidekuni Shunji Kawamoto Frieder Lenz Antonio & Linda Goncalves Kouichi Higashi Boris Kayser G Lepage Roland Good Bernard Hildebrand Lewis Keller Jeffrey Lerner Wilfred Good J Hillier Michael Kelley Harry Letaw Michael Goodman J Hirshfield Henry Kelly Barbara Levi Alfred Goshaw I Hisatsune James Kelly Arnold Levine Bernard Gottschalk David Hobill Kirby Kemper Judah Levine Harvey Gould M Hockaday J Kendall Joan Lewis Daniel Greenberger Ted Hodapp Charles Kennell Raymond Lewis Allan Hoffman William Kerr David Liberman R Greene Jonathan Hoffman N Khuri Zvie Liberman D Grether Gary Hogan Ray Kidder Hans Liepmann H Griem Wayne Holman Dae Kim Peter Limon Donald Griffin Richard Holmes Jin-Tae Kim Erick Lindman T Griswold Stephen Holmes Yong Kim Richard Linnell Milena Groblewski Higgins Roy Holt Yong Kim Ming-Kung Liou Donald Groom Gerard Honore Yong-Ki Kim Cole Litton Lester Guttman Tsuyoshi Horiguchi E Kinderman Bai-Xin Liu Robert Hackenburg Kazuhiko Horioka Charles King Keh-Fei Liu Willy Haeberli Wendell Horton Thomas King Stewart Loken Roger Hagengruber Timothy Houck T Kinoshita R Loker Sharon Hagopian Jack Houston William Kirchhoff Gabrielle Long Vasken Hagopian Ruth Howes Frances Lopata Robert Haight Alan Howsmon O Kistner Ramon Lopez 18

James Louck Philip Miller C Palmer John Rees Joseph Louderback John Milton Robert Palmer Linda Reichl Derek Lowenstein John Miskel W K Panofsky Beth Reid Michael Lubell John Mitchell William Reinhardt Tom Lubensky George Mitev Frederick Parker Howard Reiss Michael Lubin Kozo Miyake William Parkinson Leslie Reith Peter Lucas Ingar Moen George Parzen Ronald Rendell George Ludwig H Moffatt Arjendu Pattanayak Mary Reno Harry Lustig Gregory Mohler Peter Paul Glenn Reynolds Vera Luth David Moir Jerry Peacher Peter Reynolds John Luthe Erik Mollo-Christensen James Rhyne David Lynch Michael Mond Mark Pederson Aurino Ribeiro Filho Lahmer Lynds Stephen Montgomery Robert Peelle David Rice Joseph Macek Patricia Mooney Francis Perkins James Rice Douglas MacLaughlin F Mooring Roger Perkins Robert Richardson William Magee George Morales Arnold Perlmutter Robert Richardson Charles Maguire Charles Morehouse Dorothy Persson Edward Richley Bruce Mainsbridge Larry Morford Murray Peshkin Matthew Richter Ernest Malamud Toru Moriya Michael Peskin Steven Riedhauser Wallace Manheimer David Moroi Harry Peters A Rivolo M Brian Maple David Morrow Warner Peticolas Randy Roberts Dillon Mapother Robert Morse Wayne Pfeiffer R G Robertson John Marburger Steven Moss Arthur Phelps Lawrence Robins Giorgio Margaritondo Theodore Moustakas David Phillips Philip Roos Robert Markiewicz Alfred Msezane Jeff Phillips Kenneth Rose Alan Marshall George Mueller Julia Phillips Peter Rose Thomas Marshall Joe Mullins Thomas Phillips Carl Rosenfeld Paul Martin Nobuyuki Murai Jorge Piekarewicz Jonathan Rosner Ronald Martin Laurent Muschietti Steven Pieper J Rowe Ernest Martinelli Mark Nagumo James Pilcher Lawrence Rubin Philip Martzen Takeo Nakano James Pintar Morton Rubin Kuniaki Masai Hisao Nakkagawa Joseph Polchinski Robert Rubin George Masek Sumita Nandi Ray Pollock Clifford Rudy Peter Mason Albert Narath Way-Faung Pong Klaus Ruedenberg John Mather Shoichi Nasu John & Diane Rumble Howard Matis Joseph Natowitz Richard Post Anne Rumfelt Sadahiko Matsuyama Bogdan Nedelkoff John Poucher Georg Rupprecht M Keith Matzen David Newell James Prentice Michael May Yee Ng Richard Prepost Mel Sabella Frederick Mayer Christine Nichols John Preskill Viraht Sahni Kevin McCarty Paul Nielsen Lawrence Price Teijiro Saito Donald McClure Philip Nielsen Richard Price Myron Salamon Lillian C McDermott Hiroaki Nishimura Robert Price Brian Sales Mark McDermott Eric Norman Michael Prior Edwin Salpeter Frank McDonald Melvin Oakes Philip Pritchett T. Michael Sanders Ronald McFee Felix Obenshain Robert Prohaska Michael Santos Malcolm McGeoch John O’Brien Derek Pursey Michael Sarahan Jim McGuire Thomas O’Halloran Kedar Pyatt Peter & Leslie Sauerbrei Robert McKibben Akihiko Ohsaki Chris Quigg Kenneth Saunders Wayne McQuerry Hidetoshi Okada Richard & Pamela Quinn Etsuro Sawaguchi Thomas Mehlhorn Koji Okano Robert Rader David Saxon Robert Meier Antonio Olinto David Rahm Douglas Scalapino Paul H Meijer Tore Olsen John Raich Richard Scalettar Gregory Meisner Masatoshi Ono Richard Rairden Michael Schaffer William Oosterhuis Krishna Rajagopal Albert Schindler Sydney Meshkov A Opp Waldo Rall Dietrich Schinzel Jerry Meyer Grant O’Rielly Roland Schmitt Archie Miiller Sue & Tom Otwell Norman Ramsey Richard Schnee Karnig Mikaelian Satoshi Ozaki Robert Ray Jack Schneps Richard Milburn Norman Packard Robert Rediker Jonas Schultz Dan Miller Nely Padial-Collins Sidney Redner Michael Schulz G Miller Alan Palevsky Kent Reed 19

Richard Sciambi R Strombotne Patrick Warren Ellen Zweibel Richard Scribner Mark Strovink Isidore Warshawsky Wolf Seka Robert Sugar William Warters Raymond Seraydarian Harry Suhl Takeshi Watanabe Joseph Serene Robert Suter John Waters Frederick Serr Richard Sutherland George Watson Raymond Serway Paul Sutton James Weaver Robert Shafer Kazunari Suzuki David Webb Stephen Shafroth Robert Swanson Richard Webb Lu Sham Mary Ann Sweeney Monroe Wechsler Stephen Shapiro Harry Swinney Michael Weinert Stephen Shapiro Richard Swisher Robert Weinstock Rubby Sherr Abraham Szoke George Weiss Takaomi Shigehara G Taggart Mariana Weissman Fujio Shimizu Shuuji Takagi Harold Weitzner Koichi Shimoda Haruhiko Takase Jasper Welch Michael Shlesinger Hideaki Takayanagi David Wensky Frank Shoemaker Kunihide Tanaka Frank Werner Yoshihiko Shono David Tanner Robert Wheeler Magdi Shoucri Hiroshi Tatewaki John White Barbara Abraham Shrauner Haskell Taub Steven White Howard Shugart Lee Teng Mark Wiedenbeck James Siegrist Peter Thieberger Herman Wieder Charles Sinclair Bruce Thomas Chandralekha Singh Dan Thomas Howard Wieman Donald Smith Joseph Thomas Daniel Willard Farren Smith Arthur Thompson Raymond Willey Felix Smith John Thompson Paul Willis Harold Smith John Thompson Brenda Winnewisser Steven Smith Kenneth Thompson Dan Winske Wesley Smith John Thomsen Robert Wiringa J Snelgrove Michelle Thomsen Stanley Wojcicki Elias Snitzer D Thouless Stephen Wolbers Franklin Snyder Murray Tobak Albert Wolf Joshua Socolar Carl Tomizuka Raymond Wolfe Keith Solberg Philip Tomlinson Henry Wong George Soli Gilman Toombes Ching-Hung Woo Chas Sommerfield Louvan Wood Nicola Spaldin Michael Trinkala Lawrence Woolf Joel Spira James Tsang Paul Worden Richard Squire Robert Tycko Michael Wortis Stephen St John Henry Tye Gordon Wozniak John Stack James Tyler Byron Wright Frieda Stahl Arthur Uhlir Ralph Wuerker Raymond Stefanski Sergio Ulloa Perry Yaney Richard Steiner Sukekatsu Ushioda Kiyoshi Yatsu Edward Stephenson Yung-Tsai Yen Gerard Stephenson Jean-Francois Van Huele Sigfrid Yngvesson George Sterman David Vanderbilt James York Morton Sternheim Boyd Veal Koji Yoshimitsu H Stevens Oscar Vilches Linda Young Melbourne Stewart Theodore & Martha Violett Dave Youngblood Howard Stidham Tycho Von Rosenvinge David Yu Mark Stiles Paul Voytas Hyuk Yu Robert Stirton Richard Wachnik Lihua Yu Michael Stitelman Hugo Wahlquist Mori Yuzo Ian Stockdale Walter Wales Michael Zeller Truman Storvick Duane Wallace Bing Zhou James Strachan Thomas Walnut George Zimmerman Edward Strait Kevin Walter William Zimmermann James Strait Gwo-Ching Wang Harriet Zuckerman J Streetman Bennie Franklin Ward Bruno Zumino 20

APS

American Physical Society One Physics Ellipse College Park, Md 20740 www.aps.org

The logo for the World Year of Physics 2005. This logo was displayed on posters, on websites, various publications and even on the side of a building in Washington, DC.

“Since its introduction by the EPS, the World Year of Physics 2005 logo has been subject to divergent views regarding its interpreta- tion. To physicists it signifi es a light cone, while to the general public, most of whom have never heard of a light cone, it most frequently is seen as an hourglass, symbolizing Einstein’s profound insight into the relativity of time. The colors are probably merely decorative, but it has been suggested that, in the light cone interpretation, the future is blue because we are rushing toward it and hence it is blue-shifted, whereas we are moving away from the red-shifted past. No one has yet provided a convincing theory of the green and yellow colors of the diagonal members.” (APS News, October 2003)