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Final Report HORT/​2012/​003 12.49 MB -​ Final report project Building a resilient mango industry in Cambodia and Australia through improved production and supply chain practices project number HORT/2012/003 date published 1/06/2019 prepared by Mark Hickey co-authors/ Cameron McConchie, Brian Thistleton, Lucy Tran-Nguyen, Jeremy contributors/ Bright, Stephen Morris, Suzie Newman, Seng Vang, Heng Chhun Hy, collaborators Chuong Sophal, Som Bunna, Sambath Songthida, Hin Sarith, Kay Sathya, Chea Sareth, So Thavrith approved by NA final report number FR2019-71 ISBN 978-1-925747-47-8 published by ACIAR GPO Box 1571 Canberra ACT 2601 Australia This publication is published by ACIAR ABN 34 864 955 427. Care is taken to ensure the accuracy of the information contained in this publication. However ACIAR cannot accept responsibility for the accuracy or completeness of the information or opinions contained in the publication. You should make your own enquiries before making decisions concerning your interests. © Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR) 2019 - This work is copyright. Apart from any use as permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, no part may be reproduced by any process without prior written permission from ACIAR, GPO Box 1571, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia, [email protected]. Final report: Building a resilient mango industry in Cambodia and Australia through improved production and supply chain practices Contents 1 Acknowledgments .................................................................................... 3 2 Executive summary .................................................................................. 4 3 Background ............................................................................................... 7 4 Objectives ............................................................................................... 10 5 Methodology ........................................................................................... 11 6 Achievements against activities and outputs/milestones ................... 25 7 Key results and discussion ................................................................... 37 8 Impacts .................................................................................................... 81 8.1 Scientific impacts – now and in 5 years ............................................................................ 81 8.2 Capacity impacts – now and in 5 years ............................................................................ 82 8.3 Community impacts – now and in 5 years ........................................................................ 85 8.4 Communication and dissemination activities .................................................................... 87 9 Conclusions and recommendations ..................................................... 87 9.1 Conclusions ....................................................................................................................... 89 9.2 Recommendations ............................................................................................................ 89 10 References .............................................................................................. 91 10.1 References cited in report ................................................................................................. 91 10.2 List of publications produced by project ............................................................................ 91 11 Appendixes ............................................................................................. 93 11.1 Appendix 1 ........................................................................................................................ 93 11.2 Appendix 2 ......................................................................................................................... 94 11.3 Appendix 3 ......................................................................................................................... 95 11.4 Appendix 4 ........................................................................................................................ 109 11.5 Appendix 5 ........................................................................................................................ 111 11.6 Appendix 6 ......................................................................................................................... 124 11.7 Appendix 7 ........................................................................................................................ 131 11.8 Appendix 8 ......................................................................................................................... 134 11.9 Appendix 9 ........................................................................................................................ 137 Page ii Final report: Building a resilient mango industry in Cambodia and Australia through improved production and supply chain practices 1 Acknowledgments The authors would like to sincerely thank ACIAR and in particular Dr Richard Markham, Program Manager (Horticulture), for funding and support in carrying out this work. We would also like to thank the senior executive of the participating Australian agencies, NSW Department of Primary Industries (NSW DPI) and the Northern Territory Department of Primary Industries and Resources (NT DPIR) for supporting this project. Also to the Cambodian coordinators from the General Directorate of Agriculture (Mr Heng Chhun Hy), the Cambodian Agricultural Research and Development Institute (Dr Seng Vang) and the Royal University of Agriculture (Mr Chuong Sophal), and the Cambodian project team members for their enthusiastic and consistent participation in this project. 3 Final report: Building a resilient mango industry in Cambodia and Australia through improved production and supply chain practices 2 Executive summary The Cambodian mango industry has expanded rapidly with an estimated 65,250 ha of trees planted (MAFF 2016) in the last 10 years. Over 40% of Cambodia’s mango production occurs in Kompong Speu province, which is approximately 100kms southwest from Phnom Penh, strategically located along Road No 4 which links the capital to Cambodia’s major sea port of Sihanoukville. Mango is Cambodia’s major horticultural export product, with an estimated 139,000 tonnes of mainly green mangoes exported to Thailand, Vietnam and China in 2015/16 (Vinning, 2016). This “grey” export trade is difficult to measure as there are no official statistics gathered on cross border trade of mangoes. Returns to growers are poor, with average prices returned to Cambodian farmers by traders of between 1,500 and 2,000 riel/kg (around AUD $0.50). The major variety grown is Keo Romeat, which is highly sought after for not only the green mango market, but also the fresh mango trade. Small quantities of Keo Romeat are currently air- freighted to Europe, and buyers from countries such as South Korean are currently investing, or planning to invest in both farms and processing facilities, including Vapour Heat Treatment (VHT) plants In December 2016, the Royal Government of Cambodia (RGOC) signed an MOU with the government of South Korea to develop mango exports. Since then, private investment in the Cambodia mango industry by South Korean companies such as Hyundai have increased, re- enforcing the move towards export. Despite this confidence shown in the Keo Romeat variety and local farmers’ ability to produce export quality fruit, significant challenges still need to be overcome before successful exports of Cambodian mangoes can be realised. Some of these challenges include the absence of internationally recognised pest and disease lists, haphazard use of pesticides to control pests such as fruit fly, inconsistent fruit quality standards, poor crop nutrition and the absence of cool chain infrastructure and packaging facilities. Capacity building of the team in assembling internationally recognised pest and disease lists has been a focus. The aim of this training was to enable participants to develop accurate pest lists based on verified specimens held in recognised national collections to meet obligations under the World Trade Organisation Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS) Agreement. The workshops concentrated on specimen preparation and curation, long term storage, record keeping in databases, and diagnosis including verification by specialists. Training in use of DNA techniques for identification of pests and diseases was also conducted in November 2016 and March 2017. During these workshops, the molecular results from laboratory experiments conducted in November 2016 were discussed, including the molecular identification of Fusarium mangiferae, the fungus that causes mango malformation disease, a new disease record for Cambodia. NT DPIR is assisting with writing a scientific manuscript to report this new finding once the Cambodians approve for this information to be disseminated to the international scientific world. Training workshops on a range of other topics from pest and disease identification and management, crop growth measurements, crop nutrition, postharvest management and nursery management have equipped the team to conduct project research activities. 4 Final report: Building a resilient mango industry in Cambodia and Australia through improved production and supply chain practices A feature of the Cambodian mango industry is the widespread practice of producing two crops per year, otherwise known as double cropping. To achieve
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