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New Zealand's Genetic Diversity
1.13 NEW ZEALAND’S GENETIC DIVERSITY NEW ZEALAND’S GENETIC DIVERSITY Dennis P. Gordon National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Private Bag 14901, Kilbirnie, Wellington 6022, New Zealand ABSTRACT: The known genetic diversity represented by the New Zealand biota is reviewed and summarised, largely based on a recently published New Zealand inventory of biodiversity. All kingdoms and eukaryote phyla are covered, updated to refl ect the latest phylogenetic view of Eukaryota. The total known biota comprises a nominal 57 406 species (c. 48 640 described). Subtraction of the 4889 naturalised-alien species gives a biota of 52 517 native species. A minimum (the status of a number of the unnamed species is uncertain) of 27 380 (52%) of these species are endemic (cf. 26% for Fungi, 38% for all marine species, 46% for marine Animalia, 68% for all Animalia, 78% for vascular plants and 91% for terrestrial Animalia). In passing, examples are given both of the roles of the major taxa in providing ecosystem services and of the use of genetic resources in the New Zealand economy. Key words: Animalia, Chromista, freshwater, Fungi, genetic diversity, marine, New Zealand, Prokaryota, Protozoa, terrestrial. INTRODUCTION Article 10b of the CBD calls for signatories to ‘Adopt The original brief for this chapter was to review New Zealand’s measures relating to the use of biological resources [i.e. genetic genetic resources. The OECD defi nition of genetic resources resources] to avoid or minimize adverse impacts on biological is ‘genetic material of plants, animals or micro-organisms of diversity [e.g. genetic diversity]’ (my parentheses). -
The Halogenated Metabolism of Brown Algae
The Halogenated Metabolism of Brown Algae (Phaeophyta), Its Biological Importance and Its Environmental Significance Stéphane La Barre, Philippe Potin, Catherine Leblanc, Ludovic Delage To cite this version: Stéphane La Barre, Philippe Potin, Catherine Leblanc, Ludovic Delage. The Halogenated Metabolism of Brown Algae (Phaeophyta), Its Biological Importance and Its Environmental Significance. Marine drugs, MDPI, 2010, 8, pp.988. hal-00987044 HAL Id: hal-00987044 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00987044 Submitted on 5 May 2014 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Mar. Drugs 2010, 8, 988-1010; doi:10.3390/md8040988 OPEN ACCESS Marine Drugs ISSN 1660-3397 www.mdpi.com/journal/marinedrugs Review The Halogenated Metabolism of Brown Algae (Phaeophyta), Its Biological Importance and Its Environmental Significance Stéphane La Barre 1,2,*, Philippe Potin 1,2, Catherine Leblanc 1,2 and Ludovic Delage 1,2 1 Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, UMR 7139 Végétaux marins et Biomolécules, Station Biologique F-29682, Roscoff, France; E-Mails: [email protected] (P.P.); [email protected] (C.L.); [email protected] (L.D.) 2 CNRS, UMR 7139 Végétaux marins et Biomolécules, Station Biologique F-29682, Roscoff, France * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: [email protected]; Tel.: +33-298-292-361; Fax: +33-298-292-385. -
Gas Composition of Developing Pneumatocysts in Bull Kelp Nereocystis Luetkeana (Phaeophyceae)1
J. Phycol. 56, 1367–1372 (2020) © 2020 Phycological Society of America DOI: 10.1111/jpy.13037-19-219 NOTE GAS COMPOSITION OF DEVELOPING PNEUMATOCYSTS IN BULL KELP NEREOCYSTIS LUETKEANA (PHAEOPHYCEAE)1 Lauran M. Liggan ,2 and Patrick T. Martone Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, 3529-6270 University Blvd, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada The subtidal kelp Nereocystis luetkeana (hereafter The bull kelp Nereocystis luetkeana (hereafter Nereo- Nereocystis) maintains an upright stature by producing a cystis) builds unique subtidal forests in the Northeast single gas-filled float (pneumatocyst) that provides Pacific by having a singular gas-filled float called a buoyancy. The ability of Nereocystis pneumatocysts to pneumatocyst, which enables the kelp’s flexible thal- inflate with gas underwater is peculiar, and the gas lus to remain upright and vertical in the water col- composition of pneumatocysts has been the topic of umn (Arzee et al. 1985). The ability of this seaweed several studies over the last 100 years. Past studies of to create an air-tight reservoir and inflate underwa- pneumatocyst gases only examined large sporophytes, ter is remarkable, and the gas composition of Nereo- leaving open questions about the origins of these gases cystis pneumatocysts has been the topic of several and how gas composition may change during studies during the first half of the 20th century (Frye development. In this study, we use developmental time et al. 1915, Langdon 1917, Langdon and Gailey as a means to understand the origin and physiological 1920, Rigg and Henry 1935, Rigg and Swain 1941). mechanisms that give rise to different gases within Past studies found that 20–25% of gas sampled from ~ Nereocystis pneumatocysts. -
The Ecology of Chemical Defence in a Filamentous
THE ECOLOGY OF CHEMICAL DEFENCE IN A FILAMENTOUS MARINE RED ALGA NICHOLAS A. PAUL A thesis submitted to the University of New South Wales for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy July 2006 i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS··························································································································· iii CHAPTER 1. GENERAL INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................1 NATURAL PRODUCTS CHEMISTRY OF MACROALGAE ...............................................................2 THE RED ALGAE ........................................................................................................................2 ECOLOGICAL ROLES OF SECONDARY METABOLITES ................................................................3 i) Chemical mediation of interactions with herbivores ........................................................3 ii) Chemical mediation of interactions with fouling organisms ............................................4 ULTRASTRUCTURE OF SPECIALISED CELLS AND STRUCTURES.................................................5 RESOURCE ALLOCATION TO SECONDARY METABOLITE PRODUCTION.....................................6 THESIS AIMS ..............................................................................................................................7 CHAPTER 2. CHEMICAL DEFENCE AGAINST BACTERIA IN ASPARAGOPSIS ARMATA: LINKING STRUCTURE WITH FUNCTION.......................................................9 INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................................................9 -
Macroalgae (Seaweeds)
Published July 2008 Environmental Status: Macroalgae (Seaweeds) © Commonwealth of Australia 2008 ISBN 1 876945 34 6 Published July 2008 by the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority This work is copyright. Apart from any use as permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, no part may be reproduced by any process without prior written permission from the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority. Requests and inquiries concerning reproduction and rights should be addressed to the Director, Science, Technology and Information Group, Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority, PO Box 1379, Townsville, QLD 4810. The opinions expressed in this document are not necessarily those of the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority. Accuracy in calculations, figures, tables, names, quotations, references etc. is the complete responsibility of the authors. National Library of Australia Cataloguing-in-Publication data: Bibliography. ISBN 1 876945 34 6 1. Conservation of natural resources – Queensland – Great Barrier Reef. 2. Marine parks and reserves – Queensland – Great Barrier Reef. 3. Environmental management – Queensland – Great Barrier Reef. 4. Great Barrier Reef (Qld). I. Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority 551.42409943 Chapter name: Macroalgae (Seaweeds) Section: Environmental Status Last updated: July 2008 Primary Author: Guillermo Diaz-Pulido and Laurence J. McCook This webpage should be referenced as: Diaz-Pulido, G. and McCook, L. July 2008, ‘Macroalgae (Seaweeds)’ in Chin. A, (ed) The State of the Great Barrier Reef On-line, Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority, Townsville. Viewed on (enter date viewed), http://www.gbrmpa.gov.au/corp_site/info_services/publications/sotr/downloads/SORR_Macr oalgae.pdf State of the Reef Report Environmental Status of the Great Barrier Reef: Macroalgae (Seaweeds) Report to the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority by Guillermo Diaz-Pulido (1,2,5) and Laurence J. -
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Memoirs of the Museum of Victoria 52(2): 1 37-262 ( 1 990) ISSN 08 1 4- 1 827 https://doi.org/10.24199/j.mmv.1991.52.02 30 September 1991 AUSTRALASIAN SPECIES OF LIMNORIIDAE (CRUSTACEA: ISOPODA) By Laurie J. Cookson CSIRO Division of Forest Products, Private Bag 10, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia Abstract Cookson, L.J., 1991. Australasian species of Limnoriidae (Crustacea: Isopoda). Memoirs of the Museum of Victoria 52: 137-262. Some members of the Limnoriidae are important marine wood-borers. The taxonomy of the family was studied with emphasis on species from the Australasian region. The Lim- noriidae are reduced to two genera: Limnoria Leach and Paralimnoria Menzies. The genus Phycolimnoria is synonymised with Limnoria. Species from Australia are redescribed: Limnoria indica Becker and Kampf, L. insulae Menzies, L. multipunctata Menzies, L. nonsegnis Menzies, L. pfefferi Stebbing, L. plaiy- cauda Menzies, L. quadripunctata Holthuis, L. rugosissima Menzies, L. sublittorale Menzies, L. tripunctata Menzies and L. unicornis Menzies. New species from Australia are: L. agrostisa, L. echidna, L. gibbera, L. glaucinosa, L. orbellum, L. poorei, L. raruslima, L. torquisa and L. uncapedis. The new species L. loricata and L. convexa are also described from The Snares, New Zealand. Species from Papua New Guinea are: Paralimnoria andrewsi (Caiman), P. asterosa Cook- son and Cragg, L. andamanensis Rao and Ganapati, L. indica, L. insulae, L. kautensis Cookson and Cragg, L. multipunctata, L. pfefferi, L. tripunctata and L. unicornis. L. antarctica Pfeffer and L. stephenseni Menzies from Macquarie Island are redes- cribed. Although not found near Australia, L. tuberculata Sowinsky is also redescribed to distin- guish it from L. -
Stranding Dynamics of Floating Bull Kelp Durvillaea Antarctica (Fucales, Phaeophyceae) on Beaches in the Se Pacific1
J. Phycol. 53, 70–84 (2017) © 2016 Phycological Society of America DOI: 10.1111/jpy.12479 THE VARIABLE ROUTES OF RAFTING: STRANDING DYNAMICS OF FLOATING BULL KELP DURVILLAEA ANTARCTICA (FUCALES, PHAEOPHYCEAE) ON BEACHES IN THE SE PACIFIC1 Boris A. Lopez Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Catolica del Norte, Larrondo 1281, Coquimbo, Chile Departamento de Acuicultura y Recursos Agroalimentarios, Universidad de Los Lagos, Avenida Fuchslocher 1305, Osorno, Chile Erasmo C. Macaya Laboratorio de Estudios Algales (ALGALAB), Departamento de Oceanografıa, Universidad de Concepcion, Casilla 160-C, Concepcion, Chile Millennium Nucleus Ecology and Sustainable Management of Oceanic Island (ESMOI), Coquimbo, Chile Centro FONDAP de Investigaciones en Dinamica de Ecosistemas Marinos de Altas Latitudes (IDEAL), Valdivia, Chile Fadia Tala Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Catolica del Norte, Larrondo 1281, Coquimbo, Chile Centro de Investigacion y Desarrollo Tecnologico en Algas (CIDTA), Universidad Catolica del Norte, Larrondo 1281, Coquimbo, Chile Florence Tellier Departamento de Ecologıa, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Catolica de la Santısima Concepcion, Casilla 297, Concepcion, Chile Centro de Investigacion en Biodiversidad y Ambientes Sustentables (CIBAS), Universidad Catolica de la Santısima Concepcion, Casilla 297, Concepcion, Chile and Martin Thiel2 Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Catolica del Norte, Larrondo 1281, Coquimbo, Chile Millennium Nucleus Ecology and Sustainable Management of Oceanic Island (ESMOI), Coquimbo, -
NZMSS Review 49
NEW ZEALAND MARINE SCIENCES SOCIETY REVIEW 49 MAY 2008 ISSN 1170-8352 NEW ZEALAND MARINE SCIENCES SOCIETY REVIEW 49 A review of marine research carried out in New Zealand during 2007 Cover Photo: 'Double diffusive convection layers formed near an ice wall in a salt-stratified fluid' (Rhodamine dye injected near the ice wall. Vertical scale of image is around 25 cm) Craig Stevens and Natalie Robinson Edited by Natalie Robinson, May 2008 I would like to thank Lucy Jack, Bob Hickman, Alison MacDiarmid and Abby Smith for helping out with various aspects of this review. I would also like to thank those of you who have made and collected contributions for this year’s review. Your time and effort is very much appreciated. Prepared by the NZMSS for distribution to members TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of Contents .................................................................................................................................................. 3 New Zealand Marine Sciences Society.............................................................................................................. 6 About the Society .................................................................................................................................................. 6 The Society Council .............................................................................................................................................. 7 New Zealand Marine Sciences Society Rules ................................................................................................. -
The Global Status of Seaweed Production, Trade and Utilization
GLOBEFISH RESEARCH PROGRAMME The global status of seaweed production, trade and utilization Volume 124 FAO GLOBEFISH RESEARCH PROGRAMME VOL. 124 The global status of seaweed production, trade and utilization by Fatima Ferdouse Susan Løvstad Holdt Rohan Smith Pedro Murúa Zhengyong Yang FAO Consultants Products, Trade and Marketing Branch Fisheries and Aquaculture Policy and Resources Division Rome, Italy FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Rome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2006 Scholars Report Edited by: Thomas A. Okey and Sandy Keys CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research Paper 016 December 2006 Interaction Plot For Total Mollusc Abundance Stratum 45 Low Trawl High Trawl 40 35 n a Me 30 25 20 1 2 Mornington Vanderlin see Page 15 of this report i Okey, T.A. and Keys, S. 2006 scholars report ISBN 1 921232 36 6. 1. Marine ecology - Australia. 2. Benthic animals - Carpentaria, Gulf of (N.T. and Qld.). 3. Ecophysiology - Torres Strait - Computer simulation. 4. Marine algae - Tasmania. 5. Ecophysiology - Carpentaria, Gulf of (N.T. and Qld.) - Computer simulation. I. Okey, Thomas A. II. Keys, Sandy. III. CSIRO. Marine and Atmospheric Research. 577.70994 Preferred way to cite this report: Okey, T.A. and Keys, S. (editors) 2006. 2006 Scholars Report. CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research Paper 016, Cleveland, Qld, Australia. 67pp. Preferred way to cite sections of this report (e.g.): Emery, T.J. 2006. Patterns of infaunal biodiversity in relation to trawling intensity in the Gulf of Carpentaria: A preliminary exploration. Pages 1-23 in T.A. Okey and S. Keys (eds), 2006 Scholar’s Report, CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research Paper 016, Cleveland, Qld, Australia. Important notice The results and analyses contained in this Report are based on a number of technical, circumstantial or otherwise specified assumptions and parameters. The user must make her own assessment of the suitability of the information or material contained in or generated from the Report. To the extent permitted by law, CSIRO excludes all liability to any party for expenses, losses, damages and costs arising directly or indirectly from using this Report. -
Ecological Restoration of New Zealand Islands
CONTENTS Introduction D.R. Towns, I.A.E. Atkinson, and C.H. Daugherty .... ... .. .... .. .... ... .... ... .... .... iii SECTION I: RESOURCES AND MANAGEMENT New Zealand as an archipelago: An international perspective Jared M. Diamond . 3 The significance of the biological resources of New Zealand islands for ecological restoration C.H. Daugherty, D.R. Towns, I.A.E. Atkinson, G.W. Gibbs . 9 The significance of island reserves for ecological restoration of marine communities W.J.Ballantine. 22 Reconstructing the ambiguous: Can island ecosystems be restored? Daniel Simberloff. 37 How representative can restored islands really be? An analysis of climo-edaphic environments in New Zealand Colin D. Meurk and Paul M. Blaschke . 52 Ecological restoration on islands: Prerequisites for success I.A.E Atkinson . 73 The potential for ecological restoration in the Mercury Islands D.R. Towns, I.A.E. Atkinson, C.H. Daugherty . 91 Motuhora: A whale of an island S. Smale and K. Owen . ... ... .. ... .... .. ... .. ... ... ... ... ... .... ... .... ..... 109 Mana Island revegetation: Data from late Holocene pollen analysis P.I. Chester and J.I. Raine ... ... ... .... .... ... .. ... .. .... ... .... .. .... ..... 113 The silent majority: A plea for the consideration of invertebrates in New Zealand island management - George W. Gibbs .. ... .. ... .. .... ... .. .... ... .. ... ... ... ... .... ... ..... ..... 123 Community effects of biological introductions and their implications for restoration Daniel Simberloff . 128 Eradication of introduced animals from the islands of New Zealand C.R. Veitch and Brian D. Bell . 137 Mapara: Island management "mainland" style Alan Saunders . 147 Key archaeological features of the offshore islands of New Zealand Janet Davidson . .. ... ... ... .. ... ... .. .... ... .. ... .. .... .. ..... .. .... ...... 150 Potential for ecological restoration of islands for indigenous fauna and flora John L. Craig .. .. ... .. ... ... ... .... .. ... ... .. ... .. .... ... ... .... .... ..... .. 156 Public involvement in island restoration Mark Bellingham . -
Botanical Society of Otago Newsletter
Botanical Society of Otago Newsletter Number 48 May 2006 BSO Meetings and Field Trips 24 May, Wednesday 5.20 pm. A magnificent obsession: the botanical life and legacy of Tony Druce A talk by Geoff Rogers . An account of the wit, wisdom, mentoring role, and scientific achievements of a great New Zealand botanist. At the Zoology Benham Building, 346 Great King Street, behind the Zoology car park by the Captain Cook Hotel. Use the main entrance of the Benham Building to get in and go to the Benham Seminar Room, Rm. 215, 2nd floor. Please be prompt as we have to hold the door open. 27 May , Saturday 9 am. Fungal Foray to Orokonui A fungal foray led by David Orlovich (as seen on TV) to Orokonui Reserve. Note this trip will run subject to DoC approval. Bring hand lens, a basket or bag for collecting fungi, greaseproof paper (for wrapping specimens in the field) and a camera if you have one. Leave 9 AM from the Botany Dept carpark or 9:15 AM at the Orokonui carpark. We will aim to collect in the morning, and then return to the Department of Botany to record and dry the collections we make for the herbarium, finishing by 4 pm. In case of really bad weather, we will go on Sunday 28th May instead. Contact David Orlovich, phone: (03) 479 9060. (daytime). 14 June, Wednesday 5.20 pm Fungi: New Zealand's hidden diversity A talk by Dr David Orlovich . Fungi are nature's recyclers. They form the connections between plants and soil, algae and rocks, toxic wastes and the atmosphere, even life and death! In New Zealand, fungi support the beech forests of Fiordland, the high country tussock grasslands and our agricultural pastures through symbiotic mycorrhizal associations.