DOCSLIB.ORG

Narcissistic Defenses and Alienation in the Life of Howard

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

NARCISSISTIC DEFENSES AND ALIENATION IN THE LIFE OF HOWARD HUGHES: A CASE STUDY Alida Sandison Submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy Psychology in the Department of Psychology School of Behavioural Sciences Faculty of Health Sciences Nelson Mandela University April 2018 Promoter: Prof. L. Stroud i Declaration I, Alida Sandison (student number: 196083100) hereby declare that the thesis for Doctor in Philosophy: Psychology to be awarded is my own work and that it has not previously been submitted for assessment or completion of any postgraduate qualification to another University or for another qualification. ………………………………….. Alida Sandison In accordance with Rule G5.6.3 5.6.3 A treatise/dissertation/thesis must be accompanied by a written declaration on the part of the candidate to the effect that it is his/her own work and that it has not previously been submitted for assessment to another University of for another qualification. However, material from publications by the candidate may be embodied in a treatise/dissertation/thesis. ii Dedication This study is dedicated to my mother. iii Acknowledgements I would like to express my gratitude and appreciation to: My friends, family and colleagues. Thank you for your unwavering support. Particular thanks to Andrea Hurst for walking across ley lines with Howard and me. To my promoter, Louise Stroud. Thank you for your encouragement and wisdom on this journey. iv Biography.com Editors. (2017). Howard Hughes photograph. Licenced under A&E Television Networks on Biography.com v Abstract Narcissism is a personality configuration which has both normal and pathological personality expressions. It is associated with a very broad field of literature and theoretical formulations, put forward to understand it. To add to this knowledge base, the aim of the research was to explore and describe narcissistic defenses and the consequent alienation of others within the narcissistic personality configuration. The aim was attained through the exploration of the life of Howard Hughes, by examining the interplay between Kernberg’s Object Relations Theory (1974; 1975; 1976; 1980; 1984; 1992; 2001) and Hughes’s lived experiences. Hughes was chosen as the subject as he is renowned for being an eccentric billionaire who was revolutionary in his effect on the world, but concurrently disturbed within his personal pathologies. The study took the form of a case study. Data was collected using Yin’s (1994) guidelines for data collection, which include using multiple sources of evidence, creating a case study database, and keeping and maintaining a reliable chain of evidence. Data was furthermore collected and analysed using Miles and Huberman’s (1994) strategy of data analysis which consists of three steps, namely data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing and verification. Research findings confirmed the presence of primitive defense mechanisms associated with the lower level pathologies described by Kernberg within Hughes’ patterns. Findings confirmed the defense mechanisms as alienating others. Learnings produced were presented in a model to be used in clinical practice to support others in interaction with narcissistic individuals. Steps outlined included, understand, decontaminate and reconstruct, reaffirm reality, and find something positive. Key words: Howard Hughes, narcissism, narcissistic defenses, Kernberg’s Object Relations Theory vi Table of Contents Declaration ....................................................................................................................................... i Dedication ....................................................................................................................................... ii Acknowledgements ........................................................................................................................ iii Abstract ........................................................................................................................................... v Chapter 1: Introduction, Motivation and Research Format .................................................... 1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 1 Motivation for the Study ................................................................................................................. 1 Problem Statement .......................................................................................................................... 2 Knowledge and Knowing ............................................................................................................... 4 Researcher’s View of Narcissism ................................................................................................... 5 Pivotal Constructs ........................................................................................................................... 6 Chapter Outline ............................................................................................................................... 7 Chapter 2: The Case Study Approach and Methodology.........................................................11 Introduction ....................................................................................................................................11 Case Study .....................................................................................................................................11 Narrative and Related Concepts .................................................................................................... 12 Biographical Research ............................................................................................................... 13 Qualitative Research Paradigm and the Case Study Research Design ......................................... 19 Aim and Objectives of the Research ............................................................................................. 22 Research Methodology ................................................................................................................. 22 Qualitative. ............................................................................................................................. 22 Case study. .............................................................................................................................. 23 vii Validity and reliability. ........................................................................................................ 27 Construct validity. ........................................................................................................ 27 Internal validity. ........................................................................................................... 28 External validity. .......................................................................................................... 29 Reliability. .................................................................................................................... 30 Objectivity. ................................................................................................................... 30 Data reduction. ....................................................................................................................... 35 Data display. ........................................................................................................................... 36 Conclusion drawing and verification. .................................................................................... 36 Ethical Considerations .................................................................................................................. 37 Conclusion .................................................................................................................................... 39 Chapter 3: Synopsis of the Life of Howard Hughes ................................................................ 41 Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 41 Childhood and Adolescence .......................................................................................................... 41 Young Adulthood .......................................................................................................................... 45 Middle Adulthood ......................................................................................................................... 55 Old Age ......................................................................................................................................... 67 Conclusion .................................................................................................................................... 75 Chapter 4: Personality, Normality, and Narcissism ................................................................. 76 Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 76 Personality, Normality, and Abnormality ...................................................................................... 76 Narcissism as a Personality Pattern .............................................................................................. 79 viii DSM Personality Diagnosis. .................................................................................................
Recommended publications
  • Howard Hughes

    Howard Hughes

    Howard Hughes Howard Hughes September 24, 1905 Born Houston, Texas, USA April 5, 1976 (aged 70) Died Houston, Texas, USA Chairman, Hughes Aircraft; Occupation industrialist; aviator; engineer; film producer Net worth US$12.8 bn (1958 Forbes 400) Ella Rice (1925-1929) Spouse Terry Moore (1949-1976) Jean Peters (1957-1971) For the Welsh murderer, see Howard Hughes (murderer). Howard Robard Hughes, Jr. (September 24, 1905 – April 5, 1976) was, in his time, an aviator, engineer, industrialist, film producer and director, a palgrave, a playboy, an eccentric, and one of the wealthiest people in the world. He is famous for setting multiple, world air-speed records, building the Hughes H-1 Racer and H-4 Hercules airplanes, producing the movies Hell's Angels and The Outlaw, owning and expanding TWA, his enormous intellect[1], and for his debilitating eccentric behavior in later life. Early years Hughes was born in Houston, Texas, on 24 September or 24 December 1905. Hughes claimed his birthday was Christmas Eve, although some biographers debate his exact birth date, (according to NNDB.com, it was most likely "the more mundane date of September 24"[2] ). His parents were Allene Stone Gano Hughes (a descendant of Catherine of Valois, Dowager Queen of England, by second husband Owen Tudor) [3][4] and Howard R. Hughes, Sr., who patented the tri-cone roller bit, which 1 allowed rotary drilling for oil in previously inaccessible places. Howard R. Hughes, Sr. founded Hughes Tool Company in 1909 to commercialize this invention. Hughes grew up under the strong influence of his mother, who was obsessed with protecting her son from all germs and diseases.
  • 1 Periodismo De Metaficción. Infiernos Personales

    1 Periodismo De Metaficción. Infiernos Personales

    PERIODISMO DE METAFICCIÓN. INFIERNOS PERSONALES: EL CASO DE MARTIN PADILLA. JEFFREY DARÍO RAMOS GONZÁLEZ Trabajo presentado para optar al título de Comunicador(a) social – Periodista. Director MIGUEL MENDOZA LUNA PONTIFICIA UNIVERSIDAD JAVERIANA FACULTAD DE COMUNICACIÓN Y LENGUAJE CARRERA DE COMUNICACIÓN SOCIAL BOGOTÁ D.C 2014 1 “La Universidad no se hace responsable por los conceptos emitidos por los alumnos en sus trabajos de grado, solo velará porque no se publique nada contrario al dogma y la moral católicos y porque el trabajo no contenga ataques y polémicas puramente personales, antes bien, se vean en ellas el anhelo de buscar la verdad y la justicia”. Artículo 23: Reglamento Pontificia Universidad Javeriana 2 AGRADECIMIENTOS A mi mamá, quien me apoyó durante toda mi carrera, siendo más que un soporte económico. Es gracias a ella que este trabajo puede ser presentado. A Miguel Mendoza, quien no solo fue un asesor en los aspectos académicos, sino a nivel personal y se interesó desde el principio en la arriesgada propuesta. Gracias a las conversaciones mientras discutíamos con un café fue posible que un producto final que hiciera mérito a todo el trabajo anterior. A tantos amigos que aguantaron que iniciara todas las conversaciones hablando sobre mi proyecto y con paciencia aportaron y ayudaron a construir algunas de las reflexiones que se ven reflejadas más adelante. A la Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, pues sin el apoyo financiero que me da me sería imposible estar en estos momentos presentando un proyecto de grado. Gracias a la oportunidad que dan a jóvenes de bajos recursos es que puedo aspirar con este texto al título de Comunicador Social.
  • U.S. Department of Justice Federal Bureau of Investigation Washington

    U.S. Department of Justice Federal Bureau of Investigation Washington

    U.S. Department of Justice Federal Bureau of Investigation Washington, D.C. 20535 June 22, 2021 MR. JOHN GREENEWALD JR. SUITE 1203 27305 WEST LIVE OAK ROAD CASTAIC, CA 91384-4520 FOIPA Request No.: 1432458-000 Subject: DUMMAR, MELVIN Dear Mr. Greenewald: The enclosed documents were reviewed under the Freedom of Information/Privacy Acts (FOIPA), Title 5, United States Code, Section 552/552a. Below you will find check boxes under the appropriate statute headings which indicate the types of exemptions asserted to protect information which is exempt from disclosure. The appropriate exemptions are noted on the enclosed pages next to redacted information. In addition, a deleted page information sheet was inserted to indicate where pages were withheld entirely and identify which exemptions were applied. The checked exemption boxes used to withhold information are further explained in the enclosed Explanation of Exemptions. Section 552 Section 552a (b)(1) (b)(7)(A) (d)(5) (b)(2) (b)(7)(B) (j)(2) (b)(3) (b)(7)(C) (k)(1) (b)(7)(D) (k)(2) (b)(7)(E) (k)(3) (b)(7)(F) (k)(4) (b)(4) (b)(8) (k)(5) (b)(5) (b)(9) (k)(6) (b)(6) (k)(7) 11 pages were reviewed and 11 pages are being released. Please see the paragraphs below for relevant information specific to your request as well as the enclosed FBI FOIPA Addendum for standard responses applicable to all requests. Document(s) were located which originated with, or contained information concerning, other Government Agency (ies) [OGA]. This information has been referred to the OGA(s) for review and direct response to you.
  • Crisis Worsens

    Crisis Worsens

    Take time to love somebody today! GUANTANAMO SAY, CUBA Time s who I. Con Man 1f th e1II I VALENTINE'S DAY, 1972 NEW YORK (AP)--Time Magazine printed published parts of Clifford Irving's "autobiography sages from a manuscript by writer James of Howard Hughes" yesterday and said they Phelan, who once collaborated on a bio- proved the book is a hoax, much of it pi- graphy of Hughes with long-time Hughes rated from another writer's unpublished aide Noah Dietrich, 83. manuscript. Dietrich later completed the book Time Magazine also said Irving and with another freelance writer, Bob his research assistant, Richard Suskind, Thomas of the Associated Press, andi / had admitted that the *autobiography" is to be published this month. Time jwas a hoax. The Irving excerpts were (Please see HOAX, page 4) ~.Britain'sPower Crisis Worsens/ LONDON (AP)--Thousands of families ate cold Sunday dinner in un-A m heated homes as power cuts multiplied into Britain's worst indus-abo trial crisis in 46 years and stirred opposition to Prime Min- ister Edward Heath's Conservative govwtnment. The administration warned that Britain faces a total shutdown of industry by the end of the month if a five- week-old strike by coal miners continues to hamper eb at coal-fired electricityrations plants. Leaders of the National union of Minewor- kers went before a government-named court of inquiry to state their case for a shudon bigo idusrbypay boost. the nd of the mnhi ie L- High Court Judge Lord Wilber- d force, who is heading the in- quiry, said he hoped its .
  • Hughes' Radar a Twa First

    Hughes' Radar a Twa First

    VOL. 2, NO. 19 of TRANS WORLD AIRLINE MAY 9, 1947 HUGHES' RADAR A TWA FIRST Airline radar, long a misty prom­ ise, became a reality last week when Howard Hughes, flying a TWA DIVISION TOPS GOALS IN SALES MARATHON Constellation, unveiled to the na­ MIDWEST AND PH tion's press his newly developed radar safety device and announced GET 2 FIRSTS EACH that TWA will be the first airline Transcontinental division's Sales to use the ingenious instrument on Contests, which began Jan. 1, ended all its passenger planes. at midnight April 30 amid general Speaking to the nation's top avia­ jubilation over results. After a hard tion writers at his aircraft plant winter in which about exerything at Culver City, Calif., Hughes ex­ that could happen to an airline had plained for the first time his new happened to TWA, the whole divi­ radar development. sion buckled down to a selling job, faced with quotas, which, while "This radar instrument warns the tough to achieve, had been set on pilot (by a brilliant red light and a realistic basis. a warning horn) the instant the airplane comes too close to the As weather improved during ground or any building, bridge, spring, quotas were raised, but the mountain, aircraft, or other obstacle, hustling people of Traffic, Sales, regardless of darkness or weather and the Hundred Point Club met conditions. and passed them. Midwest Region took firsr place "1 believe this device will be of in Airfreight and Round-Trips, with great assistance in our efforts to top honors for Passenger Loadings eliminate the type of accident which going to Western Region.
  • G*Ł5í'îi}Êù˘Iâ

    G*Ł5í'îi}Êù˘Iâ

    556814bk CC2005 14/5/05 8:56 PM Page 8 Also available from Naxos … RIMSKY-KORSAKOV: Flight of the Bumble Bee ROSSINI: William Tell Overture SATIE: Gnossienne No.4 DELIBES: Flower Duet from Lakmé HAYDN: Piano Concerto No.11 (2nd movement) MOZART: Eine kleine Nachtmusik (Romance) MOMPOU: Cançons i danses No.6 HANDEL: Zadok the Priest BACH/GOUNOD: Ave Maria BEETHOVEN: Moonlight Sonata (1st movement) CHOPIN: ‘Raindrop’ Prelude BIZET: Habanera from Carmen JOHANN STRAUSS II: Wiener Blut HANDEL: Concerto Grosso Op.6, No.12 J. S. BACH: Piano Concerto No.5 (2nd movement) (Third movement) BRAHMS: Hungarian Dance No.5 BERNSTEIN: I Feel Pretty from West Side Story BEETHOVEN: Moonlight Sonata (1st movement) VAUGHAN WILLIAMS: Fantasia on a PUCCINI: Nessun dorma from Turandot Theme of Thomas Tallis (excerpt) CHOPIN: Ballade No.1 in G minor WAGNER: Bridal Chorus from Lohengrin MOZART: Der Hölle Rache from Die Zauberflöte TCHAIKOVSKY: 1812 Overture MOZART: Piano Sonata No.11 (1st movement) 8.556813 8.556696 556814bk CC2005 14/5/05 8:55 PM Page 2 ”He doesn’t care if you’re naughty or nice” “In search of wine. In search of women. In search of themselves.” 1 BAD SANTA @ SIDEWAYS Director: Terry Zwigoff Director: Alexander Payne Cast: Billy Bob Thornton (Willy), Tony Cox (Marcus), Brett Kelly (The Kid), Lauren Graham Cast: Paul Giamatti (Miles Raymond), Thomas Haden Church (Jack), Virginia Madsen (Maya), (Sue), Lauten Thom (Lois), Bernie Mac (Gin). Sandra Oh (Stephanie), Marylouise Burke (Miles’ Mother), Jessica Hecht (Victoria), Missi Doty Story: A down-on-his luck conman and his pint-size buddy go on the road as Santa and his (Cammi), M.

  • Cine, Locura Y Psiquiatria. 50 Películas.Pdf

    Aquesta publicació no pot ser reproduïda, ni total ni parcialment, ni registrada en, o transmitida per, un sistema de recuperació d’informació, en cap forma ni per cap mitjà, ja siga fotomecànic, fotoquímic, electrònic, per fotocòpia o per qualsevol altre, sense el permís previ de l’editorial. Monografiei s& Aproximacions, nº 4 Col·lecció dirigida per Rosa Isusi-Fagoaga i Ricard Silvestre Vañó © Del text: els seus autors © De la edició: Institut de Creativitat i Innovacions Educatives de la Universitat de València, 2018. Disseny de portada: Silvia Costa Coordinadora editorial: Rosa Isusi-Fagoaga ISBN: 978-84-09-02789-7 Imprès a Espanya - Printed in Spain CINE, LOCURA Y PSIQUIATRÍA: 50 PELÍCULAS Grup Embolic Anacleto Ferrer Mas Xavier Garcia-Raffi Bernardo Lerma Sirvent Cándido Polo Griñán GRUP EMBOLIC LA REPRESENTACIÓN DE LA LOCURA EN EL CINE ................ ¡Error! Marcador no definido. Misterios de un alma (1926) .......................................................................................... 8 El ángel azul (1930) ......................................................................................................... 15 M, el vampiro de Düsseldorf (1931) .......................................................................... 21 Él (1952) .............................................................................................................................. 29 El loco del pelo rojo (1956) ........................................................................................... 36 Marnie, la ladrona (1964) ............................................................................................
  • L'eccezione Alla Regola

    L'eccezione Alla Regola

    in collaborazione con: Scheda n. Cinema Sociale Società Operaia di Mutuo Soccorso 2 (1004) Giovedì PIEMONTE AL CINEMA - IL CINEMA DIFFUSO 19 ottobre 2017 www.cineforumomegna.it promosso da Regione Piemonte, AIACE, AGIS L’ ECCEZIONE ALLA REGOLA di WARREN BEATTY Titolo originale: RULES DON ’T APPLY . Regia e sceneggiatura: WARREN BEATTY . Fotografia: CALEB DE- SCHANEL . Musica: CHRISTINE BERGREN , A NDREW M. C HUKERMAN . Interpreti: WARREN BEATTY (Howard Hughes), LILY COLLINS (Marla Mabrey), ALDEN EHRENREICH (Frank Forbes), ANNETTE BENING (Lucy Mabrey), MATTHEW BRODERICK (Levar Mathis), CANDICE BERGEN (Nadine Henly), MARTIN SHEEN (Noah Dietrich), PAUL SORVINO (Vernon Scott). Produzione : NEW REGENCY PICTU- RES . Distribuzione : 20 TH CENTURY FOX . Durata : 126’. Origine : USA , 2016. WARREN BEATTY Nato nel 1937 (80 anni) a Richmond in Virginia, Usa, Warren Beatty, attore, regista, sceneggiatore e produttore, è fratello dell’attrice Shirley McLaine. Stu- dia teatro. Debutta in televisione nella serie The Many Loves of Dobie Gillis . Nel 1959 arriva a Broadway. Nel 1961 Elias Kazan gli offre il ruolo del protagonista di Splendore nell’erba e il film, un meraviglioso film, ottie- ne un grande successo, anche grazie a Beatty e a Nathalie Wood. Vengono poi La primavera romana della si- gnora Stone (1961) con Vivien Leigh, E il vento disperse la nebbia di John Frankenheimer (1962), Mickey One di Arthur Penn (1965) e un altro successo, Gangster Story (1967) ancora di Arthur Penn. Sempre come attore recita in L’unico gioco in città (1968) di George Stevens, con Elizabeth Taylor, nel gran western I compari (1971) di Robert Altman, in Perché un assassinio (1974) di Alan J.
  • Howard Hughes: a Chronology

    Howard Hughes: a Chronology

    Howard Hughes: A chronology Born in Texas with a silver spoon in his mouth, Howard Hughes spent his young adulthood as a swaggering movie mogul and daring aviator. This chronology reveals all the American billionaire’s triumphs and disasters, then charts his descent into madness, squalor and death. 1905-1949 | 1950-2004 | Find out more 1905 24 December: Howard Robard Hughes Jr is born in Houston, Texas. His mother is Allene Gano Hughes and his father is Howard Robard Hughes Sr, founder of the Hughes Tool Company and inventor of the ‘rock eater’, a drill bit that revolutionised oil drilling and was the source of his wealth. Hughes Jr’s mother disapproves of his making friends because she believes other people are disease-carriers. If her son sniffles or coughs, she rushes him to a doctor and lavishes attention and sympathy on him. 1917 One of the US's worst race riots breaks out in Houston, Hughes’ home town, leaving 17 dead. Some believe that this made the future tycoon a racist. 1922 29 March: Hughes’ mother dies. Hughes attends the Thacher School in Ojai, California, 85 miles north of Los Angeles. He also spends time with his uncle Rupert Hughes, a screenwriter for Samuel Goldwyn, who inspires his later interest in film-making. He never graduates from high school, but his father arranges for him to sit in on classes at Cal Tech by donating money to the university. 1923 Hughes returns to Houston and enrols at the Rice Institute (now Rice University). 1924 14 January: Hughes’ father dies.
  • Hughespayout to Politicians Is Svrfacing

    Hughespayout to Politicians Is Svrfacing

    will just take this one on for us?" said Hughes—or the WXPost man whose signature has not been denied by his law- yers to be his. "How can we expect to re- HughesPayout alize our potential as a re- sort if we are scaring people away with bomb tests?" Hughes said in another let- ter. To Politicians Angry at the Atomic En- ergy Commission, which ul- timately carried out the tests, called Boxcars, Hughes suggested to Maheu that Is Svrfacing "somebody should start ne- gotiating with the AEC just "He cared nothing about candidates or issues—unless they like buying a hotel" hadSome effect on Howard Hughes. • $50,000 in currency also "And if they did he figured he could buy his way to went to Humphrey during fai:or 'Everybody has -a price,' he always said. And he was the 1968 campaign. Maheu going to offer that price—to a, city councilman or the Presi- testified that he delivered dent of the United States." the cash to the Vice Presi- —Noah Dietrich. "Howard: The Amazing Mr. Hughes" dent in the candidate's lim- At a meeting in 1967 with Raymond M.. Holliday, then ousine outside Los Angeles' chief executive of the Hughes Tool Co., "I showed Mr.. Holli- Century Plaza Hotel, where day a handwritten memorandum from llfr. Hughes where Mr. Humphrey had just deliv- Hughes was asking me to matte a million-dollar payoff to a ered a campaign speech. President of the United States. Mr. Holliday fainted, dropped • $100,000, in currency the yettoM sheet of paper on the floor and requested of me "earmarked" for President whether or not his fingerprints could be taken off the piece Nixon, was delivered in two of paper." equal installments in 1969 —Robert A.
  • Guide to the Howard Hughes Professional and Aeronautical Photographs

    Guide to the Howard Hughes Professional and Aeronautical Photographs

    Guide to the Howard Hughes Professional and Aeronautical Photographs This finding aid was created by Lindsay Oden and Hannah Robinson on February 27, 2018. Persistent URL for this finding aid: http://n2t.net/ark:/62930/f10c99 © 2018 The Regents of the University of Nevada. All rights reserved. University of Nevada, Las Vegas. University Libraries. Special Collections and Archives. Box 457010 4505 S. Maryland Parkway Las Vegas, Nevada 89154-7010 [email protected] Guide to the Howard Hughes Professional and Aeronautical Photographs Table of Contents Summary Information ..................................................................................................................................... 3 Biographical Note ............................................................................................................................................ 3 Scope and Contents Note ................................................................................................................................ 4 Arrangement .................................................................................................................................................... 5 Administrative Information ............................................................................................................................. 5 Related Materials ............................................................................................................................................. 6 Names and Subjects .......................................................................................................................................
  • Rules Don't Apply

    Rules Don't Apply

    RULES DON’T APPLY SYNOPSIS An aspiring young actress (Lily Collins) and her ambitious young driver (Alden Ehrenreich) struggle hopefully with the absurd eccentricities of the wildly unpredictable billionaire Howard Hughes (Warren Beatty) for whom they work. It’s Hollywood, 1958. Small town beauty queen, songwriter, and devout Baptist virgin Marla Mabrey (Collins), under contract to the infamous Howard Hughes (Beatty), arrives in Los Angeles. At the airport, she meets her driver Frank Forbes (Ehrenreich), who is engaged to be married to his 7th grade sweetheart and is a deeply religious Methodist. Their instant attraction not only puts their religious convictions to the test, but also defies Hughes’ #1 rule: no employee is allowed to have any relationship whatsoever with a contract actress. Hughes’ behavior intersects with Marla and Frank in very separate and unexpected ways, and as they are drawn deeper into his bizarre world, their values are challenged and their lives are changed. 1 THE RULES DON’T APPLY Music, Eddie Arkin/Lyrics, Lorraine Feather One day I told my friend I was terribly blue. Was it far too late to do what I dreamed I could do? He thought for a moment, then he answered. He said, “The rules don’t apply to you.” He said it very simply, and quietly too, But as if there wasn’t any doubt at all that he knew. He gave me a gift that I would treasure. He said, “The rules don’t apply to you.” In the movies we see, in the shows on TV, And in anthems passionately sung, There’s a message that you’ve got to keep believing in yourself, But they generally mean, if you’re young.