DOCSLIB.ORG

Sydney Harbour a Systematic Review of the Science 2014

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Sydney Harbour a Systematic Review of the Science 2014 Sydney Harbour A systematic review of the science 2014 Sydney Institute of Marine Science Technical Report The Sydney Harbour Research Program © Sydney Institute of Marine Science, 2014 This publication is copyright. You may download, display, print and reproduce this material provided that the wording is reproduced exactly, the source is acknowledged, and the copyright, update address and disclaimer notice are retained. Disclaimer The authors of this report are members of the Sydney Harbour Research Program at the Sydney Institute of Marine Science and represent various universities, research institutions and government agencies. The views presented in this report do not necessarily reflect the views of The Sydney Institute of Marine Science or the authors other affiliated institutions listed below. This report is a review of other literature written by third parties. Neither the Sydney Institute of Marine Science or the affiliated institutions take responsibility for the accuracy, currency, reliability, and correctness of any information included in this report provided in third party sources. Recommended Citation Hedge L.H., Johnston E.L., Ayoung S.T., Birch G.F., Booth D.J., Creese R.G., Doblin M.A., Figueira W.F., Gribben P.E., Hutchings P.A., Mayer Pinto M, Marzinelli E.M., Pritchard T.R., Roughan M., Steinberg P.D., 2013, Sydney Harbour: A systematic review of the science, Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Sydney, Australia. National Library of Australia Cataloging-in-Publication entry ISBN: 978-0-646-91493-0 Publisher: The Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia Available on the internet from www.sims.org.au For further information please contact: SIMS, Building 19, Chowder Bay Road, Mosman NSW 2088 Australia T: +61 2 9435 4600 F: +61 2 9969 8664 www.sims.org.au ABN 84117222063 Cover Photo | Mike Banert North Head The light was changing every minute. I climbed over some huge rocks to get into a great position to take some surfing shots, when suddenly this huge cloud covered up the sun. Suddenly the beautiful light illuminating the waves the surfers were riding was gone. I looked to my left and noticed the light here. Quickly, I grabbed my stuff and setup this shot … only got one frame, because soon after this the light here was also gone. Design: Luke Hedge and Marian Kyte 2 | Sydney Harbour 2014 Authors Luke H. Hedge PhD is a Research Fellow at the Sydney Emma L. Johnston PhD is a Professor of Marine Science Institute of Marine Science and Adjunct Associate Lecturer at the University of New South Wales and the Director of the at the University of New South Wales. Sydney Harbour Research Program at the Sydney Institute [email protected] of Marine Science. www.bees.unsw.edu.au/luke-hedge [email protected] www.bees.unsw.edu.au/emma-johnston Shane T. Ahyong PhD is a Senior Research Scientist at the Australian Museum Gavin F. Birch PhD is an Associate Professor of Marine [email protected] Geology at The University of Sydney. http://australianmuseum.net.au/image/Shane-Ahyong [email protected] www.sydney.edu.au/science/people/gavin.birch.php David J. Booth PhD is a Professor of Marine Ecology at the University of Technology, Sydney and the Director of the Bob G. Creese PhD is the Director of Fisheries Research UTS Centre for Environmental Sustainability. at the NSW Department of Primary Industries, as part of NSW [email protected] Trade and Investment. www.professordavidbooth.com/ [email protected] www.dpi.nsw.gov.au/research/staff/bob-creese Martina A. Doblin PhD is an Associate Professor of Marine Science at the University of Technology, Sydney. Will F. Figueira PhD is the Deputy Director of the Centre for [email protected] Research on Ecological Impacts of Coastal Cities at the University http://www.uts.edu.au/staff/martina.doblin of Sydney and the Deputy Director of the Sydney Harbour Research Program at SIMS. Paul E. Gribben PhD is a Senior Research Fellow at the [email protected] University of Technology Sydney and the Deputy Director of http://sydney.edu.au/science/bio/eicc/our_people/directors/ the Sydney Harbour Research Program at SIMS. will_figueira.shtml [email protected] http://cfsites1.uts.edu.au/science/staff/details.cfm?StaffId=4919 Pat A. Hutchings PhD is a Senior Principal Research Scientist at the Australian Museum. Mariana Mayer Pinto PhD is a Research Fellow at the [email protected] University of New South Wales. http://australianmuseum.net.au/staff/pat-hutchings [email protected] www.bees.unsw.edu.au/mariana-mayer-pinto Ezequiel M. Marzinelli PhD is a Research Fellow at the University of New South Wales. Tim R. Pritchard PhD is the Director, Water, Wetlands and [email protected] Coasts Science at the NSW Office of Environment and Heritage. www.bees.unsw.edu.au/ezequiel-marzinelli [email protected] Moninya Roughan PhD is a Senior Lecturer in Oceanography Peter D. Steinberg PhD is a Professor of Marine Science at at the University of New South Wales the University of New South Wales and the Director of the [email protected] Sydney Institute of Marine Science. www.oceanography.unsw.edu.au [email protected] https://research.unsw.edu.au/people/professor-peter-steinberg Acknowledgments The authors are incredibly grateful for the independent reviews of this report conducted by Prof. Frank Talbot AM, Former Director of the Australian Museum, and the United States Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History; and Prof. Peter Fairweather, of The School of Biological Sciences at Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia. A systematic review of the science | 3 © Marian Kyte 4 | Sydney Harbour 2014 Contents 6 Executive Summary 10 Living Harbour. Dynamic Science 10 An Introduction 12 Systematic Literature Review 14 Results 16 The Shape and Form of Sydney Harbour 16 Geological History 16 Hydrology 19 Circulation 20 The Natural Environments of Sydney Harbour 20 Subtidal Rocky Reef 23 Rocky Intertidal Shores 26 Soft Bottoms and Beaches 28 Soft Sediment Macrophytes 30 Open Water / Pelagic Systems 33 Threats to Biodiversity and Ecosystem Function 33 Metalloids, Organo-metallic and Metallic Contamination 37 Nutrients and Turbidity 39 Neo Biota: Non Indigenous and Novel Species in Sydney Harbour 42 Habitat Modification 44 Fishing and Aquaculture 47 Climate Change 50 Stressor Interactions 51 Science and Management 52 Conclusion 55 References 62 Sydney Harbour Database 78 Sydney Harbour Questionnaire A systematic review of the science | 5 Executive Summary The Sydney Harbour estuary is renowned for its biological diversity. Despite the importance of the estuary for the social, economic and environmental health of the city of Sydney, and the nation more generally, there has been no comprehensive compilation or synthesis of the biophysical scientific research conducted within the waterway. This report collates the currently available information within the world’s peer-reviewed, scientific literature. It systematically examines scientific databases and canvasses local, national and international scholars. The result is a comprehensive list of published biophysical information sources. Our report synthesizes this information into a succinct document accessible to stakeholders, policymakers, and the general public. This is produced as a guide to the current state of knowledge of the harbour and readers are directed to the references for further information. Geological History and Geomorphology The Sydney Harbour estuary is a drowned river valley, characterized by steep sided banks carved into Sydney sandstone between 25 and 29 million years ago. Approximately 17 000 years ago, the sea level rose, flooding the river valley and forming a flood tide delta. © Marian Kyte While there are several articles discussing the geology and geological history of the estuary, there has been a greater focus on sedimentology. This Tides in the harbour are semi diurnal and reverse includes examinations of land reclamation in the every six hours. Towards the harbour entrance, estuary, the effects of sediment characteristics on tidal velocities can be as high as 0.25 m.s-1. burrowing crabs, and the effects of coastal cities on Modeled of velocities in the upper branches of the surficial sediments. estuary, however, are only one tenth of those near the entrance. Hydrology and Circulation We have little knowledge of how the EAC and The East Australian Current (EAC) delivers nutrient continental shelf circulation interacts with the Sydney depleted waters just off Sydney’s coast at between Harbour estuary. Previous studies of circulation do 16 oC to 20 oC during the summer months and not take into account the circulation or hydrology 12 oC to 20 oC for the rest of the year. The colder, seaward of the heads. This is important, as up-welled, water during summer may be a potential predicted changes to the EAC due to global source of nutrients into the Sydney Harbour estuary. climate change may have implications for water flows on the continental shelf and tidal exchange Salinity in the harbour is generally the same as in Sydney Harbour. the ocean (35 psu). After rainfall, waters in the Parramatta River can be near fresh for a short time. Subtidal Rocky Reef Salinity at the harbour mouth can be reduced to about 30 psu in the top water layers (upper 4m) after Most studies in this category focus on the habitat- very heavy rain. forming algal species that dominate subtidal reefs in Sydney Harbour. Particular attention has been The most frequent wind patterns are from the given to the effects of artificial structures on natural northeast and are observed 22 % of the time. The reef, and fragmentation of these habitats. Species strongest winds are from the south and are only richness and composition are generally altered by observed 17 % of the time.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Sydney Harbour: What We Do and Do Not Know About a Highly Diverse Estuary
    Marine and Freshwater Research 2015, 66, 1073-1087 © CSIRO 2015 http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/MF15159_AC Supplementary material Sydney Harbour: what we do and do not know about a highly diverse estuary E. L. JohnstonA,B, M. Mayer-PintoA,B, P. A. HutchingsC, E. M. MarzinelliA,B,D, S. T. AhyongC, G. BirchE, D. J. BoothF, R. G. CreeseG, M. A. DoblinH, W. FigueiraI, P. E. GribbenB,D, T. PritchardJ, M. RoughanK, P. D. SteinbergB,D and L. H. HedgeA,B AEvolution and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. BSydney Institute of Marine Science, 19 Chowder Bay Road, Mosman, NSW 2088, Australia. CAustralian Museum Research Institute, Australian Museum, 6 College Street, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia. DCentre for Marine Bio-Innovation, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. ESchool of GeoSciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. FCentre for Environmental Sustainability, School of the Environment, University of Technology, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia. GNew South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Port Stephens Fisheries Institute, Nelson Bay, NSW 2315, Australia. HPlant Functional Biology and Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia. ICentre for Research on Ecological Impacts of Coastal Cities, School of Biological Sciences, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. JWater and Coastal Science Section, New South Wales Office of Environment and Heritage, PO Box A290, Sydney, NSW 1232, Australia. KCoastal and Regional Oceanography Lab, School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of New South Wales, NSW 2052, Australia.
    [Show full text]
  • Little Audrey Charters
    Port Hacking Game Fishing Club Inc. 2020 Shimano Port Hacking 100 Saturday 1st Sunday 2nd May 2021 – Little Audrey Charters Port Hacking Game Fishing Club Inc. 2020 Shimano Port Hacking 100 Saturday 1st Sunday 2nd May 2021 – Little Audrey Charters Port Hacking Game Fishing Club Inc. 2020 Shimano Port Hacking 100 Saturday 1st Sunday 2nd May 2021 – Little Audrey Charters Port Hacking Game Fishing Club Inc. 2020 Shimano Port Hacking 100 Saturday 1st Sunday 2nd May 2021 – TOURNAMENT RULES 1. Tournament Committee ("Committee") The Committee shall be the sole adjudicator of the tournament and rules. Any decision by the Committee shall be binding and final. 2. The Tournament Dates The competition shall consist of the 2021 Shimano Port Hacking 100 Tournament (also referred to as “the Tournament” or "PH100”) and will be run during the period – Friday evening 1st May 2021 to Sunday 2nd May 2021. 3. Competitor Information A briefing for the tournament will be convened at 19:30 on Friday 30th April 2021 at the Royal Motor Yacht Club - Port Hacking, 228 Woolooware Road, Burraneer (hereinafter referred to as the “RMYC”). It is recommended that each competing vessel’s skipper and or a registered angler attend the briefing session on Friday 30th April 2021, however this is not mandatory. It is therefore up to each individual team to fully understand and abide to all tournament rules and procedures as set out in this entry form. 4. Entries Tournament Entry Fees are $160 per senior male and female angler and $60 per junior or small fry angler for Trophy Categories 1 – 13,15,16.
    [Show full text]
  • Bays Community Coalition (Bacc) Comprises Community Representatives from Suburbs Surrounding the Bays - Annandale, Balmain, Glebe, Pyrmont, Rozelle, White Bay &Ultimo
    BaCC’s Submission – March 2017 Bays Community Coalition (BaCC) comprises community representatives from suburbs surrounding the Bays - Annandale, Balmain, Glebe, Pyrmont, Rozelle, White Bay &Ultimo. Subject: GSC’s Draft Central District Plan - November 2016 BaCC’s Submission – 31st March 2017 Page 1 BaCC’s Submission – March 2017 Table of Contents 1. Executive Summary ........................................................................................................................ 4 2. Preamble ......................................................................................................................................... 5 3. Draft Plan – Comments, Recommendations & Questions ............................................................ 5 1. Chief Commissioner’s Foreword ................................................................................................ 5 2. Our Vision ................................................................................................................................... 6 3. Productive City ........................................................................................................................... 7 4. Liveable City ................................................................................................................................ 8 5. The Liveable Framework .......................................................................................................... 10 6. The Central District’s People ...................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • 109. M4-M5 EIS Vol 2I App T Groundwater Part 1
    M4-M5 Link Environmental Impact Statement August 2017 Appendix T Volume 2I Since finalisation of the Environmental Impact Statement, the project has been declared by Ministerial Order to be State significant infrastructure and critical State significant infrastructure under sections 115U (4) and 115V of the Environmental Planning and Assessment Act 1979. The Ministerial Order also amended Schedule 5 of State Environmental Planning Policy (State and Regional Development) 2011. The project remains subject to assessment under Part 5.1 of the Environmental Planning and Assessment Act 1979 and requires the approval of the Minister for Planning. WestConnex speaks your language Greek Learn more by visiting µ www.westconnex.com.au/yourlanguage www.westconnex.com.au/yourlanguage to watch project videos in your language and read more about WestConnex. If you need an interpreter, call the Translating WestConnex. µ , µ 131 450. and Interpreting Service on 131 450. Italian Arabic Per saperne di più visiti il sito www.westconnex.com.au/yourlanguage www.westconnex.com.au/yourlanguage, dove potrà guardare i video del progetto in lingua italiana e trovare maggiori informazioni su WestConnex. Se ha bisogno di un interprete, contatti il Servizio di Traduzione ed Interpretariato (Translating ł ł .131 450 and Interpreting Service) al numero 131 450. Chinese Korean 了解詳情請上網 www.westconnex.com.au/yourlanguage 를 방문하여한국어로 www.westconnex.com.au/yourlanguage觀看(普通話) 된 프로젝트 비디오를 보고 WestConnex 에 관해 읽고 배우세요. 視頻, 並 查閱有關WestConnex的更多訊息。如需要傳譯員請 통역이 필요하시면 번역 및 통역 서비스 131 450 (TIS) 으로 전화 。。 撥電話傳譯服務 131 450 하십시오. Hindi Vietnamese : Hãy tìm hi u thêm và vi ng trang m ng www.westconnex.com.au/yourlanguage ( ) www.westconnex.com.au/yourlanguage xem phim nh b ng Vi t ng v công trình này và c thêm v WestConnex.
    [Show full text]
  • Harbour Bridge to South Head and Clovelly
    To NEWCASTLE BARRENJOEY A Harbour and Coastal Walk Personal Care This magnificent walk follows the south-east shoreline of Sydney Harbour The walk requires average fitness. Take care as it includes a variety of before turning southwards along ocean beaches and cliffs. It is part of one pathway conditions and terrain including hills and steps. Use sunscreen, of the great urban coast walks of the world, connecting Broken Bay in carry water and wear a hat and good walking shoes. Please observe official SYDNEY HARBOUR Sydney's north to Port Hacking to its south (see Trunk Route diagram), safety and track signs at all times. traversing the rugged headlands and sweeping beaches, bush, lagoons, bays, and harbours of coastal Sydney. Public Transport The walk covered in this map begins at the Circular Quay connection with Public transport is readily available at regular points along the way Harbour Bridge the Harbour Circle Walk and runs to just past coastal Bronte where it joins (see map). This allows considerable flexibility in entering and exiting the Approximate Walking Times in Hours and Minutes another of the series of maps covering this great coastal and harbour route. routes. Note - not all services operate every day. to South Head e.g. 1 hour 45 minutes = 1hr 45 The main 29 km Harbour Bridge (B3) to South Head (H1) and to Clovelly Bus, train and ferry timetables. G8) walk (marked in red on the map) is mostly easy but fascinating walk- Infoline Tel: 131-500 www.131500.com.au 0 8 ing. Cutting a 7km diagonal across the route between Rushcutters Bay (C5) and Clovelly kilometres and Clovelly, is part of the Federation Track (also marked in red) which, in Short Walks using Public Transport Brochure 1 To Manly NARRABEEN full, runs from Queensland to South Australia.
    [Show full text]
  • Recovery Plan for Pimelea Spicata Pimelea Spicata Recovery Plan
    © Department of Environment and Conservation (NSW), 2005 This work is copyright, however material presented in this plan may be copied for personal use or published for educational purposes, providing that any extracts are fully acknowledged. Apart from this and any other use as permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, no part may be reproduced without prior written permission from the Department of Environment and Conservation. The NPWS is part of the Department of Environment and Conservation Department of Environment and Conservation 43 Bridge Street (PO Box 1967) Hurstville NSW 2220 www.nationalparks.nsw.gov.au Requests for information or comments regarding the recovery program for Pimelea spicata should be directed to: The Director General, Department of Environment and Conservation (NSW) C/- Coordinator Pimelea spicata recovery program Biodiversity Conservation Section, Metropolitan Branch Environment Protection and Regulation Division Department of Environment and Conservation (NSW) PO Box 1967 Hurstville NSW 2220 Ph: (02) 9585 6678 Fax: (02) 9585 6442 Cover photograph: Pimelea spicata in flower growing amongst grasses at Mt Warrigal in the Illawarra Photographer: Martin Bremner This Plan should be cited as following: Department of Environment and Conservation (2005) Pimelea spicata R. Br. Recovery Plan. Department of Environment and Conservation (NSW), Hurstville NSW. ISBN: 1 74137 333 6 DEC 2006/181 Approved Recovery Plan for Pimelea spicata Pimelea spicata Recovery Plan Executive summary This document constitutes the formal Commonwealth and New South Wales State Recovery Plan for the small shrub Pimelea spicata (Thymelaeaceae), and as such considers the conservation requirements of the species across its known range. It identifies the future actions to be taken to ensure the long-term viability of P.
    [Show full text]
  • Sewage Treatment System Impact Monitoring Program
    Sewage Treatment System Impact Monitoring Program Volume 1 Data Report 2019-20 Commercial-in-Confidence Sydney Water 1 Smith Street, Parramatta, NSW Australia 2150 PO Box 399 Parramatta NSW 2124 Report version: STSIMP Data Report 2019-20 Volume 1 final © Sydney Water 2020 This work is copyright. It may be reproduced for study, research or training purposes subject to the inclusion of an acknowledgement of the source and no commercial usage or sale. Reproduction for purposes other than those listed requires permission from Sydney Water. Sewage Treatment System Impact Monitoring Program | Vol 1 Data Report 2019-20 Page | i Executive summary Background Sydney Water operates 23 wastewater treatment systems and each system has an Environment Protection Licence (EPL) regulated by the NSW Environment Protection Authority (EPA). Each EPL specifies the minimum performance standards and monitoring that is required. The Sewage Treatment System Impact Monitoring Program (STSIMP) commenced in 2008 to satisfy condition M5.1a of our EPLs. The results are reported to the NSW EPA every year. The STSIMP aims to monitor the environment within Sydney Water’s area of operations to determine general trends in water quality over time, monitor Sydney Water’s performance and to determine where Sydney Water’s contribution to water quality may pose a risk to environmental ecosystems and human health. The format and content of 2019-20 Data Report predominantly follows four earlier reports (2015-16 to 2018-19). Sydney Water’s overall approach to monitoring (design and method) is consistent with the Australian and New Zealand Environment and Conservation Council (ANZECC 2000 and ANZG 2018) guidelines.
    [Show full text]
  • Effects of Sydney Coastal Dry Sclerophyll Forest Litter on Fuels and Fire Behaviour in Hornsby Shire
    Effects of Sydney Coastal Dry Sclerophyll Forest Litter on Fuels and Fire Behaviour in Hornsby Shire Angela G. Gormley A thesis submitted to fulfil requirements for the degree of Master of Philosophy School of Life and Environmental Sciences Faculty of Science The University of Sydney February 2019 ii Angela G. Gormley iii O! for a muse of fire, that would ascend the brightest heaven of invention Prologue The Life of King Henry V William Shakespeare iv Acknowledgements Most universities ban their students from setting fire to litter on the campus so it was necessary to transfer to the School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, halfway through my degree. My supervisors, Assoc. Prof. Tina Bell and Dr Malcolm Possell, solved all my problems during our first meeting. I appreciate their guidance with my research, their support and, they took my research in an interesting direction. I would like to thank Veronica Quintanilla Berjon for help with the burning experiments. The School of Life and Environmental Sciences provided me with the facilities and equipment that were necessary to support my research. I appreciate the financial assistance and networking opportunities provided by the Bushfire and Natural Hazards Cooperative Research Centre. I appreciate the support of Amelia Jones and Michelle Brown from Hornsby Shire Council because they encouraged me to keep trying when it seemed impossible for my research to continue. They assisted me with access to sites, maps, accompanied me on my field trips and provided a lot of useful information. I would like to thank students and staff at the School of Life and Environmental Sciences and the Sydney Institute of Agriculture, The University of Sydney, because a friendly and sociable environment makes studying more enjoyable.
    [Show full text]
  • Ultimo Tafe Nsw
    SANDSTONE CARVINGS RECORDING ULTIMO TAFE NSW 1 SANDSTONE CARVINGS RECORDING ULTIMO TAFE NSW CONTENTS PART 1 INTRODUCTION 9 OVERVIEW 11 PART 2 PHOTOGRAPHIC RECORDING 17 PART 3 CONCISE REPORT 227 PART 1 INTRODUCTION & OVERVIEW 6 7 INTRODUCTION BACKGROUND This document presents a photographic record of sandstone carvings which adorn Buildings A, B & C, Ultimo TAFE, Sydney. Close to 100 carvings adorn the facade. Incorporated within the imposts and finials, the carvings largely depict Australian flora and fauna motifs. Funding was provided by the NSW Public Works Minister’s Stonework Program. Included is an inventory which identifies the principle features on each unique carving and an investigation into the history, context and significance of the carvings. Photography was undertaken in 2012-13 from scaffold constructed for façade repairs. No repairs were carried out on the carvings at this time. Recording significant carvings is an important aspect of stone conservation. It provides a record of the current condition of the stone, documentary evidence which can help determine the rate of deterioration when compared with future condition. Photographs record information for future generations, should they choose to re-carve due to loss of all recognisable detail. Recording also provides public access to and appreciation of these skilfully executed and unique carving located high on the façade. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This report was prepared by the Government Architect’s Office. Joy Singh and Katie Hicks co-ordinated and compiled the report, graphic design by Marietta Buikema and drawings by Milena Crawford. The history, context and significance were researched and written by Margaret Betteridge of MuseCape and Photography by Michael Nicholson.
    [Show full text]
  • Contaminant Chemistry and Toxicity of Sediments in Sydney Harbour, Australia: Spatial Extent and Chemistry–Toxicity Relationships
    Vol. 363: 71–87, 2008 MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES Published July 15 doi: 10.3354/meps07445 Mar Ecol Prog Ser Contaminant chemistry and toxicity of sediments in Sydney Harbour, Australia: spatial extent and chemistry–toxicity relationships Gavin F. Birch1,*, Stephanie McCready1, Edward R. Long2, Stuart S. Taylor1, 3, Gina Spyrakis1 1School of Geosciences, Environmental Geology Group, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia 2ERL Environmental, 3691 Cole Road South, Salem, Oregon 97306, USA 3URS, 116 Miller St., North Sydney, New South Wales, 2060, Australia ABSTRACT: The spatial distribution of chemical contamination and toxicity of surficial sediments in Sydney Harbour, Australia, was investigated in a 3-tiered, hierarchical approach. An initial chemical investigation throughout the entire estuary (Stage 1) indicated wide ranges and different spatial patterns in sediment chemical concentrations. Sediment quality guidelines (SQGs) were used as a preliminary estimate of possible toxicity in Stage 2 of the investigation. Assessment of chemical mixtures indicated that sediments in a small part (~2%) of the harbour had the highest probability of being toxic (~75%), whereas sediment in almost 25% of the port was estimated to have an inter- mediate (~50%) probability of being toxic. The SQG assessment in Stage 2 enabled careful stratifica- tion of the harbour into areas with different toxicity risks, reducing cost and time commitments in the final tier of assessment. The spatial survey carried out in Stage 3 involved concurrent chemical and ecotoxicological analyses. In this final stage, the degree of response in tests of amphipod survival in whole sediment samples, as well as in tests of microbial metabolism (Microtox©) and sea urchin egg fertilisation and embryo development in pore waters, generally increased with increasing chemical concentrations.
    [Show full text]
  • Sydney Short Ocean Racing Championships
    24 & 25 November 2018 SAILING INSTRUCTIONS www.ssorc.mhyc.com.au Organising Authority Middle Harbour Yacht Club Lower Parriwi Road, The Spit Mosman, NSW 2088 PO Box 106, Seaforth, NSW 2092 P: 02 9969 1244 F: 02 9969 3326 W: www.mhyc.com.au SAILING INSTRUCTIONS Premier Class Series - IRC /ORCi Performance Class Series - PHS (Incorporating the MHYC & CYCA Ocean Pointscores) The Organising Authority is the Middle Harbour Yacht Club (MHYC). Racing will be conducted with the assistance and support of the Cruising Yacht Club of Australia (CYCA). 1.0 RULES 1.1 The Championship will be governed by: the current Rules as defined in the Racing Rules of Sailing (RRS) the current Prescriptions and Special Regulations of Australian Sailing (AS) the IRC Class Rules 2017, Parts A, B and C (if applicable) the ORCi Class Rules 2017 (if applicable) the Class Rules of any One Design Class or Association, if applicable the current MHYC Conditions of Entry 1.2 Racing Rules of Sailing (RRS) will be changed as follows: RRS 52 does not apply to the adjustment and operation of sails or to the adjustment of movable appendages on any boat. RRS 78.2 - Valid Rating / Class certificates shall be produced by the due date specified in this Notice of Race. 1.3 Competing Crew are reminded of RRS 46 & RRS 56 and the requirement that all crew must be Members of a Club affiliated to its World Sailing Member National Authority (MNA). 2 NOTICES TO COMPETITORS 2.1 Notices to competitors will be posted on the Official Notice Board located in the ‘Breezeway’ adjacent to the main office at MHYC.
    [Show full text]
  • Water Recycling in Australia (Report)
    WATER RECYCLING IN AUSTRALIA A review undertaken by the Australian Academy of Technological Sciences and Engineering 2004 Water Recycling in Australia © Australian Academy of Technological Sciences and Engineering ISBN 1875618 80 5. This work is copyright. Apart from any use permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, no part may be reproduced by any process without written permission from the publisher. Requests and inquiries concerning reproduction rights should be directed to the publisher. Publisher: Australian Academy of Technological Sciences and Engineering Ian McLennan House 197 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052 (PO Box 355, Parkville Victoria 3052) ph: +61 3 9347 0622 fax: +61 3 9347 8237 www.atse.org.au This report is also available as a PDF document on the website of ATSE, www.atse.org.au Authorship: The Study Director and author of this report was Dr John C Radcliffe AM FTSE Production: BPA Print Group, 11 Evans Street Burwood, Victoria 3125 Cover: - Integrated water cycle management of water in the home, encompassing reticulated drinking water from local catchment, harvested rainwater from the roof, effluent treated for recycling back to the home for non-drinking water purposes and environmentally sensitive stormwater management. – Illustration courtesy of Gold Coast Water FOREWORD The Australian Academy of Technological Sciences and Engineering is one of the four national learned academies. Membership is by nomination and its Fellows have achieved distinction in their fields. The Academy provides a forum for study and discussion, explores policy issues relating to advancing technologies, formulates comment and advice to government and to the community on technological and engineering matters, and encourages research, education and the pursuit of excellence.
    [Show full text]