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Sydney Harbour a Systematic Review of the Science 2014
Sydney Harbour A systematic review of the science 2014 Sydney Institute of Marine Science Technical Report The Sydney Harbour Research Program © Sydney Institute of Marine Science, 2014 This publication is copyright. You may download, display, print and reproduce this material provided that the wording is reproduced exactly, the source is acknowledged, and the copyright, update address and disclaimer notice are retained. Disclaimer The authors of this report are members of the Sydney Harbour Research Program at the Sydney Institute of Marine Science and represent various universities, research institutions and government agencies. The views presented in this report do not necessarily reflect the views of The Sydney Institute of Marine Science or the authors other affiliated institutions listed below. This report is a review of other literature written by third parties. Neither the Sydney Institute of Marine Science or the affiliated institutions take responsibility for the accuracy, currency, reliability, and correctness of any information included in this report provided in third party sources. Recommended Citation Hedge L.H., Johnston E.L., Ayoung S.T., Birch G.F., Booth D.J., Creese R.G., Doblin M.A., Figueira W.F., Gribben P.E., Hutchings P.A., Mayer Pinto M, Marzinelli E.M., Pritchard T.R., Roughan M., Steinberg P.D., 2013, Sydney Harbour: A systematic review of the science, Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Sydney, Australia. National Library of Australia Cataloging-in-Publication entry ISBN: 978-0-646-91493-0 Publisher: The Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia Available on the internet from www.sims.org.au For further information please contact: SIMS, Building 19, Chowder Bay Road, Mosman NSW 2088 Australia T: +61 2 9435 4600 F: +61 2 9969 8664 www.sims.org.au ABN 84117222063 Cover Photo | Mike Banert North Head The light was changing every minute. -
Contaminant Chemistry and Toxicity of Sediments in Sydney Harbour, Australia: Spatial Extent and Chemistry–Toxicity Relationships
Vol. 363: 71–87, 2008 MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES Published July 15 doi: 10.3354/meps07445 Mar Ecol Prog Ser Contaminant chemistry and toxicity of sediments in Sydney Harbour, Australia: spatial extent and chemistry–toxicity relationships Gavin F. Birch1,*, Stephanie McCready1, Edward R. Long2, Stuart S. Taylor1, 3, Gina Spyrakis1 1School of Geosciences, Environmental Geology Group, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia 2ERL Environmental, 3691 Cole Road South, Salem, Oregon 97306, USA 3URS, 116 Miller St., North Sydney, New South Wales, 2060, Australia ABSTRACT: The spatial distribution of chemical contamination and toxicity of surficial sediments in Sydney Harbour, Australia, was investigated in a 3-tiered, hierarchical approach. An initial chemical investigation throughout the entire estuary (Stage 1) indicated wide ranges and different spatial patterns in sediment chemical concentrations. Sediment quality guidelines (SQGs) were used as a preliminary estimate of possible toxicity in Stage 2 of the investigation. Assessment of chemical mixtures indicated that sediments in a small part (~2%) of the harbour had the highest probability of being toxic (~75%), whereas sediment in almost 25% of the port was estimated to have an inter- mediate (~50%) probability of being toxic. The SQG assessment in Stage 2 enabled careful stratifica- tion of the harbour into areas with different toxicity risks, reducing cost and time commitments in the final tier of assessment. The spatial survey carried out in Stage 3 involved concurrent chemical and ecotoxicological analyses. In this final stage, the degree of response in tests of amphipod survival in whole sediment samples, as well as in tests of microbial metabolism (Microtox©) and sea urchin egg fertilisation and embryo development in pore waters, generally increased with increasing chemical concentrations. -
The Breeze Magazine 2020
MIDDLE HARBOUR YACHT CLUB OFFICIAL CLUB MAGAZINE 2020-2021 CONTENTS Welcome to The Breeze........................................................4 Sailability ............................................................27 Australian Sailing Team – A History of Success....................6 Marina Services and Facilities...........................29 Major Regattas and Events - Sydney Harbour Regatta.....8 Membership Benefits.........................................35 Sydney Short Ocean Racing Championship (SSORC).......13 Social Events......................................................42 Women’s Sailing....................................................................15 Harbourview Bar & Bistro...................................45 Junior and Youth Sailing.......................................................17 Sandbar Cafe ...................................................51 The MHYC Foundation, in Association with Frank Likely....19 Functions............................................................53 Charity & Corporate Regattas.............................................21 Club Sponsors and Supporters.........................59 Cruising..................................................................................23 Contact Us.........................................................63 Established in 1997, we are a multidisciplinary consulting firm specialising in structural, civil stormwater and remedial engineering design. We welcome the challenge of daring architectural design and pride ourselves on innovative engineered -
Manly, Warringah and Pittwater: First Fleet Records of Events, 1788-1790
Manly, Warringah and Pittwater: First Fleet Records of Events, 1788-1790 No. 5: Survey of Middle Harbour: 21st to 24th April, 1788. Acknowledgement The authors gratefully acknowledge assistance given by the staff of the Mitchell Library, Sydney. Copyright: Shelagh and George Champion, 1990. ISBN 0 9596484 7 X. The discovery of Middle Harbour above the Spit, and in particular the report by Captain Hunter of a run of fresh water feeding into the upper part of it, apparently led to Governor Phillip’s expedition of 15th April, 1788, which began in the Manly area and proceeded overland until the run of fresh water was reached. Our article, ‘Finding the right track’ deals with the exploration, 15th to 18th April. Another consequence of the discovery was a survey of Middle Harbour, carried out by Captain Hunter, Lieutenant Bradley, and James Keltie, the master of the Sirius. Seaman Jacob Nagle was a member of Governor Phillip’s boat crew. When this crew was not needed, Phillip used to send them out fishing at night. Nagle claimed that on one such excursion they found Middle Harbour, above the Spit: “On one of these excurcions, one night shooting the seen [seine] at the head of Middle Harbour, as we supposed, and shifting a long a rising sandy beach towards the north side, we found a narrow entrance, and going over the bank of sand, we discovered an other branch runing to the westward, full of coves, though we ware as far as this beach when surveying with the Govenor but did not discover the entrance of this branch. -
Woodleys Cottage Broken Bay Customs Station Station Beach, Barrenjoey
Woodleys Cottage Broken Bay Customs Station Station Beach, Barrenjoey "When worn out with city cares and weary with its strife, then hie thee unto Broken Bay to renew thy lease of life" F. S Stacy, Barranjoey Visitors Book 17 March 1900 There was a holiday at Barrenjoey; spent in an old stone cottage called Woodleys Cottage at the foot of a steep track (smuggler’s Track) leading up to Barrenjoey Lighthouse. - To get there we had to row from Gow’s Wharf at Palm Beach, Pittwater. In those days Palm Beach and Cronulla were regarded as far enough to go for a holiday; but on one occasion we let our hair down and rented a cottage at Wallarah Point, Tuggerah Lakes, reached by launch down the creek from Wyong. I can still taste the succulent prawns we used to catch there. Incidentally, the stone cottage under Barrenjoey was one of three customs cottages built in 1862 together with a substantial stone jetty. The customs station had been established there prior to this, in fact in 1843, as a result of the increased smuggling in Broken Bay. As early as May 1846 the Commissioner of Customs in London reported that the Custom Station at Broken Bay had been "successful in checking smuggling." Prior to the first World War transport to the Peninsular and Palm Beach in particular was, to say the least, difficult. Proceeding from Circular Quay one took a ferry to Manly, then a horse-drawn streetcar to Narrabeen where a ferry crossing was made of the lake. A sulky continued the journey to Church Point and finally one took another row-boat ferry to Palm Beach. -
Page 1 Sydney Harbour: Its Diverse Biodiversity Pat A. Hutchings
Sydney Harbour: its diverse biodiversity Pat A. Hutchings, Shane T. Ahyong, Michael B. Ashcroft, Mark A. McGrouther and Amanda L. Reid The Australian Museum, 6 College Street, Sydney NSW 2010 All records of crustaceans, molluscs, polychaetes, echinoderms and fishes from Sydney Harbour were extracted from the Australian Museum database, and plotted onto a map of Sydney Harbour that was divided into four regions. Records were analysed according to the number of species, genera and families present and over 3000 species were recorded, approximately double to triple the number of species found in the neighbouring Hawkesbury River, Botany Bay and Port Hacking. We examined the rate of accumulation of records and species over time since the 1860s, which followed a stepwise pattern usually correlated with the research activity of specific curators at the Australian Museum. The high species richness of Sydney Harbour is probably the result of multiple factors including significant tidal flushing and the high diversity of habitats present. Not all parts of the harbour have been well sampled, however, and we highlight areas and habitats that should be prioritised for further biodiversity surveys. An Appendix is provided listing all species in the five groups of animals considered here. The present study highlights the remarkable richness of the Sydney Harbour fauna and provides a consolidated background to guide future management and research, and emphasises the values of museum collections. ABSTRACT Key words: Sydney Harbour, diversity, crustaceans, molluscs, polychaetes, echinoderms, fishes http://dx.doi.org/10.7882/AZ.2012.031 Introduction Sydney Harbour is a drowned river valley that formed area of about 50 km2 and a total catchment of 500 km2 during a rise in sea level approximately 10,000 years (Birch and McCready 2009). -
Soft Sediment Macrophytes General Introduction and Context
Soft Sediment Macrophytes General Introduction and Context Estuaries contribute US$7.9 trillion annually to the The NSW Government has undertaken mapping global economy (Costanza et al., 1998). Much of of sub-tidal macrophytes in Sydney Harbour using this wealth can directly or indirectly attributed to aerial photographs. Mangroves and saltmarsh are estuarine flora. In estuaries, the main vegetation restricted to intertidal regions in Lane Cove River, types are seagrasses (worth AUS$19,000 ha.yr−1), Middle Harbour, and Parramatta River. saltmarsh and mangroves (AUS$9,990 ha.yr−1 combined; Costanza et al., 1998)). These three Saltmarsh has declined in Sydney Harbour and less habitats support the ecological and economic wealth than 37.5 ha remain. Of the 757 patches of saltmarsh 2 of Australia’s productive estuarine ecosystems. In remaining, most are small (< 100 m ) and isolated. this section of the report we deal with seagrasses, Mangroves have become more common in Sydney mangroves and saltmarsh collectively. However, it is Harbour. Over 184 ha have been observed in the important to note that the three floral types are not Harbour, despite being relatively uncommon prior to without significant differences in ecology. the 1870’s. Seagrasses are the only estuarine plants that can live totally submerged in oceanic water. While not truly grasses (i.e. not in the family Poceae), they are angiosperms (flowering plants). The term seagrass itself refers to a taxonomic grouping with much convergent morphology (Connell and Gillanders, 2007). Like most angiosperms, seagrass roots provide a mechanism for nutrient uptake. Unlike many terrestrial plants, however, a complex rhizome system linking individual shoots across several square km provides much of the structural support needed in high energy submerged environments. -
12. Bridge Tolls and Road Tolls 1. Bridge Tolls Sydney Harbour Bridge Value $45+ Administration and Collection of Bridge Toll W
12. Bridge tolls and road tolls 1. Bridge tolls Sydney Harbour Bridge Value $45+ Administration and collection of bridge toll was the responsibility of the Main Roads Board, later Department of Main Roads. Sydney Harbour Bridge toll charges 1932 6d motor cars and motor cycles with side cars attached plus 3d for any other adults; 3d bicycles, tricycles, motor cycles without side car; 3d sulkies and 4 wheel buggies and light carts; 3d horse and rider; 1/- vans, lorries, drays, wagons (tare not exceeding 2 tons); 2/- (between 2-3 tons); 3/- (over 3 tons); 2d (per head) horses or cattle (loose stock); 1d (per head) sheep or pigs (loose stock). The latter had to be driven over the bridge between 2-4am but this was soon replaced by trucking them. Children were initially charged 1d but this was dropped very early. From 4 April 1960 there was a flat rate single coin toll for each class of vehicle in either direction. (1/- for cars) and the toll was abolished for private cars. Only 3d 6d 1/- and 2/- tickets remained on issue. On 2 January 1962 the ticket system was replaced by a cash register system. On 4 July 1970 the toll was 20c, 40c for lorries over 2t. with one way collection and some automatic booths. In 1987 the toll was $1. Toll tokens were introduced in 1989 on a 4 month trial along with books of 25 tickets for $37.50, periodic passes (window stickers) & toll account voucher system. The tokens were also available from some local garages at a light discount for bags of 30. -
Port Hacking: an Aquatic Jewel Adjacent to Royal National Park
Port Hacking: an aquatic jewel adjacent to Royal National Park Rob Williams, Bob Creese, Tim Glasby, Greg West September 2011 Tidal cross section of estuarine foreshore Life in Saltmarsh Life in Mangroves Life in ‘bare’ sediments Life in Seagrass Photos by Dave Harasti Posidonia australis Halophila ovalis Zosterea capricornia Estuaries are complex ecosystems Chemical & biological processes Biodiversity Habitats Surrounded by fertile land – Rural impacts • increased sediments & nutrients Good places for harbours & cities – Industrial impacts • increased pollution, infrastructure Nice places for people to live near – Urban impacts • increased stormwater & sewage inflow Sealevel – the major driver of estuarine structure What are key estuarine habitats? 1. Natural physical features –Deep holes – Sand bars or mud banks –Rocky reefs What are key estuarine habitats? 2. Biological features – Mangrove forests - Saltmarsh – Seagrass beds - Algae What are key estuarine habitats? 3. Man-made physical features • Marinas, jetties • Oyster farms • Port facilities • Artificial reefs NSWNSW hashas 184184 coastalcoastal waterbodieswaterbodies Semi-enclosed embayments (6; e.g. Jervis Bay) Drowned river valleys (13; e.g. Port Hacking) Barrier estuary (51; e.g. Manning river estuary) ICOLLs (110; e.g. Lake Conjola) Brackish lakes (4) Australian Estuarine Classification Alternatives • Roy (1984) – Geomorphological, 4 3 zones • Rochford (1951, 1959) – Hydrological, 4 zones Hawkesbury River (DRV) DLWC photo Roy: Estuary evolution since sealevel stabilised 6,500 years ago – Catchment infilling Evolution of NSW Drowned River Valleys Proto-valley Evolutionary Stage: %Central Mud Basin Young Adolescent Adult Pensioner 90-60% 60-10% 10-1% <1% Stephens Port Stephens Hawkesbury Hawkesbury River (main channel) Pitt Pittwater Middle Harbour Middle H. Creek Parramatta Parramatta R. -
American Boomerang: Searching Aboriginal Sydney, 1928
American Boomerang: Searching Aboriginal Sydney, 1928 Word count: 6,050 For a few short weeks in March 1928, the complex and contradictory “rules” of Australian interracial sex became front page news. “White Girls with Negro Lovers” 1 screamed one headline. T he catalyst was the Sonny Clay Orchestra, the first African American jazz band to reach Australia, on contract to the Sydney and Melbourne Tivoli Theatre. The Commonwealth Investigation Branch (IB), alarmed by the musician’s appeal to 2 young white women, kept the band under surveillance. I n Melbourne, Victoria Police pounced, raiding the musician’s residence and arresting five white women for vagrancy. Within twenty-four hours, the government revoked the musicians’ visa and the band were on the Sydney overnight express, ready to catch the first steamer back to California. At the same time in Canberra, the Federal government ushered in a ban on the entry of all black 3 jazz musicians that would not be lifted until 1953. R eturned Servicemen’s League passed resolutions denouncing the “weak-minded and frivolous” white women for derailing the White Australia mission of racial homogeny.4 Of little interest to the tabloid newspapers was the story of the African American musicians’ friendship with some Aboriginal Sydney women, or, at least, I assume they were Aboriginal, certainly they were described as “coloured”. I know this because, on March 23, 1928, when the overnight express pulled into Sydney’s Central Station, members of Sonny Clay’s band were met by a contingent of photographers, reporters, police and protesters — 1 2 T ruth, March 31, 1928, p.1. -
Middle Harbour Creek Loop
Middle Harbour Creek Loop 5 hrs 45 mins Experienced only 5 15.1 km Circuit 570m This walk explores the upper reaches of Middle Harbour Creek, starting and ending at the great parklands at Davidson Park, in Garigal National Park. There are plenty of nice spots along the way to rest and enjoy the views. There are several sandstone overhangs, plenty of water views and most of the walk enjoys shade from the surrounding bushland. This walk is graded so high because of a tricky creek crossing (Rocky Creek) and the faint section of track afterwards. 67m 0m Garigal National Park Maps, text & images are copyright wildwalks.com | Thanks to OSM, NASA and others for data used to generate some map layers. Davidson picnic area Before You walk Grade Davidson Picnic Area is in Garigal National Park, under Roseville Bushwalking is fun and a wonderful way to enjoy our natural places. This walk has been graded using the AS 2156.1-2001. The overall Bridge (access via Warringah Road, south bound lanes, or via many Sometimes things go bad, with a bit of planning you can increase grade of the walk is dertermined by the highest classification along walking tracks in the area). The picnic area has a boat ramp, your chance of having an ejoyable and safer walk. the whole track. wheelchair-accessible toilets, large open grassy areas, picnic tables, Before setting off on your walk check free electric BBQ's, and a large rotunda. There are plenty of shady spots provided by the trees. The northern section of the picnic area 1) Weather Forecast (BOM Metropolitan District) 5 Grade 5/6 has a small beach swimming area, and the southern section boasts a 2) Fire Dangers (Greater Sydney Region) Experienced only boat ramp. -
Bushwalks in the Sydney Region Volume 2
This book was purchased via bushwalk.com store by {email} on {purchasedate} BUSHWALKS IN THE SYDNEY REGION. V0L 2 Edn 4. Editors: Stephen Lord and George Daniel. Design, Layout and Production: This publication would not have been possible Stephen Lord and George Daniel. without the track notes contributions of the following NPA members. Cover: From an oil painting "Rocky Ponds - Tank Creek, Brisbane Water National Park" Steve Bennetts Val Lincoln by George Daniel. (see walk 30) Trevor Bensley Stephen Lord Jean Blackman RosemaryMacDouga1 Published by: the National Parks Association Jeanette Blomfield Andrew Molnar of NSW Inc. PO Box A96, Sydney South, 1235. Jim Chapman Terry O'Brien John Clarke Greg Powell First Edition, May, 1993, Print run 5,000. George Daniel Anita Reidy Second Edition, July, 1995, Print run 5,000. Helen Fastovsky Pam Robinson Third Edition, March, 1998, Print run 5,000. Phil Foster Ian Schleter Fourth Edition, June, 2006, Print run 3,000. Flora Graham Caryll Sefton Ann Hamilton Len Sharp Printed on recycled paper by Dorothy Hart Richard Thompson Southwood Press, Pty Ltd, Sydney. Alan Heath Dick Weston Les Lawrenson Terry Whatman Distribution: NPA Head Office, PO Box A96, Sydney South, NSW 1235. The editors also gratefully acknowledge the Phone: (02) 9299 0000. assistance of the National Parks and Wildlife Fax: (O2) 9290 2525 Service and the Land and Property Information. Web: www.npansw.org.au Email: [email protected] All proceeds go to support NPA projects and activities. © Copyright, NPA of NSW Inc ISBN 0-9757416-0-8 Recommended retail price: $26.95 BUSHWALKS IN THE SYDNEY REGION VOLUME 2 Fourth Edition This book was purchased via bushwalk.com store by {email} on {purchasedate} Edited by Stephen Lord and George Daniel NATIONAL PARKS ASSOCIATION OF NSW INC, 2006 CONTENTS Introducon - 4; The NPA ― 5; Key Maps ― 6-7; Boxes index ― 33; Place names index - 159 Grades: E = Easy, EM = Easy/Medium, M = Medium, MH = Medium/Hard, H = Hard WALK CENTRAL AREA Days Grade KM Map/s Page 1.