First Report on the Russian Federation
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Identity, Autonomy and Conflict in Republics of Russia and Ukraine
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Communist and Post-Communist Studies 41 (2008) 79e91 www.elsevier.com/locate/postcomstud Identity, autonomy and conflict in republics of Russia and Ukraine Karina V. Korostelina Institute for Conflict Analysis and Resolution, George Mason University, 3330 N. Washington Blvd., Truland Building, 5th Floor, Arlington, VA 22201, United States Available online 19 February 2008 Abstract This paper discusses the results of the survey conducted in co-operation with the European Research Center for Migration and Ethnic Relations, concerning identity in the Autonomous Republics of Russia and Ukraine. The survey queried 6522 residents of such republics as Bash- kortostan, Karelia, Komi, Sakha (Yakutia), and Tatarstan in Russia, and Crimea in Ukraine. It examined the construction of social identities, common narratives regarding threats and deprivations, confidence in public institutions, the prevalence of views toward national minor- ities as ‘fifth columns’, ethnic stereotypes, ethnocentrism, and other conflict indicators. An early warning model, built on the basis of the results, measured the potential for conflict based on these factors, and found that it was most pronounced in Bashkortostan and Crimea, and to a lesser extent in Tatarstan. Conflict was less likely in Sakha, Karelia, and Komi, although there were still certain indicators that suggested potential problems, including moderate support for independence in these republics. Ó 2008 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of The Regents of the University of California. Keywords: Russia; Ukraine; Ethnic; National; Regional and religious identity; Autonomy; Conflict; Stereotypes; Threat; Trust; Deprivation; Ethnic minorities Introduction Since the fall of the USSR, several Autonomous Republics of the Russian Feder- ation have been seeking increased autonomy from Moscow. -
A Female Demon of Turkic Peoples
Acta Ethnographica Hungarica 64(2), 413–424 (2019) DOI: 10.1556/022.2019.64.2.11 Albasty: A Female Demon of Turkic Peoples Edina Dallos Research Fellow, MTA–ELTE–SZTE Silk Road Research Group, Hungary Abstract: Albasty is one of the most commonly known malevolent beings among Turkic peoples from the Altay Mountains via the Caucasus and up as far as the Volga River. This article focuses on Turkic data from the Volga region (Chuvash, Tartar, Bashkir) and the Eurasian Steppe (Kazak, Kyrgyz, Nogay, Uzbek). Various areas can be ascertained on the basis of verbal charms and folk-belief narratives. On the Eurasian Steppe, for example, Albasty was first and foremost a puerperal demon. In this territory, specialists (kuuču) were called in to keep away or oust the demon at birth. Many recorded legends and memorates concern healing methods and the process of becoming a healer. In contrast, epic texts or narratives are rarer,in the Volga region, yet there are certain verbal incantations against the Albasty, which here is rather a push or disease demon. Keywords: Turkic beliefs, Turkic folklore texts, Turkic demonology, folklore of Inner Asia In this paper, I will endeavour to give an overview of a mythical creature, the concept of which is widespread among most Turkic peoples. This belief has a long history and can also be evidenced in the myths and beliefs of peoples neighbouring the Turks. No other Turkic mythical beast has such extensive literature devoted to it as the Albasty. Although most relevant literature deals with the possible etymologies of the term, there are plenty of ethnographic descriptions available as well. -
History of the Turkish People
June IJPSS Volume 2, Issue 6 ISSN: 2249-5894 2012 _________________________________________________________ History of the Turkish people Vahid Rashidvash* __________________________________________________________ Abstract The Turkish people also known as "Turks" (Türkler) are defined mainly as being speakers of Turkish as a first language. In the Republic of Turkey, an early history text provided the definition of being a Turk as "any individual within the Republic of Turkey, whatever his faith who speaks Turkish, grows up with Turkish culture and adopts the Turkish ideal is a Turk." Today the word is primarily used for the inhabitants of Turkey, but may also refer to the members of sizeable Turkish-speaking populations of the former lands of the Ottoman Empire and large Turkish communities which been established in Europe (particularly in Germany, France, and the Netherlands), as well as North America, and Australia. Key words: Turkish people. History. Culture. Language. Genetic. Racial characteristics of Turkish people. * Department of Iranian Studies, Yerevan State University, Yerevan, Republic of Armeni. A Monthly Double-Blind Peer Reviewed Refereed Open Access International e-Journal - Included in the International Serial Directories Indexed & Listed at: Ulrich's Periodicals Directory ©, U.S.A., Open J-Gage, India as well as in Cabell’s Directories of Publishing Opportunities, U.S.A. International Journal of Physical and Social Sciences http://www.ijmra.us 118 June IJPSS Volume 2, Issue 6 ISSN: 2249-5894 2012 _________________________________________________________ 1. Introduction The Turks (Turkish people), whose name was first used in history in the 6th century by the Chinese, are a society whose language belongs to the Turkic language family (which in turn some classify as a subbranch of Altaic linguistic family. -
Between Integration and Resettlement: the Meskhetian Turks
BETWEEN INTEGRATION AND RESETTLEMENT: THE MESKHETIAN TURKS Oskari Pentikäinen and Tom Trier ECMI Working Paper # 21 September 2004 EUROPEAN CENTRE FOR MINORITY ISSUES (ECMI) Schiffbruecke 12 (Kompagnietor Building) D-24939 Flensburg Germany ( +49-(0)461-14 14 9-0 fax +49-(0)461-14 14 9-19 e-mail: [email protected] internet: http://www.ecmi.de ECMI Working Paper # 21 European Centre for Minority Issues (ECMI) Director: Marc Weller © Copyright 2004 by the European Centre for Minority Issues (ECMI) Published in August 2004 by the European Centre for Minority Issues (ECMI) List of Abbreviations.................................................................................................4 I. Introduction...........................................................................................................6 1. Who Are the Meskhetian Turks?...........................................................................9 2. A History of Forced Migration............................................................................11 II. The Meskhetian Turks’ Current Demographic and Socio-Political Situation.......13 1. Georgia...............................................................................................................15 2. Azerbaijan...........................................................................................................19 3. Ukraine...............................................................................................................20 4. Russia..................................................................................................................21 -
How Much Land Does a Man Need? by Leo Tolstoy
Lesson Ideas English Language Arts 6-12 How much land does a man need? By Leo Tolstoy How much land does a man need? is a short story written by Leo Tolstoy (1828-1910). In the story, Tolstoy reflects critically on the hierarchy of 19th century Russian society where the poor were deprived and the rich stayed wealthy. Personal belongings, property, and other forms of material wealth were measures of an individual’s worth and determined social class. Land shortage was a major issue in 19th century Russia, and in his story, Tolstoy associates the Devil with the main character’s greed for land. How much land does a man need? inspires discussion about the concepts of how greed and both socio-economic inequalities and injustices can contribute to our desire to “have more,” even if it means taking risks. The story also calls into question additional topics that students can apply to their own lives such as how we anticipate and justify the consequences of our actions when fueled by greed or other motivations. Many of these themes serve a double purpose as they are also relevant to building gambling literacy and competencies. After all, being able to identify our own tendencies toward greed can help us pause and perhaps rethink our decisions. And being mindful that we are more than our wealth can release us of the burden of comparing our and others’ financial value. Pahom sets out to encircle so much land that by the Brief summary afternoon he realizes he has created too big of a circuit. -
State Report Azerbaijan
ACFC/SR(2002)001 ______ REPORT SUBMITTED BY AZERBAIJAN PURSUANT TO ARTICLE 25, PARAGRAPH 1 OF THE FRAMEWORK CONVENTION FOR THE PROTECTION OF NATIONAL MINORITIES ______ (Received on 4 June 2002) _____ TABLE OF CONTENTS PART I............................................................................................................................................ 3 II. Aggression of the Republic of Armenia against the Republic of Azerbaijan..................... 9 III. Information on the form of the State structure.................................................................. 12 IV. Information on status of international law in national legislation .................................... 13 V. Information on demographic situation in the country ...................................................... 13 VI. Main economic data - gross domestic product and per capita income ............................. 15 VII. State’s national policy in the field of the protection of the rights of persons belonging to minorities ...................................................................................................................................... 15 VIII. Population awareness on international treaties to which Azerbaijan is a party to........ 16 P A R T II..................................................................................................................................... 18 Article 1 ........................................................................................................................................ 18 Article -
Durable Solutions for Meskhetian Turks: the Issue Revisited
Andrei Khanzhin* Durable Solutions for Meskhetian Turks: The Issue Revisited I. Introduction Meskhetian Turks, with their bitter experience of two deportations and years of living in exile, have been perhaps the most neglected group among the peoples forci- bly uprooted by Stalin’s order in . They remain one of the few groups not to have been officially rehabilitated or allowed to return. It is striking how shabby is the state of discourse and analysis in academic and policy circles about the history, culture and current situation of Meskhetian Turks. Though lately the number of publications on the issue seems to have increased, genuinely profound studies of the Meskhetian Turks are still lacking. In-depth knowledge on the level of their integration in different regions, on their preferences regarding repatriation or resettlement, on their lifestyle, practices, history and culture in general is in demand. Indeed, it is urgently needed, for well- informed solutions of their problems are long overdue. Meskhetian Turks want to be officially allowed to return to the region they were deported from; they seek assistance, not obstruction, in their endeavours to integrate into countries they have been living in for decades; many of them long to find a place where they could be spared harassment and the haunting fear of another displacement. Until recently, the international com- munity largely kept aloof from the problems of the Meskhetian Turks. Unfortunately, notwithstanding some seemingly positive recent developments, thus far, progress with regard to their repatriation tends to zero. Problems related to Meskhetian Turks’ inte- gration in receiving societies have not had their fair share of attention either. -
Oil and the Search for Peace in the South Caucasus: the Baku–Tbilisi–Ceyhan (BTC) Oil Pipeline
Oil and the Search for Peace in the South Caucasus: The Baku–Tbilisi–Ceyhan (BTC) oil pipeline December 2004 Acknowledgements The following research document is a result of 18 months intensive work of International Alert’s Business & Conflict – BTC Research project team: Adam Barbolet, Davin Bremner, Phil Champain, Rachel Goldwyn, Nick Killick, Diana Klein. The team would also like to thank many other Alert staff past and present, as well as the following regional experts who significantly contributed to the project. Burcu Gultekin Ashot Khurshudyan Razi Nurullayev Zviad Shkvitaridze Arif Yunusov Staff of Himayadar- Oil Information & Resource Centre in Baku The project team is grateful to the UK government’s Global Conflict Prevention Pool (GCPP) for its generous financial support. 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgements........................................................................................................................ 2 Acronyms........................................................................................................................................ 5 Executive summary........................................................................................................................ 7 1. Introduction.............................................................................................................................. 24 1.1 The contribution of the oil industry to conflict prevention – emerging conflict-sensitive management systems ............................................................................................................... -
9783956501845 Ebook.Pdf
Groups, Ideologies and Discourses: Glimpses of the Turkic Speaking World © 2016 Orient-Institut Istanbul ISTANBULER TEXTE UND STUDIEN HERAUSGEGEBEN VOM ORIENT-INSTITUT ISTANBUL BAND 10 © 2016 Orient-Institut Istanbul Groups, Ideologies and Discourses: Glimpses of the Turkic Speaking World edited by Christoph Herzog Barbara Pusch WÜRZBURG 2016 ERGON VERLAG WÜRZBURG IN KOMMISSION © 2016 Orient-Institut Istanbul Umschlaggestaltung: Taline Yozgatian Foto: Barbara Pusch Bibliografische Information der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie; detaillierte bibliografische Daten sind im Internet über http://dnb.d-nb.de abrufbar. Bibliographic information published by the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data are available in the Internet at http://dnb.d-nb.de. ISBN 978-3-95650-184-5 ISSN 1863-9461 © 2016 Orient-Institut Istanbul (Max Weber Stiftung) Das Werk einschließlich aller seiner Teile ist urheberrechtlich geschützt. Jede Verwertung des Werkes außerhalb des Urheberrechtsgesetzes bedarf der Zustimmung des Orient-Instituts Istanbul. Dies gilt insbesondere für Vervielfältigungen jeder Art, Übersetzungen, Mikro- verfilmung sowie für die Einspeicherung in elektronische Systeme. Gedruckt mit Unter- stützung des Orient-Instituts Istanbul, gegründet von der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft, aus Mitteln des Bundesministeriums für Bildung und -
Let the Mountains Sing
Let L mountains singN Prayers for the peoples of the Caucasus Every morning, the sun rises over the rugged Caucasus Mountains and casts its warm glow on more than 2,000 villages found between the Black and Caspian Seas. The Caucasus Mountains are largely unknown to the praying world; yet within these vast and beautiful mountains, some of the earth’s most unreached peoples live in oppressive spiritual darkness. Today, 45 distinct languages exist among the peoples of the Caucasus. Suspicious of outsiders, resistant to change, speaking some of the world’s most complex languages and shaped by war and conflict, the fiercly independent peoples of the Caucasus are — from a human perspective — a daunting challenge to the spread of the gospel. PEOPLE GROUPS of the CAUCASUS Every color on the map represents a distinct ethno-linguistic people group of the Caucasus. But even within these groups there are often additional linguistic breakdowns. Many of the 45 to 50 distinct Caucasus languages are among the most complex in the world. The world’s languages are categorized from Level 1, simplest to learn, to Level 4, most difficult. Most of the Caucasus languages are Level 4 languages. Source: NCRP-2014 For centuries, the Caucasus Mountains have hosted epic conquerors, power struggles, war and triumph. In Greek mythology, fire was created in the Caucasus. Prometheus was chained in its mountains. Arabs, Byzantines, Mongols, Persians, Tatars, Turks, Russians and Nazis have each tried to conquer and control the lands around the Caucasus. The many people of the Caucasus are resilient, holding fast Each rising sun carries the grace of another day for the to ancient traditions as they raise their families and support Caucasus — a day filled with hope and opportunity. -
Ethnic Discrimination in Multi-Ethnic Societies: Evidence from Russia
European Sociological Review, 2020, Vol. 36, No. 1, 104–120 doi: 10.1093/esr/jcz045 Advance Access Publication Date: 8 October 2019 Original Article Ethnic Discrimination in Multi-ethnic Societies: Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/esr/article-abstract/36/1/104/5583786 by University of Exeter user on 02 March 2020 Evidence from Russia Alexey Bessudnov 1,* and Andrey Shcherbak 2 1University of Exeter, Clayden Building, Streatham Rise, Exeter EX4 4PE, UK and 2National Research University Higher School of Economics, 20 Myasnitskaya ul., Moscow 101000, Russia *Corresponding author. Email: [email protected] Submitted February 2019; revised July 2019; accepted August 2019 Abstract Field experiments have provided ample evidence of ethnic and racial discrimination in the labour market. Less is known about how discrimination varies in multi-ethnic societies, where the ethnic composition of populations is different across locations. Inter-group contact and institutional arrange- ments for ethnic minorities can mitigate the sense of group threat and reduce discrimination. To pro- vide empirical evidence of this, we conduct a field experiment of ethnic discrimination in Russia with a sample of over 9,000 job applications. We compare ethnically homogeneous cities and cities with ethnically mixed populations and privileged institutional status of ethnic minorities. We find strong discrimination against visible minorities in the former but much weaker discrimination in the latter. These findings demonstrate how institutions and historical contexts of inter-group relations can affect ethnic prejudice and discrimination. Introduction applicants from minority groups. Racial and ethnic dis- crimination in the labour market is well documented. The field experiment has now become a standard In this article, we present the results of the first ethnic method for studying racial and ethnic discrimination in discrimination experiment conducted in Russia. -
Russia's Soft Underbelly
RUSSIA’S SOFT UNDERBELLY: THE STABILITY OF INSTABILITY IN DAGESTAN Edward W. Walker Winter 2000 Edward W. Walker is Executive Director of the Berkeley Program in Soviet and Post- Soviet Studies at UC Berkeley Acknowledgements The author wishes to thank Diahanna Lynch and Laura Henry for their research assistance; Sergei Arutiunov, Victoria E. Bonnell, George W. Breslauer, M. Steven Fish, Johanna Nichols, Ronald G. Suny, and Robert Ware for their helpful suggestions on earlier drafts; and Denise Monczewski and Alexandra Patten for their copy editing and production work. Support for the publication of this working paper comes from the National Security Education Program. A color version of this map can be found on the Internet at http://www.caspian.net/peoples.gif. 1 Introduction In the first week of August 1999, some 1,000-2,000 armed militants entered into the Republic of Dagestan from the breakaway region of Chechnya (Ichkeria) in an effort to “liberate” Dagestan from Russian occupation. Apparently comprised of a mix of Chechens, Dagestanis, and Islamic militants from Central Asia, Afghanistan, Pakistan, the Arab world, and possibly elsewhere, the Chechen-based insurgents were nominally directed by an organization called the United Headquarters of Daghestan Mujahadin and commanded by the Chechen guerilla “field commander,” Shamil Basaev, and his ally, a mysterious Jordanian or Saudi citizen of unknown ethnic background who goes by the name “Khattab.”1 The previous year, Basaev had been a central figure in the formation of the Congress of Peoples of Chechnya and Dagestan (CPCD), the main platform of which was the unification of Chechnya and Dagestan into a single independent Islamic state.