A Sociolinguistic Survey and Documentation of Endangered Turkic Varieties in Post-Soviet Kazakhstan
Total Page：16
File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
The Turkish Diaspora in Europe Integration, Migration, and Politics
GETTY GEBERT IMAGES/ANDREAS The Turkish Diaspora in Europe Integration, Migration, and Politics By Max Hoffman, Alan Makovsky, and Michael Werz December 2020 WWW.AMERICANPROGRESS.ORG Contents 1 Introduction and summary 4 Key findings 9 Detailed findings and country analyses 34 Conclusion 37 About the authors and acknowledgments 38 Appendix: Citizenship laws and migration history in brief 44 Endnotes Introduction and summary More than 5 million people of Turkish descent live in Europe outside Turkey itself, a human connection that has bound Turkey and the wider European community together since large-scale migration began in the 1960s.1 The questions of immigra- tion, citizenship, integration, assimilation, and social exchange sparked by this migra- tion and the establishment of permanent Turkish diaspora communities in Europe have long been politically sensitive. Conservative and far-right parties in Europe have seized upon issues of migration and cultural diversity, often engaging in fearmonger- ing about immigrant communities and playing upon some Europeans’ anxiety about rapid demographic change. Relations between the European Union—as well as many of its constituent member states—and Turkey have deteriorated dramatically in recent years. And since 2014, Turks abroad, in Europe and elsewhere around the world, have been able to vote in Turkish elections, leading to active campaigning by some Turkish leaders in European countries. For these and several other reasons, political and aca- demic interest in the Turkish diaspora and its interactions -
The Turkmen Date: March14, 2012 No: Art.2-C1412
The Turkmen Date: March14, 2012 No: Art.2-C1412 Being a family in the large Turkic race, any article about the Turkmen will be in short supply if it does not present information about the other two related terms; Turks and Oghus. Turks By referring to the excavation of the Russian archaeologists, the Turkish historian Y. Oztuna relates the origin of Turkic peoples to the Brachia-cephalic Andronovo Man who lived 2000 years BC on the widespread lands between Tanri and Altay mountains.1 The historians, who are specialized in pre-Islamic Turkish history such as W. Eberhard, B. Ögel and L. Rasonyi state that the Hsiung-nu (Asian Huns) are the Proto-Turks.2 J. Klaprothe, J.V. Hammer, W. Schott, A. Vambery, E. Oberhummer reports that the Turks were originally a vassal tribe of a people called the Jouan-Jouan, who might have been a remnant of the Hsiung-Nu, at some point thought to be approximately 522 BC. Kafesoglu identifies the Turks with the Hsiung-nu. According to him the ethno Turk was derived from the “Tu-ku” or “Tu-k'o”, the family or tribal name of Mo-tun (Turkish Teomen). In Zent-Avesta and Old Testament, the grandchild of the prophet Noah is called "Turk". Turac or Tur was the son of a ruler in Avesta, which was reported as a tribe named Turk.2 The Chinese Sources state that the Gokturks, Uygurs, and Kyrgyz are descended from the Hsiung-nu people.3 In their correspondences from 1328 BC, they use the name “Tik” for Bozkir Tribes. -
Islam in the North Caucasus: a People Divided Yavus Akhmadov
Liberty University DigitalCommons@Liberty University Faculty Publications and Presentations Helms School of Government 2001 Islam in the North Caucasus: A People Divided Yavus Akhmadov Stephen R. Bowers Liberty University, [email protected] Marion T. Doss, Jr. Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/gov_fac_pubs Part of the Other Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons, Political Science Commons, and the Public Affairs, Public Policy and Public Administration Commons Recommended Citation Akhmadov, Yavus; Bowers, Stephen R.; and Doss, Jr., Marion T., "Islam in the North Caucasus: A People Divided" (2001). Faculty Publications and Presentations. Paper 72. http://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/gov_fac_pubs/72 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Helms School of Government at DigitalCommons@Liberty University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Publications and Presentations by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@Liberty University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. 124 Religious Brotherhoods of Chechnya collapse of state authority, (2) a lack of faith in state officials, (3) economic adversity, and (4) persistent intervention by Islamic groups from abroad. The violence that came in 1999 to Dagestan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, and Tajikstan was driven by these factors and the Chechen situation is subject to the same factors. Connections with Taliban and Other Outside Groups Recognition of the fact that such an important and dynamic brotherhood can, like other Islamic movements for national liberation, pose a challenge to Western society prompts legitimate questions about their relationship with Islamic organizations outside the region. While Islam did much to provide spiritual comfort to Chechen soldiers during the 1994-96 war, it has undergone dramatic changes during the decade since the collapse of the USSR. -
Turkey and Iraq: the Perils (And Prospects) of Proximity
UNITED STATES INSTITUTE OF PEACE www.usip.org SPECIAL REPORT 1200 17th Street NW • Washington, DC 20036 • 202.457.1700 • fax 202.429.6063 ABOUT THE REPORT I RAQ AND I TS N EIGHBORS Iraq’s neighbors are playing a major role—both positive and negative—in the stabilization and reconstruction of “the new Iraq.” As part of the Institute’s “Iraq and Henri J. Barkey Its Neighbors” project, a group of leading specialists on the geopolitics of the region and on the domestic politics of the individual countries is assessing the interests and influence of the countries surrounding Iraq. In addition, these specialists are examining how Turkey and Iraq the situation in Iraq is impacting U.S. bilateral relations with these countries. Henri Barkey’s report on Turkey is the first in a series of USIP special reports on “Iraq The Perils (and Prospects) of Proximity and Its Neighbors” to be published over the next few months. Next in the series will be a study on Iran by Geoffrey Kemp of the Nixon Center. The “Iraq and Its Neighbors” project is directed by Scott Lasensky of the Institute’s Research and Studies Program. For an overview of the topic, see Phebe Marr and Scott Lasensky, “An Opening at Sharm el-Sheikh,” Beirut Daily Star, November 20, 2004. Henri J. Barkey is the Bernard L. and Bertha F. Cohen Professor of international relations at Lehigh University. He served as a member of the U.S. State Department Policy Planning Staff (1998–2000), working primarily on issues related to the Middle East, the eastern Mediterranean, and intelligence matters. -
Perceptual Dialectology and GIS in Kurdish 1
Perceptual Dialectology and GIS in Kurdish 1 Full title: A perceptual dialectological approach to linguistic variation and spatial analysis of Kurdish varieties Main Author: Eva Eppler, PhD, RCSLT, Mag. Phil Reader/Associate Professor in Linguistics Department of Media, Culture and Language University of Roehampton | London | SW15 5SL [email protected] | www.roehampton.ac.uk Tel: +44 (0) 20 8392 3791 Co-author: Josef Benedikt, PhD, Mag.rer.nat. Independent Scholar, Senior GIS Researcher GeoLogic Dr. Benedikt Roegergasse 11/18 1090 Vienna, Austria [email protected] | www.geologic.at Short Title: Perceptual Dialectology and GIS in Kurdish Perceptual Dialectology and GIS in Kurdish 2 Abstract: This paper presents results of a first investigation into Kurdish linguistic varieties and their spatial distribution. Kurdish dialects are used across five nation states in the Middle East and only one, Sorani, has official status in one of them. The study employs the ‘draw-a-map task’ established in Perceptual Dialectology; the analysis is supported by Geographical Information Systems (GIS). The results show that, despite the geolinguistic and geopolitical situation, Kurdish respondents have good knowledge of the main varieties of their language (Kurmanji, Sorani and the related variety Zazaki) and where to localize them. Awareness of the more diverse Southern Kurdish varieties is less definitive. This indicates that the Kurdish language plays a role in identity formation, but also that smaller isolated varieties are not only endangered in terms of speakers, but also in terms of their representations in Kurds’ mental maps of the linguistic landscape they live in. Acknowledgments: This work was supported by a Santander and by Ede & Ravenscroft Research grant 2016. -
Turkmen of Iraq
Turkmen of Iraq By Mofak Salman Kerkuklu 1 Mofak Salman Kerkuklu Turkmen of Iraq Dublin –Ireland- 2007 2 The Author Mofak Salman Kerkuklu graduated in England with a BSc Honours in Electrical and Electronic Engineering from Oxford Brookes University and completed MSc’s in both Medical Electronic and Physics at London University and a MSc in Computing Science and Information Technology at South Bank University. He is also a qualified Charter Engineer from the Institution of Engineers of Ireland. Mr. Mofak Salman is an author of a book “ Brief History of Iraqi Turkmen”. He is the Turkmeneli Party representative for both Republic of Ireland and the United Kingdom. He has written a large number of articles that were published in various newspapers. 3 Purpose and Scope This book was written with two clear objectives. Firstly, to make an assessment of the current position of Turkmen in Iraq, and secondly, to draw the world’s attention to the situation of the Turkmen. This book would not have been written without the support of Turkmen all over the world. I wish to reveal to the world the political situation and suffering of the Iraqi Turkmen under the Iraqi regime, and to expose Iraqi Kurdish bandits and reveal their premeditated plan to change the demography of the Turkmen-populated area. I would like to dedicate this book to every Turkmen who has been detained in Iraqi prisons; to Turkmen who died under torture in Iraqi prisons; to all Turkmen whose sons and daughters were executed by the Iraqi regime; to all Turkmen who fought and died without seeing a free Turkmen homeland; and to the Turkmen City of Kerkuk, which is a bastion of cultural and political life for the Turkmen resisting the Kurdish occupation. -
Linguocultural Characteristics of Guest Hosting Traditions of Kazakh and Turkish People1* Kazaklarin Ve Türklerin Misafirli
LINGUOCULTURAL CHARACTERISTICS OF GUEST HOSTING TRADITIONS OF KAZAKH AND TURKISH PEOPLE1* KAZAKLARIN VE TÜRKLERİN MİSAFİRLİK GELENEGİNİN LİNGUO-KÜLTÜREL ÖZELLİKLERİ Zubaida SHADKAM ** Yktiyar PALTORE *** Abstract Guest hosting and hospitality are inseparable parts of social life of humankind. They are even necessities for people. Every community has its own peculiar traditions of guest hosting, hospitality and table culture. In eastern cultures, especially in Kazakh and Turkish cultures, hospitality is considered as a privilege. Consequently, during talking about someone’s good qualities, it is of great importance to mention about his hospitality and cheer character. Alongside the hospitality, the plentiness of food on the host’s table and his welcoming mood are also considered as important qualities of a person. Linguistic cultural studies is a branch, which emerged on the junction of Linguistics and Culturology and investigates the relationships between language and culture, the reflection of a country’s culture on his language. A community’s traditions, rituals, customs and cultural units are not just preserved in products physical culture and behaviors of representatives of the given culture. The majority of this wealth is transmitted from generation to generation in the form of proverbs and sayings, linguistic units, etiquette clichés, which are considered as components of a language. There are some common peculiarities in speech units (clichés) and behaviors in guest hosting and table etiquette of the Kazakh and Turkish cultures. They are frequently used on the basis of such factors as person, tense, age, gender, location and others. Every community’s cultural peculiarity is observed first, in its trite behavioral and speech etiquette. -
History of the Turkish People
June IJPSS Volume 2, Issue 6 ISSN: 2249-5894 2012 _________________________________________________________ History of the Turkish people Vahid Rashidvash* __________________________________________________________ Abstract The Turkish people also known as "Turks" (Türkler) are defined mainly as being speakers of Turkish as a first language. In the Republic of Turkey, an early history text provided the definition of being a Turk as "any individual within the Republic of Turkey, whatever his faith who speaks Turkish, grows up with Turkish culture and adopts the Turkish ideal is a Turk." Today the word is primarily used for the inhabitants of Turkey, but may also refer to the members of sizeable Turkish-speaking populations of the former lands of the Ottoman Empire and large Turkish communities which been established in Europe (particularly in Germany, France, and the Netherlands), as well as North America, and Australia. Key words: Turkish people. History. Culture. Language. Genetic. Racial characteristics of Turkish people. * Department of Iranian Studies, Yerevan State University, Yerevan, Republic of Armeni. A Monthly Double-Blind Peer Reviewed Refereed Open Access International e-Journal - Included in the International Serial Directories Indexed & Listed at: Ulrich's Periodicals Directory ©, U.S.A., Open J-Gage, India as well as in Cabell’s Directories of Publishing Opportunities, U.S.A. International Journal of Physical and Social Sciences http://www.ijmra.us 118 June IJPSS Volume 2, Issue 6 ISSN: 2249-5894 2012 _________________________________________________________ 1. Introduction The Turks (Turkish people), whose name was first used in history in the 6th century by the Chinese, are a society whose language belongs to the Turkic language family (which in turn some classify as a subbranch of Altaic linguistic family. -
1 the Turks and Europe by Gaston Gaillard London: Thomas Murby & Co
THE TURKS AND EUROPE BY GASTON GAILLARD LONDON: THOMAS MURBY & CO. 1 FLEET LANE, E.C. 1921 1 vi CONTENTS PAGES VI. THE TREATY WITH TURKEY: Mustafa Kemal’s Protest—Protests of Ahmed Riza and Galib Kemaly— Protest of the Indian Caliphate Delegation—Survey of the Treaty—The Turkish Press and the Treaty—Jafar Tayar at Adrianople—Operations of the Government Forces against the Nationalists—French Armistice in Cilicia—Mustafa Kemal’s Operations—Greek Operations in Asia Minor— The Ottoman Delegation’s Observations at the Peace Conference—The Allies’ Answer—Greek Operations in Thrace—The Ottoman Government decides to sign the Treaty—Italo-Greek Incident, and Protests of Armenia, Yugo-Slavia, and King Hussein—Signature of the Treaty – 169—271 VII. THE DISMEMBERMENT OF THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE: 1. The Turco-Armenian Question - 274—304 2. The Pan-Turanian and Pan-Arabian Movements: Origin of Pan-Turanism—The Turks and the Arabs—The Hejaz—The Emir Feisal—The Question of Syria—French Operations in Syria— Restoration of Greater Lebanon—The Arabian World and the Caliphate—The Part played by Islam - 304—356 VIII. THE MOSLEMS OF THE FORMER RUSSIAN EMPIRE AND TURKEY: The Republic of Northern Caucasus—Georgia and Azerbaïjan—The Bolshevists in the Republics of Caucasus and of the Transcaspian Isthmus—Armenians and Moslems - 357—369 IX. TURKEY AND THE SLAVS: Slavs versus Turks—Constantinople and Russia - 370—408 2 THE TURKS AND EUROPE I THE TURKS The peoples who speak the various Turkish dialects and who bear the generic name of Turcomans, or Turco-Tatars, are distributed over huge territories occupying nearly half of Asia and an important part of Eastern Europe. -
Turkiye Turkcesi Agizlari
_____________________________________________________________________________________ Akademik Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, Yıl: 6, Sayı: 72, Haziran 2018, s. 34-42 Yayın Geliş Tarihi / Article Arrival Date Yayınlanma Tarihi / The Publication Date 07.05.2018 30.06.2018 Arş. Gör. Dr. Anıl ÇELİK Bartın Üniversitesi, Yeni Türk Dili [email protected] TÜRKİYE TÜRKÇESİ AĞIZLARINDA {+lAmA} BİRLEŞİK EKİNİN HASTALIK ADLARI TÜRETME İŞLEVİ ÜZERİNE Öz Birleşik ek, en sade tanımlamasıyla “Birden fazla ekin birleşmesinden oluşan ek” demektir. Türkiye Türkçesinde bulunan birleşik eklerden birisi de {+lAmA} ekidir. Bu ek, Türkiye Türkçesi Ağızlarında hastalık adı yapma anlamsal işleviyle sıklıkla kullanılmaktadır. Fakat gramer çalışmalarının ilgili kısımlarında ekin bu anlamsal işlevi yeterince ön plana çıkarılmamıştır. Bu araştırmada, Türkiye Türkçesi Ağızla- rında tespit edilen {+lAmA} yapısı aracılığıyla kurulmuş hastalık adları tespit edi- lerek sıralanmış, bunların anlamsal yapıları incelenmiş, söz konusu kelimelerin tü- retiminde kullanılan adların {+lA} ekli kullanımlarının olup olmadığı ve eğer kul- lanımları varsa bunların {+lAmA} yapısı aracılığıyla oluşturulan adlarla anlamsal uyumluluk durumlarının nasıl olduğu hususu irdelenmiştir. Bu çalışma, {+lAmA} birleşik ekinin Türkiye Türkçesi Ağızlarındaki kullanım biçimleri ve ekin anlamsal işlevlerinin değerlendirilmesi noktasında bir katkı sağlamayı amaçlamaktadır. Anahtar kelimeler: Birleşik Ek, Hastalık Adları, Türkiye Türkçesi Ağızları, Anlamsal İşlev. Türkiye Türkçesi Ağızlarında {+Lama} -
A Balkanist in Daghestan: Annotated Notes from the Field Victor A
A Balkanist in Daghestan: Annotated Notes from the Field Victor a. Friedman University of Chicago Introduction and Disclaimer The Republic of Daghestan has received very little attention in the West. Chenciner (1997) is the only full-length account in English based on first-hand visits mostly in the late 1980's and early 1990's. Wixman's (1980) excellent study had to be based entirely on secondary sources, and Bennigsen and Wimbush (1986:146-81 et passim), while quite useful, is basically encyclopedic and somewhat dated. Since Daghestan is still difficult to get to, potentially unstable, and only infrequently visited by Western scholars (mostly linguists), I am offering this account of my recent visit there (16-20 June 1998), modestly supplemented by some published materials. My intent is basically informative and impressionistic, and I do not attempt to give complete coverage to many topics worthy of further research. This account does, however, update some items covered in the aforementioned works and makes some observations on Daghestan with respect to language, identity, the political situation, and a comparison with the another unstable, multi-ethnic, identity construction site, i.e., Balkans, particularly Macedonia. Background Daghestan is the third most populous Republic in the Russian Federation (after Bashkortostan and Tatarstan; Osmanov 1986:24). The northern half of its current territory, consisting of the Nogai steppe and the Kizljar region settled in part by Terek Cossacks, was added in 1922, after the fall of the North Caucasian -
Russia's Peacetime Demographic Crisis
the national bureau of asian research nbr project report | may 2010 russia’s peacetime demographic crisis: Dimensions, Causes, Implications By Nicholas Eberstadt ++ The NBR Project Report provides access to current research on special topics conducted by the world’s leading experts in Asian affairs. The views expressed in these reports are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of other NBR research associates or institutions that support NBR. The National Bureau of Asian Research is a nonprofit, nonpartisan research institution dedicated to informing and strengthening policy. NBR conducts advanced independent research on strategic, political, economic, globalization, health, and energy issues affecting U.S. relations with Asia. Drawing upon an extensive network of the world’s leading specialists and leveraging the latest technology, NBR bridges the academic, business, and policy arenas. The institution disseminates its research through briefings, publications, conferences, Congressional testimony, and email forums, and by collaborating with leading institutions worldwide. NBR also provides exceptional internship opportunities to graduate and undergraduate students for the purpose of attracting and training the next generation of Asia specialists. NBR was started in 1989 with a major grant from the Henry M. Jackson Foundation. Funding for NBR’s research and publications comes from foundations, corporations, individuals, the U.S. government, and from NBR itself. NBR does not conduct proprietary or classified research. The organization undertakes contract work for government and private-sector organizations only when NBR can maintain the right to publish findings from such work. To download issues of the NBR publications, please visit the NBR website http://www.nbr.org.