ISLAMIC SPIRITUALITY (WS-639)

Yahya M. Michot

This course explores the nature and diversity of by looking at the origins and development of Islamic spiritual thought and practices in history. The course will remain anchored by focusing on important personalities in the mystical trad- itions of through their literature and poetry, devotional path and/or music.

Class will meet during 10 days: from Tuesday January 3, 2017 to Saturday 7, and from Monday January 9 to Friday 13, 9 a.m. - 1:30 p.m. Each of these classes will have two parts: A) Lecture; B) Discussion of the required readings.

Course Objectives

1) Students should be able to find their way around in the major reference works on Sufism. 2) They are expected to gain an acquaintance with the ways classical Islamic spirituality developed, the historical and ideological contexts in which it evolved, its key figures and the main doctrines, schools or movements it crystallized into. 3) In reference to the classical period, they should also be able to have an informed opinion on modern Sufi developments and debates. 4) They should be able to benefit from the methodological approach adopted in these classes and apply them for their own studies and/or research projects.

Course Requirements

1) It is strongly recommended that the student arrive at the first class already having a general knowledge about the religion of Islam, as well as about the history and geography of Muslim peoples. They should also be able to find their way around in the major reference tools for (Encyclopaedia of Islam, Index Islamicus…). 2) Daily preparations and readings (THE ASSIGNMENTS ARE ESSENTIAL), class participation, final presentation. 3) Attendance in class is required. If you know that you will be unable to attend a class please inform the professor in advance. Missing two classes will result in an automatic lowering of your final grade by 30%. Missing three or more classes will result in automatic failure of the course.

The final grade will be based upon the following:

1) Active class participation (50%). 2) The presentations during Class X (January 13). Each student, or group of students, will be responsible for the oral presentation and discussion of a pre-modern Muslim spiritual master and his/her social-cultural context. This oral presentation (30%) will be based on an original written research paper (8 pages maximum, 20%), to be submitted to the teacher, and circulated on paper in the class, before the presentation. The topic should be chosen by the end of class V in consultation with the professor. * All written work is to conform to the seminary writing guidelines, which can be found online at: http://www.hartsem.edu/student/forms/researchpaperguide.pdf. It must use the transliteration system given in class I. It must be run through a grammar and spell-check program or read by the writing tutor if necessary before submission. The Hartford Seminary Grading Guidelines will be the standard of evaluation for work in the course. IMPORTANT: Plagiarism, the failure to give proper credit for the words and ideas of another person, whether published or unpublished, is strictly prohibited. All written material submitted by students must be their own original work; where the words and ideas of others are used they must be acknowledged. Credit will not be given for work containing plagiarism, and plagiarism will lead to failure of a course. Please see the Hartford Seminary Catalogue for the full plagiarism policy.

General references

ENCYCLOPAEDIA OF ISLAM, INDEX ISLAMICUS… ENDRESS, Gerhard, Islam: An Historical Introduction. Translated by Carole HILLENBRAND (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2002 – 2d ed.), viii & 301 p., ISBN 0-7486-1620-9. RUTHVEN, Malise, with Azim NANJI, Historical Atlas of the Islamic World (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004), 208 p., 0-19-860997-3. HEWER, Christopher, Understanding Islam: The first ten steps (London: SCM Press, 2006), xi & 244 p. 0334-04032-9. KNYSH, Alexander, Islamic Mysticism. A Short History (Leiden: Brill, 2000), xii, 358 p., 90-04-10717-7. SCHIMMEL, Annemarie, Mystical Dimensions of Islam (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, [1975]), xxi, 506 p. CHITTICK, William C. (ed.), The Inner Journey. Views from the Islamic Tradition (Sandpoint: Morning Light Press, 2007), xix & 318 p., 1-59675-016-2. AMIR-MOEZZI, Mohammad Ali (Sous la direction de), Le voyage initiatique en terre d’islam. Ascensions célestes et itinéraires spirituels (Paris: Le Cerf, “Islam. Nouvelles approches”, 2015), xvi &376 p., 978-2-204-10481-4. RENARD, John, Friends of God. Islamic Images of Piety, Commitment, and Servanthood (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2008), xx, 346 p., 978-0-52025198-4. SHIHADEH, A. (ed.), Sufism and Theology (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2007), vi, 201 p., 978-0-7486-2605-2. ARBERRY, Arthur John, Sufism: an Account of the Mystics of Islam (London: Unwin, 1990), [1], 11 - 141p. NICHOLSON, Reynold A., The mystics of Islam (London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1975), vii - 178 p., 0-7100-1892-4. JAMAL, Mahmood, Islamic Mystical Poetry. Sufi Verse from the Mystics to . Edited with translations and introduction (London: Penguin Books, 2009), 40 & 336 p., 978-0-140-42473-7. MORRIS, James, An Arab Machiavelli? Rhetoric, Philosophy and Politics in Ibn Khaldun’s Critique of Sufism, in Harvard Middle Eastern and Islamic Review, 8 (2009), p. 242-291. MORRIS, James, Situating Islamic ‘Mysticism’: Between Written Traditions and Popular Spirituality, in R. A. HERRERA (ed.), Mystics of the Book: Themes, Topics, and Typologies (New York: Lang, 1993), p. 293-334. HALICI, Nevin, Sufi Cuisine. Translated by Ümit HUSSEIN. Foreword by Claudia RODEN. Original Miniatures by Ahmet EFE (London: Saqi, 2005), 240 p., 9-780863-565816.

CLASS SCHEDULE

Class I. Tuesday Jan. 3. INTRODUCTION. CONTROVERSIAL ORIGINS General references: KNYSH, Alexander, Historiography of Sufi Studies in the West, in A Companion to the History of the Middle East, ed. Youssef M. CHOUEIRI (Malden: Blackwell Publishing, 2005), p. 106-131. ERNST, Carl W., The Shambhala Guide to Sufism (Boston & London: Shambhala, 1997), xxi, 264 p., 1-57062-180-2. Chapter 2: The Sacred Sources of Sufism, p. 32-57. ‘AṬṬÂR, Farîd al-Dîn, The Conference of the Birds - Manṭiq al-Ṭayr. Translated with an introduction by Afkham DARBANDI and Dick DAVIS (Harmondsworth - New York: Penguin Books, 1984). Reading assignments: a. SCHIMMEL, Annemarie, Mystical dimensions of Islam — Chapter I: What is Sufism?, p. 3-22 b. MACDONALD, Duncan Black, Aspects of Islam (New York: The Macmillan Company, 1911) — Lecture VI: The mystical life and the darwish fraternities continued, p. 176-209. c. Copy from the press, magazines, or internet, some article or video exploring the nature of Islamic spirituality, for presentation and discussion in class.

Class II. Wednesday Jan. 4. FIRST DEVELOPMENTS General references: KARAMUSTAFA, Ahmet T., Sufism. The Formative Period (Berkeley - Los Angeles: University of California Press, 2007), xiii, 202 p., 978-0-520-25269-1. SELLS, Michael A., Early Islamic Mysticism. Sufi, Qur’ān, Mi’rāj, Poetic and Theological Writings. Translated, edited and with an Introduction. Preface by Carl W. ERNST (New York - Mahwah: Paulist Press, “The Classics of Western Spirituality”, 1996), xi, 398 p., 0-8091-3619-8. BALDICK, Julian, Mystical Islam. An Introduction to Sufism (London - New York: Tauris Parke Paperbacks, 2000 - 2d éd.), 208 p., 1-86064-631-x. — Chapter I: Sufism’s beginnings, p. 13-33. MELCHERT, Christopher, The Ḥanābila and the Early Sufis, in Arabica, 58, 2001, p. 352-367. CORNELL, Rkia Elaroui, Early Sufi Women. an-Niswa al-Muta‘abbidât aṣ-Ṣûfiyyât by Abû ‘Abd al-Raḥmân as- Sulamî. Edited and translated from the Riyadh manuscript with Introduction and notes (Louisville: Fons Vitae, 1999), 334 p., 1-887752-06-4. SMITH, Margaret, Râbi‘a the Mystic and her Fellow-Saints in Islam. Being the Life and Teachings of Râbi‘a al- ‘Adawiyya al-Qaysiyya of Baṣra together with some Account of the Place of the Women Saints in Islam (Cambridge: Cambridge U.P., 1984), xxxv - 219 p. ‘ABD AL-QÂDIR, ‘Alî Hasan, The Life, Personality and Writings of al-Junayd. A Study of a Third/Ninth Century Mystic with an Edition and Translation of his Writings (London: Luzac, 1976). Reading assignments: a. HOMERIN, Th. E., Ibn Taimîya’s Al-Ṣûfîyah wa-al-Fuqarâ’, in Arabica, XXXII (Leiden: 1985), p. 219-244. b. MELCHERT, Christopher, Baṣran Origins of Classical Sufism, in Der Islam, 82, 2005, p. 221-240.

Class III. Thursday Jan. 5. AL-ḤALLÂJ & NORMALISATION General references: LOSENSKY, Paul, Farîd ad-Dîn ʻAṭṭâr’s Memorial of God’s friends : lives and sayings of Sufis. Translated and introduced. Preface by Th. Emil HOMERIN (NewYork: Paulist Press, 2009). MASSIGNON, Louis, The Passion of al-Ḥallāj, Mystic and Martyr of Islām. Translated from the French with a biographical foreword by Herbert MASON, 4 vols. (Princeton: Princeton University Press, “Bollingen series, 98”, 1982). —, The Passion of al-Hallâj, Mystic and Martyr of Islâm. Translated and edited by Herbert MASON. Abridged edition (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1994), xxxi, 292 p., 0-691-01919-3. MICHOT, Yahya, Ibn Taymiyya’s Commentary on the Creed of al-Îallâj, in A. SHIHADEH (ed.), Sufism and Theology (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2007). — P. 123-136. KALÂBÂDHÎ, Muḥammad ibn Isḥâq (AL-, d. 380/990?), The Doctrine of the Sufis (Kitâb al-Ta‘arruf li- ahl al- taṣawwuf). Translated from the Arabic by A. J. ARBERRY (Cambridge: CUP, 1977), xviii, 173 p. QUSHAYRÎ (AL-, d. 1072), Principles of Sufism (al-Risâlat al-Qushayriyya fî ‘ilm al-taṣawwuf). Transl. from the Arabic by B.R. VON SCHLEGELL, with an introd. by Ḥâmid ALGAR (Berkeley, Calif.: Mizan Press, [1992]), xix, 366 p., 0- 933782-20-9. HUJWIRÎ, ‘Alî b. ‘Uthmân (AL-, d. 1077), The al-Maḥjûb. The oldest Persian Treatise on Sufism. Transl. from the text of the Lahore edition, compared with mss. in the India Office and British Museum by Reynold A. NICHOLSON (Leyden: Brill, ‘E.J.W. Gibb Memorial series, 17’, 1911), 443 p. Reading assignments: a. SCHIMMEL, Annemarie, Mystical dimensions of Islam —Al-Ḥallāj, p. 62-77. b. QUSHAYRÎ (AL-, d. 1072), The Risalah. Principles of Sufism. Translated by Rabia HARRIS. Edited by Laleh BAKHTIAR (Chicago: Kazi Publications, 2002), lx, 513 p., 1-930637-22-5. — Last section: Advice for Spiritual Students, p. 473- 487.

Class IV. Friday Jan. 6. , AL-GHAZÂLÎ General references: NASR, Seyyed Hossein (ed.), Islamic Spirituality. II, Manifestations (London: SCM Press, “World Spirituality, 20”, 1991), 0-334-02433-1. — Chapter 22: Theology, Philosophy, and Spirituality, p. 395-446. MICHOT, Y., Dés-altération et épiphanie: une lecture avicennienne de la danse mevlevie, in Selçuk Üniversitesi. 6. Millî Mevlânâ Kongresi. Tebliğler, 24-25 mayıs 1992, Konya (Konya: Selçuk Üniversitesi Rektörlügü, “Selçuk Üniversitesi Yayınları n° 110 - Selçuklu Arastırmaları Merkezi Yayınları n° 9”, 1993), p. 25-33. http://www.scribd.com/doc/65092407/Yahya-Michot-Des-alteration-et-epiphanie -une-lecture-avicennienne-de-la-danse-mevlevie GARDEN, Kenneth, The First Islamic Reviver. Abū Ḥāmid al-Ghazālī and his Revival of the Religious Sciences (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014), xiii & 238 p., 978-0-19-998962-1. TREIGER, Alexander, Inspired Knowledge in Islamic Thought. Al-Ghazālī’s theory of mystical cognition and its Avicennian foundation (London - New York: Routledge, 2012), xi & 183 p., 978-1-138-78942-5. BELL, Joseph Norment, Avicenna's Treatise on Love and the Nonphilosophical Muslim Tradition, in Der Islam, 63/1 (Berlin - New York: Walter de Gruyter, 1986), p. 73-89. GÜRER, Dilaver, “Sûfî” İbn Sînâ ve Makâmâtü’l-Ârifîn (Istanbul: Gelenek Yayıncılık, « Tasavvuf Kitaplığı », 2012), 117 p., 978-975-6138-89-2. Reading assignments: a. FACKENHEIM, Emil L., A Treatise on Love by Ibn Sînâ, in Mediaeval Studies (1945), p. 208-228. Download from: www.muslimphilosophy.com/sina/works/avicenna-love.pdf. b. TREIGER, Alexander, Monism and Monotheism in al-Ghazālī’s Mishkāt al-anwār, in Journal of Quranic Studies, 9.1 (2007), p. 1-27.

Class V. Saturday Jan. 7. SEVEN DIMENSIONS, I-II: GNOSTICISM & AESTHETICISM General references: ADDAS, C., Quest for the red sulphur: the life of Ibn ‘Arabī. Translated from the French by P. KINGSLEY (Cambridge: Islamic Texts Society, 1993), xiii, 347 p., 0946621454. HIRTENSTEIN, Stephen, The Unlimited Mercifier. The spiritual life and thought of Ibn ‘Arabî (Oxford: Anqa Publ. - Ashland, Oregon: White Cloud Press, 1999), xi, 289 p., 0-9534513-2-1. ABRAHAMOV, Binyamin, Ibn al-‘Arabī and the Sufis (Oxford: Anqa Publishing, 2014), viii & 192 p., 978-1-905937-52- 3. IBN ‘ARABĪ, Perfect Harmony. . Calligraphy by Hassan MASSOUDY (Boston: Shambhala, 2002), [64] p., 1-57062-981-1. CHITTICK, W. C., The Sufi Path of Knowledge. Ibn al-‘Arabī’s Metaphysics of Imagination (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1989), xxii, 478 p., 0-88706-885-5. —, The Self-Disclosure of God. Principles of Ibn al-‘Arabī’s Cosmology (Albany: State University of New York Press, ‘SUNY Series in Islam’, 1998). KNYSH, A. D., Ibn ‘Arabî in the Later Islamic Tradition. The Making of a Polemical Image in Medieval Islam (New York: State University of New York Press, ‘SUNY Series in Islam’, 1999), xvi, 449 p., 0-7914-3968-2. BAYHAN, Nevzat (ed.), Modern çağ ve İbn-i Arabî - Ibn Arabî and Modern Era (Istanbul: İstanbul Büyükşehir Belediyesi Kültür A. Ş. Yayınları, 2008), 324 p., 978-605-5592-14-1. JEFFERY-STREET, Isobel, Ibn ‘Arabi and the Contemporary West. Beshara and the Ibn ‘Arabi Society (Sheffield - Oakville: Equinox Publishing Ltd., 2012), x & 286 p., 978-1-84553-671-8. CHITTICK, William C., Faith and Practice of Islam. Three Thirteenth Century Sufi Texts. Translated, Introduced, and Annotated (Albany: State Univ. of New York Press, “SUNY Series in Islam”, 1992), xv & 306 p., 0-7914-1368-3. The website of the Ibn ‘Arabi Society: http://www.ibnarabisociety.org. LEWISOHN Leonard (ed.), The Legacy of Mediæval Persian Sufism. Introduction by NASR Seyyed Hossein (London - New York: Khaniqahi Nimatullahi Publications, 1992), xiv, 434 p., 0-933546-47-5. AVERY, Kenneth, S., A Psychology of Early Sufi Samā‘: Listening and Altered States, London, Routledge, 2004. GRIBETZ, Arthur, The Samā‘ Controversy: Sufi vs. Legalist, in Studia Islamica, 74, 1991, p. 101-144. SCHIMMEL, Annemarie, I am Wind, you are Fire: the Life and Work of Rûmî (Boston, Mass.: Shambhala, 1992), [5], 214, [2] p. ARBERRY, A. J., Discourses of Rûmî (New York: Samuel Weiser Inc., 1977), ix & 276 p., 0-87728-179-3. LEWIS, Franklin D., Rumi. Past and Present, East and West. The Life, Teaching and Poetry of Jalâl al-Din Rumi (Oxford: Oneworld, 2000), xvii, 686 p., 1-85168-214-7. CHITTICK, W. C., The Sufi Doctrine of Rumi. Foreword by (Bloomington: World Wisdom, 2005), xiv, 103 p., 0-941532-88-7. HALMAN Talat Sait, AND Metin, Mevlana Celaleddin Rumi and The Whirling , - Whirling Rituals - Poems of Ecstasy - Miniature Paintings (Istanbul: Dost Yayinlari, 1983), 110 p. HOMERIN, Th. Emil, From Arab Poet to Muslim Saint. Ibn al-Fârid, His Verse, and his Shrine (Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, ‘Studies in Comparative Religion’, 1994), xii - 162 p., 0-87249-980-4. —, ‘Umar Ibn al-Fâriḍ. Sufi Verse, Saintly Life. Translated and Introduced by –. Preface by Michael A. SELLS (New York - Mahwah, NJ: Paulist Press, ‘The Classics of Western Spirituality’, 2001), xvii - 366 p., 0-8091-4008-X. Reading assignments: a. CHITTICK, W. C., Ibn ‘Arabî’s Own Summary of the Fusûs, p. 1-11. PDF downloadable on internet from: http://www.ibnarabisociety.org/works.html. b. Poem of the Sufi Way (Naẓm al-sulûk). Translated in Th. E. HOMERIN, ‘Umar Ibn al-Fâriḍ. Sufi Verse, Saintly Life. Translated and Introduced (New York - Mahwah, NJ: Paulist Press, ‘The Classics of Western Spirituality’, 2001)— P. 75-95 (verses 1-75) & p. 271-291 (verses 686-761).

Class VI. Monday Jan. 9. SEVEN DIMENSIONS, III-IV: OBEDIENCE AND LAWLESSNESS General references: BELL, J. N., Love Theory in Later Ḥanbalite Islam (Albany: State University of New York Press, ‘Studies in and Science’, 1979). FARHADI, Ravan, ‘Abdullâh Ansârî of Herât (1006-1089 C.E.). An Early Sûfî Master. (Richmond: Curzon, “Curzon Sufi Series”, 1996), xiv, 158 p., 0-7007-0313-6. IBN AL-JAWZÎ, Abû l-Faraj (d. 1201), The Devil's Deception. Talbîs Iblîs, Edited Translation by Abu Ameenah Bilal PHILIPS (Birmingham: Al-Hidaayah Publishing and Distribution, 1417/1996), 72 p., 1-898649-20-0. IBN QAYYIM AL-JAWZIYYA (d. 1350), The Magnificent Journey. Being a Translation of ar-Risâlat ut-Tabûkiyyah (The Message from Tabûk). Translation and Comments by Muhammad AL-JIBALI (Arlington: Al-Qur'ân was-Sunnah Society of North America, 1995), xvii, 80 p, 1-886451-00-1. AMINRAZAVI, Mehdi, The Wine of Wisdom. The life, Poetry and philosophy of Omar Khayyam (Oxford: Oneworld, 2007), ix & 394 p., 978-1-85168-504-2. SMITH, Paul, Sarmad. Life & Poems. Translations and Introduction (Victoria: Book Heaven, “Introduction to Sufi Poets Series”, 2014), 111 p., 978-1499720082. EZEKIEL, Isaac A., Sarmad, Martyr to Love Divine (Dera Baba Jaimal Singh: Radha Soami Satsang Beas, 2005), xvi & 374 p., 81-8256-672-X. Reading assignments: a. KARAMUSTAFA, A., God’s Unruly Friends : Groups in the Islamic Later Middle Period, 1200-1550 (Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press, 1994). — Chapter III-IV, p. 25-49. b. JÎLÂNÎ (AL-; 561/1166), ‘Abd al-Qâdir, Revelations of the Unseen (Futûh al-Ghayb). A Collection of Seventy-Eight Discourses, Translated from the Arabic by Muhtar HOLLAND (Fort Lauderdale: Al-Baz Publishing, 1999), 1-882216- 01-6. —Chapters 60 to 70, p. 144-165. OR c. ‘Umar KHAYYÂM (d. 517/1123), The Rubaiyât. Translation by Edward FITZGERALD.

Class VII. Tuesday Jan. 10. SEVEN DIMENSIONS, V-VI: MUHAMMADAN PIETY & FUTUWWA General references: NASR, Seyyed Hossein (ed.), Islamic Spirituality. II, Manifestations — Chapter 15: Spiritual Chivalry, p. 304-315. MCGREGOR, R. & SABRA, A., (eds.), Le développement du soufisme en Égypte à l’époque mamelouke (: Institut Français d’Archéologie Orientale, ‘Cahier des Annales islamologiques, 27’, 2006). MAHJUB, Muhammad Ja‘far, Chivalry and Early Persian Sufism, in Leonard LEWISOHN (ed.), The Heritage of Sufism (Classical persian Sufism from its Origins to Rumi (700-1300), Vol. I (Oxford: Oneworld, 1999), p. 549-581. Stations of the Righteous (Darajât al-ṣâdiqîn) & The Stumblings of those Aspiring (Zalal al-fuqarâ’). Two Texts from The Path of Blame by Abû ‘Abd al-Raḥmân AL-SULAMÎ al-Naysabûrî (d. 412/1021). Introduced and Translated by Kenneth L. HONERKAMP, in Three Early Sufi texts (Louisville: Fons Vitae, 2003), viii, 192 p., 1-887752-51-X, p. 83- 192. BIRGIVI, Mehmed b. Pîr ‘Alî, The Path of Muhammad (al-Tariqâh al-Muhammadiyyah), A Book on Islamic Morals and Ethics, & The Last Will and Testament (Vasiyyetname). Interpreted by Shaykh Tosun BAYRAK al- al-Halveti. Foreword by Shaykh ABDUL MABUD. Introduction by Vincent J. CORNELL (Bloomington: World Wisdom, Inc., 2005), xv, 351 p., 0-941532-68-2. BŒSPFLUG, François, Le Prophète de l’islam en images. Un sujet tabou ? (Montrouge: Bayard, 2013), 189 p., 978-2- 227-48669-0. IRWIN, Robert, Futuwwa: Chivalry and Gangsterism in Medieval Cairo, in Muqarnas, 21 (Leiden - Boston: Brill, 2004), p. 162-170. Reading assignments: a. SABRA, Adam, Illiterate Sufis and Learned Artisans: The Circle of ‘Abd al-Wahhâb al-Sha‘rânî, in R. MCGREGOR & A. SABRA, (eds.), Le développement du soufisme…, p. 153-168. b. AL-JÂZÛLÎ (d. 870/1465), Dalâ’il al-Khayrât. Downloadable as Delail-i Hayrat, from http://www.naksibendi.org/ books.html. See also: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dala%27il_al-Khairat.

Class VIII. Wednesday Jan. 11. SEVEN DIMENSIONS, VII: SHAYKHS AND SHRINES General references: SPENCER TRIMINGHAM, J., The Sufi Orders in Islam (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1973). — Chapter I: The Formation of Schools of Mysticism, p. 1-30. OCAK, Ahmet Yaşar (ed.), Sufism and Sufis in Ottoman Society. Sources, Doctrine, Rituals, Turuq, Architecture, Literature and fine Arts, Modernism (Ankara: Atatürk Supreme Council for Culture, Language and History, “Publications of the Turkish Historical Society, XXX/3a”, 2005), xxxv & 650 p., 975-16-1832-0. POPOVIC, A. & VEINSTEIN, G. (sous la direction de), Les Voies d’Allah. Les ordres mystiques dans l’islam des origines à aujourd’hui (Paris, Fayard, 1996), 711 p., 2-213-59449-X. KUGLE, Scott, Sufis & Saints’ Bodies: Mysticism, Corporeality & Sacred Power in Islam (Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, “Islamic Civilization & Muslim Networks”, 2007), xvi - 345 p., 978-0-8078-5789-2. ERNST, Carl W., Eternal Garden. Mysticism, History, and Politics at a South Asian Sufi Center. Foreword by Annemarie SCHIMMEL (New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2d ed., 2004), xxxvi & 381 p., 019566869-3. KINGSLEY BIRGE, J., The of Dervishes (London, 1937). FERRARO, Jennifer & BOLAT, Latif, Quarreling with God. Mystic rebel Poems of the Dervishes of Turkey. Translated & Compiled (Ashland: White Cloud Press, 2007), xxiv & 120 p., 978-1-883991-68-5. — Bektâshîs, ‘Alevîs. NETTON, Ian Richard, Sūfī Ritual. The Parallel Universe (Richmond: Curzon Press, “Curzon Sufi Series”, 2000), xi & 219 p., 0-7007-1242-9. — Ni‘matullâhîs, Naqshbandîs, and their Rituals. OHLANDER, Erik, Sufism in an Age of Transition: ʿUmar al-Suhrawardi and the Rise of the Islamic Mystical Brotherhoods (Leiden: Brill, 2008). STYER, Mustafa (ed.), Songs of Presence. Qasidas of the Path - Nasâ’im al-Ḥaḍra. Qaṣâ’id al-ṭarîqat al- shâdhiliyya (n.p.: IhsanPress, 2014), xxvii & 93 & 295 & ‘ayn p., 978-0-9560161-4-0. Reading assignments: a. HOMERIN, Th. Emil, Saving Muslim Souls: The Khānqāh and the Sufi Duty in Mamluk Lands, in Mamlūk Studies Review, vol. 3 (Chicago, 1999), — Pages 59–83. b. JACKSON, Sherman, A., Sufism for Non-Sufis?: Ibn ‘Aṭâ’ Allâh al-Sakandarî’s Tâj al-‘Arûs (New York: Oxford University Press, 2012), x & 155 p., 978-0-19-987367-8. — Pages 119-147, nos 261-345.

Class IX. Thursday Jan. 12. GOD’S WAYS IN TODAY’S WORLD General references: DE JONG, Frederick & RADTKE, Bernd (eds.), Islamic Mysticism Contested: Thirteen Centuries of Controversies and Polemics (Leiden: Brill, “Islamic History and Civilization. Studies and Texts, 29”, 1999), 90-04-11300-2. SIRRIYEH, E., Sufis and Anti-Sufis: The Defence, rethinking and Rejection of Sufism in the Modern World (Richmond: Curzon, 1999), xiii, 188 p., 0-7007-1060-4. BURKE, Omar Michael, Among the Dervishes, An account of travels in Asia and Africa, and four years studying the Dervishes, Sufis and , by living among them (London: The Octagon Press, 1973), 203 p., 900-860-17-0. HERMANSEN, Marcia, Hybrid identity Formations in Muslim America: The Case of American Sufi movements, in The Muslim World, 90/1-2, 2000, p. 158-197. NASR, Seyyed H., Living Sufism (London: Unwin Paperbacks, ‘Mandala Books’, 1980), [vi], 166 p., 0-04-297038-5. Reading assignments: a. TAJI-FAROUKI, Suha, Ibn ‘Arabi meets New Age? Sufism and Sufi Spirituality in the Contemporary West: The Case of The Beshara Movement, in Nevzat BAYHAN (ed.), Modern çağ ve İbn-i Arabî - Ibn Arabî and Modern Era (Istanbul: İstanbul Büyükşehir Belediyesi Kültür A. Ş. Yayınları, 2008), 324 p., 978-605-5592-14-1 — P. 275-294. b. IBN AL-RAWANDI, Islamic Mysticism. A Secular Perspective (Amherst, N. Y.: Prometheus Books, 2000), 259 p., 1- 57392-767-8 — Chapter 6: Sufism: A Secular Perspective, p. 139-164.

Class X. Friday Jan. 13. STUDENTS’ PRESENTATIONS