DOCSLIB.ORG

Allah, Muslim Sufi Saint and Gift of Heaven

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Allah, Muslim Sufi Saint and Gift of Heaven Ibn ‘Ata’ Allah, Muslim Sufi Saint and Gift of Heaven Ibn ‘Ata’ Allah, Muslim Sufi Saint and Gift of Heaven By Abu Bakr Sirajuddin Cook Ibn ‘Ata’ Allah, Muslim Sufi Saint and Gift of Heaven By Abu Bakr Sirajuddin Cook This book first published 2017 Cambridge Scholars Publishing Lady Stephenson Library, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE6 2PA, UK British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Copyright © 2017 by Abu Bakr Sirajuddin Cook All rights for this book reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owner. ISBN (10): 1-4438-9568-7 ISBN (13): 978-1-4438-9568-2 CONTENTS Preface ...................................................................................................... viii Acknowledgements .................................................................................... xi Part I Chapter One ................................................................................................. 2 Introduction The Transmission of Sufism .................................................................. 4 Limitations ............................................................................................. 5 Problematising “Sufism” ....................................................................... 7 Chapter Two .............................................................................................. 13 Problematising Sufism Approaches to the Term “Sufism” ....................................................... 13 “Sufism” as “Islamic Mysticism” ........................................................ 13 “Sufism” as “Islamic Sufism” .............................................................. 21 The Term “Sufism” .............................................................................. 26 Systematic Sufism ................................................................................ 30 One Further Difficulty ......................................................................... 31 Some Consequences for the Study of Sufism ...................................... 33 Part II Chapter Three ............................................................................................ 40 The Case of Ibn ‘Ata’ Allah The Works of Ibn ‘Ata’ Allah .............................................................. 40 Provision as an Entry Point to Ibn ‘Ata’ Allah’s Oeuvre ..................... 42 Qur’anic Hermeneutics ........................................................................ 45 The Science of Prophethood ................................................................ 49 The Importance of Ibn ‘Ata’ Allah ...................................................... 53 The Life of Ibn ‘Ata’ Allah .................................................................. 55 Re-Examining the Works of Ibn ‘Ata’ Allah ....................................... 58 The Interconnections ............................................................................ 60 vi Contents Chapter Four .............................................................................................. 63 Metaphysics Definition of Metaphysics .................................................................... 64 The Oneness of Allah ........................................................................... 65 Tawhid in the Qur’an and Hadith ........................................................ 66 Understanding “there is no god but Allah” .......................................... 67 The Proofs of Tawhid .......................................................................... 70 The Goal of Tawhid ............................................................................. 78 Implications of the Metaphysics of Tawhid ......................................... 81 Chapter Five .............................................................................................. 84 Ontology From Essence to Existence .................................................................. 86 The Isthmus ......................................................................................... 89 The Role of Creation ............................................................................ 90 Cause and Effect .................................................................................. 95 Obedience ............................................................................................ 97 Poverty and the Poor ............................................................................ 99 Rizq within the Ontological Domain ................................................. 102 The Perception of Hardships .............................................................. 104 Chapter Six .............................................................................................. 108 Epistemology The Importance of Self-Knowledge ................................................... 109 Repentance and Disobedience ........................................................... 111 Patient Endurance and Contentment .................................................. 112 The Goal of Knowledge ..................................................................... 115 Slavehood and Self-direction ............................................................. 118 Obedience and Disobedience ............................................................. 119 Certainty ............................................................................................ 123 Knowledge and Rizq .......................................................................... 124 Chapter Seven .......................................................................................... 128 Eschatology Eschatology as an Impetus ................................................................. 130 The Individual and Their Relationship to the Hereafter .................... 133 The Individual and Their Relationship to the Hereafter in Allah’s Foreknowledge ............................................................................. 134 The Hereafter and Allah’s Mercy ...................................................... 135 Obedience and Disobedience ............................................................. 137 The Paradox of the Life to Come ....................................................... 139 The Soteriological Elements of Eschatology ..................................... 141 Ibn ‘Ata’ Allah, Muslim Sufi Saint and Gift of Heaven vii Chapter Eight ........................................................................................... 144 Ethics The Importance of Adab .................................................................... 145 The Function of Adab ........................................................................ 148 The Process of Adab .......................................................................... 149 Forgetfulness and Remembrance ....................................................... 151 The Degrees of Adab ......................................................................... 152 Adab with Allah ................................................................................. 155 Adab and Rizq ................................................................................... 156 Anxiety over Rizq .............................................................................. 158 Seeking from Allah ............................................................................ 159 Adab and Soteriology ........................................................................ 160 Chapter Nine ............................................................................................ 163 Soteriology The Problem and Goal of Ibn ‘Ata’ Allah’s Soteriology ................... 163 Signs in the Qur’an ............................................................................ 167 Signs Upon the Horizons and Within Themselves ............................. 168 Soteriological Development ............................................................... 169 The Soteriological Function of Knowledge ....................................... 171 Arriving at the Qualities of the Faqir ................................................. 172 Contentment and Soteriological Development .................................. 175 The Pedagogical Function of the Problem of Rizq ............................ 176 The Problem of Rizq as a Sign........................................................... 178 The Solution to the Problem of Rizq ................................................. 179 Chapter Ten ............................................................................................. 182 Ibn ‘Ata’ Allah and Islamic Orthodoxy The Opposition between Ibn ‘Ata’ Allah and Ibn Taymiyya ............. 184 Ibn Taymiyya’s Charges against the Sufis ......................................... 186 Tawhid, Allah, and Creation .............................................................. 188 The Implications of Tawhid for Ontology ......................................... 191 Conclusion ............................................................................................... 195 Bibliography ............................................................................................ 197 Index ........................................................................................................ 207 PREFACE A contemporary Sufi
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Islam Religion in the Americas
    1879 Hall Princeton University Princeton, NJ 08544 Graduate Program religion.princeton.edu IslamReligion in the Americas Program Overview The graduate program in Islam approaches Islamic Studies in all its facets and dimensions – historical, textual, and ethnographic, with a particular Sample Course offerings interest in connecting the study of Muslim texts and contexts with larger theoretical questions and conversations in the field of Religious Studies • Major Trends and Debates in Islamic Studies and the broader Humanities and Social Sciences. • Religious Authority in Modern Islam Course offerings in the program provide students with a firm grounding • Studies in the History of Islam: in important historical and contemporary debates and arguments in the Legal Theory and Social Realities study of Islam and their relation to wider methodological challenges and • problems. Courses in the Islam subfield combine rigorous thematic Representations of Sex and Gender in the Islamic Tradition engagements with particular aspects of Muslim thought and practice in • Late Medieval and Early Modern Islam the past and in the present. The subfield focuses on acquiring critical • skills required for independent research. Qur’anic Studies Collectively, the faculty of the Islam subfield bring together a range of research interests and specializations including premodern and modern Weekly Workshop and Subfield Activities Islam, Islamic Law, gender, Islamic history, Muslim scholarly knowledge, traditions and institutions, Sufism, and Qur’anic Studies. The Islam workshop is a weekly forum that brings together graduate students and faculty of the subfield to share and engage Applicants should have advanced preparation in Arabic and/or other works-in-progress. The workshop also features guest talks and Islamicate languages relating to their proposed areas of interest.
    [Show full text]
  • Rituals of Islamic Spirituality: a Study of Majlis Dhikr Groups
    Rituals of Islamic Spirituality A STUDY OF MAJLIS DHIKR GROUPS IN EAST JAVA Rituals of Islamic Spirituality A STUDY OF MAJLIS DHIKR GROUPS IN EAST JAVA Arif Zamhari THE AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY E P R E S S E P R E S S Published by ANU E Press The Australian National University Canberra ACT 0200, Australia Email: [email protected] This title is also available online at: http://epress.anu.edu.au/islamic_citation.html National Library of Australia Cataloguing-in-Publication entry Author: Zamhari, Arif. Title: Rituals of Islamic spirituality: a study of Majlis Dhikr groups in East Java / Arif Zamhari. ISBN: 9781921666247 (pbk) 9781921666254 (pdf) Series: Islam in Southeast Asia. Notes: Includes bibliographical references. Subjects: Islam--Rituals. Islam Doctrines. Islamic sects--Indonesia--Jawa Timur. Sufism--Indonesia--Jawa Timur. Dewey Number: 297.359598 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. Cover design and layout by ANU E Press Printed by Griffin Press This edition © 2010 ANU E Press Islam in Southeast Asia Series Theses at The Australian National University are assessed by external examiners and students are expected to take into account the advice of their examiners before they submit to the University Library the final versions of their theses. For this series, this final version of the thesis has been used as the basis for publication, taking into account other changesthat the author may have decided to undertake.
    [Show full text]
  • Understanding the Concept of Islamic Sufism
    Journal of Education & Social Policy Vol. 1 No. 1; June 2014 Understanding the Concept of Islamic Sufism Shahida Bilqies Research Scholar, Shah-i-Hamadan Institute of Islamic Studies University of Kashmir, Srinagar-190006 Jammu and Kashmir, India. Sufism, being the marrow of the bone or the inner dimension of the Islamic revelation, is the means par excellence whereby Tawhid is achieved. All Muslims believe in Unity as expressed in the most Universal sense possible by the Shahadah, la ilaha ill’Allah. The Sufi has realized the mysteries of Tawhid, who knows what this assertion means. It is only he who sees God everywhere.1 Sufism can also be explained from the perspective of the three basic religious attitudes mentioned in the Qur’an. These are the attitudes of Islam, Iman and Ihsan.There is a Hadith of the Prophet (saw) which describes the three attitudes separately as components of Din (religion), while several other traditions in the Kitab-ul-Iman of Sahih Bukhari discuss Islam and Iman as distinct attitudes varying in religious significance. These are also mentioned as having various degrees of intensity and varieties in themselves. The attitude of Islam, which has given its name to the Islamic religion, means Submission to the Will of Allah. This is the minimum qualification for being a Muslim. Technically, it implies an acceptance, even if only formal, of the teachings contained in the Qur’an and the Traditions of the Prophet (saw). Iman is a more advanced stage in the field of religion than Islam. It designates a further penetration into the heart of religion and a firm faith in its teachings.
    [Show full text]
  • Curriculum Vitae
    CURRICULUM VITAE ALEXANDER D. KNYSH Professor of Islamic Studies Department of Middle East Studies University of Michigan 202 Thayer Building Ann Arbor, MI 48104-1608, USA Tel. (734) 615-1963; e-mail: [email protected] EDUCATION: Institute for Oriental Studies, USSR Academy of Sciences, Leningrad (presently St. Petersburg), Ph.D. in Islamic Studies, 1980-1986 State University of Leningrad (presently St. Petersburg), Department of Oriental Studies, B.A./M.A. in Arabic Literature and Culture, 1974-1979 (Honors) ACADEMIC POSITIONS: 1997-present, Professor of Islamic Studies, University of Michigan May-June, 2017, Visiting Professor/Researcher, Forschungszentrum “Bildung und Religion”, Georg-August-Universität, Göttingen, Germany, http://www.uni-goettingen.de/de/das- zentrum/110217.html. 2014-2015, European Association of Institutes for Advanced Study (EURIAS); Senior Fellow (http://www.2018-2019.eurias- fp.eu/fellows?promotion=89&city=Helsinki%2C+Finland&felowship_category=All&discipline =All), The Helsinki Collegium for Advanced Studies, Helsinki, Finland. 2013-present, Project Director, Political Islam/Islamism: Theory and Practice in Comparative and Historical Perspective. St. Petersburg State University, Russian Federation (http://islab.spbu.ru/). 2012 (May-June), Visiting Professor of Islamic Studies, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Astana, Kazakhstan 2011 (December), Visiting Professor of Islamic history, Kazakh National University named after al-Farabi, Almaty, Kazakhstan 2008-2009, Associate Director, Center for Middle Eastern and North African Studies, University of Michigan Winter 2008, Visiting Professor of Islamic studies, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C. 2007-2008, Fellow, Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, Washington D.C. 2006-2010, Co-Director, Islamic Studies Initiative, interdisciplinary program funded for the Page | 2 Office of the Provost, the Dean of the College of Literature Science and the Arts, and the International Institute, University of Michigan.
    [Show full text]
  • CURRICULUM VITAE (Abridged) August 2021
    CURRICULUM VITAE (abridged) August 2021 Irfan A. Omar, Ph.D. Department of Theology Marquette University Marquette Hall, 115 [email protected] P.O. BOX 1881 Tel: 414-288-3746 Milwaukee, WI 53201 ========================================================================================================================================================================== Special Fields History of Religions, Peace Studies, Islam & Interfaith Relations Education 2021 Certificate of Completion, “‘Forbidden Knowledge’ Fights Back: Unleashing the Transformative Power of Critical Race Theory,” The African American Policy Forum, CRT Summer School 2011 Certificate of Completion, “Women in South Asian Muslim Societies,” American Institute of Indian Studies, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 2001 Ph.D., Religion, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 1996 M.A., Religion, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 1994 M.A., Religious Studies, Hartford Seminary, Hartford, CT 1986 B.A., Liberal Arts, St. Stephen’s College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India Academic Positions 2010-- --Associate Professor, Department of Theology, Marquette University 2018-- --Honorary Affiliate, Middle East Studies Prog, Univ of Wisconsin-Madison 2014-- --Affiliated Faculty, Center for South Asia, University of Wisconsin-Madison 2002-2010 --Assistant Professor, Department of Theology, Marquette University 2007 (Sum) --Visiting Lecturer, Fachbereich Ev. Theologie, J. W. Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt, Germany 2006 (Spr) --Fulbright Lecturer, Faculty of Theology, Muhammadiyah
    [Show full text]
  • Islamic Ethics in Australian Muslim Everyday Life: a Shi’Ite Perspective Mohamad Younes
    Islamic Ethics in Australian Muslim Everyday Life: A Shi’ite Perspective Mohamad Younes Master’s Thesis in Sociology Spring Term 2017 Humanities and Communication Arts Western Sydney University 1 17481784 Mohamad Younes 2 17481784 Mohamad Younes ABSTRACT Despite the strong emphasis on ethics within the Islamic tradition, Islamic ethics itself is scarcely represented as a discipline within academic scholarship (Ansari 1989). Even within this area, Islamic ethics have predominantly been studied from Sunni perspectives, with little attention being paid to Shi’ite or other minority understandings. This thesis will, therefore, use qualitative data collection methods of semi-structured in-depth interviews and focus groups, to sociologically study the perceptions, understandings, and applications of Islamic ethics in Australian Shi’ite Muslim everyday living. It will investigate the overarching understanding of Islamic ethics and its specific application in Australian Shi’ite Muslim context. The project's objective, therefore, is twofold: one to strengthen Islamic ethics as an independent discipline; and two to address the scant attention Shi’ite Islamic ethics has received in Islamic ethics scholarship generally. Conceptually, this project will contribute to the understanding of Islamic ethics through a particular analysis of Shi’ite Islamic ethics in an Australian Shi’ite context. This is significant as specific understandings of Islamic ethics in certain contexts help to explain how minority groups such as Shi’ite Muslims develop their own ethical standards to shape social relations in society. In addition, this thesis argues for Shi’ite Islamic ethics to be highly Imamate based; that is, very reliant on the actions and sayings of 12 divinely guided Imams (leaders).
    [Show full text]
  • A Study on the Theory of God's Science of Maturidi School Cunping
    Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, volume 328 4th International Conference on Humanities Science and Society Development (ICHSSD 2019) A Study On the Theory of God's Science of Maturidi School Cunping Yun School of Foreign Language, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China, 730050 [email protected] Keywords: Islamic theology, The science of God, Maturidi school Abstract: Maturidi school is one of the two pillars of Sunni sect in Islamic theology. In the heated debate on Islamic dogmatics, Maturidi school unswervingly protected the authority of the Book and the reason and became the one of the founders of the Sunni theology. Maturidi school successfully applied dialectical principles to ensure the supremacy of the Scriptures and at the same time upheld the role of the reason. They maintained a more rational and tolerant attitude toward many issues, and it is called "Moderatism"by the Sunni scholars. The thought of Maturidi school spread all over Central Asian countries, Afghanistan, India, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Rome, Persian, Turkey, Egypt and China ,etc.. In today's globalized and diversified international situation, it is of great significance to enhance the study of Maturidi school's theological thought, especially it's theory of God's Science in order to promote ideological and cultural exchanges between our country and Muslim world and to enhance the mutual understanding. 1. Introduction Muslims began to argue about the fundamental principles of Islamic belief after the Prophet passed away. And some muslim scholars even touched upon the theological questions like the essence, attributes of Allah and the relationship between human and the universe in the influence of foreign cultures of Greece, Persia and Syria, and then ＂Ilm El-Kalam＂(Islamic theology) came into being.
    [Show full text]
  • The Public Sphere During the Later Abbasid Caliphate (1000- 1258 CE): the Role of Sufism
    The Public Sphere during the Later Abbasid Caliphate (1000- 1258 CE): The Role of Sufism Atta Muhammad Submitted in accordance with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy The University of Leeds School of Languages, Cultures, and Societies February 2020 2 The candidate confirms that the work submitted is his/her own and that appropriate credit has been given where reference has been made to the work of others. This copy has been supplied on the understanding that it is copyright material and that no quotation from the thesis may be published without proper acknowledgement. The right of Atta Muhammad to be identified as Author of this work has been asserted by him in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. © 2019 The University of Leeds and Atta Muhammad 3 Acknowledgements I am thankful to Allah the Merciful for His Blessings, which helped me to complete this thesis. My heartfelt thanks go to my respected supervisor Dr. Fozia Bora for her persistent guidance and invaluable feedback. She has been a guiding star in every step of my research journey. Without her kind guidance and extra support and care, I would not have completed my research. My learning from her was not confined to her comments on my work but drew much inspiration from her many points of general wisdom. I am thankful to Dr. Hendrik Kraetzschmar, for his useful comments on my chapter which I presented for my transfer viva. I am also thankful to Dr. Mustapha Sheikh and Dr. Tajul Islam as they encouraged me at every step, and I had useful discussions with them.
    [Show full text]
  • Islam and Civilization
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Portal Jurnal Online Kopertais Wilyah IV (EKIV) - Cluster MADURA Jurnal Al-Insyiroh: Jurnal Studi Keislaman Vol. 5, No. 1, Maret 2019 ISLAM AND CIVILIZATION (ANALYSIS STUDY ON THE HISTORY OF CIVILIZATION IN ISLAM) Muhammad Hifdil Islam Lecturer of Institut Ilmu Keislaman Zainul Hasan Genggong Email: [email protected] Abstract The history of Islamic civilization is one of the most important fields of study of Islamic studies. Islamic history is events or events that really happened in the past that are entirely related to the religion of Islam. Islam is too broad in scope, so Islamic history has become a broad scope. Among them are related to the history of the process of growth, development, and the spread of Islam, figures who develop and spread Islam, the history of progress and setbacks achieved by Muslims in various fields, such as in the fields of religious and general science, culture, architecture politics, government, war, education, economy, and so on. The History of Islamic Civilization is a product description of the activities of the life of the Islamic ummah in the past that originated in Islamic values. This article will explores the history of civilization in Islam and How the civilization of Islam is developed. Keywords: Islam, Civilization, History A. Introduction The history of Islamic civilization is one of the fields of study of Islamic studies which attracts the attention of researchers from both Muslims and non- Muslims. By studying Islamic history, we make it possible to know the times or epochs of Islamic glory, allowing us to be proud and confident as Muslims and take I’tibar.
    [Show full text]
  • SUFISM AS the CORE of ISLAM: a Review of Imam Junayd Al-Baghdadi's Concept of Tasawwuf
    Teosofia: Indonesian Journal of Islamic Mysticism, Vol. 9, No. 2, 2020, pp. 171-192 e-ISSN: 2540-8186; p-ISSN: 2302-8017 DOI: 10.21580/tos.v9i2.6170 SUFISM AS THE CORE OF ISLAM: A Review of Imam Junayd Al-Baghdadi’s Concept of Tasawwuf Cucu Setiawan UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung [email protected] Maulani UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung [email protected] Busro UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung [email protected] Abstract: This paper studies the thoughts of Abu ‘l-Qasim al-Junaid ibn Muhamad ibn Al-Junayd al-Khazzaz al-Qawariri Nihawandi al-Baghdadi, one of the prominent figures during the early development of Sufism, or also known in Arabic as tasawwuf. This study attempts to find a confluence between tasawwuf and Islam, on the basis that Islamic teachings are going through degradation in meanings and tasawwuf is often considered as a bid’ah (heresy) in Islamic studies. This research used a library research method and Junayd al-Baghdadi’s treatise, Rasail Junaid, as the primary data source. This study concludes that tasawwuf is not only an aspect or a segment of Islamic teachings, but it is the core of Islam itself as a religion. There are three central theories of tasawwuf by Junayd al-Baghdadi: mitsaq (covenant), fana (annihilation of self), and tawhid (unification). Based on these three theories, we can conclude that Junayd al- Baghdadi succeeded in conciliating the debate among tasawwuf and fiqh scholars. He also managed to knock down the stigma of tasawwuf as a heresy. His thoughts redefine tasawwuf into a simple and acceptable teaching for Muslims.
    [Show full text]
  • Excerpts from Louis Brenners Book
    Excerpted from West African Sufi: The Religious Heritage and Spiritual Search of Cerno Bokar Saalif Taal by Louis Brenner (London: C. Hurst, 1984). From "Part I: The Historical Context," chapter 2, "French Domination and the Challenge to Islam," 32–47. The aim of this chapter is to discuss only one aspect of this complex, evolving situation: the confrontation of Tijani Sufism with French Islamic policy between the two world wars. The major French goal with respect to Islam was the maintenance of political stability. The deposition of Agibu marked the demise of the Umarian political kingdom; the French next went to work on the religious kingdom, a much more difficult task because the objective of attack was very elusive. Muslim leaders were to be found all over the Soudan, and they acted virtually independently of one another. Unlike state systems, the decapitation of religious organizations, like Sufi orders, did not necessarily result in their demise. So the French conducted surveys and compiled dossiers on religious leaders; all those who refused openly to declare their loyalty to France were considered suspect and were carefully watched. Muslims were consequently placed on the defensive; but even so, Muslim activity during this period was not simply a series of reactions to French initiatives. Islam, and the Tijaniyya order, possessed an internal dynamic of their own which was not susceptible to alteration by actions against individual Muslims. Tijani leadership evolved through a process which was very difficult to understand from the outside, especially for non-Muslims, and impossible to control without suppressing freedom of religious practice, something the French were loath to do even if they had been capable of it.
    [Show full text]
  • THE BEKTASHI ORDER in BULGARIA- a 16TH CENTURY DOCUMENT on ELMALI (ELMALU) BABA DARGĀH* Nurullah KOLTAŞ**
    THE BEKTASHI ORDER IN BULGARIA- A 16TH CENTURY DOCUMENT ON ELMALI (ELMALU) BABA DARGĀH* Nurullah KOLTAŞ** Abstract The spiritual transformation in the Balkans through the efforts of the spiritual masters from Anatolia is also an indication of a profound realisation that bridges the vast historical and cultural heritage of the East and the West. It can be concluded from the historical treatises and the hagiographical accounts that the mentioned transformation led the new settlers of Anatolian origin to establish their own communities even in some remote areas and to practice their own rituals as a continuation of the wisdom innate in their rites. One of those spiritual masters who helped the spiritual well-being of the muslim community in the Southern Bulgaria is Elmali (Elmalu) Baba. Despite the limited information concerning Elmali Baba’s life, his Dargāh served not only as a sufi gathering place but also as a center that fulfilled the religious education for the followers of Bektāshī Order together with the madrasa and the mosque built within the same area. In this article, we will try to give a brief information on the dissemination of Bektāshī Order in the Southern Bulgaria. Then, we will introduce Elmali Baba Dargāh located in the Momchilgrad Province. Finally, we will give the Turkish transliteration and the English translation of the document that authorises Elmali Baba in fulfilling the needs and the service of the initiates thereof. Key Words: Bektāshiyya, Elmali Baba, dargāh, secret (sirr), ghāzi BULGARİSTAN’DA BEKTAŞİLİK- ELMALI BABA DERGAHI’NA AİT 16. YY TARİHLİ BİR VESİKANIN NEŞRİ* Öz Anadolu’dan gelen mânâ önderleri yoluyla Balkanlarda gerçekleşen manevî dönüşüm, Batı ve Doğu’nun engin tarihsel ve kültürel mirasını birbirine bağlayan derin bir idrakin de göstergesidir.
    [Show full text]