Vedic Period Language and Literature
Total Page：16
File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
The Mahabharata
^«/4 •m ^1 m^m^ The original of tiiis book is in tine Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924071123131 ) THE MAHABHARATA OF KlUSHNA-DWAIPAYANA VTASA TRANSLATED INTO ENGLISH PROSE. Published and distributed, chiefly gratis, BY PROTSP CHANDRA EOY. BHISHMA PARVA. CALCUTTA i BHiRATA PRESS. No, 1, Raja Gooroo Dass' Stbeet, Beadon Square, 1887. ( The righi of trmsMm is resem^. NOTICE. Having completed the Udyoga Parva I enter the Bhishma. The preparations being completed, the battle must begin. But how dan- gerous is the prospect ahead ? How many of those that were counted on the eve of the terrible conflict lived to see the overthrow of the great Knru captain ? To a KsJtatriya warrior, however, the fiercest in- cidents of battle, instead of being appalling, served only as tests of bravery that opened Heaven's gates to him. It was this belief that supported the most insignificant of combatants fighting on foot when they rushed against Bhishma, presenting their breasts to the celestial weapons shot by him, like insects rushing on a blazing fire. I am not a Kshatriya. The prespect of battle, therefore, cannot be unappalling or welcome to me. On the other hand, I frankly own that it is appall- ing. If I receive support, that support may encourage me. I am no Garuda that I would spurn the strength of number* when battling against difficulties. I am no Arjuna conscious of superhuman energy and aided by Kecava himself so that I may eHcounter any odds. -
Dr. Devala Rao Garikapati C.V CURRICULUM-VITAE Dr. Devala
Dr. Devala Rao Garikapati C.V CURRICULUM-VITAE Dr. Devala Rao Garikapati M.Pharm, Ph.D., F.I.C. FABAP Professor& Principal H.No. 2-99/1, Kottevari St., 3rd Cross, Ramavarappadu – 521 108 Vijayawada Rural,Amaravati Krishna (Dist), Andhra Pradesh, India Professor of Pharmaceutical Analysis Principal K.V.S.R. Siddhartha college of Pharmaceutical Sciences Siddhartha Nagar, Pinnamaneni Polyclinic Road, [email protected] Vijayawada – 520 010 Fourth February 1964 A.P., India Phone (D) : 0866-2479775, 2493347 Mobile : 098488-27872 Education _____________________________________________________________ Degree Institution & University Division Year _____________________________________________________________ Ph.D Gandhigram Rural -- 2003 Institute – DU, Gandhigram, TN. _____________________________________________________________ M.Pharm Department of Pharmaceutical First and 1989 Sciences, Winner of Andhra University Prof. Viswanadham’s Visakhapatnam Gold medal _____________________________________________________________ B.Pharm Department of First and 1987 Pharmaceutical Sciences AU 2nd Visakhapatnam Rank Holder _____________________________________________________________ F.I.C. Institute of Chemists (India), -- 2005 Kolkata _____________________________________________________________ FABAP Association of Biotechnology -- 2007 And Pharmacy, ANU _____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ Academic Experience: December 2004 to till date Professor & Principal, -
A Study of the Early Vedic Age in Ancient India
Journal of Arts and Culture ISSN: 0976-9862 & E-ISSN: 0976-9870, Volume 3, Issue 3, 2012, pp.-129-132. Available online at http://www.bioinfo.in/contents.php?id=53. A STUDY OF THE EARLY VEDIC AGE IN ANCIENT INDIA FASALE M.K.* Department of Histroy, Abasaheb Kakade Arts College, Bodhegaon, Shevgaon- 414 502, MS, India *Corresponding Author: Email- [email protected] Received: December 04, 2012; Accepted: December 20, 2012 Abstract- The Vedic period (or Vedic age) was a period in history during which the Vedas, the oldest scriptures of Hinduism, were composed. The time span of the period is uncertain. Philological and linguistic evidence indicates that the Rigveda, the oldest of the Vedas, was com- posed roughly between 1700 and 1100 BCE, also referred to as the early Vedic period. The end of the period is commonly estimated to have occurred about 500 BCE, and 150 BCE has been suggested as a terminus ante quem for all Vedic Sanskrit literature. Transmission of texts in the Vedic period was by oral tradition alone, and a literary tradition set in only in post-Vedic times. Despite the difficulties in dating the period, the Vedas can safely be assumed to be several thousands of years old. The associated culture, sometimes referred to as Vedic civilization, was probably centred early on in the northern and northwestern parts of the Indian subcontinent, but has now spread and constitutes the basis of contemporary Indian culture. After the end of the Vedic period, the Mahajanapadas period in turn gave way to the Maurya Empire (from ca. -
Bhagavata Purana
Bhagavata Purana The Bh āgavata Pur āṇa (Devanagari : भागवतपुराण ; also Śrīmad Bh āgavata Mah ā Pur āṇa, Śrīmad Bh āgavatam or Bh āgavata ) is one of Hinduism 's eighteen great Puranas (Mahapuranas , great histories).[1][2] Composed in Sanskrit and available in almost all Indian languages,[3] it promotes bhakti (devotion) to Krishna [4][5][6] integrating themes from the Advaita (monism) philosophy of Adi Shankara .[5][7][8] The Bhagavata Purana , like other puranas, discusses a wide range of topics including cosmology, genealogy, geography, mythology, legend, music, dance, yoga and culture.[5][9] As it begins, the forces of evil have won a war between the benevolent devas (deities) and evil asuras (demons) and now rule the universe. Truth re-emerges as Krishna, (called " Hari " and " Vasudeva " in the text) – first makes peace with the demons, understands them and then creatively defeats them, bringing back hope, justice, freedom and good – a cyclic theme that appears in many legends.[10] The Bhagavata Purana is a revered text in Vaishnavism , a Hindu tradition that reveres Vishnu.[11] The text presents a form of religion ( dharma ) that competes with that of the Vedas , wherein bhakti ultimately leads to self-knowledge, liberation ( moksha ) and bliss.[12] However the Bhagavata Purana asserts that the inner nature and outer form of Krishna is identical to the Vedas and that this is what rescues the world from the forces of evil.[13] An oft-quoted verse is used by some Krishna sects to assert that the text itself is Krishna in literary -
Nasadiya Sukta
j¢¢v¢Q®p¢v¢≠}“o¢¿ &With kr'SHNA yajurvEda swarams' www.geocities.com/udakashanti Last updated on: Friday, November 14, 2003 j¢¢v¢Q®p¢v¢≠≠}“o¢¿¿ &j¢¢v¢Q¢v¢®p¢v¢≠}“o¢¿' j¢¢Õv¢Q¢Ãv¢®ç¢¢æ v¢ÕQ¢v¢®ÃÉ¢Q¢Œj¢®o¢¿y j¢¢Ãv¢®Q≈Ãc¢¢æ j¢¢æ Õsp¢¢æo¢¢ Ãk¢S¢æ p¢g¢¿y •K“o¢¢Õs¢S®Ãs¢° K™“ÃU—K“Ãvp¢ t¢o¢»Õ碿y ? †Ãn¢° •K“Õo¢¢Ãv¢®ÖÕU—j¢† _¢Ãn¢®So¢¿y j¢Ão¢∞gp¢™ÃSo¢∞Ãg¢† g¢S¿Ã•Uj¢y S¢Õ•Ç¢Ãp¢¢ ? Õî— ? ¢v¢®gk¢ƒÃKæ“g¢°y ? ¢Õj¢®QÃs¢¢g¢__¢¿ Ãvs¢i¢Ãp¢¢ g¢QæK“Œo¢¿y g¢Œvo¢¢Ãà ¢jp¢† j¢ Ãk¢S° •K“† Ãa¢ j¢¢Õv¢y g¢Õo¢ ? ¢Ãv¢®É¢Õo¢v¢¢ Ã_¢≠P—o¢Œ_¢ƒæ k¢ƒÃKæ“g¢o¢¿y Ãv¢Ã¶q¢q¢_¢¿† v¢Õs¢»o¢¢ ÃAQo¢¿y Ãg¢™aLæ—Ãj¢¢ns¢Õ•k¢•U—Ãg¢† p¢Q¢Œv¢®g¢¿y g¢Õo¢Ãv¢vg¢Õjo¢Ã•U—j¢¢ Õc¢¢Ãp¢g¢øK“Œo¢¿y K“¢Ão¢vg¢QÃ_¢ƒæ v¢Õo¢s¢Ãg¢»g¢¢Õ¶i¢y o¢Õj¢Ãv¢¢æ SæÕg¢° k¢ƒÃh¢o¢† p¢Q¢Œv¢®g¢¿y Ãv¢g¢¢æ m¢†Ãi¢™o¢Õv¢Ã•g¢ •j¢ÕS•s¢†Q碿y ÃU±—•Q Ãk¢ƒg¢®Õup¢¢ ÃK“s¢Õp¢¢æ o¢Ãj¢®u¢¢y Õg¢ÃSꢮÃj¢¢æ •s¢Õg¢g¢¢æ ÃSßto¢ÕSæu¢¢o¢¿y Ã? i¢Õßvs¢ÃQ¢v¢® 1 ÃQ´k¢Õ§Sßvs¢Q¢v¢® 1 g¢¿y ÃSæÃg¢¢æi¢¢ Õ? ¢v¢jo¢Ã•U—o¢¢Õj¢ ? ¢v¢ç¢¿y Ãvs¢i¢¢ Ã? s¢Ãvg¢¢gk¢ƒÕp¢•g¢° Ãk¢SŒvg¢¢g¢¿y K“¢æ Ã? à ¢ Õs¢æÃQ K“ ÃAU— k¢ƒÕs¢¢æa¢g¢¿y K™“Ãg¢ ? ¢Õc¢¢Ãg¢¢ K™“Õg¢ ÃAp¢† •s¢Õv¢∞•ë°y Ã? s¢¢»Ã_Qæs¢¢ Ã? vp¢ Õs¢v¢Õc¢»j¢¢p¢y ? Ãh¢¢ K“¢æ Õs¢æÃQ p¢Õg¢ ? ¢Ãm¢n¢≠Õs¢y ÃAp¢† •s¢Õv¢∞Õëp¢»Õg¢ ? ¢Ãm¢n¢≠Õs¢y p¢Õ•Q s¢¢ ÃQi¢æ p¢Õ•Q Ãs¢¢ j¢y p¢¢æ Ã? vp¢¢Õip¢Xu¢° k¢ÃSo¢æ sÕp¢¢æo¢ç¢¿y v¢¢æ Ã? †_¢ Õs¢æÃQ p¢Õ•Q Ãs¢¢ j¢ s¢æÕQyy nAsadeeya sUktam translation R’g vEda 10.129 (also a part of the yajurvEda and the udakashAnti) At first was neither Being nor Nonbeing. -
Introduction to Vedic Knowledge
Introduction to Vedic Knowledge first volume: The Study of Vedic Scriptures Along History by Parama Karuna Devi Copyright © 2012 Parama Karuna Devi All rights reserved. ISBN-10: 1482500361 ISBN-13: 978-1482500363 published by Jagannatha Vallabha Research Center PAVAN House, Siddha Mahavira patana, Puri 752002 Orissa Web presence: http://www.jagannathavallabha.com http://www.facebook.com/ParamaKarunaDevi http://jagannathavallabhavedicresearch.wordpress.com/ The Perception of Vedic Culture in Western History This publication originates from the need to present in a simple, clear, objective and exhaustive way, the basic information about the original Vedic knowledge, that in the course of the centuries has often been confused by colonialist propaganda, through the writings of indologists belonging to the euro-centric Christian academic system (that were bent on refuting and demolishing the vedic scriptures rather than presenting them in a positive way) and through the cultural superimposition suffered by sincere students who only had access to very indirect material, already carefully chosen and filtered by professors or commentators that were afflicted by negative prejudice. It was pope Onorius IV (1286-1287) who inaugurated in the West the study of oriental languages and precisely Hebrew, Greek and Arabic. He had studied at the University of Paris before entering the diplomatic career at the service of pope Clement IV (1265-1268), who sent him to celebrate the crowning of Charles d'Anjou as King of Sicily. After becoming pope, Onorius introduced in the University of Paris the new curriculum (Studia linguarum) aimed at building the languistic knowledge required to understand the original texts of Parama Karuna Devi the Old and New Testament and the Coranic texts, that were the theological, ethical and philosophical foundations of the scholars which in those times were not subject to the Church of Rome: Jews, orthodox Christians and Muslims. -
Life After Death in the Ṛgveda Saṁhitā*
chapter 8 Life after Death in the Ṛgveda Saṁhitā* The information on life after death provided by the oldest Vedic text is rather scarce. In the most recent handbook on Vedic literature (1975c, 138f.) and in his handbook on Vedic religion (19782, 98, 181) Gonda only incidentally referred to the situation of the deceased in the Ṛgveda Saṁhitā (ṚV). There is no system- atic treatment of “Leben nach dem Tode” (19782, 10, mentioned without further comment). However, Oldenberg extensively discussed the early Vedic ideas on life after death in his handbook of Vedic religion (19172, 523ff.). It is strange that Olden- berg’s views on the places of the dead were neglected by most scholars with the exception of Arbman (1927b, 1928). Oldenberg’s ideas may be summar- ized as follows. In the ṚV we find references to heaven and hell, the abodes of the minorities of elite and criminals. The more original conception of afterlife would have concerned a dark realm lying under the earth, but different from hell.1 Traces of the original conception of an underworld would be discernible in later Vedic texts and even in the ṚV itself. It was especially in this second edition that Oldenberg emphasized the original character of Yama’s world as a subterranean realm of the dead.2 Arbman (1927b, 342–345) discussed “Die Jenseitsvorstellungen der rigvedis- chen Dichter nach der Auffassung der abendländischen Forschung” and stated that most Indologists assumed that the future of the deceased would consist of either heaven or hell (the latter sometimes being replaced by total anni- hilation). -
Vedic Brahmanism and Its Offshoots
Vedic Brahmanism and Its Offshoots Buddhism (Buddha) Followed by Hindūism (Kṛṣṇā) The religion of the Vedic period (also known as Vedism or Vedic Brahmanism or, in a context of Indian antiquity, simply Brahmanism[1]) is a historical predecessor of Hinduism.[2] Its liturgy is reflected in the Mantra portion of the four Vedas, which are compiled in Sanskrit. The religious practices centered on a clergy administering rites that often involved sacrifices. This mode of worship is largely unchanged today within Hinduism; however, only a small fraction of conservative Shrautins continue the tradition of oral recitation of hymns learned solely through the oral tradition. Texts dating to the Vedic period, composed in Vedic Sanskrit, are mainly the four Vedic Samhitas, but the Brahmanas, Aranyakas and some of the older Upanishads (Bṛhadāraṇyaka, Chāndogya, Jaiminiya Upanishad Brahmana) are also placed in this period. The Vedas record the liturgy connected with the rituals and sacrifices performed by the 16 or 17 shrauta priests and the purohitas. According to traditional views, the hymns of the Rigveda and other Vedic hymns were divinely revealed to the rishis, who were considered to be seers or "hearers" (shruti means "what is heard") of the Veda, rather than "authors". In addition the Vedas are said to be "apaurashaya", a Sanskrit word meaning uncreated by man and which further reveals their eternal non-changing status. The mode of worship was worship of the elements like fire and rivers, worship of heroic gods like Indra, chanting of hymns and performance of sacrifices. The priests performed the solemn rituals for the noblemen (Kshsatriya) and some wealthy Vaishyas. -
Women in Hindu Dharma- a Tribute
Women in Hindu Dharma- a Tribute Respected Ladies and Gentlemen1, Namaste! Women and the Divine Word:- Let me start my talk with a recitation from the Vedas2, the ‘Divinely Exhaled’ texts of Hindu Dharma – Profound thought was the pillow of her couch, Vision was the unguent for her eyes. Her wealth was the earth and Heaven, When Surya (the sun-like resplendent bride) went to meet her husband.3 Her mind was the bridal chariot, And sky was the canopy of that chariot. Orbs of light were the two steers that pulled the chariot, When Surya proceeded to her husband’s home!4 The close connection of women with divine revelation in Hinduism may be judged from the fact that of the 407 Sages associated with the revelation of Rigveda, twenty-one5 are women. Many of these mantras are quite significant for instance the hymn on the glorification of the Divine Speech.6 The very invocatory mantra7 of the Atharvaveda8 addresses divinity as a ‘Devi’ – the Goddess, who while present in waters, fulfills all our desires and hopes. In the Atharvaveda, the entire 14th book dealing with marriage, domestic issues etc., is attributed to a woman. Portions9 of other 19 books are also attributed to women sages10. 1 It is a Hindu tradition to address women before men in a group, out of reverence for the former. For instance, Hindu wedding invitations are normally addressed ‘To Mrs. and Mr. Smith’ and so on and not as ‘To Mr. And Mrs. Smith’ or as ‘ To Mr. and Mrs. John Smith’ or even as ‘To Mrs. -
India's Ancient Culture
INDIA’S ANCIENT CULTURE SWAMI KRISHNANANDA The Divine Life Society Sivananda Ashram, Rishikesh, India Website: www.swami-krishnananda.org Publishers’ Note This book consists of a series of 21 discourses that Sri Swami Krishnanandaji Maharaj gave to students in The Divine Life Society's Yoga Vedanta Forest Academy from November 1989 to January 1990. Swamiji Maharaj begins with the earliest stages of Indian culture, and discusses its evolution until the highest level of human achievement, which is liberation of the soul by the realisation of Brahman, the Absolute, through the stages of samadhi. 2 Table of Contents Publishers’ Note………………………………………………………………………………………………3 Chapter 1: The Definition of Culture ............................................................................................ 4 Chapter 2: The Evolution of Culture .......................................................................................... 11 Chapter 3: The Vedas – the Foundation of Indian Culture .............................................. 1 Chapter 4: The Fourfold Aim of and How to Achieve It ............................... 2 8 Chapter 5: Introduction to the Epics ......................................................................................... 3 Life ............ 7 Chapter 6: the Ramayana and the Mahabharata ..................... 4 7 Chapter 7: The Message of the Mahabharata ........................................................................ 5 Similarities between 6 Chapter 8: India’s Concept of Totality ..................................................................................... -
Art. XIV.— Buddhist Saint Worship
218 ART. XIV.—Buddhist Saint Worship. By ARTHUR LILLIE, M.R.A.S. A STUDENT of Buddhism cannot proceed very far in his inquiry without being confronted with a tremendous contra- diction. Perhaps I may be allowed here to speak from personal experience. I read Le Bouddha et sa Religion, by M. Barthelemy St.-Hilaire, and one or two well-known works; and soon learnt that annihilation (sunyata) was the lot of the Saint when he had reached the Bodhi or Highest Wisdom, and freed himself from the cycle of new births. I then came across Schlagintweit's Buddhism in Tibet, which contains a sort of litany called The Buddhas of Confession. In it is the following passage :— " I adore the Buddha Sa-la'i-rgyal-po. Once uttering this name shall purify from all sins of theft, robbery, and the like." This puzzled me. This being was a Buddha. In consequence he had suffered, or enjoyed, complete annihila- tion. Why then should the pronouncing the name Sa-la'i- rgyal-po purify from all sins of " theft, robbery, and the like ? " Then I remembered that in old religions very holy names like I.A.O., A.U.M., etc., had often got to be thought more potent than the God himself. I mention all this to show that I am not at all surprised at people clinging to the idea that the Bodhi in the earliest Buddhism meant annihila- tion in spite of the strong evidence that can be brought against it. I myself for some time did the same. -
Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Writings & Speeches Vol. 4
Babasaheb Dr. B.R. Ambedkar (14th April 1891 - 6th December 1956) BLANK DR. BABASAHEB AMBEDKAR WRITINGS AND SPEECHES VOL. 4 Compiled by VASANT MOON Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar : Writings and Speeches Vol. 4 First Edition by Education Department, Govt. of Maharashtra : October 1987 Re-printed by Dr. Ambedkar Foundation : January, 2014 ISBN (Set) : 978-93-5109-064-9 Courtesy : Monogram used on the Cover page is taken from Babasaheb Dr. Ambedkar’s Letterhead. © Secretary Education Department Government of Maharashtra Price : One Set of 1 to 17 Volumes (20 Books) : Rs. 3000/- Publisher: Dr. Ambedkar Foundation Ministry of Social Justice & Empowerment, Govt. of India 15, Janpath, New Delhi - 110 001 Phone : 011-23357625, 23320571, 23320589 Fax : 011-23320582 Website : www.ambedkarfoundation.nic.in The Education Department Government of Maharashtra, Bombay-400032 for Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Source Material Publication Committee Printer M/s. Tan Prints India Pvt. Ltd., N. H. 10, Village-Rohad, Distt. Jhajjar, Haryana Minister for Social Justice and Empowerment & Chairperson, Dr. Ambedkar Foundation Kumari Selja MESSAGE Babasaheb Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, the Chief Architect of Indian Constitution was a scholar par excellence, a philosopher, a visionary, an emancipator and a true nationalist. He led a number of social movements to secure human rights to the oppressed and depressed sections of the society. He stands as a symbol of struggle for social justice. The Government of Maharashtra has done a highly commendable work of publication of volumes of unpublished works of Dr. Ambedkar, which have brought out his ideology and philosophy before the Nation and the world. In pursuance of the recommendations of the Centenary Celebrations Committee of Dr.