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De Ghost Army En De Tweede Wereldoorlog: Misleiding Werd Een Onderdeel Van De Amerikaanse Oorlogvoering

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De Ghost Army En De Tweede Wereldoorlog: Misleiding Werd Een Onderdeel Van De Amerikaanse Oorlogvoering [‘By a marvelous system of camouflage, a complete tactical surprise was achieved in the desert’ – Winston Churchill] De Ghost Army en de Tweede Wereldoorlog Misleiding werd een onderdeel van de Amerikaanse oorlogvoering Tom Hovestad Inhoud Inleiding ................................................................................................................................................... 4 Werking van misleiding ........................................................................................................................... 5 Het Amerikaanse leger en misleiding ...................................................................................................... 7 23rd headquarters Special Troops ........................................................................................................ 10 Probleemstelling .................................................................................................................................... 12 Vraagstelling .......................................................................................................................................... 12 Opzet scriptie ........................................................................................................................................ 12 1. Militaire misleiding en het Amerikaanse leger .............................................................................. 14 Militaire misleiding ............................................................................................................................ 14 Donald Daniel and Katherine Herbig ............................................................................................. 14 Michael I. Handel ........................................................................................................................... 16 John Latimer .................................................................................................................................. 17 Barton Whaley ............................................................................................................................... 18 Jock Haswell................................................................................................................................... 18 Vormen van militaire misleiding ....................................................................................................... 19 Methoden van militaire misleiding ................................................................................................... 21 Actieve misleiding .......................................................................................................................... 21 Passieve misleiding ........................................................................................................................ 23 Operationele militaire misleiding ...................................................................................................... 23 2. Het verzet van het Amerikaanse leger tegen misleiding ................................................................... 26 Een concept dat ingaat tegen de Amerikaanse traditie .................................................................... 26 Amerikaanse stijl van oorlogvoering ............................................................................................. 26 Professionele officiersklasse ......................................................................................................... 27 Moreel Amerikaans leger .............................................................................................................. 28 Amerikaanse militaire cultuur ........................................................................................................... 29 De Amerikaanse Field Manuals ..................................................................................................... 30 De gestage groei van Misleiding binnen de Amerikaanse militaire cultuur .................................. 34 Misleiding en de militaire cultuur ..................................................................................................... 36 3. Het Amerikaanse leger gaat over op misleiding ................................................................................ 39 Amerikaanse leger maakt gebruik van misleiding ............................................................................. 39 1 Amerikaanse officieren Veranderen van mening over misleiding .................................................... 40 4. De 23rd Headquarters Special Troops de Ghost Army ...................................................................... 46 De onderdelen van de 23rd HQ ......................................................................................................... 46 De 603rd Engineer Camouflage Battalion Special ......................................................................... 47 De 244th Signal Company Special ................................................................................................. 47 De 3132 Signal Service Company Special ...................................................................................... 48 De 406th Engineer Combat Company Special ............................................................................... 48 Opbouw en training van de 23rd HQ ................................................................................................ 49 Operaties van de Ghost Army ........................................................................................................... 52 Operatie Elephant (Cerisy) ............................................................................................................ 52 Operatie Brest ............................................................................................................................... 53 Operatie Bettembourg .................................................................................................................. 55 Operatie Metz-I ............................................................................................................................. 58 Operatie Flaxweiler ....................................................................................................................... 59 Operatie Bouzonville ..................................................................................................................... 61 De lessen uit misleiding ..................................................................................................................... 62 5. Operatie Viersen als kroon op het werk ............................................................................................ 65 Operatie Plunder om de laatste barrière van het Duitse leger te slechten ...................................... 65 Viersen als ultiem bewijs dat misleiding werkt ................................................................................. 69 Conclusie ............................................................................................................................................... 74 Bijlages ................................................................................................................................................... 77 Bijlage 1: Elephant ............................................................................................................................. 77 Bijlage 2: Brest ................................................................................................................................... 78 Bijlage 3: Bettembourg ...................................................................................................................... 79 Bijlage 4: Flaxweiler ........................................................................................................................... 80 Bijlage 5: Bouzonville ......................................................................................................................... 81 Bijlage 6: Viersen ............................................................................................................................... 82 Literatuurlijst ......................................................................................................................................... 83 Artikelen ............................................................................................................................................ 83 Boeken ............................................................................................................................................... 84 Internet .............................................................................................................................................. 86 Overige bronnen................................................................................................................................ 88 2 Primaire bronnen .............................................................................................................................. 88 Scripties ............................................................................................................................................. 89 3 Inleiding In 2015 is het zeventig jaar geleden dat de Tweede Wereldoorlog eindigde. Daarom wil ik in mijn scriptie een onderbelichte kwestie behandelen die met deze oorlog verband houdt. De in 2013 uitgebrachte documentaire, The Ghost Army, inspireerde mij een scriptie te schrijven over de door de 23rd Headquarters Special
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