Moravian Geographical Reports
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Vol. 24/2016 No. 1 MORAVIAN GEOGRAPHICAL REPORTS Fig. 6: OC Olympia, Brno – the highest rated shopping centre in the Czech Republic according to the value of “aggregate attractiveness” (Photo: Josef Kunc) Fig. 7: Eurovea Galleria, Bratislava – the largest and most spectacular shopping centre in the Slovak Republic, connecting Danube river embankment with the city centre (Photo: Josef Kunc) Illustrations related to the paper by J. Kunc et al. 2016, 24(1) MORAVIAN GEOGRAPHICAL REPORTS MORAVIAN GEOGRAPHICAL REPORTS SCIENTIFIC BOARD Articles: Bryn GREER-WOOTTEN (Editor-in Chief), Bohumil FRANTÁL, Jiří MALÝ, Martin OUŘEDNÍČEK, York University, Toronto Jiří NEMEŠKAL Pavel CHROMÝ, Charles University, Prague Distance matters. Assessing socioeconomic impacts of the Dukovany nuclear power plant in the Czech Marina FROLOVA, University of Granada Republic: Local perceptions and statistical evidence … 2 Jan HRADECKÝ, University of Ostrava Karel KIRCHNER, Institute of Geonics, Brno Jiří MALÝ, Ondřej MULÍČEK Sebastian LENTZ, Leibniz Institute for Regional European territorial cohesion policies: Parallels to Geography, Leipzig socialist central planning? ……………………………… 14 Damian MAYE, University of Gloucestershire Ondřej MULÍČEK, Masaryk University, Brno Josef KUNC, František KRIŽAN, Kristína BILKOVÁ, Jan MUNZAR, Institute of Geonics, Brno Peter BARLÍK, Jaroslav MARYÁŠ Philip OGDEN, Queen Mary University, London Are there differences in the attractiveness of shopping centres? Experiences from the Czech Ján OŤAHEL, Institute of Geography, Bratislava and Slovak Republics …………………………………. 27 Michael SOFER, Bar-Ilan University Metka ŠPES, University of Ljubljana Robert KRZYSZTOFIK, Maria TKOCZ, Tomasz SPÓRNA, Milan TRIZNA, Comenius University, Bratislava Iwona KANTOR-PIETRAGA Antonín VAISHAR, Institute of Geonics, Brno Some dilemmas of post-industrialism in a region Dan VAN DER HORST, University of Edinburgh of traditional industry: The case of the Katowice Miroslav VYSOUDIL, Palacký University, Olomouc conurbation, Poland ……………………………………… 42 Maarten WOLSINK, University of Amsterdam Jana ZAPLETALOVÁ, Institute of Geonics, Brno Jana SPILKOVÁ Teenage overweight and obesity: A pilot study of obesogenic and obesoprotective environments EDITORIAL BOARD in the Czech Republic …………………………………….. 55 Bohumil FRANTÁL (Executive editor), IGN CAS Tomáš KREJČÍ (Technical editor), IGN CAS Stanislav MARTINÁT (Marketing editor), IGN CAS Martina Z. SVOBODOVÁ (Linquistic Editor), BM Business Consultants, s.r.o., Brno PRICE 280 CZK (excluding VAT) per copy plus the postage 800 CZK (excluding VAT) per volume (four numbers per year) plus the postage PUBLISHER The Czech Academy of Sciences Institute of Geonics, v. v. i. Identification number: 68145535 MAILING ADDRESS MGR, Institute of Geonics of the CAS, v. v. i. Department of Environmental Geography Drobného 28, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic (fax) 420 545 422 710 (e-mail) [email protected] (home page) http://www.geonika.cz Brno, March 31, 2016 PRINT NOVPRESS s.r.o., nám. Republiky 15, 614 00 Brno © INSTITUTE OF GEONICS OF THE CAS 2016 ISSN 1210-8812 (Print) ISSN 2199-6202 (Online) 1 MORAVIAN GEOGRAPHICAL REPORTS 2016, 2016,24(1): 24(1)2–13 Vol. 23/2015 No. 4 MORAVIAN MORAVIAN GEOGRAPHICAL REPORTS GEOGRAPHICAL REPORTS Institute of Geonics, The Czech Academy of Sciences journal homepage: http://www.geonika.cz/mgr.html Figures 8, 9: New small terrace houses in Wieliczka town, the Kraków metropolitan area (Photo: S. Kurek) doi: 10.1515/mgr-2016-0001 Illustrations to the paper by S. Kurek et al. Distance matters. Assessing socioeconomic impacts of the Dukovany nuclear power plant in the Czech Republic: Local perceptions and statistical evidence Bohumil FRANTÁL a *, Jiří MALÝ a, Martin OUŘEDNÍČEK b, Jiří NEMEŠKAL b Abstract The effect of geographical distance on the extent of socioeconomic impacts of the Dukovany nuclear power plant in the Czech Republic is assessed by combining two different research approaches. First, we survey how people living in municipalities in the vicinity of the power plant perceive impacts on their personal quality of life. Second, we explore the effects of the power plant on regional development by analysing long-term statistical data about the unemployment rate, the share of workers in the energy sector and overall job opportunities in the respective municipalities. The results indicate that the power plant has had significant positive impacts on surrounding communities both as perceived by residents and as evidenced by the statistical data. The level of impacts is, however, significantly influenced by the spatial and social distances of communities and individuals from the power plant. The perception of positive impacts correlates with geographical proximity to the power plant, while the hypothetical distance where positive effects on the quality of life are no longer perceived was estimated at about 15 km. Positive effects are also more likely to be reported by highly educated, young and middle-aged and economically active persons, whose work is connected to the power plant. Keywords: nuclear power plant impacts; spatial analysis; risk perceptions; geographical distance; social distance; Dukovany; Czech Republic Article history: Received 21 September 2015; Accepted 15 February 2016; Published 31 March 2016 1. Introduction than 435 nuclear reactors operating in 31 countries, with Growing concerns over global climate change, energy a total installed capacity of over 375 GW. In 2014, these sustainability and energy security over the last decade provided 2,411 TWh, which is over 11% of the world's have led to rapid and widespread development of renewable electricity (WNA, 2015). Some 60 new reactors are currently energies. The generous feed-in tariffs for renewable energy being constructed in 13 countries, while significant further in Germany have been so effective that Chancellor Merkel capacity is being created by existing plant upgrading and was able to announce the closure of Germany’s nuclear rebuilding programs (ibid.). program after the Fukushima nuclear accident (Jahn The Czech Republic – with its two nuclear power plants and Korolczuk, 2012). Nonetheless, renewable energy (Dukovany and Temelín) generating over 30 TWh – is development has been uneven around the world and it among the top fifteen world nuclear producers. The Czech still represents but a small part of total generation in most population is also among the largest supporters of nuclear countries (Eurostat, 2015). For this reason, governments power usage in Europe, with about two-thirds being in favour need to reconsider conventional sources, such as fossil fuels of nuclear power development (CVVM, 2015). Nuclear power and nuclear power. is expected by the current Czech government to become Although it has always been associated with significant the main source of electricity production, with its share social controversy, nuclear power capacity worldwide increasing from the present 35% to between 46% and 58% has been increasing steadily. Today there are more in 2040 (WNA, 2015). Recently a new long-term plan for the a Department of Environmental Geography, Institute of Geonics, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic (*corresponding author, B. Frantál, email: [email protected]) b Department of Social Geography and Regional Development, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic 2 2016, 24(1)24(1): 2–13 MORAVIAN GEOGRAPHICAL REPORTS nuclear industry – involving building at least three new units aspect is vast and comprehensive, that relating to the more by 2040 – was approved, in order to be able to decarbonise objective socioeconomic impacts of operational power plants, the economy and to replace the dominant role of lignite in as well as perceptions of such impacts, is much more limited, the energy mix. including a few case studies, the majority of them from the Nevertheless, increasing construction costs, high United States and the United Kingdom. state subsidies, and uncertainties concerning future 2.1 Risk perceptions and public attitudes to nuclear power decommissioning, nuclear waste disposal and possible accidents, remain the most common arguments of opponents plants of nuclear power (Cooper, 2010). On the other hand, The rapid rise of nuclear technologies in the 1960s the large power-generating capacity, low pollution and revealed a marked discrepancy between the enthusiasm for relatively low operating costs are stressed by its supporters. a new, powerful, clean and safe energy source documented by Saying that nuclear power supports the socio-economic scientific experts, and the fears of immediate disasters and development of host regions has also become a popular unknown long-term health and environmental effects on policy turn of phrase to stimulate social acceptance. The the part of the general public. This discrepancy lay behind plans for a life-time extension of old reactors and the the boom in social science research on risk perceptions building of a new one at the Dukovany power plant site (Starr, 1969; Slovic et al., 1979; Fischhoff et al., 1983). in the Czech Republic have been strongly supported by Psychometric research (Fischhoff et al., 1978; Slovic, 1987) regional authorities and the Energoregion 2020 association, revealed that ordinary people perceive, evaluate and accept which includes representatives of 126 local municipalities hazardous technologies and activities less on the statistical (Energoregion, 2020). The Dukovany power plant is probability of the realisation