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Abdul Rahman, Tunku 49 Book of Rites 59 Aceh 44, 55, 95, 98, 99, 117 Borneo 13, 42, 43–4, 47, 52, 78, 84, Aden 95, 97 94, 100 agriculture 4, 7, 16, 30, 37, 38, 47, Brooke, Rajah 44 53, 57, 64, 68, 93, 106, 110, 111, Brunei 42, 52 149, 154 Buddhism 3, 7, 24, 27, 28, 42, 61, al-Qaeda 152 62, 80, 131, 136 Albuquerque, Afonso de 97 bumiputra 48, 107, 109, 120, 132, Alexandria 92, 95 137, 144 Analects 59 Burma (Myanmar) 7, 12, 15, 22, Angola 92 27–40 passim, 129–30 Annam 27, 29, 93, 100 Anti-Japanese Liberation Army 45, CP Group 110, 112, 121, see also 56 Charoen Pokphand Aquino, Cory 56 Cambodia 7, 27–40 passim, 43, 45, Arab traders 3, 9, 14, 25, 42, 64, 84, 70, 81, 83, 100–2, 104, 111, 94–6, 97 116, 118, 129, 150, 151, 154, ASEAN (Association of South East 164 Asian Nations) 56, 57, 31, 33, Canada 17, 40, 129, 153 36, 48, 52, 117, 147, 151, 153 Canton 22, 66, 72, 88 Asian Development Bank 56, 57 Cantonese 5, 21, 39, 62, 137 Astra International 123 Carpini, Giovanni Pian del 96 Australia 12 censorship 75 Changragupta empire 92 Ba Jin 20 Charoen Pokphand 106, 110, Bali 44, 53, 55, 152 120, 121, 149, see also CP Group Bandung 53, 54 Chearavanont, Dhanin 110, 111 Bangkok 32, 33, 106, 109, 110, 111, chemicals 47, 51, 57, 74, 75 114, 151 Chiang Kai-shek 8, 22, 25, 66, 83, Bangkok Bank 106, 110 102 Bangladesh 31 Chin Peng 48 banking 3, 4, 5, 20, 25, 30, 40, 45, China, People’s Republic of, 1, 3, 4, 51, 55, 63, 65, 67, 68, 80, 102, 6,7, 12, 17, 67, 149 105, 106, 114–15, 116, 124, Chinatown 50–1, 78, 88 153–4 Chinese People’s Liberation Army Banyon Tree Hotels 128–9 31, 39 Barings Bank 153 clothing and textiles 4, 14, 32, 47, Batavia 19, 46, 53 57, 66, 72–3, 74, 75, 93, 147, 153, Beijing 6, 7, 10, 36, 116, 117, 147 155, 157 boat people 34, 36, 88, 111 Cochin 29, 93 Book of Changes 59 Coen, Jan Pieterszoon 99 Book of History 59 coffee 4, 53, 111, 129 Book of Odes 59 Cold War 26, 30, 32, 33, 39, 67

166 Index 167 colonies, British 38, 39, 42, 43, 44, education, importance of, 1, 25, 50, 114 69, 79, 90, 108, 119, 122, 129, colonies, Dutch 9, 14, 15, 16, 29, 131, 133, 136, 143, 148, 155, 157, 41, 43–6, 53, 64, 83, 90, 94, 158 98–101, 103, 104, 105 electrics 4, 75 colonies, French 33, 35, 37, 29, 101, electronics 32, 47, 51, 57, 74, 75, 104, 121 108 colonies, German 65 emigration 1, 2, 6, 93, 102, 118 colonies, Portuguese 55, 97 English language 8, 21, 44, 47, 51, colonies, Spanish 43, 65, 131 56, 72, 76, 84, 85, 87, 88, colonisation 1, 4, 7, 8–9, 13, 16, 19, 89–90, 98, 116, 131, 137, 154, 22, 23, 26, 29–30, 31–2, 33, 38, 157 43, 44, 46, 49, 65, 78, 79, 90, 91, enterprise, Chinese 1, 2, 4, 16–17, 99–100, 101, 102, 114, 121, 72, 79, 89, 113 131 Europeans 4–5, 9, 13, 14–15, 16, 23, community, importance of 1, 19, 29–30, 33, 34, 43–5, 76, 84, 93, 23, 48, 78, 95, 104, 123–4, 96, 97–8, 100–3, 105, 108, 112, 129–31, 148, 150 113, 157 Confucianism 10, 18, 23–4, 27, 59–62, 77, 79, 80, 118–34, 141, family, importance of 1, 8, 10, 18, 143 19, 20, 23, 24, 79–80, 82, 102, Confucius 59–60, 118–34 106, 110, 112–13, 119–34, 145, Conrad, Josef 78 148 coolies (ku li) 16, 19, 20, 21, 29, Federated Malay States 43, 47 50 finance 13, 32, 50, 51–2, 54, 55, copra 6, 9, 13, 29, 47, 100, 101 102–3, 105, 109, 114–16, 124–5, corruption 23, 30, 33, 52, 55, 67, 129, 153–4, 156–8 71, 79, 82, 121, 144, 145, 154 financial crisis 10, 32, 50, 55–6 cotton 19, 30, 53 food 16, 30, 31, 37, 49, 50, 101, Cultural Revolution 3, 39, 57, 69, 110, 112, 148–9 70 Fujian 14, 15, 24, 25, 30, 58, 61, 64, 83, 88 Dao de Jing 60 Darul Islam 54 Gama, Vasco da 97 Deng Xiaoping 30, 36, 39, 69, 144 gambling 82, 153 Dewey, Admiral 44 Genghis Khan 62 Dien Ben Phu 29, 35 Genoa 92, 95 Doctrine of the Moon 59 Glodok 54 doi moi 111, 114, 155 Glokar 55 Drake, Sir Francis 97 Golden Triangle 31 dress 21, 27 Great Leap Forward 3, 69 Dutch East Indies see also Indonesia Great Learning 59 16, 29, 100 Guangdong 14, 15, 24, 38, 39, 58, 61, 62, 88 East India Company, British 44, 98, Guangxi 27, 39, 88 99, 100 guangxiwang 121, 139 East India Company, Dutch 88–9 guanxi 77, 78–9, 80, 138 East Malaysia 47 Guangdong 14, 15, 24, 38, 39, 58, East Timor 43, 46, 55, 97 61, 62, 88 168 Index

Gurkhas 48 Jardine Matheson 111 Gurney, Sir Hugh 48 Java 14, 15, 41, 42–6, 53–4, 63, 84, 99–100, 110–11, 151 H5N1 (bird flu) 117, 152–3 Javanese 3, 15, 16, 43, 52, 54, 55, Hainan Island 39, 58 80 Hakkas (guest people) 15 Jesuits 59, 64 Han, 13, 24, 27, 41, 60, 61, 62, Jiang Zemin 73 88, 92, 93 Jingangshan 67 Han Feizi 60 jute 9, 30, 100, 102 Hanoi 27, 35, 36, 111 Henry, Prince, the Navigator 97 kampong 76–90 hierarchy, 1, 10, 23–4, 57, 58–9, 61, Karen 30, 31 77, 80, 124 Kerry Group 111, 118 Ho Chi Minh 35, 121, 130, 155 Kew Gardens 15 Hokkien 5, 51, 83, 88, 89 Khmer Rouge 7, 28, 37, 38, 107, 155 Hong Kong 5, 17, 23, 36, 38–40, 45, Konfrontasi 49, 54 57, 61, 62, 63, 65, 70, 72, 75, 82, kongsi 76–90 88–9, 100, 105, 110, 111, 112, Korea 65, 103, 111, 119 113, 143–4 Korea, North 68 Hormuz 95, 97 Korea, South 68, 108, 109, 112, 128 Horn of Africa 14 Korean War 68, 107 huaquio, origin and definition 2, 4, Kublai Khan 93, 94 6, 8, 10, 12 Kuomintang 21 Hukbalahap 56, 69 Kwangchouwan 65 human resources/personnel Kwok, Robert 111 management 126–7 language 1, 2–3, 8, 76–90 IMF (International Monetary Fund) language, Batak 3 10, 116 language, bazaar 83 India 6, 7, 13, 14, 15, 24, 28, 29, language, Burmese 3 41–2, 64, 65, 68, 91, 92, 93, 94–5, language, Cantonese 39, 87, 88–9 97, 99, 116, 156, 157, 158 language, Filipino 3, 16, 21, 45, 57, India, migration from 13, 14 84, 131 Indian Ocean 9, 12, 14, 41, 95 language, Indonesian 3 Indians 16, 51, 96 language, Javanese 3 Indonesia 5, 6, 8, 10, 13, 14, 16, 21, language, Malay 3, 8 23, 29, 39, 41–57 passim, 64, 70, language, Mandarin 8, 17–18, 24, 81, 82, 84–5, 89, 92, 94, 98, 99, 39, 51, 76, 87–90 100, 101, 110, 132, 156–7 language, Moro 3, 44, 56, 151, 157 industry 3, 4 language, Rajah Malay 83–4 infrastructure 38, 47, 72, 73, 74, language, Sanskrit 3, 84 104, 112, 155, 158 language, Sulawesi 3, 42 Isthmus of Kra 41, 151 language, Sunda 3 language, Tagalog 3, 8, 56, 83, 85, Jakarta 8, 19, 49, 53, 54, 82 89 Japan 3, 9, 29, 35, 45–6, 50, 57, language, Thai 3, 8 66–7, 94, 97, 103, 108–9, 111, language, Vietnamese 3, 8 113–14, 116, 119, 140, 149, 157 language, Visayan 3 Japanese 1, 9, 13 Lao She 20 Index 169

Laos 6, 7, 12, 27–40 passim, 81, 84, Middle Kingdom 14, 20, 28 104, 106, 111, 116, 118, 129, 130, migration, Chinese 6, 13, 14, 27, 150, 154 29, 91 Lee Kwan Yew 144 Mindanao 42, 44, 56 Liem Sioe Liong 111 minerals 13, 149 literacy 2–3, 12 Ming dynasty 24–5, 41, 94 literature, Chinese 12, 20, 58, 62, mining 4, 13, 32, 34, 57, 63 67, 84, 86, 90 Miyazawa Plan, 116 logging 4, 20, 30, 37 Modi 60 Luzon (Phillippines) 14, 41, 42, 43, Molucca 3, 53, 54, 55, 78, 92 56, 85, 151 Mon 28, 30 Mongols 28, 42, 62, 64, 93, 96 Macao 43, 88, 97, 98 Muong Thai 31–2 MacArthur, Douglas 140 Muscat 95, 97 Madjpalt dynasty 42 Muslims 3, 8, 14, 16, 28, 43, 53, 54, Magellan, Ferdinand 14, 98 95, 98, 132, 151, 152, 156 Malacca 14, 41, 42, 43, 95, 97, 98, 99, 100 Nanjing 22, 67, 112 Malaya 15, 16, 22, 23, 26, 28, 29, Nanyang 1, 2, 4, 5–6, 12–26, 28, 29, 39, 41, 43, 45, 46, 47, 49, 50, 68, 38, 39, 40, 41–2, 43, 45, 47, 51, 69, 70, 84, 101, 102 54, 57, 61, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, Malayan Chinese Association 47, 83 76,79, 80, 82, 83, 84, 85, 88, 89, Malayan Communist Party 33, 45, 91, 103, 104, 113, 114 48 Nanyang, origin and definition 2 Malayan Emergency 48–9, 69, 83 Napoleonic Wars 43, 44, 100 Malayan Indian Association 47 Nationalist government 8, 31, 67, Malays 13, 15, 16, 21, 32, 42, 43, 103 47, 52, 56, 84, 102, 109, 132 nationality 25, 54, 93 Malaysia 7, 8, 9, 13, 14, 17, 29, Ne Win, General 31 40–57 passim, 81, 82, 83, 84–5, Ngo Dinh Diem 35 89, 104, 105, 106, 107, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, oil 4, 6, 9, 13, 30, 34, 42, 47, 52, 53, 119–20, 121, 123, 131, 132, 133, 56, 74, 75, 100, 101, 103, 104, 144, 148, 149, 150, 152, 156 110, 116, 149, 151 Manchu 15, 21–2, 64, 65 OPEC 56 Manchu dynasty 21–2, 64, 65 Open Door policy 4, 26, 30, 39, 48, Manchuria 67, 103 62, 69, 70 Mandarin 2, 8, 17, 20, 24, 39, 51, opium 30, 67, 100 58, 76, 87–90 Opium Wars 15, 64 mandarins 20 outsourcing 9, 108, 110, 116, 155, mandate of heaven 59 156, 157, 158 Mao Zedong 3, 25, 32, 35, 54, 67, 68, 73, 83 Palembang 46 Marcos, Ferdinand 56, 82, 157 palm oil 4, 13, 29, 47, 53, 100, marketing 109, 127 101–2 Maugham, Somerset 15 Papua New Guinea 52 Mencuis 59, 60 Parkinson, C. Northcote 102 Merdeka 53, 85 Partai Koaunis Indonesia 54 Middle East 9, 74, 92, 95, 122 Partai National Indonesia 53 170 Index

Pathet Lao 7, 37 Sabah 42, 47, 52 Peking 2, 37, 64, 66, 67, 71, 72, 87, Saigon 9, 19, 29, 35, 36, 37 88 Salim Group 111, 112 People’s Action Party 51 Samuel, Marcus 101 pepper 11, 92–3, 95 Sanskrit 3, 84 Persia 95, 96, 97, 101 Sarawak 42, 44, 47, 52 pharaohs 91 SARS 153 Philippines 5, 8, 9, 13, 14, 16, 17, Shaanxi 67 22, 23, 26, 29, 39, 41–57, 64, 68, Shan 30 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 89, 94, 98, 100, Shang dynasty 58 101, 102, 104, 107, 111, 115–19, Sihanouk, Prince Norodom 37 131, 136, 148, 151–2, 156, 157 Shantou/Sowtow 39, 106 Phnom Penh 38 Shell Transport Trading Company pirates 92, 94, 98, 100 101 plastic 4, 53, 74 Shenzen Zone 71 Polo, Marco 96 shipbuilding 4, 74, 102, 139 Portuguese 9, 14, 25, 43, 55, 64, 90, shoguns 103 97–9 silk 94 prostitution 82, 96, 106 Singapore 3, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 13, 15–17, 19, 28–9, 39, 40–57 Qian Long 64 passim, 78, 82–4, 87, 89, 95, 100, Qin (or Manchu) dynasty 15, 81, 104–6, 107, 109, 110–13, 115, 119, Manchu 15, 21–2, 64, 116, 118–19, 122, 128–9, 131, 65 133, 140, 144–5, 150, 153–4, Qing dynasty 15, 81, 119 156–8 Qingdao 65, 66 Sino-Japanese war 22 Solomon Islands 102 Raffles, Sir Stamford 44 Song dynasty 27, 62, 64 relationships 10, 127–34, 136–9, Songgram, Marshal Philbul 32 141–2, 145 Sony Corporation 149 religion, Buddhism 3, 7, 18, 24, 27, Soong, T.V. 102 28, 32, 37, 42, 56, 61, 62, 80, 118, Sophanpanich, Chin 106 131, 136 South America 15, 43, 101 religion, Christianity 3, 8, 24, 43, South China Sea 36, 94, 149 53, 62, 64, 136, South East Asia, geography 12–13 religion, Islam 3, 7, 9, 14, 28, 43, Spain 43 54, 84, 94, 95, 117, 118, 132, 136, Special Administrative Region (SAR) 151, 152–3, 156 38 religion, Protestants 3, 136 Special Enterprise Zone 113 religion, Roman Catholics 3, 8, 35, Spring and Autumn Annals 59 43, 56, 98, 136 Sriwijaya Kingdom 42 Ricci, Matteo 64 Stilwell, General Joseph 29–30 Roman empire 9, 92 strategy 28, 125–6, 136 Rotterdam 101, 102 Sufism 95, 151 Royal Dutch Petroleum 101 Suharto 54, 55, 82, 115, 156 rubber 4, 5, 6, 9, 11, 13, 15–16, 24, Sukarno 49, 53, 54, 55, 83, 104, 107 29, 44–5, 47, 48, 50, 55, 65, 101, Sukarnoputri, Megawati 55 102, 103–4 Sulawesi 42, 84 Russia 65, 103 Sullendra Kingdom 42 Index 171

Sumatra 14, 41, 42, 44–5, 52–4, 84, Unfederated Malay States 43, 47 94, 99, 100, 117, 151 United Malay National Organisation Sun Tzu 126 (UMNO) 47, 83 Sun Yat-Sen 21–2, 66 United Nations (UN) 33, 38, 52, 53, Surabaya 46 55, 68 Suu Kyi, Aung Sang 31 Swire Group 111 Versailles Treaty 66 Syria 95, 96 Vietcong 35, 37 Vietnam 3, 7, 9, 12–13, 14, 15, 23, Taiping rebellion 15, 41, 64–5 36, 51, 68–70, 81, 83, 84, 93, 100, Taiwan 15, 17, 23, 41, 65, 67, 104, 106, 107, 111, 114, 115, 116, 103, 108, 109, 111–12, 118, 121, 129, 130, 139, 144, 151, 119 154, 155, 156, 157 Tamils 15 Vietnam, Nationalist Party 29, 35 Tang dynasty 27, 42, 62, 93 Vietnam war 9, 32, 33, 35, 51, 104, Taoism 3, 23–4, 60, 61, 80 106, 107, 130 tea 4, 29, 37, 53, 96 Vietnamese 15, 27–40, 102, 107, teak 9, 30, 102 111, 129, 130, 155 technology 4, 5, 12, 40, 60, 70–1, Vietnimh 29, 35 75, 103 Visaya 3, 42, 43, 56 Templer, Sir Gerald 49 Tentara Nasional Indonesia 53 Wahhabi Islam 152 Thailand 1, 7, 9, 10, 12, 13, 28, Wen Yidao 20 31–3, 80–1, 84, 106, 110, Wharf International 111 114–15, 121, 130–1, 152, 154, World Bank 113, 114, 116 155 World Trade Organisation 52, 75 Thais 15, 29, 32, 102 World War I 28, 45, 102, 103 The Art of War 126 World War II 1, 3, 5, 6, 13, 16, 23, The Water Margin 23 25, 31, 33, 34, 37, 44–5, 48, 67, Tigris 95 102, 103–6 tin 4, 9, 11, 13, 32, 102 tjukong 55, 76–90 Xia dynasty 58 tobacco 4, 30, 37 Xinjiang 64 Tonkin 27, 41 xinyong 78 towkay 76–90 Xunzi 60 trade, cloth 14 trade, drugs 9, 30, 31, 33, 82, 93, Yangtze river 149 106, 152 Yellow River 58, 149 trade, incense 9, 14, 93, 100 Yodhoyono, Bambang, 55 trade, sandalwood 14, 93 Yuan dynasty 62, 93, 94 trade, spice 6, 9, 11, 14, 53, 91–106, Yuan Shi-kai 66 117 Yunan 67 traders, Arab 3, 9, 14, 25, 42, 64, 84, Yunnan 27, 29, 30, 31, 32 94–5 Treaty Ports 65, 66, 67, 71 Zaiton 25, 64 Triads 81–2 Zheng, Admiral 14 Trung Nguyen 129, 130 Zhou dynasty 58, 60 tsunami 55, 117, 156 Zhou Enlai 25, 54, 58, 60, 67 Tungmenghui 21, 65, 83 Zhu De 67