Petaling Street Sebagai Salah Satu Ikon Wisata Budaya Masyarakat Tionghoa Di Malaysia

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Petaling Street Sebagai Salah Satu Ikon Wisata Budaya Masyarakat Tionghoa Di Malaysia Foreign Case Study 2018 Sekolah Tinggi Pariwasata Ambarrukmo Yogyakarta PETALING STREET SEBAGAI SALAH SATU IKON WISATA BUDAYA MASYARAKAT TIONGHOA DI MALAYSIA Novian Bimanyu Seto 1702795 Sekolah Tinggi Pariwasata Ambarrukmo Yogyakarta Abstract : Makalah ini merupakan hasil laporan Foreign Case Study untuk syarat publikasi ilmiah di Sekolah Tinggi Pariwasata Ambarrukmo Yogyakarta dengan Judul Pataling Street Sebagai Salah Satu Ikon Wisata Budaya Masyarakat Tionghoa Di Malaysia. 1. PENDAHULUAN Salah satu syarat untuk memperoleh gelar Sarjana Pariwisata (S.Par) di Sekolah Tinggi Pariwisata Ambarrukmo Yogyakarta (STiPRAM) adalah dengan membuat Laporan Jurnal Foreign Case Study (FCS). Pembuatan laporan Foreign Case Study (FCS) ini dimaksudkan agar mahasiswa lebih mendalami tentang segala permasalahan Tourism di luar negeri dengan terjun langsung untuk Observasi di lapangan untuk kemudian dijadikan bahan pertimbangan atau bahan pembandin dengan pariwisata di dalam negeri. Program Foreign Case Study (FCS) biasanya dilaksanakan dengan cara Mahasiswa mengikuti Journey FCS ke Tiga Negera atau satu Negara saja . Namun StiPram memberikan alternatif lain yang bisa diambil oleh mahasiswanya apabila mahasiswa merasa kurang mampu atau kurang tertarik untuk mengikuti Journey Tiga atau Satu Negara tadi. Terdapat Tiga Alternatif lain yang bisa diambil, yang pertama yaitu dengan mengikuti Student Exchanges atau pertukaran pelajar antar negara, dimana StiPram telah berkerjasama dengan Universitas Pariwisata di luar negeri seperti Malaysia dan Thailand. Alternatif kedua adalah dengan mengambil program Double Degre, yaitu mengikuti perkuliahan di Universitas Luar Negeri dengan jurusan yang sama atau berbeda selama beberapa waktu, nantinya mahasiswa akan mendapatkan dua ijazah sekaligus, dari StiPram dan dari Unversitas di luar negeri tadi. Alternatif ketiga adalah dengan mengikuti Pogram Magang selama 6 (enam) bulan di Luar Negeri, bisa di Malaysia, Thailand, Jepang, Singapore, dll. Dengan mengikuti Salah satu dari 4 (empat) Program Foreign Case Study tadi maka mahasiswa di beri kebebasan untuk memilih Objek wisata mana yang hendak di bahas dalam jurnal FCS miliknya [1]. Kuala Lumpur adalah ibukota Malaysia yang terkenal dengan segala kesibukannya. Di sana hidup masyarakat multi etnis, salah satunya adalah Etnis Tionghoa yang merupakan etnis kedua terbesar di china. Petaling Street adalah salah satu pusat wisata belanja yang kental dengan budaya tionghoanya. Berdasarkan apa yang tertulis di atas, penulis tertarik untuk mengangkat Petailing Street beserta budaya masyarakat etnis China Malaysia dalam jurnal kali ini. Budaya Masyarakat etnis Tionghoa di Malaysia selalu punya daya tarik tersendiri. Terlebih Malaysia adalah negara dimana etnis chinanya paling banyak selain negara China itu sendiri. 1 2. PEMBAHASAN Menurut Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 10 Tahun 2009 tentang kepariwisataan disebutkan bahwa pariwisata adalah berbagai macam kegiatan wisata dan didukung berbagai fasilitas serta layanan yang disediakan oleh masyarakat, pengusaha, pemerintah, dan pemerintah daerah [2]. Pariwisata adalah keseluruhan kegiatan pemerintah, dunia usaha dan masyarakat untuk mengatur, mengurus dan melayani kebutuhan wisatawan [3]. Pariwisata merupakan rangkaian kegiatan yang dilakukan oleh manusia baik secara perorangan maupun kelompok di dalam wilayah negara lain. Kegiatan tersebut menggunakan kemudahan, jasa dan faktor penunjang lainnya yang diadakan oleh pemerintah dan atau masyarakat, agar dapat mewujudkan keinginan wisatawan [4]. Pariwisata merupakan bagian yang tidak terpisahkan dari kehidupan manusia terutama menyangkut kegiatan sosial dan ekonomi [5]. Diawali dari kegiatan yang semula hanya dinikmati oleh segelintir orang-orang yang relatif kaya pada awal abad ke-20, kini telah menjadi bagian dari hak azasi manusia. Hal ini terjadi tidak hanya di negara maju tetapi mulai dirasakan pula di negara berkembang. Indonesia sebagai negara yang sedang berkembang dalam tahap pembangunannya, berusaha membangun industri pariwisata sebagai salah satu cara untuk mencapai neraca perdagangan luar negeri yang berimbang. Melalui industri ini diharapkan pemasukan devisa dapat bertambah [6]. Pada hakikatnya berwisata adalah suatu proses kepergian sementara dari seseorang atau lebih menuju tempat lain di luar tempat tinggalnya [7]. Dorongan kepergiannya adalah karena berbagai kepentingan, baik karena kepentingan ekonomi, sosial, kebudayaan, politik, agama, kesehatan maupun lainnya seperti karena sekedar ingin tahu, menambah pengalaman baru [8]. Besarnya kegiatan pariwisata, terutama tingkat internasional, ditambah dengan situasi di mana batas antar negara semakin hilang, telah menjadikan pariwisata sebagai suatu kegiatan penting yang turut mempengaruhi hubungan internasional [9]. Banyak negara di dunia sekarang ini yang menganggap pariwisata sebagai sebuah aspek penting dari strategi pengembangan negara. Berikut merupakan pengertian pariwisata menurut beberapa ahli : 1. Pariwisata berasal dari bahasa sansekerta “pari” yang berarti banyak atau berkeliling dan “wisata” yang berarti pergi atau bepergian. Jadi pariwisata adalah perjalanan yang dilakukan secara berulang – ulang dan berpindah – pindah. 2. Gejala – gejala yang disebabkan oleh perjalanan dan pendiaman orang – orang asing serta penyediaan tempat tinggal sementara, asalkan pendiaman itu tidak tinggal menetap dan tidak memperoleh penghasilan dari aktifitas yang bersifat sementara itu. Sektor pariwisata memberikan keuntungan ekonomi terhadap negara yang bersangkutan [10]. A. Gambaran Umum Lokasi Penelitian Malaysia, sebelum dikenal sebagai Malaysia sering disebut sebagai Langkasuka, yang merupakan nama kerajaan yang terdapat di Semenanjung Malaysia. Malaysia adalah negara berbentuk monarki konstitusional federal yang terdiri dari 13 negara bagian dan 3 wilayah federal. Adapun 13 wilayah negara bagian di Malaysia antara lain Johor, Kedah, Kelantan, Melaka, Negeri Sembilan, Pahang, Perak, Perlis, Selangor, Pulau Pinang dan Terengganu. Sedangkan 3 wilayah federal atau wilayah persekutuannya yaitu Kuala Lumpur, Putrajaya, dan Labuan yang terletak di Borneo atau Pulau Kalimantan. Malaysia adalah satu-satunya negara Asia Tenggara yang terletak baik di pulau utama maupun daratan Asia. Di barat, Malaysia menempati bagian selatan Semenanjung Malaya (atau Melayu/Malaka), yang juga ditempati Thailand. Di timur, wilayah Malaysia mencakup negara bagian Sabah dan Sarawak di pulau Kalimantan. Kalimantan merupakan pulau terbesar ketiga di dunia. Dua bagian negara ini dipisahkan oleh Laut 2 China Selatan sepanjang lebih dari 645 kilometer. Bangsa independen Malaysia diciptakan dalam dua tahap. Pada tahun 1957, sebagian daratan (yang kemudian disebut Malaya) mendapat kemerdekaan dari Inggris. Pada tahun 1963, Sabah, Sarawak, dan Singapura ditambahkan ke Malaya, sehingga menciptakan bangsa Malaysia. (Singapura kemudian menjadi negara yang merdeka.) a. Penduduk Penduduk Semenanjung Malaysia terdiri atas orang Melayu (50%), Cina (37%), India (11%). Sisanya adalah orang-orang Eropa, Erasia dan penduduk asli. Ada juga sejumlah kecil masyarakat adat, yakni Orang Asli. Sabah dan Sarawak di Kalimantan dihuni terutama oleh orang-orang Dayak dan masyarakat non-Melayu. Sebagian besar dari 30 juta penduduk Malaysia tinggal di Semenanjung Melaya, terutama di kota-kota di atau dekat pantai barat. b. Agama Agama Islam merupakan agama resmi negara, tetapi penduduk bebas mengamalkan agamanya masing-masing. Banyak etnis Tionghoa beragama Buddha atau Tao. Kebanyakan orang India beragama Hindu. Beberapa suku-suku dari Sabah dan Sarawak adalah orang Kristen; sisanya mengikuti agama asli tradisional nenek moyang mereka. c. Bahasa Bahasa yang digunakan adalah bahasa Malaysia yang hampir sama dengan bahasa Indonesia. Bahasa Melayu adalah bahasa nasional (secara resmi disebut Bahasa Malaysia). Bahasa Inggris digunakan dalam bisnis dan pemerintah. Bahasa China juga banyak digunakan. d. Pakaian Pakaian tradisional perempuan Melayu adalah sarung yang diikatkan di pinggang, baju (blus longgar), dan selendang. Pria Melayu memakai kemeja longgar, celana panjang, dan songkok. Perempuan India mengenakan sari (jubah panjang dan longgar). Wanita China mengenakan sam-foo atau cheongsam (gaun lurus dengan celah samping). Kebanyakan laki-laki India, China, dan Melayu di kota-kota memakai pakaian gaya Barat. e. Makanan & Minuman Kari dan rempah-rempah menambah cita rasa masakan Melayu yang terdiri atas beras, ikan, sayuran, dan daging. Orang-orang China dan India memasak hidangan nasional mereka sendiri. Sebagian besar orang minum air mineral, teh, dan kopi. Islam melarang minuman beralkohol. f. Sumber Daya Alam Semenanjung Malaya (Malay Peninsula) memiliki pasokan besar karet dan kelapa sawit. Daerah ini juga memiliki sejumlah besar kayu. Tin, minyak bumi, gas alam, bijih besi, bauksit, dan emas juga ditemukan di sana. Sarawak memiliki cadangan besar bauksit (bijih aluminium). Hutan Malaysia memiliki pohon-pohon palem, jati, kamper, cendana, dan kayu hitam yang melimpah. Namun, di Sarawak hutan-hutan ini ditebang. Gajah, badak, buaya, kadal, babi hutan, dan harimau dulu berkeliaran di hutan, bukit, dan rawa negara, tapi sekarang sudah langka. Ada berbagai macam kupu-kupu, serangga, burung, dan reptil di hutan Malaysia. g. Warisan Budaya Di Malaysia, seni sebagian besar ditemukan dalam bentuk kerajinan, terutama batik. Batik adalah desain kain unik yang berasal dari Indonesia. Malaysia memiliki banyak museum. Di antaranya yang paling menonjol adalah Museum Nasional
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