DOCSLIB.ORG

Yes, Dr. Jose Rizal Was a Real Ophthalmologist

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Yes, Dr. Jose Rizal Was a Real Ophthalmologist PHILIPPINE JOURNAL OF Vo l . 36 • No. 2 Ophthalmology Ju l y – De c e m b e r 2011 PERSPECTIVE Yes, Dr. Jose Rizal was a real ophthalmologist Excerpts from the lecture “Jose Rizal: Healer as Hero” delivered at the Sentro Oftalmologico Jose Rizal, University of the Philippines–Philippine General Hospital, on June 21, 2011, as part of the 150th birth anniversary of Dr. Jose Rizal BY ANY staNDARD, our national hero, Jose Rizal, marily by love. He wrote what he wrote because of a is one of the most interesting, brilliant, enigmatic, deep love for country. He became an ophthalmologist charismatic, and controversial figures in history. There because of a deep love for his mother. His suffering seems to be always something new to discover about Motherland was under an abusive and oppressive for- him and debates around him prevail to this day. eign power and through his written work he hoped to It is no wonder, therefore, that this year 2011, the open the eyes of both his countrymen and the Spanish 150th anniversary of his birth, almost every columnist, authorities. He longed to give his mother sight just as every commentator, every radio and television station, he longed to bring vision to his “blind” countrymen. has had something to say about some special “little He wanted to heal them both. known” facts about our national hero. During the past In this quest, he also achieved one of the major year, there had been numerous reports in all forms driving forces in his life. In 1858, three years before of media about Rizal as sportsman and excellent Rizal was born, Sir John Bowring, Governor of Hong student, as someone who had prophetic dreams, as Kong, visited Rizal’s Uncle Alberto in Binan. Sir John a world traveler, a romantic, an artist, a political activ- imparted a lot of knowledge to Alberto Alonzo, and ist, as polyglot who spoke 22 languages and dialects, most significant among them was information about and of course, as a writer and martyr. Even topics as a book by the Spaniard Morga, written in 1609, that mundane as where he tied his horse when he visited documented the situation in the Philippines when the his childhood sweetheart have generated interest. Spaniards first arrived in the 1500s. These stories were The list goes on and on. passed on to Rizal and were engraved in his heart. Amidst all this hoopla, one aspect of Rizal barely This knowledge in the face of the injustice he and his explored or discussed in much detail, is that of him family experienced under the Spaniards inspired him as an ophthalmologist. Questions like “was Rizal really to look for and copy this book one day if only to prove an ophthalmologist?” or “did his mother go blind that, contrary to what the Spanish imperialists of his because he experimented with her eyes?” still get asked time claimed, the Philippines had a rich culture and too often, even by fellow physicians. This is sad, and advanced civilization before the Spaniards came.1 He rather unfair to Dr. Jose Rizal. For truth be told, not carried this dream with him throughout adulthood only was Jose Rizal an ophthalmologist, he was a pretty and fulfilled it more than 20 years later. He wanted good one. Furthermore, Rizal the ophthalmologist to spread the word to his own countrymen and to for- and Rizal the hero are inextricably linked. eigners alike, that we had an identity distinct from that Ophthalmology was not his real passion. But like of our conquerors, an identity we could be proud of, his political writings for which he is most famous, and an identity we had to rediscover and nurture, because which sparked the first revolution for freedom in Asia that would be our ticket to real freedom. and led him to a destiny he did not plan for himself, His quest to become an ophthalmologist afforded his becoming an ophthalmologist was also driven pri- him the opportunity to acquire the tools to do just this. His quest to become an ophthalmologist also provided him with the stage to be the best poster boy Correspondence to Ma. Dominga B. Padilla, MD, FPAO the Philippines and the Filipinos could have. Room 209, Medical Arts Building It is with this premise in mind that I discuss Rizal the St. Luke’s Medical Center Global City, Taguig Metro Manila ophthalmologist. I will delve into the teachers from Telephone : +63-2-6595389, +63-2-7897700 local 7209 whom he learned his ophthalmology—the surgical Fax : +63-2-8174804 E-mail : [email protected] techniques he would have used as this would be the PHILIppINE AC A DEMY OF OP HTH A LMOLOGY 83 PHILIPPINE JOURNAL OF Vo l . 36 • No. 2 Ophthalmology Ju l y – De c e m b e r 2011 only way to understand the kind of ophthalmology he time he still used the old name Mercado and dropped must have practiced. This vital aspect of his persona Rizal altogether.2 was inseparable from the totality of Jose Rizal, the very Why was Rizal known as Jose Rizal and not Jose “human” being who at times could be vain, unrealis- Mercado? This is because by the time the young Jose tic, self-absorbed, and stingy; but who was also funny, was to enroll in the Ateneo Municipal de Manila, superbly intelligent, tremendously talented, feisty, his older brother Paciano had already gained some romantic, witty; a great man, blessed with an almost notoriety with the authorities, having been identified irresistible charm, childlike honesty, insatiable curios- with the three martyred priests, Gomez, Burgos and ity; and above all, an exceptional devotion to country. Zamora, particularly with Padre Jose Gomez, who was his teacher and mentor. Roots and Early Education These three Filipino priests simply wanted Filipinos Jose Prota Rizal Mercado y Alonzo Realonda was to be able to serve as parish priests. This idea was “un- born on June 19, 1861, to Francisco Engracio Rizal heard of,” unacceptable, and was “dangerous thinking” Mercado y Alejandra II (Francisco Mercado) and as far as the Spanish priests were concerned. So they Teodora Morales Alonso Realonda y Quintos (Teo- linked the three priests to the Cavite Mutiny, charged dora Alonzo). They were rich farmers who had been them with subversion, and publicly executed them in granted lease on a hacienda and accompanying rice 1872 together with 10 other martyrs in what is now farm by the Dominicans. Jose was the seventh of 11 called Trece Martires, Cavite. The influence of Padre children. He had only one brother, Paciano, much Burgos in the face of the oppression of the colonizers, older than him, more like a second father than a capped by his execution, significantly shaped the lives brother, and one who would play a vital role in his life. of Paciano and Jose. Indeed, at very early ages, both Paciano, together with the rest of Jose’s family, lifted Paciano and Jose already started advancing “danger- and supported Jose throughout his life and ordeals. ous” ideas about freedom and individual rights.4 In many ways, he was the wind beneath Jose’s wings. Jose’s family had hoped that by changing his Jose, or Pepe as he was fondly called, was a sixth- surname he would be able to move around freely as generation patrilineal descendant of Domingo Lam- he would be dissociated from his older brother. How co, a Chinese immigrant entrepreneur who sailed ironic that the name “Rizal” would later gain much to the Philippines from Jinjiang, Quanzhou in the more notoriety with the Spanish authorities than the mid-seventeenth century. To escape the anti-Chinese name Mercado could ever achieve, and that Jose’s sentiments of the Spanish authorities, Domingo family would be made to suffer because of him. Thus, changed his name to “Mercado,” indicating their it would seem that this “notoriety” or “fame,” depend- Chinese merchant roots.2 ing on where one stood, was a destiny Jose could not From his mother, Rizal received traces of Spanish escape from. It is to his family’s credit, however, that and Japanese blood. Teodora’s father was a Spanish later on in life, as their persecution in the hands of Mestizo named Lorenzo Alberto Alonso from Binan the Spaniards escalated, they all decided to use the Laguna. Her mother was Brigida de Quintos from surname Rizal; a surname they carried with pride Pangasinan. The historian Austin Craig mentioned throughout their struggles and Jose’s eventual martyr- Lakandula, the Rajah of Tondo at the time of the dom for their country.4 Spanish invasion, as an ancestor as well.3 His mother was his first teacher, and at a very early In 1849, because of an order by Governor General age his parents noted a very sharp mind in Pepe. He Francisco Claveria for all Filipinos to change their excelled in almost everything he did. His natural surnames based on a list of surnames provided by the intelligence was further bolstered by his family’s hav- Spanish government, the Mercados had to change ing one of the biggest, if not the biggest, and most their surname. Jose’s father, Francisco, adopted the impressive libraries in the Philippines then. surname Rizal, (originally “Ricial,” the green of young It was said that Rizal’s home library had no less than growth or green fields). But this change of name 1,000 volumes,6 impressive even by today’s standards. caused confusion in business since most of his busi- Jose truly loved his books, and this love of books was nesses were begun under his old name.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Death by Garrote Waiting in Line at the Security Checkpoint Before Entering
    Death by Garrote Waiting in line at the security checkpoint before entering Malacañang, I joined Metrobank Foundation director Chito Sobrepeña and Retired Justice Rodolfo Palattao of the anti-graft court Sandiganbayan who were discussing how to inspire the faculty of the Unibersidad de Manila (formerly City College of Manila) to become outstanding teachers. Ascending the grand staircase leading to the ceremonial hall, I told Justice Palattao that Manuel Quezon never signed a death sentence sent him by the courts because of a story associated with these historic steps. Quezon heard that in December 1896 Jose Rizal's mother climbed these steps on her knees to see the governor-general and plead for her son's life. Teodora Alonso's appeal was ignored and Rizal was executed in Bagumbayan. At the top of the stairs, Justice Palattao said "Kinilabutan naman ako sa kinuwento mo (I had goosebumps listening to your story)." Thus overwhelmed, he missed Juan Luna's Pacto de Sangre, so I asked "Ilan po ang binitay ninyo? (How many people did you sentence to death?)" "Tatlo lang (Only three)", he replied. At that point we were reminded of retired Sandiganbayan Justice Manuel Pamaran who had the fearful reputation as The Hanging Judge. All these morbid thoughts on a cheerful morning came from the morbid historical relics I have been contemplating recently: a piece of black cloth cut from the coat of Rizal wore to his execution, a chipped piece of Rizal's backbone displayed in Fort Santiago that shows where the fatal bullet hit him, a photograph of Ninoy Aquino's bloodstained shirt taken in 1983, the noose used to hand General Yamashita recently found in the bodega of the National Museum.
    [Show full text]
  • The Development of the Philippine Foreign Service
    The Development of the Philippine Foreign Service During the Revolutionary Period and the Filipino- American War (1896-1906): A Story of Struggle from the Formation of Diplomatic Contacts to the Philippine Republic Augusto V. de Viana University of Santo Tomas The Philippine foreign service traces its origin to the Katipunan in the early 1890s. Revolutionary leaders knew that the establishment of foreign contacts would be vital to the success of the objectives of the organization as it struggles toward the attainment of independence. This was proven when the Katipunan leaders tried to secure the support of Japanese and German governments for a projected revolution against Spain. Some patriotic Filipinos in Hong Kong composed of exiles also supported the Philippine Revolution.The organization of these exiled Filipinos eventually formed the nucleus of the Philippine Central Committee, which later became known as the Hong Kong Junta after General Emilio Aguinaldo arrived there in December 1897. After Aguinaldo returned to the Philippines in May 1898, he issued a decree reorganizing his government and creating four departments, one of which was the Department of Foreign Relations, Navy, and Commerce. This formed the basis of the foundation of the present Department of Foreign Affairs. Among the roles of this office was to seek recognition from foreign countries, acquire weapons and any other needs of the Philippine government, and continue lobbying for support from other countries. It likewise assigned emissaries equivalent to today’s ambassadors and monitored foreign reactions to the developments in the Philippines. The early diplomats, such as Felipe Agoncillo who was appointed as Minister Plenipotentiary of the revolutionary government, had their share of hardships as they had to make do with meager means.
    [Show full text]
  • Volume 92, Issue 4 (2015)
    The Cabletow The Official Publication of the Grand Lodge of Free & Accepted Masons of the Philippines Volume 92 Issue 4 November - December 2015 Past Grand Masters’ Day IN THIS ISSUE.. I. From The Grand East VII. Feature Article Our Vision – Job’s Daughters International The Better Option By MW Tomas G. Rentoy III VIII. Recent Events Grand Lodge Activities II. Masonic Education Edict No. 278 Library in a Box Guidelines/Rules Governing The Election and Attendance Report on the XIV World Conference Apppointment of Officers of Subordinate Lodges of Regular Masonic Grand Lodges By VW Alexander B. Madamba, III. Special Feature Assistant Grand Secretary TGR III SPEECH - Tribute to PGMs December 19, 2015 Masonic Charities For Crippled Children, Inc. Views from an Outsider Inauguration of MCCCI Legazpi Unit Mason By Janica L. Caldona, MCCCI Staff By Emeterio Barcelon MCCI Christmas Party 2015 Realization of Oneness By Janica L. Caldona, MCCCI Staff By VW Jesse D. Alto A Crimson Past By VW Guillermo B. Lazaro THE CABLETOW IV. Homage to Masonic Heroes EDITORIAL BOARD Father of Philippine Masonry MW Reynato S. Puno, PGM, GMH Ka Selo “KUPANG” del Pilar MW Rudyardo V. Bunda, PGM, GMH By MW Jaime Y. Gonzales, PGM MW Danilo D. Angeles, PGM MW Santiago T. Gabionza, Jr., PGM Paciano Rizal, The Secret Hero VW Samuel P. Fernandez, PGC By Gemma Cruz Araneta VW J. Ermin Ernest Louie R. Miguel, SGL V. Open Lodge VW J. Flor R. Nicolas, PSGL An Open Letter to a Brother-to-be By MW & Ill Carl H. Claudy, PGM EDITORIAL STAFF Caesar M.
    [Show full text]
  • José Rizal and the Challenge of Philippines Independence
    Click here for Full Issue of EIR Volume 30, Number 9, March 7, 2003 EIRFeature Jose´ Rizal and the Challenge Of Philippines Independence by John D. Morris The story of the Philippines’ national hero, Dr. Jose´ Rizal, being transacted with Japan, China, and other parts of the and his family, is representative of the courageous spirit and South Pacific, and a system of weights and measures governed moral intellect, the sublime quality of leadership, that makes their relations. However, the region soon to be known as the possible the emergence of an independent nation from coloni- Philippines was not a nation. There were people of related alized, disunited, or economically looted territories. Rizal’s language cultures—Tagalogs, Bisayans, Pampangos, Ilo- life and works, like those of Mohandas Ghandhi and Rabi- kanos, Bikolanos, and others—who came to call themselves ndranath Tagore in India, and Sun Yat-sen in China, catalyzed Filipinos, but this was only to denote their geographical ori- anti-colonial politics in Asia during the latter years of the gin, not any “national” loyalty. 19th Century. Jose´ Rizal is rightly referred to as “the First The process of colonialization of the Philippines in the Filipino,” and to this day, he stands as a challenge to his wake of Spanish conquest in 1542, and the introduction of countrymen still struggling to overcome the legacy of four European culture and religion, had its blessings and curses. centuries of Spanish imperialism and 100 years of American There was occupation and oppression, but also dialogue and occupation and control. development. Paradoxically, it would be Spain’s provincial Rizal can be classed as a universal genius.
    [Show full text]
  • FILIPINOS in HISTORY Published By
    FILIPINOS in HISTORY Published by: NATIONAL HISTORICAL INSTITUTE T.M. Kalaw St., Ermita, Manila Philippines Research and Publications Division: REGINO P. PAULAR Acting Chief CARMINDA R. AREVALO Publication Officer Cover design by: Teodoro S. Atienza First Printing, 1990 Second Printing, 1996 ISBN NO. 971 — 538 — 003 — 4 (Hardbound) ISBN NO. 971 — 538 — 006 — 9 (Softbound) FILIPINOS in HIS TOR Y Volume II NATIONAL HISTORICAL INSTITUTE 1990 Republic of the Philippines Department of Education, Culture and Sports NATIONAL HISTORICAL INSTITUTE FIDEL V. RAMOS President Republic of the Philippines RICARDO T. GLORIA Secretary of Education, Culture and Sports SERAFIN D. QUIASON Chairman and Executive Director ONOFRE D. CORPUZ MARCELINO A. FORONDA Member Member SAMUEL K. TAN HELEN R. TUBANGUI Member Member GABRIEL S. CASAL Ex-OfficioMember EMELITA V. ALMOSARA Deputy Executive/Director III REGINO P. PAULAR AVELINA M. CASTA/CIEDA Acting Chief, Research and Chief, Historical Publications Division Education Division REYNALDO A. INOVERO NIMFA R. MARAVILLA Chief, Historic Acting Chief, Monuments and Preservation Division Heraldry Division JULIETA M. DIZON RHODORA C. INONCILLO Administrative Officer V Auditor This is the second of the volumes of Filipinos in History, a com- pilation of biographies of noted Filipinos whose lives, works, deeds and contributions to the historical development of our country have left lasting influences and inspirations to the present and future generations of Filipinos. NATIONAL HISTORICAL INSTITUTE 1990 MGA ULIRANG PILIPINO TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Lianera, Mariano 1 Llorente, Julio 4 Lopez Jaena, Graciano 5 Lukban, Justo 9 Lukban, Vicente 12 Luna, Antonio 15 Luna, Juan 19 Mabini, Apolinario 23 Magbanua, Pascual 25 Magbanua, Teresa 27 Magsaysay, Ramon 29 Makabulos, Francisco S 31 Malabanan, Valerio 35 Malvar, Miguel 36 Mapa, Victorino M.
    [Show full text]
  • Philippine Studies Ateneo De Manila University • Loyola Heights, Quezon City • 1108 Philippines
    philippine studies Ateneo de Manila University • Loyola Heights, Quezon City • 1108 Philippines The Burgos Manifiesto: The Authentic Text and Its Genuine Author John N. Schumacher, S.J. Philippine Studies vol. 54, no. 2 (2006): 153–304 Copyright © Ateneo de Manila University Philippine Studies is published by the Ateneo de Manila University. Contents may not be copied or sent via email or other means to multiple sites and posted to a listserv without the copyright holder’s written permission. Users may download and print articles for individual, noncom- mercial use only. However, unless prior permission has been obtained, you may not download an entire issue of a journal, or download multiple copies of articles. Please contact the publisher for any further use of this work at [email protected]. http://www.philippinestudies.net The Burgos Manifiesto: The Authentic Text and Its Genuine Author John N. Schumacher, S.J. The struggle of the Filipino clergy against the attempts taken to deprive them of any parish of significance in favor of thefriar orders reached its culmination in the decree of 1861, leaving them almost none in the Ma- nila archdiocese. Fr. Pedro Pelhez led the struggle in Manila and Madrid until his death in the earthquake of 1863. Rumors circulated in Manila that he had planned a conspiracy to overthrow Spanish rule that very day. When the Madrid newspaper, La Verdad, repeated that calumny, the Filipino clergy issued a manifesto defending their rights and vindi- cating Pelaez's name. Republished in Hong Kong in 1889, the manifesto has been attributed to Fr.
    [Show full text]
  • Essay About the Writings of Father Jose Burgos
    1 Essay About The Writings Of Father Jose Burgos Free Filipino people , Manila , Emilio Aguinaldo 771 Words 4 Pages. They questioned Spanish authorities and demanded. They do not hesitate to take a stand for what is right after thinking rationally about the causes they stand for. Free Manila , Philippine Revolution , Gomburza 518 Words 2 Pages. The charges against Fathers Gomez, Burgos and Zamora was their alleged complicity in the uprising of workers at the Cavite Naval Yard. El Presidente. I heard it for the first time in 1872 when the tragic executions of the Gomburza took place. Propaganda Philippine Revolution and Jose Rizal. This was considered to be the dawn of Philippine Nationalism, particularly after the execution of Gomburza. in your opinion, are these concepts on the filipino youth still relevant to this day. not understand his use of the word in Noli Me Tangere. He was young when he saw the martyrdom of the GOMBURZA and promised that he would dedicate himself to avenge one day for those victims. Paciano told Rizal about what he saw, and this opened Rizal s eyes to the reality of the society where they live. Pepe also had the chance to see the present world. With the Magical Book, Pepito went back to the time with Pepe and able to see the 1 The Termination of the three Martyr Friars Gomez, Burgos and Gomburza. The execution of GOMBURZA Paciano Rizal was one of the sacristans of Jose Burgos and he was there when the martyrs were executed in Bagumbayan. QUESTION Can the GomBurZa be considered heroes.
    [Show full text]
  • Philippine Studies Ateneo De Manila University • Loyola Heights, Quezon City • 1108 Philippines
    philippine studies Ateneo de Manila University • Loyola Heights, Quezon City • 1108 Philippines Recent Perspectives on the Revolution John N. Schumacher, S.J. Philippine Studies vol. 30, no. 4 (1982): 445–492 Copyright © Ateneo de Manila University Philippine Studies is published by the Ateneo de Manila University. Contents may not be copied or sent via email or other means to multiple sites and posted to a listserv without the copyright holder’s written permission. Users may download and print articles for individual, noncom- mercial use only. However, unless prior permission has been obtained, you may not download an entire issue of a journal, or download multiple copies of articles. Please contact the publisher for any further use of this work at [email protected]. http://www.philippinestudies.net Fri June 27 13:30:20 2008 Philippine Studies 30 (1982): 445-92 Recent Perspectives on the Revolution JOHN N. SCHUMACHER, S.J. Some writers consider the history of the Revolution to have overly dominated the attention of historians of the Philippines, to the detriment of more important subjects or of ones more relevant to contemporary concerns with the effects of American colonialism and ongoing neocolonialism. Rather than overworked, however, it would seem more accurate to say that the study of the Revolu- tion has until recently scarcely been touched, because of the narrowness of the frameworks within which it has been studied, and the monolithic explanations of the course of events which have been advanced. As a matter of fact, it is arguable, as this essay will attempt to show, that some of the new approaches to Revolutionary historiography are indeed very relevant to our contemporary problems of neocolonialism, agrarian unrest, un- just distribution of the nation's resources and military repression.
    [Show full text]
  • As Our Might Grows Less: the Philippine-American War In
    AS OUR MIGHT GROWS LESS: THE PHILIPPINE-AMERICAN WAR IN CONTEXT by JOSE AMIEL P. ANGELES A DISSERTATION Presented to the Department of History and the Graduate School of the University of Oregon in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy December 2013 DISSERTATION APPROVAL PAGE Student: Jose Amiel P. Angeles Title: As Our Might Grows Less: The Philippine-American War in Context This dissertation has been accepted and approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Doctor of Philosophy degree in the Department of History by: Glenn Anthony May Chairperson Carlos Aguirre Core Member Alexander Dracobly Core Member Thuong Vu Institutional Representative and Kimberly Andrews Espy Vice President for Research and Innovation; Dean of the Graduate School Original approval signatures are on file with the University of Oregon Graduate School. Degree awarded December 2013 ii © 2013 Jose Amiel P. Angeles iii DISSERTATION ABSTRACT Jose Amiel Palma Angeles Doctor of Philosophy Department of History December 2013 Title: As Our Might Grows Less: The Philippine-American War in Context The Philippine-American War has rarely been analyzed from the Filipino viewpoint. As a consequence, Filipino military activity is little known or misunderstood. This study aims to shed light on the Filipino side of the conflict. It does so by utilizing the Philippine Insurgent Records, which are the records of the Philippine government. More importantly, the thesis examines 300 years of Filipino history, starting with the
    [Show full text]
  • El "Ultimo Adios" De Rizal
    BIBLIOTECA NACIONAL DE FILIPINAS MANUALES DE INFORMACióN , , EL "ULTIMO ADIOS" DE RIZAL V ... ESTUDIO CRtTICO-EXPOSITIVO EN DOS PARTES POR JAIME C. DE VEYRA Miembro Correspondiente de la Real Academia Española [No. 4 DE LA SERIE] MANILA BUREAU OF PRINTING 1946 5474 , , EL ((ULTIMO ADIOS" DE RIZAL Dr. JosÉ P. RIZAL BIBLIOTECA NACIONAL DE FILIPINAS MANUALES DE INFORMACióN EL "ÚLTIMO ADIOS" DE RIZAL ESTUDIO CRfTICO-EXPOSITIVO EN DOS PARTES POR JAIME C. DE VEYRA Miembro Correspondiente de la Real Academia Española (No. 4 DE LA SERIE] MANILA BUREAU OF PRINTING 1946 5474 COPYRIGHT 1946 BY THE AUTHOR IN MEMORIAM EN el cincuentenario de la muerte de Rizal: con la presente.obra, que constituye la exposición de "su último pensamiento," queremos rendir a su memoria, en la forma mejor que nos es posible, el homenaje de nuestra admiración, gratitud y amor, por medio de la invención de Guttemberg, monumentum aere perennius. V , OBSERVACION PRELIMINAR ANTES que Su Excelencia el Presidente de Filipi­ nas Manuel Roxas me volviera a llamar al servicio de la República para asumir el cargo de Director de la Biblioteca Nacional, el mismo que ocupaba antes de estallar la guerra, mis compañeros de la Biblioteca, el Director Auxiliar Luis Montilla especialmente, pre­ pararon este volumen para ser distribuído antes de finalizar el año, con ocasión del cincuentenario de1 martirio de nuestro sabio, héroe y mártir, Dr. José Rizal. Esta publicación es la continuación de otras sobre importantes documentos históricos,-como el Epistolario Rizalino-el más destacado, en cinco volú­ menes, publicados por el Director Teodoro M. Kalaw, publicaciones que tuvieron que ser suspendidas du­ rante la guena.
    [Show full text]
  • Philippine History
    Submitted to: Mr. John Paulo Hubahib Submitted by: Tajul, Maria Regina D. History The Province of Laguna was named after Laguna de Bay, the body of water that forms its northern boundary. Laguna de Bay, in turn, was named after the town of Bay (Laguna de Bay is Spanish which means "Lake of Bay"), the first provincial capital. Captain Juan de Salcedo with a band of one hundred Spanish-Mexican soldiers and many Bisayan allies conquered the province and its surrounding regions for Spain in 1571. Seven years later, two Franciscan friars started the work of Christianization. In 1577, the Franciscan missionaries arrived in Manila, and in 1578 they started evangelizing Laguna, Morong (now Rizal), Tayabas (now Quezon) and the Bicol Peninsula. Fathers Juan de Placencia and Diego de Orepesa were the earliest Franciscans sent to these places. From 1580, the towns of Bay, Caliraya, Majayjay, Nagcarlan, Liliw, Pila, Santa Cruz, Lumban, Pangil and Siniloan were founded. In 1678, Fray Hernando Cabrera founded San Pablo de los Montes (now San Pablo City) and built a wooden church and convent considered as the best and finest in the province. In 1670, delimitation of borders were made between Lucban, Majayjay and Cavite. The populous town at that time was Bay, the capital of the province until 1688, when the seat of the provincial government was moved to Pagsanjan, and later, in 1858, to Santa Cruz. In 1754, the Province of Laguna and Tayabas were divided, with the Malinao River separating the towns of Majayjay and Lucban. The province became a bloody battle ground for the Chinese during the two instances that they rose in revolt against Spain.
    [Show full text]
  • Revolutionary Spirit: Jose Rizal in Southeast Asia
    The Institute of Southeast Asian Studies (ISEAS) was established as an autonomous organization in 1968. It is a regional centre dedicated to the study of socio-political, security and economic trends and developments in Southeast Asia and its wider geostrategic and economic environment. The Institute’s research programmes are the Regional Economic Studies (RES, including ASEAN and APEC), Regional Strategic and Political Studies (RSPS), and Regional Social and Cultural Studies (RSCS). ISEAS Publishing, an established academic press, has issued more than 2,000 books and journals. It is the largest scholarly publisher of research about Southeast Asia from within the region. ISEAS Publishing works with many other academic and trade publishers and distributors to disseminate important research and analyses from and about Southeast Asia to the rest of the world. 00 Revolutionary Spirit Prelims2 5/5/11, 4:44 PM First published in Singapore in 2011 by ISEAS Publishing Institute of Southeast Asian Studies 30 Heng Mui Keng Terrace Pasir Panjang Singapore 119614 E-mail: [email protected] Website: <http://bookshop.iseas.edu.sg> All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. © 2011 Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, Singapore The responsibility for facts and opinions in this publication rests exclusively with the author and his interpretations do not necessarily reflect the views or the policy of the publisher or its supporters. E-mail the author at: [email protected].
    [Show full text]