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Michelle Malham The Influence of Arabic in Spanish Culture Michelle Malham st nd 1 Major: Business Finance & 2 Major: Film Production Abstract The Study of Language (Continued) The Study of Language (Continued) The objective of my project is to describe the profound One of the identifying characteristics that words integrated during The Moriscos brought many agricultural techniques with them to the Moorish occupation of southern Spain is that they retained the influence of the Arabic culture in Spanish civilization. Spain, which is why many Spanish terms for irrigation are directly "al" prefix on the Arabic words. Arabic and Spanish have many words that sound the taken from the Arabic language.” (Nadeau, 40) Noria- waterwheel same and have similar meanings. Atarjea- duct o COTTON: Arabic: Al-qutun Spanish: algodón Italian: cotone Acequia- irrigation ditch Arcaduz- pipe Another important component of culture is reflected in o SUGAR: Arabic: al-sukkar Spanish: azúcar Italian: zucchero Zanja- ditch a country’s architecture. Lasting Arabic influence in Aljibe- cistern o OTHER words that start with al-: almohaza (currycomb), Azud- weir Southern Spain is seen in The Mezquita (Mosque) of · alhombra (the red one), alguacil(bailiff), alhucema (lavender), Córdoba, the Alcázar (Moorish Palace and Fortress) of Arabs introduced new foods on the Spanish plains. Many Arabs almacén(store), alcancía (box) Seville and Granada, Toledo, which was the medieval leaders were great agronomists, public administrators, and military capital of Spain, and and Hammams (Arab baths) of generals. The resulting influence in the Spanish language is Arabic words inspired many of the names of Spanish cities and Granada. remarkable: (Nadeau, 40) regions. arroz- rice Sevilla, Spain. Arabic: Isbiliya (Changed from Romans name Introduction granada- pomegranate azafrán- saffron From 711 AD until about 1492 AD, the south of Spain was limón- lemon “Hispalia”) albaricoque- apricot alcalde- mayor referred to as . Al-Andalus zanahoria- carrot melocotón- peach aduana- customs Guadalquivir Arabic: wadi al-kabir (Great River) azúcar- sugarcane barrio-district of a town jazmín- orange Guadalajara Arabic: wadi al-hajara (Stony River) In the 10th century, the Arabs had an empire that stretched Madrid Arabic: al-magrit (the Spring) from Morocco to central Asia, covering 6 million square Arabs introduce “Algebra” [Arabic root- miles in all. · La Mancha. South of Madrid, setting for Don Quixote al-jabr meaning "reduction to the root"] adventures Arabic: al-mansha (dry land or The Arabic culture and language spread fast in Spain and European scholars would flock to the wilderness)(Nadeau,43). had a lasting influence on the modern day culture. court of Toledo to study of Al- Conclusion , "whose name is the origin of The Al-Andalus occupation sparked a very progressive era Khwarizimi logarithm and algorithm” (Nadeau, 43) Looking forward to what we know as the Spanish for Spain. Arabs in Spain create breakthroughs in language, it is truly incredible how different it would have mathematics, irrigation technology, medicine, and Weir. Digital image. Grupo Puentes. Grupo Puentes, 2008. Web. 15 Apr. been if the Moors had not occupied the south of Spain astronomy. 2016. <http://www.grupopuentes.com/en/business-lines/hydraulic- Cordoba The Study of Architecture works-/weir-at-the-ebro>. This study showed me just how important it is to be a Hammams of “As early as the 8th century, the Arabs constructed the great (mosque), global student and learn from all cultures. The Moors mezquita Granada. 2016. using stones left over from the hispano- roman basilicas...” brought with them many technological advances that Granda. Web. 1 Apr. 2016. It’s a forest of roughly 856 columns, each topped with double arch of traveled throughout Europe through international students <http://www.ba alternating brown and cream bricks. who came to Spain to study. nosarabesgranad At the end of the 15th century, the columns in the center were removed to make The LARC at SDSU offers great resources to students who a.com/es/> room for a renaissance cathedral built in the middle of the mosque. are interested in further studying Spanish words and their “Cordoba's mezquita demonstrates how much Christians on the peninsula origin. References valued the great achievements of Muslim culture, even after they went on to Booton, Harold W. Architecture of Spain. Newcastle upon Tyne: oust the Muslims themselves in 1492.” (Booton, 24) The Study of Language jbsjvbOriel Press, 1966. Print. Morris, Edd. Alcazar Prioleau, Mack. of Seville. Digital Modern Spanish has a total of four thousand Arabic words. Some Dodds, Jerrilynn Denise, Maria Rosa Menocal, and Abigail Outside the Mosque. image. Exploring jbsjvbKrasner Balbale. 2016. Cordoba. Castles. Edd Morris, The Arts of Intimacy: Christians, Jews, and Muslims in examples of commonly used words are: (Nadeau, 43) Mack's Travels. Web. 016. Web. 1 Apr. jbsjvbthe making of Castilian culture. New Haven: Yale University Press, Aceite- olive oil. Arabic word for olive, al-zietun 1 Apr. 2016. 2016. Prioleau, Mack. Mezquita of Cordoba. 2016. Cordoba. Mack's jbsjvb2008. Print. <http://mackpriole <http://www.explori Azul- blue Travels. Web. 1 Apr. 2016. <http://mackprioleau.org/the- "Mosque of Cristo De La Luz." . Islamic Arts au.org/the-top- ng- Islamic Arts and Architecture Añil- indigo attractions-in- castles.com/alcazar_c top-attractions-in-spain/>. jbsjvband Architecture, 10 Feb. 2012. Web. 28 Apr. 2016 Alc atraz- sea eagle spain/>. astle.html>. Toledo Nadeau, Jean-Benoît, and Julie Barlow. The Story of Spanish. Olé is derived from the Arabic saying wa llah (by God) Seville Toledo was the Moors capital for 400 years, starting in the 8th jbsjvbNew York City: St. Martin's Griffin, 2014. Print. Ojalá is a common expression used in Mexican Spanish. Came th th Muslim architecture in Spain from the 12 to the 14 century became century. from a deformation of the Arabic saying wa sa llah (God Acknowledgements more decorative with the arrival of Maghribian (Muslims of Morocco). Mosque of Cristo de la Luz is the only mosque still standing Willing). I would like to thank Leticia Lopez, Spanish Professor, for assisting me Walls are covered with colorful tiles and Arabic inscriptions. out of 10 that once stood in the capital. on this project and encouraging me to participate in the symposium. They added plaster and embellished arches, vaults and cornices with The Western wall’s facade has “a lobed arch, horseshoe I would also like to thank the Mesa College librarians who were kind decorative geometrical designs with inlaid woodwork. arch, and a wider version of a horseshoe arch” (Dobbs, P. and knowledgeable about this topic, and led me to the great textbooks I These characteristics are mostly found in Seville and in the Alcázar 148). used for research. On the second highest arch there are alternating brown and where there is a plaster arcade. cream bricks similar to the ones seen at Cordoba. "The Giralda is constructed of brick and decorated with blind Arches on the West The ceiling is decorated with a series of Vaults. The center arcading, long trellis- like panels known as ajaracas”in (Booton, 37). entrance of Mosque of vault is deigned to look like a Cristo de la Luz. Digital Image. Alhambra in Cupola (small, dome like "Mosque of Cristo De Granada, Spain. structure on the roof). La Luz." Islamic Arts Digital image. Islamic Alhambra in Each vault is unique and and Architecture Arts and Architecture, Giralda of Seville. Digital image. Giralda of Granada, Spain. Yabdoo, 2013. the “ribs” that create the 10 Feb. 2012. Web. 28 Seville. Zimmer-man.com, 10 Mar. 2016. Web. 10 Apr. deign do not cross in the Apr. 2016 Web. 8 Mar. 2016. <http://zimmer- 2016. man.com/listing/la-giralda-in-seville/> <http://w w w. ya b Tile Love from Sevilla. Digital image. Escapingmiddle, a technique that is doo.com/board/a to Colorful Sevilla, Spain. Young Adventures, Alcázar Plaster Arcade. Digital image. Seville Spain. Mary Ann Sullivan, 2005. Web. 1 Apr. 2016. popular in Muslim designs <https://www.bluffton.edu/~sullivanm/spain/seville/alcazar/alcazar6.html>. rchive/index.php/22 Feb. 2016. Web. 5 Apr. 2016. Vaults. Digital Image. "Mosque of Cristo De La Luz.” t-35156.html> <http://youngadventuress.com/2016/02/vi (Dobbs, P. 148). "Mosque of Cristo De La Luz." Islamic Arts and sit-seville-spain.html> Architecture. Islamic Arts and Architecture, 10 Feb. 2012. Web. 28 Apr. 2016 .
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