The Influence of in Spanish Culture

Michelle Malham

st nd 1 Major: Business Finance & 2 Major: Film Production

Abstract The Study of Language (Continued)

The Study of Language (Continued)  The objective of my project is to describe the profound One of the identifying characteristics that words integrated during The Moriscos brought many agricultural techniques with them to the Moorish occupation of southern is that they retained the influence of the Arabic culture in Spanish civilization. Spain, which is why many Spanish terms for irrigation are directly "al" prefix on the Arabic words.  Arabic and Spanish have many words that sound the taken from the Arabic language.” (Nadeau, 40)  Noria- waterwheel same and have similar meanings.  Atarjea- duct o COTTON: Arabic: Al-qutun  Spanish: algodón  Italian: cotone  Acequia- irrigation ditch  Arcaduz- pipe  Another important component of culture is reflected in o SUGAR: Arabic: al-sukkar  Spanish: azúcar  Italian: zucchero   Zanja- ditch a country’s architecture. Lasting Arabic influence in Aljibe- cistern o OTHER words that start with al-: almohaza (currycomb),  Azud- weir Southern Spain is seen in The Mezquita () of · alhombra (the red one), alguacil(bailiff), alhucema (lavender),

Córdoba, the Alcázar (Moorish Palace and Fortress) of introduced new foods on the Spanish plains. Many Arabs almacén(store), alcancía (box) and Granada, Toledo, which was the medieval leaders were great agronomists, public administrators, and military capital of Spain, and and (Arab baths) of generals. The resulting influence in the is Arabic words inspired many of the names of Spanish cities and Granada. remarkable: (Nadeau, 40) regions.

Introduction  arroz- rice  granada- pomegranate  azafrán- saffron  Sevilla, Spain.  Arabic: Isbiliya (Changed from Romans name

 From 711 AD until about 1492 AD, the south of Spain was  limón- lemon  albaricoque- apricot  alcalde- mayor “Hispalia”)

referred to as Al-Andalus.  zanahoria- carrot  melocotón- peach  aduana- customs  Guadalquivir  Arabic: wadi al-kabir (Great River)

 azúcar- sugarcane  barrio-district of a town  jazmín- orange  Guadalajara  Arabic: wadi al-hajara (Stony River)  In the 10th century, the Arabs had an empire that stretched  Madrid  Arabic: al-magrit (the Spring) from to central Asia, covering 6 million square  Arabs introduce “Algebra” [Arabic root- miles in all. ·  La Mancha. South of Madrid, setting for Don Quixote al-jabr meaning "reduction to the root"] adventures  Arabic: al-mansha (dry land or  European scholars would flock to the  The Arabic culture and language spread fast in Spain and wilderness)(Nadeau,43).

had a lasting influence on the modern day culture. court of Toledo to study of Al- Conclusion , "whose name is the origin of  The Al-Andalus occupation sparked a very progressive era Khwarizimi  Looking forward to what we know as the Spanish for Spain. Arabs in Spain create breakthroughs in logarithm and algorithm” (Nadeau, 43) language, it is truly incredible how different it would have mathematics, irrigation technology, medicine, and Weir. Digital image. Grupo Puentes. Grupo Puentes, 2008. Web. 15 Apr. been if the had not occupied the south of Spain astronomy. Cordoba The Study of Architecture 2016. . Hammams of “As early as the 8th century, the Arabs constructed the great mezquita (mosque), global student and learn from all cultures. The Moors Granada. 2016. using stones left over from the hispano- roman basilicas...” brought with them many technological advances that Granda. Web. 1 Apr. 2016.  It’s a forest of roughly 856 columns, each topped with double of traveled throughout Europe through international students room for a cathedral built in the middle of the mosque. are interested in further studying Spanish words and their

 “Cordoba's mezquita demonstrates how much Christians on the peninsula origin. References valued the great achievements of Muslim culture, even after they went on to Booton, Harold W. Architecture of Spain. Newcastle upon Tyne: The Study of Language oust the Muslims themselves in 1492.” (Booton, 24) Morris, Edd. Alcazar jbsjvbOriel Press, 1966. Print. Prioleau, Mack. of Seville. Digital Modern Spanish has a total of four thousand Arabic words. Some Dodds, Jerrilynn Denise, Maria Rosa Menocal, and Abigail Outside the Mosque. image. Exploring jbsjvbKrasner Balbale. The Arts of Intimacy: Christians, Jews, and Muslims in examples of commonly used words are: (Nadeau, 43) 2016. Cordoba. Castles. Edd Morris, Mack's Travels. Web. 016. Web. 1 Apr. jbsjvbthe making of Castilian culture. New Haven: Yale University Press,  Aceite- olive oil. Arabic word for olive, al-zietun 1 Apr. 2016. 2016. Prioleau, Mack. Mezquita of Cordoba. 2016. Cordoba. Mack's jbsjvb2008. Print. . jbsjvband Architecture, 10 Feb. 2012. Web. 28 Apr. 2016  Alc atraz- sea eagle spain/>. astle.html>. Toledo Nadeau, Jean-Benoît, and Julie Barlow. The Story of Spanish.  Olé is derived from the Arabic saying wa llah (by God) Toledo was the Moors capital for 400 years, starting in the 8th jbsjvbNew York City: St. Martin's Griffin, 2014. Print. Seville  Ojalá is a common expression used in Mexican Spanish. Came th th Muslim architecture in Spain from the 12 to the 14 century became century. from a deformation of the Arabic saying wa sa llah (God Acknowledgements more decorative with the arrival of Maghribian (Muslims of Morocco).  Mosque of Cristo de la Luz is the only mosque still standing Willing). I would like to thank Leticia Lopez, Spanish Professor, for assisting me  Walls are covered with colorful tiles and Arabic inscriptions. out of 10 that once stood in the capital. on this project and encouraging me to participate in the symposium.  They added plaster and embellished , vaults and cornices with  The Western wall’s facade has “a lobed arch, horseshoe I would also like to thank the Mesa College librarians who were kind decorative geometrical designs with inlaid woodwork. arch, and a wider version of a horseshoe arch” (Dobbs, P. and knowledgeable about this topic, and led me to the great textbooks I

 These characteristics are mostly found in Seville and in the Alcázar 148). used for research.  On the second highest arch there are alternating brown and where there is a plaster arcade. cream bricks similar to the ones seen at Cordoba.  "The Giralda is constructed of brick and decorated with blind Arches on the West  The ceiling is decorated with a series of Vaults. The center arcading, long trellis- like panels known as ajaracas”in (Booton, 37). entrance of Mosque of vault is deigned to look like a Cristo de la Luz. Digital Image.

Alhambra in Cupola (small, like "Mosque of Cristo De Granada, Spain. structure on the roof). La Luz." Islamic Arts Digital image.

. Islamic in  Each vault is unique and and Architecture Arts and Architecture, Giralda of Seville. Digital image. Giralda of Granada, Spain. Yabdoo, 2013. the “ribs” that create the 10 Feb. 2012. Web. 28 Seville. Zimmer-man.com, 10 Mar. 2016. Web. 10 Apr. Apr. 2016 Web. 8 Mar. 2016. . rchive/index.php/22 Feb. 2016. Web. 5 Apr. 2016. Vaults. Digital Image. "Mosque of Cristo De La Luz.” t-35156.html> Architecture. Islamic Arts and Architecture, 10 Feb. 2012. Web. 28 Apr. 2016