In the Iberian Peninsula and Beyond
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The Moslim Saint in Toledo Cathedral By: Angus Macnab
The Moslim Saint in Toledo Cathedral By: Angus Macnab Studies in Comparative Religion, Vol. 2, No. 2. (Spring, 1968) © World Wisdom, Inc. www.studiesincomparativereligion.com THE main chapel of Toledo Cathedral has one curious feature which is sometimes allowed to pass unnoticed, though it must surely be unique among Christian churches. Amid the effigies of saints, holy bishops, abbots, and Christian monarchs—defenders of the faith—there stands a fine polychrome statue of an Islamic doctor of theology. This cathedral was not begun until the early thirteenth century; but the memory of the saintly Mussulman was still held in such regard at Toledo a century and a half after the reconquest of the city from the Arabs, that his image was set up in one of the two most prominent positions of honour. These two conspicuous sites are the two pillars which, with the two others beside the twin pulpits, sustain the vault of the main chapel. The one on the Gospel side has a statue of the mysterious Shepherd of Las Navas—thought by some to have been an apparition of St. Isidore the Farm-Hand, Patron of Madrid—who showed King Alfonso the Good the secret mountain pass that enabled the Christian army to win the decisive victory of the Reconquest at Navas de Tolosa in 1212, and who vanished after showing the path to the leaders; the statue is said to have been made from a rough sketch drawn by the king himself. And in the corresponding position on the Epistle-side pillar stands the Moslem who won the great victory of renunciation and peace. -
Anexo 3: Toponimia De Introducción Mozárabe1 En La Gallaecia
ANEXO 3: TOPONIMIA DE INTRODUCCIÓN MOZÁRABE1 EN LA GALLAECIA 3. 1. DE ORIGEN ÁRABE. Abavides2 (2 Our.) ver Benavides (nótese la influencia del grupo consonántico radical árabe b-d-s que significa “fuerte”). Abeledo (AC.) < al-balad (“la villa” o núcleo habitacional “el pueblo” ; relac. con grupo al-barid: Albarite). Abezames (Zam.) < Abu Samad / Sallam (onomást., posible relac. con Avezano). Abiboreira (Beira Baixa) / Abitureira (Beira Alta) / Aboboleira (Trás Os.)< Abu y “Horeira”-Hurayra- (posible error de transcripción b por h / t por h respectivamente; onomástico). Abucide (AC.) < Abu Sa´id(e) (onomást.; relac. con Vilaside). Abuzalema (Our.) < Abu Salama (onomást.). Aceña/s ( 4 Lu., Ov., Pont.) / Acea, A (3 AC.) / Haceña (Ov., Salam.) / Haceñuela (Salam.) / Azenha (Minho) Cenia, La (Le.) < al-saniya(t) (“rueda para la irrigación, noria, molino; animal que la hace girar”). 1 No debemos olvidar que la implantación de toponimia de origen árabe también pudo ser introducida sin grandes problemas desde por lo menos el siglo VIII al XII-XIII por población mudéjar (¿desde siglo IX?), muladí o duales mozárabes-muladíes de frontera, es decir, musulmanes de origen cristiano, y nada impide pensar lo contrario de también viceversa (ss. XIII, XIV: “tornadiços”, moriscos), incluso locales asentados mínimamente arabizados culturalmente. El asentamiento beréber tampoco debe ser despreciado aunque un minucioso estudio debería indagar el especial árabe (con influencia tamazig sin duda y que se refleja en algunos de los topónimos seleccionados) de esta presencia de aproximadamente más de cuarenta años de vigilancia (¿asentamiento técnico?) en nuestros territorios. No hemos querido hacer de esta lista un estudio exhaustivo de los mismos. -
Judaeo-Converso Merchants in the Private Trade Between Macao and Manila in the Early Modern Period
JUDAEO-CONVERSO MERCHANTS IN THE PRIVATE TRADE BETWEEN MACAO AND MANILA IN THE EARLY MODERN PERIOD LÚCIO DE SOUSA Tokyo University of Foreign Studiesa ABSTRACT The present paper intends to contribute with new information to a reconstruction of the Sephardic presence in the Macao–Manila commer- cial network. For this purpose, in the first place, we intend to trace the pro- file of the Judaeo-converso merchants arriving in China and the Philippines and to reconstruct the commercial networks to which they belonged during the 16th and early 17th centuries. Keywords: Jewish Diaspora, commercial networks, Macao–Manila JEL Codes: N15, N16 RESUMEN El presente artículo tiene la intención de contribuircon información nueva a una reconstrucción de la presencia sefardí en la red comercial Macao– Manila. Para este fin, el trabajo rastrea el perfil de los comerciantes Judaeo- conversos que viven en China y Filipinas y reconstruye las redes comerciales a las que pertenecieron durante el siglo XVI y principios del siglo XVII. Palabras clave: Diáspora judía, redes comerciales, Macao-Manila a School of International and Area Studies, Tokyo University of Foreign Studies, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8534, Japan. [email protected] Revista de Historia Económica, Journal of Iberian and Latin American Economic History 519 Vol. 38, No. 3: 519–552. doi:10.1017/S0212610919000260 © Instituto Figuerola, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid 2019. This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. -
Celts and the Castro Culture in the Iberian Peninsula – Issues of National Identity and Proto-Celtic Substratum
Brathair 18 (1), 2018 ISSN 1519-9053 Celts and the Castro Culture in the Iberian Peninsula – issues of national identity and Proto-Celtic substratum Silvana Trombetta1 Laboratory of Provincial Roman Archeology (MAE/USP) [email protected] Received: 03/29/2018 Approved: 04/30/2018 Abstract : The object of this article is to discuss the presence of the Castro Culture and of Celtic people on the Iberian Peninsula. Currently there are two sides to this debate. On one hand, some consider the “Castro” people as one of the Celtic groups that inhabited this part of Europe, and see their peculiarity as a historically designed trait due to issues of national identity. On the other hand, there are archeologists who – despite not ignoring entirely the usage of the Castro culture for the affirmation of national identity during the nineteenth century (particularly in Portugal) – saw distinctive characteristics in the Northwest of Portugal and Spain which go beyond the use of the past for political reasons. We will examine these questions aiming to decide if there is a common Proto-Celtic substrate, and possible singularities in the Castro Culture. Keywords : Celts, Castro Culture, national identity, Proto-Celtic substrate http://ppg.revistas.uema.br/index.php/brathair 39 Brathair 18 (1), 2018 ISSN 1519-9053 There is marked controversy in the use of the term Celt and the matter of the presence of these people in Europe, especially in Spain. This controversy involves nationalism, debates on the possible existence of invading hordes (populations that would bring with them elements of the Urnfield, Hallstatt, and La Tène cultures), and the possible presence of a Proto-Celtic cultural substrate common to several areas of the Old Continent. -
VOLUME 1 • NUMBER 1 • 2018 Aims and Scope
VOLUME 1 • NUMBER 1 • 2018 Aims and Scope Critical Romani Studies is an international, interdisciplinary, peer-reviewed journal, providing a forum for activist-scholars to critically examine racial oppressions, different forms of exclusion, inequalities, and human rights abuses Editors of Roma. Without compromising academic standards of evidence collection and analysis, the Journal seeks to create a platform to critically engage with Maria Bogdan academic knowledge production, and generate critical academic and policy Central European University knowledge targeting – amongst others – scholars, activists, and policy-makers. Jekatyerina Dunajeva Pázmány Péter Catholic University Scholarly expertise is a tool, rather than the end, for critical analysis of social phenomena affecting Roma, contributing to the fight for social justice. The Journal Tímea Junghaus especially welcomes the cross-fertilization of Romani studies with the fields of European Roma Institute for Arts and Culture critical race studies, gender and sexuality studies, critical policy studies, diaspora studies, colonial studies, postcolonial studies, and studies of decolonization. Angéla Kóczé Central European University The Journal actively solicits papers from critically-minded young Romani Iulius Rostas (editor-in-chief) scholars who have historically experienced significant barriers in engaging Central European University with academic knowledge production. The Journal considers only previously unpublished manuscripts which present original, high-quality research. The Márton Rövid (managing editor) Journal is committed to the principle of open access, so articles are available free Central European University of charge. All published articles undergo rigorous peer review, based on initial Marek Szilvasi (review editor) editorial screening and refereeing by at least two anonymous scholars. The Journal Open Society Foundations provides a modest but fair remuneration for authors, editors, and reviewers. -
Homework #1 - Phonetics and Orthography Due Wednesday, April 11Th
LIGN 143 – Structure of Spanish Spring 2012, Moore Homework #1 - Phonetics and Orthography Due Wednesday, April 11th NOTE: for this assignment, you only need to write prose for question 7. For questions 1-6 simply provide the appropriate symbols. 1. Give the orthography for the following phonetic transcriptions. Use a dictionary to be sure of the correct spellings. These transcriptions represent a ‘standard’ Latin American pronunciation. An online dictionary is available at http://www.spanishdict.com – type in the English word and find the Spanish orthography. If you then type in the Spanish word, you can click on a sound file to hear the Spanish word pronounced. In most, but not all, cases, the pronunciation corresponds to these phonetic transcriptions. See if you can hear where there is a difference – don’t write about these differences, but be prepared to discuss them in class. (i) [byéxo] ‘old’ (xii) [bómba] ‘bomb’ (ii) [úβa] ‘grape’ (xiii) [góma] ‘rubber’ (iii) [fál̪d̪a] ‘skirt’ (xiv) [esperyénsya] ‘experience’ (iv) [merkáðo] ‘market’ (xv) [d̪ón̪d̪e] ‘where’ (v) [lús] ‘light’ (xvi) [síŋko] ‘five’ (vi) [saserðót̪e] ‘priest’ (xvii) [ŷúŋk̪e] ‘anvil’ (vii) [báŋko] ‘bank’ (xviii) [láγo] ‘lake’ (viii) [ŷéma] ‘egg yolk’ (xix) [xamón] ‘ham’ (ix) [í] ‘and’ (xx) [báka] ‘cow’ (x) [báy−e] ‘valley’ (xxi) [múy] ‘very’ (xi) [r ̃áβo] ‘tail’ (xxii) [x̪emélo] ‘twin’ (xxiii) [r ̃áy−o] ‘ray’ 2. Based on the data in (1), give the phonetic symbols that can correspond to each of the following orthographic letters: b, v, d, g, j, c, z, s , y, r. NOTE: just list the symbols for each letter; do not try to analyse anything. -
L2/20-246 Teeth and Bellies: a Proposed Model for Encoding Book Pahlavi
L2/20-246 Teeth and bellies: a proposed model for encoding Book Pahlavi Roozbeh Pournader (WhatsApp) September 7, 2020 Background In Everson 2002, a proposal was made to encode a unified Avestan and Pahlavi script in the Unicode Standard. The proposal went through several iterations, eventually leading to a separate encoding of Avestan as proposed by Everson and Pournader 2007a, in which Pahlavi was considered non-unifiable with Avestan due to its cursive joining property. The non-cursive Inscriptional Pahlavi (Everson and Pournader 2007b) and the cursive Psalter Pahlavi (Everson and Pournader 2011) were later encoded too. But Book Pahlavi, despite several attempts (see the Book Pahlavi Topical Document list at https://unicode.org/L2/ topical/bookpahlavi/), remains unencoded. Everson 2002 is peculiar among earlier proposals by proposing six Pahlavi archigraphemes, including an ear, an elbow, and a belly. I remember from conversations with Michael Everson that he intended these to be used for cases when a scribe was just copying some text without understanding the underlying letters, considering the complexity of the script and the loss of some of its nuances to later scribes. They could also be used when modern scholars wanted to represent a manuscript as written, without needing to over-analyze potentially controversial readings. Meyers 2014 takes such a graphical model to an extreme, trying to encode pieces of the writing system, most of which have some correspondence to letters, but with occasional partial letters (e.g. PARTIAL SHIN and FINAL SADHE-PARTIAL PE). Unfortunately, their proposal rejects joining properties for Book Pahlavi and insists that “[t]he joining behaviour of the final stems of the characters in Book Pahlavi is more similar to cursive variants of Latin than to Arabic”. -
The Muslim Caliphates Ringmar, Erik
The Muslim Caliphates Ringmar, Erik Published in: History of International Relations 2016 Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): Ringmar, E. (Accepted/In press). The Muslim Caliphates. In History of International Relations Open Book Publishers. Total number of authors: 1 General rights Unless other specific re-use rights are stated the following general rights apply: Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal Read more about Creative commons licenses: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/ Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. LUND UNIVERSITY PO Box 117 221 00 Lund +46 46-222 00 00 Dear reader, This is a first draft of the chapter on the Muslim caliphates for the textbook on the history of international relations that I'm working on. Chapters on the Mongol empire, India, Africa and the Americas will follow. Since this is a draft I'm very keen to hear your comments. Get in touch: [email protected] The book will be published by Open Book Publishers, out of Cambridge, hopefully next year. -
Persian Language
v course reference persian language r e f e r e n c e زبان فارسی The Persian Language 1 PERSIAN OR FARSI? In the U.S., the official language of Iran is language courses in “Farsi,” universities and sometimes called “Farsi,” but sometimes it is scholars prefer the historically correct term called “Persian.” Whereas U.S. government “Persian.” The term “Farsi” is better reserved organizations have traditionally developed for the dialect of Persian used in Iran. 2 course reference AN INDO-EUROPEAN LANGUAGE Persian is a member of the Indo-European Persian has three major dialects: Farsi, language family, which is the largest in the the official language of Iran, spoken by 50 world. percent of the population; Dari, spoken mostly in Afghanistan, and Tajiki, spoken Persian falls under the Indo-Iranian branch, in Tajikistan. Other languages in Iran are comprising languages spoken primarily Arabic, New Aramaic, Armenian, Georgian in Afghanistan, Iran, Pakistan, India, and Turkic dialects such as Azerbaidjani, Bangladesh, areas of Turkey and Iraq, and Khalaj, Turkemenian and Qashqa”i. some of the former Soviet Union. INDO-EUROPEAN LANGUAGES GERMANIC INDO-IRANIAN HELLENIC CELTIC ITALIC BALTO-SLAVIC Polish Russin Indic Greek Serbo-Crotin North Germnic Ltin Irnin Mnx Irish Welsh Old Norse Swedish Scottish Avestn Old Persin Icelndic Norwegin French Spnish Portuguese Itlin Middle Persin West Germnic Snskrit Rumnin Ctln Frsi Kurdish Bengli Urdu Gujrti Hindi Old High Germn Old Dutch Anglo-Frisin Middle High Germn Middle Dutch Old Frisin Old English Germn Flemish Dutch Afrikns Frisin Middle English Yiddish Modern English vi v Persian Language 3 ALPHABET: FROM PAHLAVI TO ARABIC History tells us that Iranians used the Pahlavi Unlike English, Persian is written from right writing system prior to the 7th Century. -
Exonyms – Standards Or from the Secretariat Message from the Secretariat 4
NO. 50 JUNE 2016 In this issue Preface Message from the Chairperson 3 Exonyms – standards or From the Secretariat Message from the Secretariat 4 Special Feature – Exonyms – standards standardization? or standardization? What are the benefits of discerning 5-6 between endonym and exonym and what does this divide mean Use of Exonyms in National 6-7 Exonyms/Endonyms Standardization of Geographical Names in Ukraine Dealing with Exonyms in Croatia 8-9 History of Exonyms in Madagascar 9-11 Are there endonyms, exonyms or both? 12-15 The need for standardization Exonyms, Standards and 15-18 Standardization: New Directions Practice of Exonyms use in Egypt 19-24 Dealing with Exonyms in Slovenia 25-29 Exonyms Used for Country Names in the 29 Repubic of Korea Botswana – Exonyms – standards or 30 standardization? From the Divisions East Central and South-East Europe 32 Division Portuguese-speaking Division 33 From the Working Groups WG on Exonyms 31 WG on Evaluation and Implementation 34 From the Countries Burkina Faso 34-37 Brazil 38 Canada 38-42 Republic of Korea 42 Indonesia 43 Islamic Republic of Iran 44 Saudi Arabia 45-46 Sri Lanka 46-48 State of Palestine 48-50 Training and Eucation International Consortium of Universities 51 for Training in Geographical Names established Upcoming Meetings 52 UNGEGN Information Bulletin No. 50 June 2106 Page 1 UNGEGN Information Bulletin The Information Bulletin of the United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names (formerly UNGEGN Newsletter) is issued twice a year by the Secretariat of the Group of Experts. The Secretariat is served by the Statistics Division (UNSD), Department for Economic and Social Affairs (DESA), Secretariat of the United Nations. -
Jewish Averroists Between Two Expulsions (1306-1492): from Conflict to Reconciliation
JEWISH AVERROISTS BETWEEN TWO EXPULSIONS (1306-1492): FROM CONFLICT TO RECONCILIATION Basem Mahmud Freie Universität Berlin ABSTRACT This article investigates the intellectual production of Jewish authors influenced by Averroes in the 14th and 15th Centuries in northern Spain and southern France. The primary objective is to determine the main features of Jewish Averroism in this period, and to understand it within its socio-historical context. The outcomes suggest that there was a relationship between the new social and political trends toward democratization and reconciliation in the heart of Jewish communities on one hand, and the growing interest in Averroes’ original works on the other. Original here means the works that are not commentaries or summaries of other works. Key words: Aristotelianism, Averroes, Averroism, Jewish philosophy, Kabbalah, Maimonides, Scripture. INTRODUCTION «There is nothing worse in social government than a policy that makes one single society into several, just as there is no greater good in communities than a policy that joins and unifies» (Averroes)1 The 14th Century was a very difficult time for Jewish communities in northern Spain and southern France, they faced great threats from outside as well as significant domestic division. The domestic conflict emerged not only because of religious and philosophical issues, but also due to economic and social matters related to the distribution of wealth and power within Jewish communities.2 In addition, these communities lived in delicate conditions due to threats from the Christians. This situation also had an effect on demographics. Since the last years of 13th Century, the Jewish community started to encounter sizeable obstacles in its demographic development.3 Under these conditions, Hebraic Averroism continued its development which had begun in XIII century. -
CV-Ligia María Castro Monge (EN-Julio2017-RIM)
LIGIA MARIA CASTRO-MONGE [email protected] [email protected] Telephone: (506) 8314-3313 Skype: lcastromonge San José, Costa Rica COMPETENCIES Prominent experience in the economic and financial fields, both at the academic and practical levels. In the financial field, the specialization areas are financial institutions’ regulation, risk analysis and microfinance. Excellent capacity for leadership, decision-making and teamwork promotion. Oriented towards results, innovative and with excellent interpersonal relationships. EXPERIENCE: CONSULTING May-Sept 17 The SEEP Network U.S.A. Awareness raising & dissemination of best practices for disaster risk reduction among FSPs, their clients and relevant stakeholders • To develop, pilot and finalize workshop methodology designed to raise awareness and disseminate existing best practices related to disaster risk reduction for FSPs, their clients and other relevant stakeholders working in disaster and crisis-affected environments. • Pilot projects to be conducted in Nepal (July 2017) and the Philippines (August 2017) Jan-Sept 17 BAYAN ADVISERS Jordan Establishment of a full-function risk management unit for Vitas-Jordan • Diagnostic analysis and evaluation phase applying the RMGM to define an institutional road map for strengthening the risk management framework and function including, among others, a high-level risk management department structure and the establishment of a risk committee at the board level • Based on the institutional road map to strengthen risk management, development