Proceedings of the 1981 Clinic on Library Applications of Data
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Why We Should Consider the Plurality of Hacker and Maker Cultures 2017
Repositorium für die Medienwissenschaft Sebastian Kubitschko; Annika Richterich; Karin Wenz „There Simply Is No Unified Hacker Movement.“ Why We Should Consider the Plurality of Hacker and Maker Cultures 2017 https://doi.org/10.25969/mediarep/1115 Veröffentlichungsversion / published version Zeitschriftenartikel / journal article Empfohlene Zitierung / Suggested Citation: Kubitschko, Sebastian; Richterich, Annika; Wenz, Karin: „There Simply Is No Unified Hacker Movement.“ Why We Should Consider the Plurality of Hacker and Maker Cultures. In: Digital Culture & Society, Jg. 3 (2017), Nr. 1, S. 185– 195. DOI: https://doi.org/10.25969/mediarep/1115. Erstmalig hier erschienen / Initial publication here: https://doi.org/10.14361/dcs-2017-0112 Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Dieser Text wird unter einer Creative Commons - This document is made available under a creative commons - Namensnennung - Nicht kommerziell - Keine Bearbeitungen 4.0 Attribution - Non Commercial - No Derivatives 4.0 License. For Lizenz zur Verfügung gestellt. Nähere Auskünfte zu dieser Lizenz more information see: finden Sie hier: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 “There Simply Is No Unified Hacker Movement.” Why We Should Consider the Plurality of Hacker and Maker Cultures Sebastian Kubitschko in Conversation with Annika Richterich and Karin Wenz Sebastian Kubitschko is a postdoctoral researcher at the Centre for Media, Communication and Information Research (ZeMKI) at the University of Bremen in Germany. His main research fields are political communication, social movements and civil society organisations. In order to address the relevance of new forms of techno-political civic engagement, he has conducted qualitative, empirical research on one of the world’s oldest and largest hacker organisations, the Chaos Computer Club (CCC). -
Home Computer on the Line - the West German BBS Scene and the Change of Telecommunications in the 1980S
Home Computer on the Line - The West German BBS Scene and the Change of Telecommunications in the 1980s Matthias Röhr 1. Introduction On the evening of 16th June 1987, the system operators of five German bulletin board systems (BBS) received unexpected visitors. Accompanied by the police, officials of the “Deutsche Bundespost” (Federal Post Office) searched the homes of the juvenile computer enthusiasts for evidence of violations of the “Fernmeldeanlagengesetz” (Telecommunications Device Act), in particular the connection of modems or acoustic couplers to the telephone line without official postal approval. The postal officials seized the devices and the home computers (Chaos Computer Club 1987). The young people visited by the Bundespost had experimented with their home computers. They had connected them to the telephone net- work to enable other home computer owners to call them and exchange data and texts via the telephone line. Thus, the home computer was no longer just an isolated device, but a communication tool from which the callers could connect to each other. On such a bulletin board system, home computer users could exchange files, have discussions and gain ac- cess to information otherwise difficult to get. For some politically-minded computer enthusiasts of the 1980s like the members of the Chaos Computer Club in Hamburg, BBS seemed the ideal medium for a “digital counterpublic”. BBS were a freely accessible and non-censorable medium, ideal for publishing politically relevant in- formation which otherwise would have remained unpublished. BBS and Media in Action | Issue 1/2017 | http://mediainaction.uni-siegen.de 116 Thematic Focus : Fundaments of Digitisation electronic telecommunication therefore had a huge democratic potential for them. -
Information to Users
INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6” x 9” black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. UMI A Bell & Howell Information Company 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor MI 48106-1346 USA 313/761-4700 800/521-0600 PRIVACY-IMPLICATED SYSTEM DESIGN IN THE VIRTUAL MARKETPLACE DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of the Ohio State University By Huichuan Liu, B.A., M.A. -
Videotex in Europe Conference Proce!Edings
ORGANISED BY THE COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES Videotex in Europe Conference ProcE!edings Edited by Carlo Vernimb and William Skyvington With a preface by Georges Anderla Learned Information Oxford and New York Videotex in Europe I ' ; v· : -;:· Proceedings of th~ • ~ideotex 1n Europe ~ Conference Luxembourg 19-20 July 1979 Organ1sed by the COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES Edited by Carlo Vernimb and William Skyvington ' ~ ~ ~ With a preface by Georges Anderla (Learned Information 1980 Oxford and New York ', \\ ·J Videotex in Europe © ECSC, EEC, EAEC, Brussels and Luxembourg, 1980 All rights reserved ISBN 0 904933 22 9 Published by Learned Information (Europe) Ltd. Learned Information Besselsleigh Road The Anderson House Abingdon Stokes Road Oxford OX1 3 6 EF Medford, N.J. 08055 England U.S.A. (~co:Y) - tYI · (. :;r.,{ IV Contents Page PREFACE Mr. G. Anderla, Director - Information Management (CEC Directorate General XIII) v1i EDITORS' NOTE 1x OPENING OF THE CONFERENCE Mr. R.K. Appleyard, D1rector General- Sc1ent1f1c and Techn1callnformat1on and Information Management (CEC Directorate General XIII) INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDIES Mr. C. Vern1mb, Co-ordmator - New Information Technologies (CEC Directorate General XIII) 3 TERMINOLOGY 5 LECTURE: "Videotex Development in the Community" Mr. M. Kohn, (Telesystemes, Pans) 7 TEXT: "Videotex/Euronet Compatibility" [summanzed extracts from the study report] (Telesystemes, Pans) 22 LECTURE: "Videotex Development outside the Community" Mr. R. Woolfe (Butler, Cox & Partners, London) 44 DISCUSSION - Session No. 1 51 LECTURE: "Videotex Market in the Community" Mr. H.D. Scholz (Pactel, Frankfurt) 63 TEXT: "Videotex Market and Display Study" [summaned extracts from the study report] (PA Management Consultants, Frankfurt) 75 LECTURE: "Market for Videotex Business Terminals" Mr. -
Afterword: Omissions,Additions, and Corrections
Afterword: Omissions,Additions, and Corrections The astute reader will notice that I’ve omitted a few online services. Some were so short-lived or of so little consequence that they would be meaningless to most readers. Others are beyond the theme or time frame of this book. Some of the omissions: ABI/INFORM (Abstracted Business Information), a database of abstracted information from selected business publications, hosted by ORBIT, Dialog, and eventually UMI/ProQuest Data Courier, a small online service hosted by the Louisville Courier- Journal (the owners of which bought ABI/INFORM under the company name “Data Courier”) EasyLink, Western Union’s now-defunct email/FAX/mail system Easynet, a front end for more than 700 database services EasyPlex, a specialized CompuServe email service E-COM, the United States Postal Service’s electronic messaging service (EMS) Freenet, free BBSs in cities such as Cleveland and Rochester that used the same software and were designed to serve as community centers Info-Look, a gateway to online services hosted by Nynex Internet Relay Chat (IRC), the first implementation of real-time chatting via the Internet (Jarkko Oikarinen, 1988) Knowledge Index (KI), a subset of Dialog databases The Microsoft Network (MSN), more an ISP than online service that started after Bill Gates decided that the Internet was going to be important, after all 177 178 Afterword MIX, the McGraw-Hill Information Exchange, a CoSy-based service for educators NABU Network, a Canadian online service that operated -
Self-Colonizing Eeurope
Self‐Colonizing eEurope: The Information Society Merges onto the Information Superhighway STEPHANIE R. SCHULTE The 2002 German film Halbe Miete (Half the Rent) follows a computer hacker in his thirties named Peter as he “unplugs,” that is, as he makes the conscious decision to live his life off‐line.1 The gaunt hacker emerges from his darkened computer room to discover that his girlfriend has died in their apartment under ambiguous circumstances. Distraught, he puffs a cigarette in a daze until his cellular telephone rings and frightens him; instead of answering, Peter flips the phone over, removes the data chip from the back, and burns the chip with his cigarette. In this moment, Peter literally and symbolically destroys his means of digital communication and deliberately disconnects from telecommunications networks; in Peter’s words, “I am no longer reachable.” In few American films about the internet in the 1990s or early 2000s does a main character decide to unplug, or completely disengage.2 Instead, the main characters in films like The Matrix and The Net almost always battle with evil forces over control of the internet, ultimately using the technology as a weapon with which to defeat their foe. In short, in American film, “winning” means mastery of the internet, not avoidance or rejection. Although American films far outsell German films in Germany, even domestic German‐language films like Halbe Miete, this alternative representation suggests that the internet was “thinkable” in different terms in Germany and that a certain anti‐internet sentiment made sense. As German cultural studies has shown, this skepticism toward technology stemmed in part from Germany’s legacy of anticapitalism, meaning that technology became equated with the capitalist domination critiqued by German thinkers.3 This comparative article is about the varying national imaginings of the internet in Europe and the United States, how they intersected with and were promoted by different policies regulating the technology. -
3.0 DIE ENTWICKLUNG VON BILDSCHIRMTEXT Die Idee
3.0 DIE ENTWICKLUNG VON BILDSCHIRMTEXT Die Idee, ein Bildschirmtextsystem zu erstellen, hat seinen Ursprung in der Möglichkeit, herkömmliche TV-Geräte als Datensichtgeräte zu verwenden. Fernseher sind in fast jedem Haushalt der westlichen Welt vorhanden und nutzen nur einen kleinen Teil ihrer Möglichkeiten aus. So müßte es doch durchführbar sein, Daten, die in einem Rechner gespeichert sind, auf den heimischen Bildschirm zu übei— tragen. Der Benutzer selbst soll dabei bestimmen können, welche Informationen er zu sehen wünscht. Bei seinen Forschungsarbeiten für die britische Post setzte Sam Fedita (Kragler, 1984) diese Idee zu Beginn der siebziger Jahre in die Tat um. Er machte den entscheidenden Schritt vom reinen Einweg-System des Fernsehempfängers ("broad- casting") hin zu einem interaktiven Informationssystem. Der erste Versuch in dieser Richtung war 1974 die Eröffnung der Videotext- (Fernsehtext-) Dienste CEEFAX und ORACLE durch die britischen Rundfunkanstalten BBC und IBA. Die Text- seiten wurden hierbei von einem Sender in Sequenzen ausgestrahlt und je nach Wahl des Betrachters einzeln auf dem Fernseher angezeigt (vgl. heutiges System VI- DEOTEXT) . Diese Lösungen waren weder vom Informationsumfang noch vom Bedie- nungskomfort her befriedigend. Sie erhielten ihre Heiterentwicklung in der Idee, das TV-Gerät mit dem Telefon zu einem dialogfähigen Kommunikationssystem auszu- bauen. Ähnlich einem normalen Terminal, welches an einen zentralen Computer angeschlossen ist, könnte so das TV -Gerät mit geringstem technischem Aufwand ein enormes Kommunikationspotential nutzen. 1975 stellte die britische Post das interaktive System VIEWDATA vor, welches später den Namen PRESTEL CPREss TELe- phon) erhielt (Gabel, Heidrich, Worlitzer, 1984). Durch diese Synthese war es möglich, schon vorhandene technische Einrichtungen, nämlich Fernsehen, Telefon und Computer, in ein neues Dialogsystem mit völlig anderen Leistungsmerkmalen umzuwandeln. -
History of Telematics in France and Its Impact on Hearing Impaired People
POSTER 2017, PRAGUE MAY 23 1 History of Telematics in France and its impact on hearing impaired people ZDENEK BUMBALEK 1 The Masaryk Institute of Advanced Studies, Czech Technical University in Prague, Kolejní 2637/2a, 160 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic [email protected] Abstract. Videotex represented by MINITEL terminals and lines. In connection with the expansion of the telephone service spread extensively especially in France. It was a network there is a search for new services and business predecessor of the today’s Internet. Originally it was models which would help to make the formation of the new supposed to serve as a substitute for the printed phone network profitable [1]. directory, but soon it developed into a sophisticated system The term “telematics” was first used for the idea of and in 1982 it already offered an analogue of email, information transfer via telephone network in 1978 in a timetables, ticket reservation, weather forecast and other governmental report dealing with computerization of services on home terminals which are provided by the public. The French word “télématique” is a connection of Internet today. It enabled the deaf to have a text-based two words “telecommunications” and “informatique”. conversation in real time via 3618 service called MINITEL Telematics was defines as a transfer of normalized data via Dialogue. With the support of France Telecom there was a network which the user can see on a terminal and interact relay service for deaf people launched in 1990 which with them. enabled its users to phone to the hearing majority through a hearing operator. -
Videotex Systems and Services
NTIA-Report-80-50 VI DEOTEX Systems and Services L.R. Bloom A.G. Hanson R. F. Li nfield D.R. Wortendyke u.s. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Philip M. Klutznick, Secretary Henry Geller, Assistant Secretary for Communications and Information October 1980 PREFACE This report describes a number of new non-speech telecommunication services soon to be offered to the American public. Videotex is the generic term for systems that transmit text and graphics to the business or home viewer by means of signals carried over a telephone line, cable, or any of the TV or radio broad cast channels. A television receiver equipped with the necessary decoding and memory circuit provides the home user with access to hundreds of "pages" of selected information for viewing by the customer for one-way non-interactive systems. In the broadcast modes of operation, the customer may select by "book and page ll from a large selection of subjects being broadcast at some specific time. Interactive Videotex systems allow the subscriber to interrogate a data center by telephone and to select, from hundreds of thousands of stored pages, that information of particular interest to the user. The report in its present form contains a brief discussion concerning individ ual types of services, but primary emphasis is upon the need for a highly critical evaluation of a whole group of technological building blocks which already exist. We already have all the pieces provided for user-oriented national or international computer-based communications and information networks. The terminals are as close to our office or home as are the ubiquitous telephones, and as viewable as the (almost) standard home television receivers. -
Inhouse Versus Public Videotex Systems
INHOUSE VERSUS PUBLIC VIDEOTEX SYSTEMS H.A. Maurer Institut fiir Informationsverarbeitung, Universitdt Graz, Austria I. Sebestyen International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria RR-83-30 December 1983 Reprinted from Computer Networks, volume 7 (1983) INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR APPLIED SYSTEMS ANALYSIS Laxenburg, Austria Research Reports, which record research conducted at BASA, are independently reviewed before publication. However, the views and opinions they express are not necessarily those of the Institute or the National Member Organizations that support it. Reprinted with permission from Computer Networks 7 :329-342. Copyright© 1983 Elsevier Science Publishers B.V. (North-Holland) All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the copyright holder. Printed by Novographic, Vienna, Austria iii FOREWORD The Information Technology Task of IIASA's former Management and Technology Area carried out a couple of videotex related studies in 1981 and 1982. This report was written within the above framework in 1982, at which time videotex development seemed to be moving in two extreme directions, into solely inhouse and solely public videotex systems. In this report the authors try to analyze the relation between the two types of systems and show that these systems are not and should not be independent of each other, and that they should complement each other rather than compete. The time since the writing of this report has proved that the outlined concept was correct; nowadays more and more systems are appearing on the market with the suggested capabilities. -
Consumer Information in the Electronic Media: Neutral Information, Advertising, Selling
DOCUMENT RESUME ED 278 367 IR 012 478 AUTHOR Sepstrup, Preben; Olander, Folke TITLE Consumer Information in the Electronic Media: Neutral Information, Advertising, Selling. WorkingPaper No. 4. INSTITUTION Aarhus School of Business Administration & Economics (Denmark). PUB DATE Aug 86 NOTE 61p.; For a related report, see ED 268 981. AVAILABLE FROMDepartment of Marketing, Aarhus School of Business Administration & Economics, Ryhavevej 8, DK-8210 Aarhus V, Denmark (free). PUB TYPE Information Analyses (070)-- Viewpoints (120) -- Reports - Descriptive (141) EDRS PRICE MF01/PC0-3 PIus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Advertising; Behavior Theories; *Consumer Education; Databases; Developed Nations; Foreign Countries; *Information Dissemination; *InformationTechnology; Interviews; Literature Reviews; Media Adaptation; *Policy; *Videotex IDENTIFIERS *Consumer Information; *Consumer Organizations; Nordic Countries; United Kingdom; UnitedStates; West Germany ABSTRACT This paper presents a self-containedsummary in English of the results of a research projectconducted for the Nordic Council of Ministers to define problems,advantages, and disadvantages of the electronic disseminationof information for consumers, and to determine whether consumer organizationsshould adapt their information activities andconsumer policies to suit developments in information technology. TheIntroduction and Chapter 1 provide background informationon the project, and Chapters 2 through 6 contain detailed documentation of electronicdata mediateletext, cabletext, and videotex--andother -
Home Computer on the Line : the West German BBS Scene and the Change of Telecommunications in the 1980S
This work is licensed under an Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License (CC BY-SA 4.0). Copyright remains with the authors. https://doi.org/10.25819/ubsi/8094 Home Computer on the Line - The West German BBS Scene and the Change of Telecommunications in the 1980s Matthias Röhr 1. Introduction On the evening of 16th June 1987, the system operators of fve German bulletin board systems (BBS) received unexpected visitors. Accompanied by the police, ofcials of the “Deutsche Bundespost” (Federal Post Ofce) searched the homes of the juvenile computer enthusiasts for evidence of violations of the “Fernmeldeanlagengesetz” (Telecommunications Device Act), in particular the connection of modems or acoustic couplers to the telephone line without ofcial postal approval. Te postal ofcials seized the devices and the home computers (Chaos Computer Club 1987). Te young people visited by the Bundespost had experimented with their home computers. Tey had connected them to the telephone net- work to enable other home computer owners to call them and exchange data and texts via the telephone line. Tus, the home computer was no longer just an isolated device, but a communication tool from which the callers could connect to each other. On such a bulletin board system, home computer users could exchange fles, have discussions and gain ac- cess to information otherwise difcult to get. For some politically-minded computer enthusiasts of the 1980s like the members of the Chaos Computer Club in Hamburg, BBS seemed the ideal medium for a “digital counterpublic”. BBS were a freely accessible and non-censorable medium, ideal for publishing politically relevant in- formation which otherwise would have remained unpublished.