Inhouse Versus Public Videotex Systems
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Technical Study Desktop Internationalization
Technical Study Desktop Internationalization NIC CH A E L T S T U D Y [This page intentionally left blank] X/Open Technical Study Desktop Internationalisation X/Open Company Ltd. December 1995, X/Open Company Limited All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owners. X/Open Technical Study Desktop Internationalisation X/Open Document Number: E501 Published by X/Open Company Ltd., U.K. Any comments relating to the material contained in this document may be submitted to X/Open at: X/Open Company Limited Apex Plaza Forbury Road Reading Berkshire, RG1 1AX United Kingdom or by Electronic Mail to: [email protected] ii X/Open Technical Study (1995) Contents Chapter 1 Internationalisation.............................................................................. 1 1.1 Introduction ................................................................................................. 1 1.2 Character Sets and Encodings.................................................................. 2 1.3 The C Programming Language................................................................ 5 1.4 Internationalisation Support in POSIX .................................................. 6 1.5 Internationalisation Support in the X/Open CAE............................... 7 1.5.1 XPG4 Facilities......................................................................................... -
Why We Should Consider the Plurality of Hacker and Maker Cultures 2017
Repositorium für die Medienwissenschaft Sebastian Kubitschko; Annika Richterich; Karin Wenz „There Simply Is No Unified Hacker Movement.“ Why We Should Consider the Plurality of Hacker and Maker Cultures 2017 https://doi.org/10.25969/mediarep/1115 Veröffentlichungsversion / published version Zeitschriftenartikel / journal article Empfohlene Zitierung / Suggested Citation: Kubitschko, Sebastian; Richterich, Annika; Wenz, Karin: „There Simply Is No Unified Hacker Movement.“ Why We Should Consider the Plurality of Hacker and Maker Cultures. In: Digital Culture & Society, Jg. 3 (2017), Nr. 1, S. 185– 195. DOI: https://doi.org/10.25969/mediarep/1115. Erstmalig hier erschienen / Initial publication here: https://doi.org/10.14361/dcs-2017-0112 Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Dieser Text wird unter einer Creative Commons - This document is made available under a creative commons - Namensnennung - Nicht kommerziell - Keine Bearbeitungen 4.0 Attribution - Non Commercial - No Derivatives 4.0 License. For Lizenz zur Verfügung gestellt. Nähere Auskünfte zu dieser Lizenz more information see: finden Sie hier: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 “There Simply Is No Unified Hacker Movement.” Why We Should Consider the Plurality of Hacker and Maker Cultures Sebastian Kubitschko in Conversation with Annika Richterich and Karin Wenz Sebastian Kubitschko is a postdoctoral researcher at the Centre for Media, Communication and Information Research (ZeMKI) at the University of Bremen in Germany. His main research fields are political communication, social movements and civil society organisations. In order to address the relevance of new forms of techno-political civic engagement, he has conducted qualitative, empirical research on one of the world’s oldest and largest hacker organisations, the Chaos Computer Club (CCC). -
Home Computer on the Line - the West German BBS Scene and the Change of Telecommunications in the 1980S
Home Computer on the Line - The West German BBS Scene and the Change of Telecommunications in the 1980s Matthias Röhr 1. Introduction On the evening of 16th June 1987, the system operators of five German bulletin board systems (BBS) received unexpected visitors. Accompanied by the police, officials of the “Deutsche Bundespost” (Federal Post Office) searched the homes of the juvenile computer enthusiasts for evidence of violations of the “Fernmeldeanlagengesetz” (Telecommunications Device Act), in particular the connection of modems or acoustic couplers to the telephone line without official postal approval. The postal officials seized the devices and the home computers (Chaos Computer Club 1987). The young people visited by the Bundespost had experimented with their home computers. They had connected them to the telephone net- work to enable other home computer owners to call them and exchange data and texts via the telephone line. Thus, the home computer was no longer just an isolated device, but a communication tool from which the callers could connect to each other. On such a bulletin board system, home computer users could exchange files, have discussions and gain ac- cess to information otherwise difficult to get. For some politically-minded computer enthusiasts of the 1980s like the members of the Chaos Computer Club in Hamburg, BBS seemed the ideal medium for a “digital counterpublic”. BBS were a freely accessible and non-censorable medium, ideal for publishing politically relevant in- formation which otherwise would have remained unpublished. BBS and Media in Action | Issue 1/2017 | http://mediainaction.uni-siegen.de 116 Thematic Focus : Fundaments of Digitisation electronic telecommunication therefore had a huge democratic potential for them. -
Videotex in Education: Current Developmentsin Screen Design
DOCUMENT .RESUME. ED 234 739 IR 010. 804 AUTHOR Kerr, Stephen-_T. TITLE Videotex in Education: Current Developmentsin Screen Design,. Data Structure, and Access Control. PUB DATE 15 Apr 83 37p.; Paper presented at the AnnualMeeting of the NOTE t American- Educational Research Association(Montrealc Canada; April 11-15, 1983). PUB TYPE Speeches/Conference Papers'(150) Information Analyses (070) -- Viewpoints (120) EDRS' PRICE MF01/PCO2 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS *Computer Graphics; Computer Science;*Design Requirements; Display Systems; Graphic Arts; Information Networks; *Information Retrieval; *Instructional Waterials;, Policy Formation;Privacy; *Videotex IDENTIFIERS *Access to Information; Electronic Publishing; Interactive Systems ABSTRACT This-four-section paper begins with a brief description of videotex and the pathsits development,has followed during its short lifespan. Thesecond_ section examines hoW videotex systems should present anddisplay information, and how such i'nformation should be internally organized sothat it is maximally useful for thefreader/user. Theanalysis, which draws heavily on work done during several videotex fieldtrials in the United States, Canada,' and other countries, incorpor4esinsights from.human factors studies of, video display terminals,research on typography and graphic display, and work on thedesign of interactive systems and computer help facilities. Thethird section addresses some, significant policy_issues that affectinstructional uses of videotex, including questions of equity, privacy, andsecrecy._ Finally, several possible future scenarios for the development ofvideotexas an instructional medium are discussed,, and the suggestionis made that. the convergence of videotex withother emerging technologies may result in novel arrangements for electronicpublishing and new qpportunities for. improvedinstructional design. Fifty-six references are listed. (LMM) *k***********************************v*************************w******, * Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the bestthat, can be made . -
Communications
50 Communications How Long the Wait until We Can Call It Television Jerry BORRELL: Congressional Research sharing service that provides more than Service, Library of Congress, Washington, 100 different (nonbibliographic) data bases D.C* to about 5,000 users. The Warner and American Express joint project, QUBE This brief article will review videotex (also Columbus-based), utilizes cable and teletext. There is little need to define broadcast with a limited interactive capa terminology because new hybrid systems bility. It does not allow for on-demand are being devised almost constantly (hats provision of information; rather, it uses a off to OCLC's latest buzzword-Viewtel). polling technique. Antiope, the French Ylost useful of all would be an examination teletext system, used at KSL in St. Louis of the types of technology being used for last year and undergoing further tests in information provision. The basic require Los Angeles at KNXT in the coming year, ment for all systems is a data base-i.e., is only part of a complex data transmission data stored so as to allow its retrieval and system known as DIDon. Antiope is also display on a television screen. The interac at an experimental stage in France, with tions between the computer and the tele 2,500 terminals scheduled for use in 1981. vision screens are means to distinguish CEEFAX and Oracle, broadcast teletext technologies. In teletext and videotex a by the BBC and IBC in Britain, have an device known as a decoder uses data en estimated 100,000 users currently. Two coded onto the lines of a broadcast signal thousand adapted television sets are being (whatever the medium of transmission) to sold every month. -
Proceedings of the 1981 Clinic on Library Applications of Data
RICHARD H. VEITH Manager Video Information Systems Logica, Inc. New York, New York Videotex The New Information Systems Introduction Videotex and teletext are terms that are becoming harder and harder to define, and it is usually necessary to begin by explaining what the terms originally meant. Videotex has been used to refer to computerized informa- tion/entertainment systems using telephone lines to tie home television sets to computers. Teletext has been used to refer to computerized informa- tion/entertainment systems that send data to home television sets by encoding the data into unused portions of a television signal. At the receiving end the television set both videotex and teletext can look identical. And both, from the beginning, employed color and graphics as distinguishing characteristics. However, both systems are still evolving technically and conceptually. Newer systems have been developed (for example, on cable television installations) which incorporate a little bit of both, as well as features of traditional timesharing computer systems. In many cases, the termf ideo- tex is used to refer to all of these systems that are designed to bring digital data to television sets or television monitors, usually using color and graphics. Background Since the 1960s, it has been recognized that the computer and telecom- munications industries were overlapping more and more. Computer power has become widely accessible via telecommunications, and telecom- munications techniques and methods have become computerized. Infor- mation services in the form of large online databases, both public and 74 VIDEOTEX 75 private, grew during the 1970s into worldwide systems offering access to millions, perhaps billions, of items of digitally stored data. -
The French Videotex System Minitel: a Successful Implementation of a National Information Technology Infrastructure Author(S): William L
The French Videotex System Minitel: A Successful Implementation of a National Information Technology Infrastructure Author(s): William L. Cats-Baril and Tawfik Jelassi Source: MIS Quarterly, Vol. 18, No. 1 (Mar., 1994), pp. 1-20 Published by: Management Information Systems Research Center, University of Minnesota Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/249607 Accessed: 04/01/2010 13:20 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use, available at http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp. JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use provides, in part, that unless you have obtained prior permission, you may not download an entire issue of a journal or multiple copies of articles, and you may use content in the JSTOR archive only for your personal, non-commercial use. Please contact the publisher regarding any further use of this work. Publisher contact information may be obtained at http://www.jstor.org/action/showPublisher?publisherCode=misrc. Each copy of any part of a JSTOR transmission must contain the same copyright notice that appears on the screen or printed page of such transmission. JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Management Information Systems Research Center, University of Minnesota is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to MIS Quarterly. -
FOR an INFORMATION STRATEGY by Rene Mayer, Chairman Amoud De Kemp, Roberto Liscia, John Martyn, Jo
IMPACTll MID-TERM EVALUATION: FOR AN INFORMATION STRATEGY by Rene Mayer, Chairman Amoud de Kemp, Roberto Liscia, John Martyn, Joio Campos Rodrigues, Experts, Mogens Rasmussen, Rapporteur Report drawn up at the request of the Commission of the European Communities DGXIIIIE • IMPACTll MID-TERM EVALUATION: FOR AN INFORMATION STRATEGY by Rene Mayer, Chairman Amoud de Kemp, Roberto Liscia, John Martyn, Joio Campos Rodrigues, Experts, Mogens Rasmussen, Rapporteur Report drawn up at the request of the Commission of the European Communities DGXIIIIE - 1 - CONTENTS Page 5 I- A MUCH REDUCED PROGRAMME 6 1. Four correctly chosen action lines 9 2. A reduced budget applied to a field which is inherently contracting 11 3. Knowing the market: statistics and strategic studies 14 4. The LAB achieves an effective reconciliation of originally widely-differing legal approaches 15 5. But who is dealing with the other barriers? 22 6. Steering demand, increasing awareness, training, facilitating access : the role of ECHO, the NAPs and the focal points, etc. 28 7. Ensuring convergence between the vertical actions and the principal objectives 32 8. Improving awareness amongst senior national leaders 34 ll- IN A FAST-MOVING WORLD 34 1. Proliferation of products 37 2. The customer: a planetary entity a - the fall in the price of equipment b - limitless capacity c - planetary scope 42 3. From television to the computer, equipment is merging 43 4. From games to STI, from text to images: continuity of content 46 5. Links between methods 47 6. The concept of "meta-work" 49 7. Hyper-concentration of producers • -2- 53 m- THE ESSENTIALS OF A EUROPEAN STRATEGY 53 1. -
ETS 300 382 TELECOMMUNICATION February 1995 STANDARD
EUROPEAN ETS 300 382 TELECOMMUNICATION February 1995 STANDARD Source: ETSI TC-TE Reference: DE/TE-01016 ICS: 33.020, 33.040.40 Key words: Videotex, Man Machine Interface, VEMMI Terminal Equipment (TE); Videotex Enhanced Man Machine Interface service (VEMMI) ETSI European Telecommunications Standards Institute ETSI Secretariat Postal address: F-06921 Sophia Antipolis CEDEX - FRANCE Office address: 650 Route des Lucioles - Sophia Antipolis - Valbonne - FRANCE X.400: c=fr, a=atlas, p=etsi, s=secretariat - Internet: [email protected] Tel.: +33 92 94 42 00 - Fax: +33 93 65 47 16 Copyright Notification: No part may be reproduced except as authorized by written permission. The copyright and the foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media. New presentation - see History box © European Telecommunications Standards Institute 1995. All rights reserved. Page 2 ETS 300 382: February 1995 Whilst every care has been taken in the preparation and publication of this document, errors in content, typographical or otherwise, may occur. If you have comments concerning its accuracy, please write to "ETSI Editing and Committee Support Dept." at the address shown on the title page. Page 3 ETS 300 382: February 1995 Contents Foreword .......................................................................................................................................................9 1 Scope ................................................................................................................................................11 2 Normative -
Information to Users
INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6” x 9” black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. UMI A Bell & Howell Information Company 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor MI 48106-1346 USA 313/761-4700 800/521-0600 PRIVACY-IMPLICATED SYSTEM DESIGN IN THE VIRTUAL MARKETPLACE DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of the Ohio State University By Huichuan Liu, B.A., M.A. -
Videotex/Teletext Presentation Level Protocol Syntax (North American PIPS) I
American Canadian National Adopted for Use by the Federal Government REFERENCE | NBS PUBLICATIONS r i(/. f 1 1 wS\3 No.121 1986 | North American PLPS i Government use. pederai d has been adopted l°'Fe " , Government are c0™e„,ation Level This standard within ,hc Federal ^^eUrie*■*.ca,ions available concerning 'ts . ds Publication . list the P . Processing Deta''S °n Processing Standards for a cornet the Standards Qf SSSCU-*- American <C !ri b Canadian National CL'UCX IJ A- Standards Standard Association .110-1983 T500-1983 NBS RESEARCH INFORMATION Videotex/Teletext CENTER Presentation Level Protocol Syntax North American PLPS Published in December, 1983 by American National Standards Institute, Inc. Canadian Standards Association 1430 Broadway 178 Rexdale Boulevard New York, NY 10018 Rexdale (Toronto), Ontario M9W 1R3 (Approved November 3, 1983) (Approved October 3, 1983) American National Standards and Canadian Standards Standards approved by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) and the Canadian Standards Association (CSA) imply a consensus of those substantially concerned with their scope and provisions. These standards are intended as guides to aid the manufacturer, the consumer, and the general public. The existence of a standard does not in any respect preclude any of the above groups, whether they have approved the standard or not, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using products, processes, or procedures not conforming to the standard. These standards are subject to periodic review and users are cautioned to obtain the latest editions. In this standard, the words ''shall/' "should,” and "may" represent requirements, recommendations, and options, respectively, as specified in ANSI and CSA policy and style guides. -
Videotex in Europe Conference Proce!Edings
ORGANISED BY THE COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES Videotex in Europe Conference ProcE!edings Edited by Carlo Vernimb and William Skyvington With a preface by Georges Anderla Learned Information Oxford and New York Videotex in Europe I ' ; v· : -;:· Proceedings of th~ • ~ideotex 1n Europe ~ Conference Luxembourg 19-20 July 1979 Organ1sed by the COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES Edited by Carlo Vernimb and William Skyvington ' ~ ~ ~ With a preface by Georges Anderla (Learned Information 1980 Oxford and New York ', \\ ·J Videotex in Europe © ECSC, EEC, EAEC, Brussels and Luxembourg, 1980 All rights reserved ISBN 0 904933 22 9 Published by Learned Information (Europe) Ltd. Learned Information Besselsleigh Road The Anderson House Abingdon Stokes Road Oxford OX1 3 6 EF Medford, N.J. 08055 England U.S.A. (~co:Y) - tYI · (. :;r.,{ IV Contents Page PREFACE Mr. G. Anderla, Director - Information Management (CEC Directorate General XIII) v1i EDITORS' NOTE 1x OPENING OF THE CONFERENCE Mr. R.K. Appleyard, D1rector General- Sc1ent1f1c and Techn1callnformat1on and Information Management (CEC Directorate General XIII) INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDIES Mr. C. Vern1mb, Co-ordmator - New Information Technologies (CEC Directorate General XIII) 3 TERMINOLOGY 5 LECTURE: "Videotex Development in the Community" Mr. M. Kohn, (Telesystemes, Pans) 7 TEXT: "Videotex/Euronet Compatibility" [summanzed extracts from the study report] (Telesystemes, Pans) 22 LECTURE: "Videotex Development outside the Community" Mr. R. Woolfe (Butler, Cox & Partners, London) 44 DISCUSSION - Session No. 1 51 LECTURE: "Videotex Market in the Community" Mr. H.D. Scholz (Pactel, Frankfurt) 63 TEXT: "Videotex Market and Display Study" [summaned extracts from the study report] (PA Management Consultants, Frankfurt) 75 LECTURE: "Market for Videotex Business Terminals" Mr.