Why We Should Consider the Plurality of Hacker and Maker Cultures 2017
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Home Computer on the Line - the West German BBS Scene and the Change of Telecommunications in the 1980S
Home Computer on the Line - The West German BBS Scene and the Change of Telecommunications in the 1980s Matthias Röhr 1. Introduction On the evening of 16th June 1987, the system operators of five German bulletin board systems (BBS) received unexpected visitors. Accompanied by the police, officials of the “Deutsche Bundespost” (Federal Post Office) searched the homes of the juvenile computer enthusiasts for evidence of violations of the “Fernmeldeanlagengesetz” (Telecommunications Device Act), in particular the connection of modems or acoustic couplers to the telephone line without official postal approval. The postal officials seized the devices and the home computers (Chaos Computer Club 1987). The young people visited by the Bundespost had experimented with their home computers. They had connected them to the telephone net- work to enable other home computer owners to call them and exchange data and texts via the telephone line. Thus, the home computer was no longer just an isolated device, but a communication tool from which the callers could connect to each other. On such a bulletin board system, home computer users could exchange files, have discussions and gain ac- cess to information otherwise difficult to get. For some politically-minded computer enthusiasts of the 1980s like the members of the Chaos Computer Club in Hamburg, BBS seemed the ideal medium for a “digital counterpublic”. BBS were a freely accessible and non-censorable medium, ideal for publishing politically relevant in- formation which otherwise would have remained unpublished. BBS and Media in Action | Issue 1/2017 | http://mediainaction.uni-siegen.de 116 Thematic Focus : Fundaments of Digitisation electronic telecommunication therefore had a huge democratic potential for them. -
Cybersecurity Forum Für Datensicherheit, Datenschutz Und Datenethik 23
3. JAHRESTAGUNG CYBERSECURITY FORUM FÜR DATENSICHERHEIT, DATENSCHUTZ UND DATENETHIK 23. APRIL 2020, FRANKFURT AM MAIN #cyberffm Premium-Partner: Veranstaltungspartner: 3. JAHRESTAGUNG CYBERSECURITY DEUTSCHLAND — DIGITAL — SICHER — BSI Die Schadsoftware »Emotet« hat uns in den letzten Wochen und Monaten erneut schmerzhaft vor Augen geführt, welche Auswirkungen es haben kann, wenn man die Vorteile der Digitalisierung genießt, ohne die dafür unabdingbar notwendige Infor- mationssicherheit zu gewährleisten. Stadtverwaltungen, Behörden, Krankenhäuser und Universitäten wurden lahmgelegt, Unternehmen mussten zeitweise den Betrieb einstellen. Die Folgen sind für jeden von uns spürbar: Arbeitsplätze sind in Gefahr, Waren und Dienstleistungen können nicht mehr angeboten und verkauft werden, Krankenhäuser müssen die Patientenannahme ablehnen. Stadtverwaltungen sind nicht mehr arbeitsfähig und schließen ihre Bürgerbüros. Bürgerinnen und Bürger konnten keine Ausweise und Führerscheine beantragen, keine Autos anmelden und keine Sperrmüllabfuhr bestellen. Sogar Hochzeiten mussten verschoben werden. Und wie würde die Lage wohl erst aussehen, wenn wir tatsächlich in einer voll digitalisierten Welt lebten? Das BSI beschäftigt sich damit, in welchen Anwendungsfeldern der Digitalisierung Risiken entstehen könnten und wie wir diese Risiken kalkulierbar und beherrschbar machen können. Unsere Stärke ist es, Themen der Informationssicherheit gebündelt fachlich zu analysieren und aus der gemeinsamen Analyse heraus konkrete Angebote für unterschiedliche Zielgruppen -
Ethical Hacking
Ethical Hacking Alana Maurushat University of Ottawa Press ETHICAL HACKING ETHICAL HACKING Alana Maurushat University of Ottawa Press 2019 The University of Ottawa Press (UOP) is proud to be the oldest of the francophone university presses in Canada and the only bilingual university publisher in North America. Since 1936, UOP has been “enriching intellectual and cultural discourse” by producing peer-reviewed and award-winning books in the humanities and social sciences, in French or in English. Library and Archives Canada Cataloguing in Publication Title: Ethical hacking / Alana Maurushat. Names: Maurushat, Alana, author. Description: Includes bibliographical references. Identifiers: Canadiana (print) 20190087447 | Canadiana (ebook) 2019008748X | ISBN 9780776627915 (softcover) | ISBN 9780776627922 (PDF) | ISBN 9780776627939 (EPUB) | ISBN 9780776627946 (Kindle) Subjects: LCSH: Hacking—Moral and ethical aspects—Case studies. | LCGFT: Case studies. Classification: LCC HV6773 .M38 2019 | DDC 364.16/8—dc23 Legal Deposit: First Quarter 2019 Library and Archives Canada © Alana Maurushat, 2019, under Creative Commons License Attribution— NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ Printed and bound in Canada by Gauvin Press Copy editing Robbie McCaw Proofreading Robert Ferguson Typesetting CS Cover design Édiscript enr. and Elizabeth Schwaiger Cover image Fragmented Memory by Phillip David Stearns, n.d., Personal Data, Software, Jacquard Woven Cotton. Image © Phillip David Stearns, reproduced with kind permission from the artist. The University of Ottawa Press gratefully acknowledges the support extended to its publishing list by Canadian Heritage through the Canada Book Fund, by the Canada Council for the Arts, by the Ontario Arts Council, by the Federation for the Humanities and Social Sciences through the Awards to Scholarly Publications Program, and by the University of Ottawa. -
Hacktivism Cyberspace Has Become the New Medium for Political Voices
White Paper Hacktivism Cyberspace has become the new medium for political voices By François Paget, McAfee Labs™ Table of Contents The Anonymous Movement 4 Origins 4 Defining the movement 6 WikiLeaks meets Anonymous 7 Fifteen Months of Activity 10 Arab Spring 10 HBGary 11 The Sony ordeal 11 Lulz security and denouncements 12 Groups surrounding LulzSec 13 Green rights 14 Other operations 15 AntiSec, doxing, and copwatching 16 Police responses 17 Anonymous in the streets 18 Manipulation and pluralism 20 Operation Megaupload 21 Communications 21 Social networks and websites 21 IRC 22 Anonymity 23 DDoS Tools 24 Cyberdissidents 25 Telecomix 26 Other achievements 27 Patriots and Cyberwarriors 28 Backlash against Anonymous 29 TeaMp0isoN 30 Other achievements 30 Conclusion 32 2 Hacktivism What is hacktivism? It combines politics, the Internet, and other elements. Let’s start with the political. Activism, a political movement emphasising direct action, is the inspiration for hacktivism. Think of Greenpeace activists who go to sea to disrupt whaling campaigns. Think of the many demonstrators who protested against human rights violations in China by trying to put out the Olympic flame during its world tour in 2008. Think of the thousands of activists who responded to the Adbusters call in July 2011 to peacefully occupy a New York City park as part of Occupy Wall Street. Adding the online activity of hacking (with both good and bad connotations) to political activism gives us hacktivism. One source claims this term was first used in an article on the filmmaker Shu Lea Cheang; the article was written by Jason Sack and published in InfoNation in 1995. -
Superseding Indictment
_.1{:~~")li~~lti:f~{ FilED ~'Y.:{fs;v, ~,;;rin>---- f-:V' . .. mOPEN COURT .. .1 ''· ··\wi IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT F ~~ ffHE f 'f.i 2 EASTERN DISTRICT OF VIRGINIA I?_! ~ 'iJII~ J .·· CLEHI\ U.S. DISTRICT COURT Alexandria Division illgi\NDRIA, VIRGIN!~--~~-' UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Criminal No. 1:18-cr-111 (CMH) v. Count 1: 18 U.S.C. § 793(g) Conspiracy To Obtain and Disclose National JULIAN PAUL ASSANGE, Defense Information Defendant. Count 2: 18 U.S.C. § 371 Conspiracy to Commit Computer Intrusions Counts 3, 4: 18: 18 U.S.C §§ 793(b) and2 Obtaining National Defense Infmmation Counts 5-8: 18 U.S.C. §§ 793(c) and 2 Obtaining National Defense Information Counts 9-11: 18 U.S.C. §§ 793(d) and2 Disclosure ofNational Defense Infmmation Counts 12-14: 18 U.S.C. §§ 793(e) and 2 Disclosure ofNational Defense Information Counts 15-17: 18 U.S.C. § 793(e) Disclosure ofNational Defense Information SECOND SUPERSEDING INDICTMENT June 2020 Term- at Alexandria, Virginia . THE GRAND JURY CHARGES THAT: GENERAL ALLEGATIONS A. ASSANGE and WikiLeaks 1. From at least 2007,1 JULIAN PAUL ASSANGE ("ASSANGE"} was the public 1 When the Grand Jury alleges in this Superseding Indictment that an event occurred on a particular date, the Grand Jury means to convey that the event occmTed "on or about" that date. face of"WikiLeaks," a website he founded with others as an "intelligence agency ofthe people." To obtain information to release on the WikiLeaks website, ASSANGE recruited sources and predicated the success of WikiLeaks in pmi upon the recruitment of sources to (i) illegally circumvent legal safeguards on infonnation, including classification restrictions and computer and network access restrictions; (ii) provide that illegally obtained information to WikiLeaks for public dissemination; and (iii) continue the pattern of illegally procuring and providing classified and hacked information to WikiLeaks for distribution to the public. -
Proceedings of the 1981 Clinic on Library Applications of Data
RICHARD H. VEITH Manager Video Information Systems Logica, Inc. New York, New York Videotex The New Information Systems Introduction Videotex and teletext are terms that are becoming harder and harder to define, and it is usually necessary to begin by explaining what the terms originally meant. Videotex has been used to refer to computerized informa- tion/entertainment systems using telephone lines to tie home television sets to computers. Teletext has been used to refer to computerized informa- tion/entertainment systems that send data to home television sets by encoding the data into unused portions of a television signal. At the receiving end the television set both videotex and teletext can look identical. And both, from the beginning, employed color and graphics as distinguishing characteristics. However, both systems are still evolving technically and conceptually. Newer systems have been developed (for example, on cable television installations) which incorporate a little bit of both, as well as features of traditional timesharing computer systems. In many cases, the termf ideo- tex is used to refer to all of these systems that are designed to bring digital data to television sets or television monitors, usually using color and graphics. Background Since the 1960s, it has been recognized that the computer and telecom- munications industries were overlapping more and more. Computer power has become widely accessible via telecommunications, and telecom- munications techniques and methods have become computerized. Infor- mation services in the form of large online databases, both public and 74 VIDEOTEX 75 private, grew during the 1970s into worldwide systems offering access to millions, perhaps billions, of items of digitally stored data. -
Information to Users
INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6” x 9” black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. UMI A Bell & Howell Information Company 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor MI 48106-1346 USA 313/761-4700 800/521-0600 PRIVACY-IMPLICATED SYSTEM DESIGN IN THE VIRTUAL MARKETPLACE DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of the Ohio State University By Huichuan Liu, B.A., M.A. -
Videotex in Europe Conference Proce!Edings
ORGANISED BY THE COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES Videotex in Europe Conference ProcE!edings Edited by Carlo Vernimb and William Skyvington With a preface by Georges Anderla Learned Information Oxford and New York Videotex in Europe I ' ; v· : -;:· Proceedings of th~ • ~ideotex 1n Europe ~ Conference Luxembourg 19-20 July 1979 Organ1sed by the COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES Edited by Carlo Vernimb and William Skyvington ' ~ ~ ~ With a preface by Georges Anderla (Learned Information 1980 Oxford and New York ', \\ ·J Videotex in Europe © ECSC, EEC, EAEC, Brussels and Luxembourg, 1980 All rights reserved ISBN 0 904933 22 9 Published by Learned Information (Europe) Ltd. Learned Information Besselsleigh Road The Anderson House Abingdon Stokes Road Oxford OX1 3 6 EF Medford, N.J. 08055 England U.S.A. (~co:Y) - tYI · (. :;r.,{ IV Contents Page PREFACE Mr. G. Anderla, Director - Information Management (CEC Directorate General XIII) v1i EDITORS' NOTE 1x OPENING OF THE CONFERENCE Mr. R.K. Appleyard, D1rector General- Sc1ent1f1c and Techn1callnformat1on and Information Management (CEC Directorate General XIII) INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDIES Mr. C. Vern1mb, Co-ordmator - New Information Technologies (CEC Directorate General XIII) 3 TERMINOLOGY 5 LECTURE: "Videotex Development in the Community" Mr. M. Kohn, (Telesystemes, Pans) 7 TEXT: "Videotex/Euronet Compatibility" [summanzed extracts from the study report] (Telesystemes, Pans) 22 LECTURE: "Videotex Development outside the Community" Mr. R. Woolfe (Butler, Cox & Partners, London) 44 DISCUSSION - Session No. 1 51 LECTURE: "Videotex Market in the Community" Mr. H.D. Scholz (Pactel, Frankfurt) 63 TEXT: "Videotex Market and Display Study" [summaned extracts from the study report] (PA Management Consultants, Frankfurt) 75 LECTURE: "Market for Videotex Business Terminals" Mr. -
Afterword: Omissions,Additions, and Corrections
Afterword: Omissions,Additions, and Corrections The astute reader will notice that I’ve omitted a few online services. Some were so short-lived or of so little consequence that they would be meaningless to most readers. Others are beyond the theme or time frame of this book. Some of the omissions: ABI/INFORM (Abstracted Business Information), a database of abstracted information from selected business publications, hosted by ORBIT, Dialog, and eventually UMI/ProQuest Data Courier, a small online service hosted by the Louisville Courier- Journal (the owners of which bought ABI/INFORM under the company name “Data Courier”) EasyLink, Western Union’s now-defunct email/FAX/mail system Easynet, a front end for more than 700 database services EasyPlex, a specialized CompuServe email service E-COM, the United States Postal Service’s electronic messaging service (EMS) Freenet, free BBSs in cities such as Cleveland and Rochester that used the same software and were designed to serve as community centers Info-Look, a gateway to online services hosted by Nynex Internet Relay Chat (IRC), the first implementation of real-time chatting via the Internet (Jarkko Oikarinen, 1988) Knowledge Index (KI), a subset of Dialog databases The Microsoft Network (MSN), more an ISP than online service that started after Bill Gates decided that the Internet was going to be important, after all 177 178 Afterword MIX, the McGraw-Hill Information Exchange, a CoSy-based service for educators NABU Network, a Canadian online service that operated -
Cyber-Attacks As an Instrument of Terrorism? – Motives – Skills – Likelihood – Prevention
Cyber-Attacks as an Instrument of Terrorism? – Motives – Skills – Likelihood – Prevention DRAFT VERSION Hendrik Hoffmann / Kai Masser German University of Administrative Sciences Speyer / German Research Institute for Public Administration Speyer 05/08/2018 Paper to be presented at the 2018 IIAS (International Institute of Administrative Sciences) Congress, 25-29 June, Tunis, Tunisia: Strive, Adapt, Maintain: Resilience of Governance Systems Abstract “Cyber-Attacks” are mostly “Cyber-Crime”. Most attacks are “financially driven”. However, the most notorious ”cyber-attacks” like Stuxnet, WannaCry and Petya/NonPetya are linked to state or state- partisan activities. Seemingly, there is a growing market for “Cyber-Defense”. However, the cyber- attack arena is very much reminiscent to piracy of the 16th and 17th century with the ingredients money, power and a legal void. In the second part of the paper, we investigate technical aspects of the attacks introduced in the first part. First, we look at attack vectors with a critical examination of how to minimize the attack surface. We then suggest defensive approaches which lead to best practices. We conclude with a consideration of the cyber inherent issue of unattributeability in conjunction with false flag operations. Table of Contents Abstract ................................................................................................................................................... 1 A Introduction: The Pirates of the Cyberspace ...................................................................................... -
Self-Colonizing Eeurope
Self‐Colonizing eEurope: The Information Society Merges onto the Information Superhighway STEPHANIE R. SCHULTE The 2002 German film Halbe Miete (Half the Rent) follows a computer hacker in his thirties named Peter as he “unplugs,” that is, as he makes the conscious decision to live his life off‐line.1 The gaunt hacker emerges from his darkened computer room to discover that his girlfriend has died in their apartment under ambiguous circumstances. Distraught, he puffs a cigarette in a daze until his cellular telephone rings and frightens him; instead of answering, Peter flips the phone over, removes the data chip from the back, and burns the chip with his cigarette. In this moment, Peter literally and symbolically destroys his means of digital communication and deliberately disconnects from telecommunications networks; in Peter’s words, “I am no longer reachable.” In few American films about the internet in the 1990s or early 2000s does a main character decide to unplug, or completely disengage.2 Instead, the main characters in films like The Matrix and The Net almost always battle with evil forces over control of the internet, ultimately using the technology as a weapon with which to defeat their foe. In short, in American film, “winning” means mastery of the internet, not avoidance or rejection. Although American films far outsell German films in Germany, even domestic German‐language films like Halbe Miete, this alternative representation suggests that the internet was “thinkable” in different terms in Germany and that a certain anti‐internet sentiment made sense. As German cultural studies has shown, this skepticism toward technology stemmed in part from Germany’s legacy of anticapitalism, meaning that technology became equated with the capitalist domination critiqued by German thinkers.3 This comparative article is about the varying national imaginings of the internet in Europe and the United States, how they intersected with and were promoted by different policies regulating the technology. -
A History of Cyber Security Attacks 1980 to Present a History of Cyber Security Attacks 1980 to Present
A History of Cyber Security Attacks 1980 to Present http://taylorandfrancis.com A History of Cyber Security Attacks 1980 to Present Bruce Middleton CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300 Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742 © 2017 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business No claim to original U.S. Government works Printed on acid-free paper International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-4987-8586-0 (Hardback) This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or the consequences of their use. The authors and publishers have attempted to trace the copyright holders of all material reproduced in this publication and apologize to copyright holders if permission to publish in this form has not been obtained. If any copyright material has not been acknowledged please write and let us know so we may rectify in any future reprint. Except as permitted under U.S. Copyright Law, no part of this book may be reprinted, reproduced, trans- mitted, or utilized in any form by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying, microfilming, and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without written permission from the publishers. For permission to photocopy or use material electronically from this work, please access www.copyright .com (http://www.copyright.com/) or contact the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc.