A History of Cyber Security Attacks 1980 to Present a History of Cyber Security Attacks 1980 to Present
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Attribution and Response to Cybercrime/Terrorism/Warfare Susan W
Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology Volume 97 Article 2 Issue 2 Winter Winter 2007 At Light Speed: Attribution and Response to Cybercrime/Terrorism/Warfare Susan W. Brenner Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarlycommons.law.northwestern.edu/jclc Part of the Criminal Law Commons, Criminology Commons, and the Criminology and Criminal Justice Commons Recommended Citation Susan W. Brenner, At Light Speed: Attribution and Response to Cybercrime/Terrorism/Warfare, 97 J. Crim. L. & Criminology 379 (2006-2007) This Symposium is brought to you for free and open access by Northwestern University School of Law Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology by an authorized editor of Northwestern University School of Law Scholarly Commons. 0091-4169/07/9702-0379 THE JOURNALOF CRIMINAL LAW & CRIMINOLOGY Vol. 97. No. 2 Copyright 0 2007 by NorthwesternUniversity. Schoolof Low Printedin U.S.A. "AT LIGHT SPEED": ATTRIBUTION AND RESPONSE TO CYBERCRIME/TERRORISM/WARFARE SUSAN W. BRENNER* This Article explains why and how computer technology complicates the related processes of identifying internal (crime and terrorism) and external (war) threats to social order of respondingto those threats. First, it divides the process-attribution-intotwo categories: what-attribution (what kind of attack is this?) and who-attribution (who is responsiblefor this attack?). Then, it analyzes, in detail, how and why our adversaries' use of computer technology blurs the distinctions between what is now cybercrime, cyberterrorism, and cyberwarfare. The Article goes on to analyze how and why computer technology and the blurring of these distinctions erode our ability to mount an effective response to threats of either type. -
Ethical Hacking
International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 8, Issue 4, April-2017 ISSN 2229-5518 92 Ethical Hacking N.Vinodh Kumar, J.Arun Kumar ABSTRACT Ethical hacking and ethical hacker are terms used to describe hacking performed by a company or individual to help identify potential threats on a computer or network. An ethical hacker attempts to bypass system security and search for any weak points that could be exploited by malicious hackers. This information is then used by the organization to improve the system security, in an effort to minimize or eliminate any potential attacks. Types of hacking; Website Hacking, Network Hacking, Email Hacking, Ethical Hacking Password Hacking, Computer Hacking. Hackers type; White hat hackers, Black hat hackers, Grey hat hackers, miscellaneous hackers, Red hat hacker. Keywords- Ethical hacking, Website hacking, Network hacking —————————— —————————— Security Strategy for Predictive Systems' Global Integrity consulting practice, ethical hacking has continued to grow ETHICAL HACKING in an otherwise lackluster IT industry, and is becoming increasingly common outside the government and Ethical hacking is one of the certified any hacking to the technology sectors where it began. Many large companies, computer to important files to hacking. Hacking refers to an such as IBM, maintain employee teams of ethical hackers. array of activities which are done to intrude some one else’s personal information space so as to use it for malicious, FAMOUS HACKERS IN HISTORY unwanted purposes.Hacking is a term used to refer to activities aimed at exploiting security flaws to obtain IAN MURPHY critical information for gaining access to secured networks. KEVIN MITNICK JOHAN HELSINGUIS WEBSITE HACKING LINUS TORVALDS MARK ABENE Hacking a website means taking control from the website ROBERT MORRIES owner to a person who hackers the website. -
Jeffrey Heim, Marcel Hernandez, Maria Nunez,& Matthias Katerna Morris Worm on November 2, 1988, Robert Tappan Morris Releas
Jeffrey Heim, Marcel Hernandez, Maria Nunez,& Matthias Katerna Morris Worm On November 2, 1988, Robert Tappan Morris released a worm into the internet. The experimental worm was the first of its kind. It replicated itself and programmed itself, so it ended up spreading much faster than Morris expected. It self-programmed and self-replicated at an exponential rate in a manner that had never been seen before. Morris knew this worm was not necessarily ethical, for he released it out of MIT instead of his own Cornell University. In due course, many computers across the United States had crashed because of Morris. Once he discovered how much damage the worm had been causing, he reached out to a friend at Harvard looking for a solution to stop it. They attempted in sending an anonymous message to the network with directions that could kill the worm, but the message came through too late since they system was clogged. Many significant computers at colleges, businesses and the military became infected. The cost to fix each computer ranged from $200 to over $53,000. The worm exploited vulnerabilities in computer systems and in the UNIX email software. Within 24 hours of releasing the worm, thousands of people were aware something was unusual. Eventually, it would infect ten percent of all computers using the internet. The Morris Worm was the largest malware case ever to reach this percentage. However, the percentage was so high due to the fact that the number of computers was much less than today. The computers it impacted included significant systems, such as Stanford’s, Berkley’s and NASA’s. -
Asia-Europe Meeting
Asia-Europe Meeting Topic A: Identifying, Sharing and Remediating Faults in Cybersecurity Topic B: Tackling Local, Regional and Global Hunger MUNUC 32 TABLE OF CONTENTS ______________________________________________________ Letter from the Chair………………………………………………………….. 3 Topic A ………………………………………………………………………..… 4 Statement of the Problem…………………………………………….. 4 History of the Problem……………………………………….…..…….. 9 Past Actions…………………………………………………………….. 14 Possible Solutions………………………………………………………. 18 Bloc Positions…………………………………………………………… 20 Glossary…………………………………………………………………. 22 Topic B ………………………………………………………………...………. 23 Statement of the Problem…………………………………………….23 History of the Problem………………………………………………… 28 Past Actions…………………………………………………………….. 31 Possible Solutions………………………………………………………. 33 Bloc Positions…………………………………………………………… 35 Glossary…………………………………………………………………. 37 Bibliography……………………………………….…………………………. 38 2 Asia-Europe Meeting | MUNUC 32 LETTER FROM THE CHAIR ______________________________________________________ Dear Delegates, Welcome to the Asia-Europe Meeting Forum, or ASEM, at MUNUC 32! My name is Randolph Ramirez, and I usually go by Randy. I am a third year here at The University of Chicago studying Statistics and Political Science. I was born and raised in Wilton, Connecticut, and coming out to attend UChicago was my first trip out to Illinois! All throughout high school I was heavily involved in Model Congress, and partaking in MUNUC my first year here helped transition me into the world of Model UN! I am certain that this conference and committee will be a success, and I cannot wait to experience it with you all! The Asia-Europe Meeting Forum will offer a multitude of experiences, problems, solutions, and overall will hopefully give a descriptive look into the affairs of the two regions. Throughout this experience, I hope delegates learn the various factors that make solving the issues of cybersecurity and huger instability a difficult endeavor, and how best to go about solving them. -
Why We Should Consider the Plurality of Hacker and Maker Cultures 2017
Repositorium für die Medienwissenschaft Sebastian Kubitschko; Annika Richterich; Karin Wenz „There Simply Is No Unified Hacker Movement.“ Why We Should Consider the Plurality of Hacker and Maker Cultures 2017 https://doi.org/10.25969/mediarep/1115 Veröffentlichungsversion / published version Zeitschriftenartikel / journal article Empfohlene Zitierung / Suggested Citation: Kubitschko, Sebastian; Richterich, Annika; Wenz, Karin: „There Simply Is No Unified Hacker Movement.“ Why We Should Consider the Plurality of Hacker and Maker Cultures. In: Digital Culture & Society, Jg. 3 (2017), Nr. 1, S. 185– 195. DOI: https://doi.org/10.25969/mediarep/1115. Erstmalig hier erschienen / Initial publication here: https://doi.org/10.14361/dcs-2017-0112 Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Dieser Text wird unter einer Creative Commons - This document is made available under a creative commons - Namensnennung - Nicht kommerziell - Keine Bearbeitungen 4.0 Attribution - Non Commercial - No Derivatives 4.0 License. For Lizenz zur Verfügung gestellt. Nähere Auskünfte zu dieser Lizenz more information see: finden Sie hier: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 “There Simply Is No Unified Hacker Movement.” Why We Should Consider the Plurality of Hacker and Maker Cultures Sebastian Kubitschko in Conversation with Annika Richterich and Karin Wenz Sebastian Kubitschko is a postdoctoral researcher at the Centre for Media, Communication and Information Research (ZeMKI) at the University of Bremen in Germany. His main research fields are political communication, social movements and civil society organisations. In order to address the relevance of new forms of techno-political civic engagement, he has conducted qualitative, empirical research on one of the world’s oldest and largest hacker organisations, the Chaos Computer Club (CCC). -
Hacks, Cracks, and Crime: an Examination of the Subculture and Social Organization of Computer Hackers Thomas Jeffrey Holt University of Missouri-St
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by University of Missouri, St. Louis University of Missouri, St. Louis IRL @ UMSL Dissertations UMSL Graduate Works 11-22-2005 Hacks, Cracks, and Crime: An Examination of the Subculture and Social Organization of Computer Hackers Thomas Jeffrey Holt University of Missouri-St. Louis, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://irl.umsl.edu/dissertation Part of the Criminology and Criminal Justice Commons Recommended Citation Holt, Thomas Jeffrey, "Hacks, Cracks, and Crime: An Examination of the Subculture and Social Organization of Computer Hackers" (2005). Dissertations. 616. https://irl.umsl.edu/dissertation/616 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the UMSL Graduate Works at IRL @ UMSL. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations by an authorized administrator of IRL @ UMSL. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Hacks, Cracks, and Crime: An Examination of the Subculture and Social Organization of Computer Hackers by THOMAS J. HOLT M.A., Criminology and Criminal Justice, University of Missouri- St. Louis, 2003 B.A., Criminology and Criminal Justice, University of Missouri- St. Louis, 2000 A DISSERTATION Submitted to the Graduate School of the UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI- ST. LOUIS In partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in Criminology and Criminal Justice August, 2005 Advisory Committee Jody Miller, Ph. D. Chairperson Scott H. Decker, Ph. D. G. David Curry, Ph. D. Vicki Sauter, Ph. D. Copyright 2005 by Thomas Jeffrey Holt All Rights Reserved Holt, Thomas, 2005, UMSL, p. -
Ethical Hacking
International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 5, Issue 6, June 2015 1 ISSN 2250-3153 Ethical Hacking Susidharthaka Satapathy , Dr.Rasmi Ranjan Patra CSA, CPGS, OUAT, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India Abstract- In today's world where the information damaged the target system nor steal the information, they communication technique has brought the world together there is evaluate target system security and report back to the owner one of the increase growing areas is security of network ,which about the threats found. certainly generate discussion of ETHICAL HACKING . The main reason behind the discussion of ethical hacking is insecurity of the network i.e. hacking. The need of ethical hacking is to IV. FATHER OF HACKING protect the system from the damage caused by the hackers. The In 1971, John Draper , aka captain crunch, was one of the main reason behind the study of ethical hacking is to evaluate best known early phone hacker & one of the few who can be target system security & report back to owner. This paper helps called one of the father's of hacking. to generate a brief idea of ethical hacking & all its aspects. Index Terms- Hacker, security, firewall, automated, hacked, V. IS HACKING NECESSARY crackers Hacking is not what we think , It is an art of exploring the threats in a system . Today it sounds something with negative I. INTRODUCTION shade , but it is not exactly that many professionals hack system so as to learn the deficiencies in them and to overcome from it he increasingly growth of internet has given an entrance and try to improve the system security. -
Research Paper
Section 3 – Information Systems Security & Web Technologies and Security Social Engineering: A growing threat, with diverging directions J.V.Chelleth1, S.M.Furnell1, M.Papadaki2, G.Pinkney2 and P.S.Dowland1 1 Network Research Group, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom 2 Symantec, Hines Meadow, St Cloud Way, Maidenhead, Berkshire, United Kingdom e-mail: [email protected] Abstract The age old problem of social engineering is still a threat that does not receive due attention. Due to the advancements in information technology and the explosion of the Internet, attackers have many more avenues to pursue social engineering attacks. Inadequate efforts to educate employees and staff about social engineering and password management, inappropriate usage of messaging systems, poor implementation and awareness of security policies, all lead to people being exposed to potential incidents. This paper talks about social engineering and the new avenues that it has diverged into; and how social engineering plays a part in assisting other attack schemes. The paper first introduces the concept of social engineering. It then looks at different attack methods that have proliferated due to the help obtained by social engineering schemes. The paper establishes that, in addition to being a technique in its own right, social engineering can also be used to assist other types of attack, including viruses and worms, phishing, and identity theft. Keywords Social Engineering, Viruses, Worms, Identity theft, Phishing 1. Introduction Typically when security is spoken of in terms of information security, it is all about having secure systems and networks; anti-virus, firewalls, Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS), etc. -
Paradise Lost , Book III, Line 18
_Paradise Lost_, book III, line 18 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% ++++++++++Hacker's Encyclopedia++++++++ ===========by Logik Bomb (FOA)======== <http://www.xmission.com/~ryder/hack.html> ---------------(1997- Revised Second Edition)-------- ##################V2.5################## %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% "[W]atch where you go once you have entered here, and to whom you turn! Do not be misled by that wide and easy passage!" And my Guide [said] to him: "That is not your concern; it is his fate to enter every door. This has been willed where what is willed must be, and is not yours to question. Say no more." -Dante Alighieri _The Inferno_, 1321 Translated by John Ciardi Acknowledgments ---------------------------- Dedicated to all those who disseminate information, forbidden or otherwise. Also, I should note that a few of these entries are taken from "A Complete List of Hacker Slang and Other Things," Version 1C, by Casual, Bloodwing and Crusader; this doc started out as an unofficial update. However, I've updated, altered, expanded, re-written and otherwise torn apart the original document, so I'd be surprised if you could find any vestiges of the original file left. I think the list is very informative; it came out in 1990, though, which makes it somewhat outdated. I also got a lot of information from the works listed in my bibliography, (it's at the end, after all the quotes) as well as many miscellaneous back issues of such e-zines as _Cheap Truth _, _40Hex_, the _LOD/H Technical Journals_ and _Phrack Magazine_; and print magazines such as _Internet Underground_, _Macworld_, _Mondo 2000_, _Newsweek_, _2600: The Hacker Quarterly_, _U.S. News & World Report_, _Time_, and _Wired_; in addition to various people I've consulted. -
Hacker Perspectives
Hacker Perspectives Advanced Computer Networks SS 2007 Franz Sommerauer ACN SS 07 - Hacker Perspectives Overview Definition of a Hacker History of Hacking How to get into Scene Information Gathering Ethical Hacking Most famous Hackers ACN SS 07 - Hacker Perspectives Definition (see Hacker Jargon file) 1. A person who enjoys learning the details of programming systems and how to stretch their capabilities, as opposed to most users who prefer to learn only the minimum necessary. 2. One who programs enthusiastically, or who enjoys programming rather than just theorizing about programming. ACN SS 07 - Hacker Perspectives Types of hackers White hat – A person who is ethically opposed to the abuse of computer systems (ethical hacker) – Generally focuses on securing IT systems Grey hat – A skilled hacker who sometimes acts legally, sometimes in good will, and sometimes not – Hybrid between white and black hat hackers Black hat – Someone who compromises the security of a system without permission from an authorized party – Cracker ACN SS 07 - Hacker Perspectives History of hacking 1972 – John Draper discovers that a 2.6 kHz tone allows to access the internal trunking mechanism of Ma Bell 2.6 kHz tone created by a whistle With a Blue box it was possible to take internal control of Ma Bell's long distance switching equipment 1973 – College students Steve Wozniak and Steve Jobs begin making and selling blue boxes ACN SS 07 - Hacker Perspectives History of hacking 1981 – Chaos computer Club forms in Germany 1982 – Hacker group of six teenage hackers (414’s) broke into 60 computer systems and instiutitions (including Los Alamos Labs) 1988 – Kevin Mitnick secretly monitors the e-Mail of security officials (sentenced for one year to jail) ACN SS 07 - Hacker Perspectives History of hacking 1988 – Robert T. -
Internet Infrastructure Review Vol.27
Internet Infrastructure Vol.27 Review May 2015 Infrastructure Security Increasingly Malicious PUAs Messaging Technology Anti-Spam Measure Technology and DMARC Trends Web Traffic Report Report on Access Log Analysis Results for Streaming Delivery of the 2014 Summer Koshien Inte r ne t In f r ast r uc t ure Review Vol.27 May 2015 Executive Summary ———————————————————3 1. Infrastructure Security ———————————————4 Table of Contents Table 1.1 Introduction —————————————————————— 4 1.2 Incident Summary ——————————————————— 4 1.3 Incident Survey ——————————————————— 11 1.3.1 DDoS Attacks —————————————————————— 11 1.3.2 Malware Activities ———————————————————— 13 1.3.3 SQL Injection Attacks —————————————————— 16 1.3.4 Website Alterations ——————————————————— 17 1.4 Focused Research —————————————————— 18 1.4.1 Increasingly Malicious PUAs —————————————— 18 1.4.2 ID Management Technology: From a Convenience and Security Perspective ————— 22 1.4.3 Evaluating the IOCs of Malware That Reprograms HDD Firmware —————————————————————— 25 1.5 Conclusion —————————————————————— 27 2. Messaging Technology —————————————— 28 2.1 Introduction ————————————————————— 28 2.2 Spam Trends ————————————————————— 28 2.2.1 Spam Ratios Decline Further in FY2014 ————————— 28 2.2.2 Higher Risks Despite Lower Volumes —————————— 29 2.3 Trends in Email Technologies ——————————— 29 2.3.1 The DMARC RFC ————————————————————— 29 2.3.2 Problems with DMARC and Reporting —————————— 30 2.3.3 Use of DMARC by Email Recipients ——————————— 30 2.3.4 Domain Reputation ——————————————————— 31 2.3.5 -
Web Warriors – CBC Documentary
Cyber Crime Unit The federal government has suffered a nearly 680 percent increase in cyber security breaches in the past six years. 1 Computer Security Risks • A computer security risk is any event or action that could cause a loss of or damage to computer hardware, software, data, information, or processing capability • A cybercrime is an online or Internet-based illegal act Hackers Crackers Script Kiddies Corporate Spies Unethical Cyberextortionists Cyberterrorists Employees Pages 556 - 557 Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World 2 Chapter 11 3 HACKER Someone who gets into another persons computer or network ILLEGALLY. Say their intent is to improve SECURITY. Have advanced COMPUTER and NETWORK skills. CRACKER 4 Someone who gets into another persons computer or network ILLEGALLY. Their intent is to: 1. GET RID OF data 2. STEAL information 3.Other SPITEFUL acts. Have advanced COMPUTER and NETWORK skills. 5 SCRIPT KIDDIE Not as knowledgeable as a cracker but has the SAME intent. Often use PREWRITTEN hacking and cracking software packages to crack into computers. 6 CYBEREXTORTIONIST Uses EMAIL as a channel for BLACKMAIL. If they are not paid a sum of money, they threaten to: 1. REVEAL confidential material 2. TAKE ADVANTAGE OF a safety flaw 3. BEGIN an attack that will compromise a organization’s network 7 CYBERTERRORIST They use the INTERNET or NETWORK to destroy or damage computers for GOVERNMENTAL motives. Targets may be: 1. Nation’s AIR TRAFFIC system 2. ELECTRICITY-generating companies 3. TELECOMMUNICATION infrastructure 8 CORPORATE SPYS Have OUTSTANDING computer and networking skills and are hired to break into a specific computer and ROB its exclusive FILES and information or to help identify SAFETY risks in their own ORGANIZATION.