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Aspleniaceae) in a Brazilian Atlantic Forest Fragment

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Aspleniaceae) in a Brazilian Atlantic Forest Fragment Bryophyte community diversity and structure associated with Asplenium auritum fern (Aspleniaceae) in a Brazilian Atlantic forest fragment Libia Mayerly Cifuentes-García1*, Pedro Manuel Villa2, Denilson Fernandes Peralta3 & Pedro Bond Schwartsburd1 1. Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica, CEP: 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brasil; [email protected], [email protected] 2. Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Departamento de Engenharia Florestal, CEP: 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brasil; [email protected] 3. Instituto de Botânica, Núcleo de Pesquisa em Briologia, Caixa Postal 68041, CEP: 04045-972 São Paulo, SP, Brasil; [email protected] * Correspondence Received 21-VIII-2019. Corrected 21-XII-2019. Accepted 23-II-2020. ABSTRACT. Introduction: Local environmental filters have shown the influence on the bryophyte diversity and structure communities, but there are limited studies that analyze how biotic relationships filters influence these communities. Objective: To evaluate whether the influence of fern Asplenium auritum cover determine changes in species richness and composition of bryophyte communities, in a semideciduous remnant forest, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Methods: We selected one transect of 300 m in each of six areas where Asplenium auritum was present. In all transect we estimated plant cover in 39 10 × 10 cm plots randomly distributed. We compare the estimated species richness and composition of bryophyte between fern coverage levels. Results: We found 60 species in 35 genera and 23 families. Weft and mat were the most represented life-forms. Fern cover had no significant effect on bryophyte species richness and composition. Conclusions: Bryophyte cover appears to improve fern development and promote the coexistence of several bryophyte species. Bryophyte cover probably predicts variations in species richness and drives the species assemblage in this community. Key words: fern, interactions, liverworts, mosses, plant cover. Cifuentes-García, L. M., Villa, P. M., Fernandes Peralta, D., & Bond Schwartsburd, P. (2020). Bryophyte community diversity and structure associated with Asplenium auritum fern (Aspleniaceae) in a Brazilian Atlantic forest fragment. Revista de Biología Tropical, 68(1), 230-241. One of the main issues of ecological stud- between two species will allow their coexis- ies is to understand how biotic and abiotic tence (Götzenberger et al., 2012). Under envi- drivers shape plant community assemblages ronmental filtering, habitat restrictions result along environmental gradients (Götzenberger in the establishment of species with similar et al., 2012). Two major factors determine plant environmental requirements (e.g., Mudrák et community assemblages, environmental filters al., 2016). When habitat filtering is the major (e.g., elevation, growth substrates) and limit- driver, some species with similar environmen- ing similarity (e.g., biotic interactions). Limit- tal requirements may limit the presence of one ing similarity implies that low niche overlap another in the community (Götzenberger et 230 Rev. Biol. Trop. (Int. J. Trop. Biol. ISSN-0034-7744) Vol. 68(1): 230-241, March 2020 al., 2012). Most plant community assemblage phytogeographic domain in Southeastern Bra- studies in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest have zil shown the influence of local environmental evaluated the effect of environmental driv- filters (physical and chemical characteristics ers (e.g. elevation, soil properties) on species of substrates, environment temperature and richness and community composition, mainly water availability) on the cover and composi- in vascular plant communities (e.g., Neri et tion of bryophyte species in these communities al., 2016; Rodrigues, Villa, & Viana, 2019; (Amorim et al., 2017; Batista & Santos, 2016). Silva et al., 2019). Some studies recognize However, there are limited studies that analyze altitude, temperature, substrate availability and how biotic relationships filters shape communi- microhabitat as important filters of tropical ties of bryophytes in the Atlantic Forest. bryophyte diversity (Amorim, Carvalho, San- In this study we evaluate whether the tos, & Luizi-Ponzo, 2017; Peñaloza-Bojacá et influence of fern Asplenium auritum cover al., 2018; Silva, Sfair, Santos, & Pôrto, 2018), determine changes in species richness and while there is little knowledge about the biotic composition of bryophyte communities, in a interactions and mechanisms that affect the semideciduous remnant forest in the Parque structure of bryophyte communities (Zamfir Estadual da Serra do Brigadeiro (State of & Goldberg, 2000; Mulder, Uliassi, & Doak, Minas Gerais, Brazil). We addressed the fol- 2001; Benavides, 2007). lowing questions: (1) what is species richness The composition and structure of bryo- and community composition pattern of bryo- phyte communities have been considered the phytes associated with A. auritum? (2) What result of environmental conditions, and interac- is the species cover distribution of bryophyte tions with other organisms, such as the effect of communities associated with A. auritum? (3) vascular plants on competition and facilitation Does fern cover affect bryophyte species rich- (Mulder et al., 2001; Benavides, 2007). Stud- ness? This is the first study of biotic interac- ies indicate a positive relationship between tions between the bryophyte communities and a rupicolous and courticolus bryophytes with fern species in a remnant of the Atlantic Forest some ferns (Dubuisson, Hennequin, Rakoton- in Southeastern Brazil. drainibe, & Schneider, 2003; Ellyson & Sil- lett, 2003). For the Atlantic Forests of Brazil, Sylvestre (2001) mentions the development MATERIALS AND METHODS of Asplenium auritum, on bryophyte-covered rocks and trunks located near streams. Study area: Our study was developed in The Atlantic Forest is recognized as a the Parque Estadual da Serra do Brigadeiro biodiversity hotspot with a high percentage (PESB), a protected area under state administra- of endemic species (Stehmann et al., 2009). tion, located in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil Unfortunately, it is under intensive process (20°43’57.1” S & 42°28’09.8” W; Fig. 1). of deforestation and destruction, and only The PESB covers an area of 14 985 ha and is ca. 10 % of the original area persists as iso- inserted in the Atlantic Forest phytogeographic lated fragments in different stages of succes- domain, and has two types of plant formations, sion (Costa & Lima, 2005). Still, the Atlantic according with IBGE (2012): (1) Semidecidu- Forest fragments are important maintainers ous forest from the altomontana formation, and of biodiversity, with a positive relationship (2) high-altitude fields (campos de altitude). between biodiversity and ecosystem function- The climate is mesothermal (CWb) in Koep- ing (Rodrigues et al., 2019). pen’s (1948) classification, with an average Bryophytes represent one of the important temperature of 18 °C and a minimum of less functional groups in the maintenance of the than 0 °C in the highest areas, and an annual diversity and structure in the Atlantic For- average rainfall of 1 500 mm/year, with a dry est (Costa & Gomes, 2003). Studies in this period from June to August (PESB, 2007). Rev. Biol. Trop. (Int. J. Trop. Biol. ISSN-0034-7744) Vol. 68(1): 230-241, March 2020 231 Fig. 1. Location of the study sites within Parque Estadual da Serra do Brigadeiro (PESB), Minas Gerais, Brazil: (1) Trilha do Carvão, (2) Trilha do Pico do Grama, (3), Trilha da Pedra do Pato (4) Trilha do Cruzeiro do Careço, (5) Trilha do Itajurú e (6) Trilha do Avião. South America and Brazilian map with the Minas Gerais State (gray map) and the boundaries of PESB. Map generated using ArcGIS®. We worked in the semideciduous forest Melédez-Ackerman, Olaya-Arenas, Flores, & (Oliveira-Filho & Ratter, 1995) along six sites Tremblay, 2013) and identification of bryo- distributed in the middle and Southern sectors phyte species. From each plot, all bryophytes of the PESB (Fig. 1). These areas correspond were identified to the species level. We record- to vegetation cover located mainly on the ed A. auritum cover and represented in four mountain slopes, between 1 000 and 1 360 m fern cover levels (25, 50, 75 and 100 %). All of elevation, and the predominant vegetation is bryophytes were collected for later re-identifi- characterized by secondary forests in various cation in the VIC Herbarium. stages of succession (Caiafa & Silva, 2005). Bryophyte identification: Species identi- Vegetation sampling: Plant measure- fication included the preparation of slides and ments and collections were carried out during observation in stereo- and optical microscope, four expeditions between May 2017 and April using keys and specialized literature (Sharp, 2018. We selected one transect of 300 m in Crum, & Eckel, 1994; Gradstein, Churchill, each of six areas where Asplenium auritum was & Salazar-Allen, 2001; Gradstein & Costa, present. In all transect we established 39 10 × 2003; Costa, Almeida, Santos, Gradstein, & 10 cm plots randomly distributed, divided into Churchill, 2010; Yano & Peralta, 2011; Bordin 25 subplots 2 × 2 cm. Each plot was located in & Yano, 2013). All specimens are deposited in the middle of each substrate occupied by the the herbarium VIC (Acronym follows Index fern for estimated plant cover (Garcia-Cancel, Herbariorum, Thiers, 2019). Our classification 232 Rev. Biol. Trop. (Int. J. Trop. Biol. ISSN-0034-7744) Vol. 68(1): 230-241, March 2020 follows Söderström
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