OXFORD DEPARTMENT OF INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2015 THE CHALLENGE • Two-thirds of humankind live in developing countries, where most of the world’s worst deprivation is located. Understanding these societies is of central importance to any enquiry into the human condition.
• International action to reduce poverty, inequality and vulnerability of people and nations must be based on critical yet rigorous knowledge. Universities have a special duty to create and share this.
WHAT WE CAN CONTRIBUTE •The six postgraduate programmes and six specialised research groups of the Oxford Department of International Development give us unequalled depth of scholarship in key themes of this enquiry.
• We specialise in academic research and research training, drawing on a worldwide network of partners. We are not constrained by aid agency agendas, and thus can explore new and old problems from a critical standpoint.
• Oxford’s engagement with international development is based on the quality of our scholarly research and postgraduate research training, which in turn influences both the global epistemic community and contested policy agendas.
• Our interdisciplinary approach has strong roots in Oxford faculties (economics, politics, international relations, anthropology, population health, sociology, history, law, geography, management and area studies) and multidisciplinary graduate colleges.
OUR OBJECTIVES • Influencing the theory, analysis and practice of development worldwide to the benefit of disadvantaged people and countries; supporting international networks and local institutions involved in this endeavour.
• Worldwide attraction of the best postgraduate students; recruitment of outstanding scholars to faculty; adding to our network of leading development research institutions; bringing key visitors to Oxford.
• Endowment of scholarships, with a particular focus on enabling students from countries in the global South to read for our degrees. CONTENTS
FROM THE HEAD OF DEPARTMENT 2 TEACHING 3 CAREERS 13 RESEARCH 15 REGIONAL SPECIALISMS 38 KNOWLEDGE EXCHANGE AND RESEARCH IMPACT 45 PUBLICATIONS 51 PEOPLE 57
A courtyard close to the Pool of Sacred Fish and Urfa castle, Turkey Credit: John Edwards, MPhil in Development Studies 2013–15 1 OXFORD DEPARTMENT OF INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2015
Shuttling from Rabat to Salé, Morocco Credit: Paul-Anthony Delor, MPhil in Development Studies 2013–15 2
FROM THE HEAD OF DEPARTMENT
Early in the 2014–15 academic year, we received the work advising the Bank of Uganda and Ugandan news that our department had ranked at the top in Finance Ministry on public investment strategies the country in the Research Excellence Framework in anticipation of the development of the country’s (REF), a national exercise conducted by the Higher oil sector. Education Funding Council UK to assess the quality We continue to attract students of the highest of research in higher education institutions. We calibre and devote our best efforts to supporting are particularly pleased to have maintained the top them. Applications to the department continued ranking we achieved in the previous similar exercise, to rise, and 40 per cent of ODID students won the Research Assessment Exercise (RAE), in 2008. various scholarships and grants, testifying to In the REF, ODID was judged to be the leading their academic excellence. Eight of our students international development department in terms won highly competitive Overseas Development of both the quality of its research activity and the Institute (ODI) Fellowships after completing their volume of its world-leading work. ODID also made degree here. Capitalising on our robust financial the biggest submission to the REF in international position, the department dedicated over £600,000 development, with 47 members of staff entered. to supporting students with funding for various We have not rested on our laurels, however, purposes and we continue to make appointments and we continue to strive to achieve the highest to strengthen our teaching provision. John standard in all areas of our work. As usual, a large Gledhill was appointed Associate Professor number of publications appeared this year, with and Stefano Caria joined us as Departmental our colleagues Kirsten McConnachie, Indrajit Roy, Lecturer in 2014–15, while Tom Scott-Smith and Hein de Haas and Marie-Laurence Flahaux receiving Mathias Czaika have been appointed as Associate prizes. Dawn Chatty was elected as a Fellow of Professors from 2015–16, and Tristen Naylor, the British Academy in recognition of her track Will Jones, Donna Harris and Gunvor Jónsson record of outstanding research. Our Early Career as Departmental Lecturers. The high quality of Nandini Gooptu Researchers remain a particularly strong source of our teaching has been recognised by University with novelist Amitav academic dynamism. We derive much satisfaction Teaching Excellence Awards for Cathryn Ghosh, who delivered the 2015 Olof Palme in supporting their career development and Costello and Evelyn Ersanilli, with the latter also Lecture titled ‘The mobility, and take great pride in their achievement being nominated by her students for an Oxford Earth as Literary in progressing to prestigious academic and other University Student Union (OUSU) teaching Critic: Climate Change and the appointments elsewhere (see p 59). award. Students also nominated Gary Jones, our Limits of Imagination’ much-loved caretaker, for an OUSU award for his on 20 March Our external research funding remains strong, Credit: Keith Barnes outstanding support to students. To maintain our with £3.67 million in income this year. The close association with our past students, this year impact of our research on sectors outside we have launched a new alumni magazine, Oxford academia and our knowledge exchange activities Development Matters. continued to be important and received external recognition. For the second year in a row, a member We bid farewell this year to Stefan Dercon and of ODID won a prize for impact, annually awarded Hein de Haas, who are taking up Chairs at by the Economic and Social Research (ESRC). Oxford’s Economics Department/Blavatnik School ODID was the only department in the country to of Government and at Amsterdam University, have achieved this distinction. This year, Oliver respectively, and to Denise Watt, who is retiring Owen’s prize was in the ‘Outstanding Early Career after more than 30 years of highly valued service Impact’ category. Our knowledge exchange spans in the department, most notably as Assistant to the a variety of fields, ranging from research on Boko Head of Department, in which role I owe immense Haram by Raufu Mustapha that shaped Nigerian personal gratitude to her. government policy, to research data on child I would like to take this opportunity to express poverty in the global South being used by Young my sincere appreciation to my colleagues in the Lives to produce mathematics Key Stage 2 and 3 department, as well as our stellar students and our resources for UK schools in collaboration with global network of collaborators, for making ODID Oxfam, to our research centres on migration not only a place of excellence but also a creative, (IMI) and forced migration (RSC) contributing inspiring and supportive community. to critical national and international debates on refugees and migration crises, to Chris Adam’s Nandini Gooptu TEACHING The department offers six postgraduate courses – a DPhil, an MPhil and four MSc programmes – which attract students of exceptionally high calibre from all regions of the world.
At the entrance to the department Credit: Keith Barnes TEACHING 4
At the start of the 2014–15 academic year, we At present around 40 per cent of our entrants have had just over 280 students. These included around full or partial scholarships, and we are working 100 DPhil candidates, many of whom enter the hard to increase this proportion. As a department, programme from our MPhil or MSc courses, we are investing around £600,000 a year in student which provide an excellent foundation for support from our own funds. research. All teaching on our courses is research-based, drawing on the specialist fields of staff and often Applicants per place 2014 on the results of ongoing research. We offer small Course Places Applications Arrivals Applicants class sizes and individual supervision, and all per place students undertake original research projects and DPhil International 15 188 22 12:1 research methods training. Those on the DPhil Development and MPhil receive fieldwork training as well. MPhil Development 30 175 30 6:1 Studies Competition for the available places each year MSc Economics for 30 178 25 7:1 is intense, as the table (opposite) shows. This Development is despite the fact that our entry standards are MSc Global Governance 25 260 42 10:1 and Diplomacy among the highest at Oxford, with most successful MSc Migration Studies 26 72 32 3:1 entrants having the equivalent of a first-class MSc Refugee and Forced 25 112 26 4:1 degree at a UK research university or a 3.8 CGPA Migration Studies at a good US university. TOTALS 151 985 177 7:1 Demand for our courses continues to rise, reflecting not only the high quality of teaching but also the unique Oxford approach to development Scholarships for new students 2014–15 studies – research driven with strong disciplinary foundations – and the excellent international Scholarship Students Funded career opportunities open to alumni. Applicants Departmental 6 Scholarships are also attracted by the international diversity of Merton College/ODID 1 the department in terms of both its students and its staff. ESRC 8 ENI Scholarship (at St 1 We remain committed to helping outstanding Antony’s) students who cannot afford the fees and Rhodes 12 living costs at Oxford, particularly those from Weidenfeld 3 developing countries, and both the department Felix 1 and the University have made great efforts to Kobe 1 increase the availability of scholarships. Commonwealth 2 Economics Department 2 (for MSc Econ Dev) Student country of origin 2014–15 Olsen 1 Clarendon 6 Michael Wills 2 UK 37 Marshall 3 Green Templeton College 1 Campion College 1 Rest of World 120 EU HEFCE 9 73 Government/Employer/ 12 Other North America 53 5 OXFORD DEPARTMENT OF INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2015
unmanaged change in societies on the periphery of the global economy. The course introduces students to development studies as an interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary subject. It covers the intellectual history of development, the paradigm shifts and internal conflicts within the discipline, and the contemporary relevance of research to development policy and practice. Although the course is not designed for training in direct development management, the critical enquiry it emphasises is crucial for such work. Above all, the course encourages innovative and original thinking. In the first year, students receive a theoretical and applied grounding in two out of three foundation subject areas: Economics; History and Politics; and Social Anthropology. They also study a course in research methods for the social sciences, which provides qualitative and quantitative training appropriate for doctoral research and Class discussions for professional practice. The ‘core course’, also Director of Graduate Studies 2014–15: Credit: © ODID/ taken in the first year, is interdisciplinary and Rob Jones Jocelyn Alexander multidisciplinary and has two components: Tutor for Admissions 2014–15: Theories of Development and Major Themes in Development. Nikita Sud Students take two specialist options in their DPHIL IN INTERNATIONAL second year, choosing from an extensive list DEVELOPMENT of options which in the past have ranged from The DPhil in International Development provides health, environment gender and children and an opportunity for outstanding students to their relationship to development; issues of pursue in-depth multi- and interdisciplinary forced migration; the history, politics, economics research, guided by leading scholars in the field, and sociology of specific developing countries; into processes of social, political and economic international relations and statebuilding; and development and change in the global South. development economics. The department has a thriving group of around They also write a thesis of up to 30,000 words, on a 100 research students working on a wide range topic chosen in consultation with their supervisor, of interdisciplinary themes. Many students usually drawing on fieldwork undertaken during the transfer from our master’s courses, a few come summer between their first and second years from the other Oxford degrees and some come The core ODID-based teaching staff for from programmes in other universities. Many 2014–15 included: of our doctoral students also have considerable Abdul Raufu Mustapha (Course Director) work experience in the field of international Jocelyn Alexander development. Masooda Bano For a full list of current DPhil thesis titles, see Imane Chaara pp 10–12. Douglas Gollin Nandini Gooptu Director of Doctoral Research 2014/15: Sabina Alkire Xiaolan Fu Xialoan Fu Adeel Malik MPHIL IN DEVELOPMENT STUDIES Rosana Pinheiro-Machado The two-year MPhil in Development Studies Indrajit Roy provides a rigorous and critical introduction Diego Sanchez-Ancochea to development as a process of managed and Nikita Sud Miles Tendi TEACHING 6
MSC IN ECONOMICS FOR includes hands-on training in computer use with DEVELOPMENT statistical packages. This is a nine-month taught degree in Specific issues covered have in the past included development economics, with a strong emphasis Natural Resources and Development; Risk, on applied quantitative economics. It prepares Poverty and Inclusive Financial Markets; The students for further academic research and Foundations of Development; Macroeconomic for work as professional economists on Policy and Stabilisation in Developing Countries: ‘I think the development issues in international agencies, Openness and Development; Structural course struck an excellent balance governments or the private sector. It seeks to Transformation and Growth; Agriculture and between teaching develop analytical and critical skills relevant Development: International Migration and economic theory for economic development (in particular for Development. Students receive further teaching and the practical assessing alternative approaches to policy), and from individual supervision. skills required to provide the rigorous quantitative training An important part of the course is the writing to undertake that development work now requires. It also of an extended essay of up to 10,000 words on empirical research provides the research tools and approaches in development a subject chosen by the student in consultation needed for those who wish to proceed to a economics. The with the supervisor. higher research degree. academics The core teaching staff for 2014–15 teaching the The MSc is taught through a combination included: MSc were very of lectures, classes and essay writing with Douglas Gollin (Course Director) approachable and individual supervisors. The tutorial system Christopher Adam made a real effort is used to build critical and analytical skills. to support the Sam Asher (Department of Economics) There are weekly classes and lectures in student learning Stefano Caria economic theory (split between macro- and experience.’ Beata Javorcik (Department of Economics) microeconomics) and quantitative methods, Simon Quinn (Department of Economics) Benjamin and a sequence of eight development modules Climent Quintana-Domeque Lodewijks taught by lectures, classes and student (Department of Economics) MSc in Economics presentations. The quantitative methods course for Development 2014–15
In the courtyard at Mansfield Road Credit: Keith Barnes 7 OXFORD DEPARTMENT OF INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2015
MSC IN GLOBAL GOVERNANCE MSC IN MIGRATION STUDIES AND DIPLOMACY The interdisciplinary MSc in Migration Studies The MSc in Global Governance and Diplomacy allows students to explore human mobility as is a nine-month course that provides high an intrinsic part of the broader processes of quality graduate training in debates about the development and global change; and to address the institutions and processes of global governance, causes and consequences of migration and how multilateralism, regional integration and these are shaped by governments, societies, and diplomacy. migrants themselves. The degree prepares students for careers in The course introduces students to key concepts, the regional and trans-national institutions of research and analysis in the economics, politics, ‘The course provides a international governance such as international sociology and anthropology of migration. It enables broad yet organisations and non-governmental organisations, students to understand the nature of both internal comprehensive and private sector firms interacting with these and international migration and their role in global understanding institutions or in government and foreign social and economic change. of the ministries. For those seeking future academic The programme is jointly offered by ODID and multiplicity of careers the degree also constitutes excellent the School of Anthropology (SAME). The course contemporary preparation for the DPhil in a number of social draws on the intellectual resources of its two parent global issues, science disciplines. and generates departments and the three world-leading migration productive Students take a choice of two foundation courses research centres at Oxford: the International discussion (Global Governance or International Diplomacy), Migration Institute (IMI), the Refugee Studies amongst a a mandatory course in Research Methods in the Centre (RSC) and the Centre on Migration, Policy uniquely diverse Social Sciences, and two optional papers, one of and Society (COMPAS). and vibrant which must be chosen from a list of ‘core options’ The degree has four main taught components, in student group with a global governance focus. They also research addition to a 15,000 word dissertation: regarding ways and write a 12,000 word dissertation under of addressing supervision. • International Migration in the Social Sciences and solving these problems.’ The core options for 2014–15 included Diplomacy • Migration, Globalisation and Social Alice Tusa and International Law; Diplomatic Management of Transformation MSc in Global International Crises; Religion and World Politics; • Thematic and Regional Options Governance Peacebuilding and Statebuilding; Security Issues in and Diplomacy Fragile States; Political Economy of Institutions and • Methods in Social Research 2014–15 Development; Global Political Economy; Global Teaching on the degree is provided by leading Political Economy of Sustainable Development; scholars in the field, who draw on their own Political Economy of Global Resources. research to illustrate theoretical, ethical, The core teaching staff for 2014–15 included: methodological and practical issues. It combines lectures, small tutorial groups, and discussion Corneliu Bjola (Course Joerg Friedrichs seminars; and students have individual dissertation Director) John Gledhill Michael Bloomfield Adeel Malik supervision. Teaching is problem-focussed and Imane Chaara aims to give students critical analytical skills. The core teaching staff for 2014–15 included: Hein de Haas (IMI) (Course Director) Teaching Oliver Bakewell (IMI) Awards Mette Berg (COMPAS) Dace Dzenovska (COMPAS) Evelyn Ersanilli Evelyn Ersanilli (IMI) won a Teaching Excellence Award in MSC IN REFUGEE AND FORCED 2014 for teaching on MIGRATION STUDIES the MSc in Migration Studies. She was also The MSc in Refugee and Forced Migration shortlisted as Most Studies offers an intellectually demanding Acclaimed Lecturer in the OUSU Teaching Awards. route to understanding forced migration in contexts of conflict, repression, natural disasters, TEACHING 8
environmental change and development policy- Those teaching on the degree in 2014–15 making. included: The course helps students understand the complex Matthew Gibney (Course Director) and varied nature of forced migration and refugee Alexander Betts Cathryn Costello populations; their centrality to global, regional and Evelyn Ersanilli national processes of political, social and economic Elena Fiddian-Qasmiyeh change; as well as the needs and aspirations of Will Jones forcibly displaced people themselves. It places Gil Loescher forced migration in an historical, global and human Kirsten McConnachie perspective, encouraging informed reflection on Roger Zetter international and national responses to both cross- border and internal displacement. For the most up-to-date information on our The course is an interdisciplinary degree taught courses and details of how to apply, please visit by leading experts in the field of forced migration, our website, www.qeh.ox.ac.uk/study. Please drawn from a range of disciplines including note, applications for October entry open in anthropology, geography, international law, politics September of the previous year. and international relations, and sociology. The course enables students to explore forced migration through a thesis, a group research essay, and a Academic Prize range of required courses including Introduction Winners to Forced Migration, International Refugee and Human Rights Law, Asylum and the Modern State, and Research Methods. The following prizes were awarded to students for their academic performance in 2014/15: Students also choose two optional courses from a MPhil in Development Studies list of offerings that in previous years have included Papiya Ghosh Thesis Prize International Relations and Forced Migration; Lucia Rost Movement and Morality; Refugee Camps and Eugene Havas Memorial Prize for Best Overall Containment; UNHCR and World Politics; Performance Refugees, Violence and Displacement in Central Julie Dayot and Ikuno Naka Africa; Refugees and the Theory and Praxis of Humanitarianism. MSc in Economics for Development George Webb Medley Prize for Best Overall Students benefit from small group teaching, Performance which encourages active participation and Johannes Jaeckle enables students to learn from each other. Each George Webb Medley Prize (proxime accessit) student is assigned an individual supervisor Katherine Stapleton at the start of the course, who guides and supports Luca D’Agliano Prize for Best Extended Essay their intellectual development through regular Katherine Stapleton term-time meetings. Arthur Lewis Prize for Excellence in Development Economics Benjamin Lodewijks
Teaching MSc in Global Governance and Diplomacy Awards Outstanding Academic Achievement Prize Alice Tusa Cathryn Costello Best Dissertation Prize won a Teaching Franca König Excellence Award in 2014 for a project to MSc in Migration Studies enhance the course Dissertation Prize on International Yan Matusevich Human Rights and MSc in Refugee and Force Migration Studies Refugee Law, which forms a core part of the MSc Best Thesis Prize in Refugee and Forced Migration Studies. Anna Wherry 9 OXFORD DEPARTMENT OF INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2015
SCHOLARSHIPS AND BURSARIES Shannon Phillip (DPhil in International Development) Caitlin Procter (DPhil in International Development) Departmental Scholarships Nicole Sparkes (MPhil in Development Studies) ODID offers a number of full scholarships Katherine Stapleton (MSc in Economics for (covering University and College fees, plus an Development) amount towards maintenance), available to Claire Walkey (MSc in Migration Studies) students on any of the courses we provide. Department of Economics Scholarship The criteria for selection are outstanding academic This £20,000 scholarship is open to any candidate for ability and citizenship of (and normal residence the MSc in Economics for Development, irrespective in) a developing country as defined by the United of nationality or background. All applications will Nations, with a preference for candidates from Sub- be considered on merit only. In the event of multiple Saharan Africa. Continuation of scholarships in the strong candidates applying, some with partial case of multi-year courses (MPhil and DPhil) will funding from other sources, the department is be conditional upon a high standard of academic willing to share the award between two candidates, to performance. the value of £10,000 each. Generous support from Corpus Christi and Merton 2014–15 Recipients: colleges assist with two of these scholarships. Joevas Asare 2014–15 Recipients: Charlotte Carter Arnold Chamunogwa (DPhil in International Other scholarships: Development, 1st year) 2014–15 Recipients: Daniel Agbiboa (DPhil in International Development, 2nd year) Michael Wills Zainab Usman (DPhil in International Development, Srecko Crnogorac (MSc in Global Governance 3rd year) and Diplomacy) Adil Hossain (DPhil in International Development, Rhodes with Merton) Timothy Abel (MPhil in Development Studies, 1st year) Hanh Nguyen (MPhil in Development Studies, 1st Kylie de Chastelaine (MPhil in Development Studies, year) 1st year) Gerardo Alonso Torres Contreras (MPhil in Robert Hortle (MPhil in Development Studies, 1st year) Development Studies, 2nd year) Susanna Newing (MPhil in Development Studies, 1st year) Parul Jain (MSc in Economics for Development) Ayushma Basnyat (MSc in Global Governance and Louis Chambers (MSc in Economics for Development) Diplomacy, with Corpus Christi) Jingjing Wang (MSc in Economics for Development) Tze Yeen Liew (MSc in Migration Studies) Benjamin Abraham (MSc in Global Governance and Natalia Alves Barbosa Ribeiro (MSc in Refugee and Diplomacy) Forced Migration Studies) Rafiullah Kakar (MSc in Global Governance and Diplomacy) Arnold Kaluba (MSc in Global Governance and ESRC Studentships Diplomacy) The University of Oxford is one of 21 centres Thomas Woodroofe (MSc in Global Governance of postgraduate excellence accredited by the and Diplomacy) Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC) as a Aliyyah Akhirah Ahad (MSc in Migration Studies) Doctoral Training Centre. ESRC Studentships that Clarendon are of relevance to applicants to the ODID courses Ian Madison (DPhil in International Development, are available in the Development Studies, Migration 1st year) and Economics training pathways. Clarissa Baerenfaenger (MPhil in Development Studies, The studentships are available to applicants to 1st year, with Merton’s Peter Braam) the DPhil and to applicants to any of our master’s Michela Mossetto Carini (MPhil in Development Studies, courses who intend to continue to a doctorate. 1st year) Karine Yuki (MPhil in Devleopment Studies, 2nd year) They are available to home and EU applicants only. Benjamin Lodewijks (MSc in Economics for Development) 2014–15 Recipients: Kamyar Jarahzadeh (MSc in Migration Studies) Jasper Barth (DPhil in International Development) Victoria Hammond (MSc in Refugee and Forced Alexandra Panman ((DPhil in International Migration Studies) Development, with St John’s) Weidenfeld Giovanni Pasquali (DPhil in International Simukai Chigudu (DPhil in International Development, 1st Development) year, Weidenfeld Leadership) TEACHING 10
Eli Slama (MPhil in Development Studies, 2nd year, CURRENT DPHIL THESIS TITLES Weidenfeld Hoffman) Intersections of Diasporas and Development: Young Ethiopian Duja Michael (MSc in Economics for Development, Diasporans from the West and Their Relationships to Weidenfeld Hoffman) Development in Ethiopia Jessica Standish-White (MSc in Economics for Alpha Abebe Development, Weidenfeld-Dreyfus) Critiquing the Remittance Literature in the Broader Migration Felix and Development Debate: Reverse Remittance Practice among Moctar Kane (MPhil in Development Studies, 1st year) Ghanaian Migrants and their Relatives Oxford Kobe Geraldine Adiku Moe Suzuki (MSc in Refugee and Forced Migration The Political Economy of Survival: Everyday ‘Corruption’, Studies) Street-Level Bureaucracy, and Popular Imagination in an Oxford Graduate Scholarships supported by African Metropolis Daniel Agbiboa HEFCE The Niger Delta Conflicts: Beyond Economic Explanations Stephanie Heerwig (MSc in Economics for Olanshile Akintola Development) Hasti Darjani (MSc in Global Governance and Market Power: Traders, Farmers and the Politics of Class- Diplomacy) making in Pakistani Punjab Kristina Lunz (MSc in Global Governance and Asha Amirali Diplomacy) Rural Politics between the Mubarak Regime and the Muslim Niklas Schraml (MSc in Global Governance and Brotherhood Diplomacy) Hani Awad Alexander Maier (MSc in Migration Studies) How the ‘Real Refugee’ is Created and Contested: Inequalities, Emine Yeter (MSc in Migration Studies) Governmentality and Agency in a Burkinabe Refugee Camp Barbara Orth (MSc in Refugee and Forced Migration Nora Bardelli Studies) Citizen Enforcers? Studying In-State Migration Policing in the Natasza Piasecka (MSc in Refugee and Forced Migration UK Studies) Jennifer Barrett Harriet Winfrey (MSc in Refugee and Forced Migration Studies) Bringing the PAP-State Home: The Construction of State and St Antony’s and Eni Society through Public Housing Policy Jasper Barth Carlos Quembo (DPhil in International Development, 1st year) Perceived Income Inequality and Corruption Cinar Baymul Akin Iwilade (DPhil in International Development, 2nd year) Reasoning with Rebels: How the Private Authority of Rebel Nelson Oppong (DPhil in International Development, Enclaves Impacts the Peace Process 3rd year, with ODID) Sabrina Brandt Green Templeton College Mihika Chatterjee (DPhil in International Development, OXTALENT Award 1st year)
Swire/Cathay Pacific DPhil Student Marco Haenssgen Junko Asano (MPhil in Development Studies, 1st year) was runner-up in the Student IT Marshall Innovation category of this year’s Chelsea Glen (MSc in Economics for Development) OxTALENT awards for his use of Caitlin Davidson (MSc in Global Governance and satellite maps for household survey Diplomacy) sampling in rural China. Anna Wherry (MSc in Refugee and Forced Migration The awards recognise members of the University Studies) who have made innovative use of digital technology Commonwealth in order to foster learning and academic practice at Ankita Pandey (DPhil in International Development, either undergraduate or postgraduate level; develop 1st year) more effective links between teaching and research; Alexandra Doyle (MSc in Economics for Development) or improve impact through outreach and public engagement. Please note that available scholarships can vary from year to year. Check our website for the most He also won an honourable mention in the European up-to-date information: www.qeh.ox.ac.uk/study/ Survey Research Association’s 2015 Early Career Award for his paper ‘Facilitating Survey Sampling in funding Low- and Middle-Income Contexts through Satellite Maps and Basic Mobile Computing Technology’. 11 OXFORD DEPARTMENT OF INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2015
Digital Diplomacy: The Changing Face of Interference in an Mobile Phones and Rural Health: A Comparative Study of India Age of Real-Time Governance and China Jennifer Cassidy Marco Haenssgen Inequalities in Child Development in Peru: Evidence about Contests of the Self and of the State: Student Activism and Post- its Origins and the Effects of Policy Interventions on Parental colonial Politics in Zimbabwe Behaviour Daniel Hodgkinson Juan Castro What Happened after the 2002 Gujarat Riots? An Ethnographic An Interrogation of Public Authority and Tenure Security in Inquiry of the People Living in a Relief Camp Fast-Track Resettlement Farms in Zimbabwe Adil Hossain Arnold Chamunogwa Youth, Conflict Networks and the Politics of Amnesty in Nigeria’s Land Acquisition, Livelihood and Gender: A Political Economy Oil Rich Delta Approach to Contemporary Land Issues in India Samuel Iwilade Mihika Chatterjee Bridging the Gap between Payments for Environmental Services State of Emergency: The Politics of Zimbabwe’s Cholera and Conditional Cash Transfers: Impact and Implications of Outbreak, 2008–2009 the ‘Pagos por Servicios Ambientales’ and ‘Oportunidades’ Simukai Chigudu Programmes on Human Welfare and Environmental Conservation in Marques de Comillas, Lacandona Rainforest, Essays on Firm-Level Productivity in Tunisia Mexico Jieun Choi Santiago Izquierdo Tort Politics and Strategy: A Pathway to Cessation of Refugee Status Accumulation, Class and Power: Agricultural Markets and Georgia Cole Agrarian Change in Pakistani Punjab University-Firm Technology Transfer in Chile Muhammad Ali Jan Claudia Contreras Rojas Do Conditional Cash Transfers Lead to Better Employment Social Networks, Collaborations and High-tech Cluster Outcomes? Prospects for Long-Term Poverty Reduction in Brazil’s Formation in an Emerging Country: The Case of Biotechnology ‘Bolsa Familia’ Programme in Chile Hayley Jones Carmen Contreras Romero Innovation, Technical Change and Growth in the Caribbean: An Agricultural Development, Mechanisation and Rental Markets: Aggregated Story about Productivity Theory and Empirics from Ghana and Ethiopia Musheer Kamau Frances Cossar Antinomies of Agency: Women and Statemaking in Rural India Education and Ethnic Politics: Constructing and Contesting Lipika Kamra Identity in Union Karen Diasporic Return in an Age of Transnationalism: Self-initiated Richard Dolan return migration in post-Soviet Armenia Non-State Actors and State Building in Divided Societies: The Nanor Karageozian Case of Libya (1947–1969) Identity Formation in Internal Independent Young Migrants on Sherine El Taraboulsi Java Muslim Politics and Contestations in South India Paul Kellner Arndt Emmerich Industrial Cluster Relocation: Intra and Extra-Cluster Linkages Community Governance of Local Public Goods in Fragile using Social Network Analysis States: Health Facility Committees in Burundi and South Kivu, Cintia Kulzer Sacilotto DRC The Evolving Conceptualisation of Rights and Membership of Jean-Benoit Falisse Anti-Deportation Movements in the United Kingdom Migrants and the Transfer of Social Institutions Diletta Lauro Michael Fargher ‘Rape as a Weapon of War’ in DRC: Uncovering the Elusive Male Negotiating ‘Normal’ in the Midst of War: A Study of Social ‘Victim’ Networks, Identity, Mobility and Violence Chloe Lewis Solange Fontana The Constitution of Illicit Orders: Local Reconfigurations of Patterns, Determinants and Effects of Internal Migration in Territory, Authority and Institutions in Global Society Ethiopia, India, Peru and Vietnam Christopher Lilyblad Maria Franco Gavonel Parallel States, Public Goods and the Competition for Legitimacy Chinese HIV NGOs and the Opening of Chinese Civil Spaces: A in Kosovo Multi-Sector Organisational Framework Ian Madison Samuel Galler Determinants of Migration: The Role of Social and Trade Policies The Making of Muslim Identity Politics in Contemporary West Edo Mahendra Bengal The Evolution of Rights-Based Norms in Global Mobility Subhankar Ghosh Muireann Meehan Speed Mobility and Segregation of the Indigenous Population in Migration and Humanitarian Aid along the Mexican Migration Mexico Corridor Ivan Gonzalez De Alba Jaime Alejandro Olayo Mendez TEACHING 12
Model or Mirage? Global Solutions for Extractive Sector Governance and Ghana’s Oil Industry Best Paper Nelson Oppong Journeys into Exile: Towards a Political Understanding of DPhil student Refugee Journeys to Europe Uma Pradhan Julia Pacitto was awarded the Citizen Activism in India: A Study of the Post Emergency Civil 2015 Dor Bahadur Liberties and Democratic Rights Movement Bista Prize for best Ankita Pandey graduate student Housing Poverty: Understanding Low-Income Housing paper for an article Choices and Residential Mobility in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania on mother-tongue Alexandra Panman education in Nepal. The Framing of ‘Fast Track’ Land Reform in the Media and The prize is awarded annually by the Association for Cultural Productions in Zimbabwe, 2000–05 Nepal and Himalayan Studies (ANHS) and recognises Phillip Pasirayi outstanding scholarship by students whose research Achieving Social and Economic Upgrading in Agricultural focusses on the areas of High Asia (Hindu Kush – Global Value Chains: How Participation in Different Trade Karakoram – Himalaya – Tibetan Plateau). Trajectories Affects Suppliers in the Kenyan Agri-sector Uma’s article, ‘New Languages of Schooling: Giovanni Pasquali Ethnicity, Education and Equality in Nepal’, explored Irregular Migrant Children and the Right to Education in the ways in which people position themselves Canada and the United Kingdom within the polarising debates of ethnicity-based David Passarelli claims on education in Nepal. States of Knowledge: Political Asylum and the Right to Justification No Going Back. The resilience challenge: Stories of Resistance, Blair Peruniak Adaptation, Transformation (and Mobility) Picturing the Indian Man: An Ethnographic Enquiry into Greta Semplici Images and Discourses of Masculinities in Urban India Hidden Democracy in Rwanda – The Experience of Ubudehe: Shannon Philip Is Rwanda More Democratic than we are Made to Believe? The Politics of Environmental Displacement: Epistemic Actors Ashish Shah and their Mechanisms of Influence Zimbabwe’s Marange Diamond Fields and the Kimberley Angela Pilath Process Children and Youth and Social Change: A Cross-generational James Simpson Case Study of Children’s Transitions to Social Adulthood in The COMPARTE Network: Intercultural Solidarity and Rwanda Sustainable Living in Latin America Kirsten Pontalti Emilio Travieso Ethnicity, Inequality and Education: A Study of Multilingual The Political Economy of Economic Diversification in Nigeria Education in Nepal Zainab Usman Uma Pradhan ‘Government is a Legal Fiction’: Performing Political Power in Growing up Under Military Occupation: Social Transitions for Zimbabwe’s Magistrates Courts After 2000 Palestinian Youth in a West Bank Refugee Camp Susanne Verheul Caitlin Procter Impediments to Development: Theoretical Advances in Continuities and Discontinuities in Development Policies in Understanding and Addressing the Challenges of Financial Mozambique: Operation Production (1983) and the Fund for and Social Risk Management in Developing Economies Investment in Local Initiatives (2005) Nathaniel Ware Carlos Quembo Dragging Offshore Onshore: International Tax Reform, the Rethinking Rural Development in the Colombian Context OECD and the Changing Global Balance of Interests Felipe Roa-Clavijo Richard Wild The Guerilla Governance of the SPLM and UNITA: A To What Extent is UNHCR’s Intervention in Afghanistan Comparative Study on State Formation during Wartime in Shaped by Incentives in the Humanitarian Marketplace? Angola and South Sudan Matthew Willner-Reid Paula Roque Network Diplomacy: The Diplomatic Making of EU-China A Comparative Institutional Analysis of Informal Seed Relations Assistance in Eastern Ethiopia and its Implications for Qian Xia Improved Seed and Food Security in the Region Andrea Ruediger Mother Earth and Biodiversity Governance in Bolivia Carlos Ivan Zambrana Flores Migration, Development and Changing Aspirations in Rural Ethiopia Experiencing Development on China’s Frontier: The Nuosu’s Kerilyn Schewel Bridewealth Aga Zuoshi CAREERS Students from the department go on to pursue a wide range of international development careers – in international organisations, government agencies, the private sector, INGOs and social enterprises. Many also continue to further study.
On Idjwi island, Burundi Credit: Jean-Benoit Falisse, DPhil in International Development CAREERS 14
Recent ODID graduates are now working in • Luisa Enria (DPhil in International organisations as diverse as the International Labor Development, completed April 2015) is now a Organisation, Google, the Ministry of Foreign Research Fellow on the EBOVAC Sierra Leone Affairs in the Netherlands, Land O’Lakes, the project for the London School of Hygiene and planning commission of the Government of Tropical Medicine. India, Goldman Sachs, the Overseas Development • James Souter (DPhil in International Institute, Scotiabank, Refugees International and Development, completed October 2014) is the Financial Times; some have gone on to set up now a Post-Doctoral Research Fellow in the their own companies, for example investing in ‘Responsibility to Protect’ at the University of agricultural businesses in southern Africa or creating Leeds. luxury footwear in the Arab world; while others have continued to further study in fields such as • Taylor St John (DPhil in International economics, anthropology, law, education and area Development, completed April 2015) is now studies, as well as development studies itself. a Postdoctoral Research Fellow in Global Many of our doctoral students develop careers in Economic Governance at the Blavatnik School universities and research orgnanisations across the of Government at Oxford. world. Below are some examples of the positions our • Shrochis Karki (DPhil in International recent DPhil graduates have gone on to: Development, completed June 2015) is now a • Sneha Krishnan (DPhil in International consultant in the Education, Early Childhood Development, completed June 2015) is now a Development and Labour portfolio at Oxford Junior Research Fellow at St John’s College Oxford. Policy Management.
ODI Fellowship Winners
Eight ODID students were awarded Overseas Akkurt read the MPhil in Development Studies. Development Institute fellowships in 2015. The two-year Fellowships, which begin in autumn Stefanie Heerwig, Duja Michael, Nichola Kitson, 2015, place recent postgraduate economists in Melanie Graeser, Katherine Stapleton and public sector positions in developing countries. Joevas Asare all read the MSc in Economics for ODI has awarded around 50 fellowships a year in Development at ODID. Srujana Katta and Ozlem recent years.
The 2015 fellowship winners Credit: Rachel Crawford RESEARCH ODID is widely seen as one of the leading university research centres on development in the UK and in 2014 this position was formally recognised when the department came top in its field in the Research Excellence Framework.
These painted steps stand as reminder of¨ the protests at Taksim Gezi Park, in Beyoglu, Istanbul, in 2013 Credit: John Edwards, MPhil in Development Studies 2013–15 RESEARCH 16
Globally, ODID is counted among the top research centres conducting rigorous inter- and multi- Research Excellence Framework disciplinary work on developing countries and the In the 2014 Research Excellence Framework (REF), international aspects of development. ODID ranked top in its field in terms of both the quality of its research activity and the volume of its Our research is clustered around four major world-leading work. ODID also made the biggest thematic areas listed on pp 17–37 below, each submission to the REF in international development, consisting of externally funded research groups as with 47 members of staff entered. We were well as individual research projects. These themes particularly pleased to have submitted a large number of young researchers, with 20 early career reflect what the study of international development researchers entered. means in the 21st century in terms of disciplinary ODID improved on its performance in the last assess- range, global problematics and critical analysis. ment, the 2008 Research Assessment Exercise (RAE), What makes this research effort unique – certainly when we also came top. Nearly 80 per cent of our research activity was judged to be either world leading in the UK and possibly in the world – is that it or internationally excellent in the REF 2014, compared addresses the structural (economic, political, social, to 65 percent in RAE 2008. cultural, conceptual) roots of poverty and power on The REF is the official UK-wide assessment of all the one hand, and the international as well as the university research. national dimensions of development on the other. Our thematic research is embedded in, and Research Council. The diversity of our external illuminated by, the study of major regions of research funding encourages creative dialogue the developing world. This aspect of our work is with ‘users’, while preventing the ‘aid agenda’ from summarised on pp 38–44. determining our priorities. Our research income The range and depth of research at the department from external sources has more than doubled in the reflects the intellectual curiosity of its members past decade, reaching a high, but sustainable, level rather than any agenda set by the University or of close to £4 million a year – among the highest in external funders and donor agencies. Individual the Social Sciences Division. researchers and research groups exercise analytical The larger part of our research is carried out by autonomy in developing their research questions, our six research groups, which also conduct the identifying pressing developmental problems for training of early career scholars and engage with enquiry, and engaging with major analytical and research partners overseas. Their work is explained theoretical debates in relevant disciplinary fields. under the themes below. We value field experience, primary data collection, comparative research, novel methodologies and Some of our academics form part of collaborative innovative theory and analysis. research teams located elsewhere in Oxford and they also supervise doctoral students in other While emphasising academic rigour, our research departments, thus contributing to a significant engages explicitly with policy issues – albeit weaving of development studies throughout the critically and with a long-term perspective. University. We strive to contribute to better design and implementation of development policy and practice Our collaborative work in the University by both government and non-governmental encompasses Area Studies, Economics, Politics and organisations, based on sound empirical evidence International Relations, Geography, Anthropology, and a critical analytical approach, rather than being the Said Business School, and leading research swayed by geopolitical forces or donor preferences. centres, such as the Centre for the Study of African We seek to remain focussed on the interests of the Economies (CSAE), the Centre on Migration, poor and disadvantaged rather than those of rich Policy and Society (COMPAS), and the Oxford countries and wealthy people. An account of our Research Network on Government in Africa research impact appears on pp 45–50. (OReNGA). In support of our independent research agenda, we ODID academics also play key roles in numerous have had significant success in securing research international networks of research collaboration, grants from a range of different sources, including stretching from China, India and Pakistan; through UK and overseas charitable trusts, international Algeria, Morocco and Iraq; to Nigeria, Ethiopia, funding agencies, UK government and research Tanzania and Zimbabwe; and beyond to Brazil, councils, EU government sources and the European Chile, Costa Rica and Mexico. 17 OXFORD DEPARTMENT OF INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2015
RESEARCH THEMES THEME 1: ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND examining the evolution of monetary and exchange rate policy in Tanzania as the authorities INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTIONS there seek to reform and modernise the monetary Development economics has been a long- framework. This work on monetary policy – standing research strength of the department, which is due to be published later in 2015 – links with innovative work ranging from rural to two further IGC projects, the first on the poverty and enterprise technology, through exchange rate dynamics in Tanzania, and the macroeconomic policy and aid strategy, to second, which is concerned with the design of international trade and foreign investment. fiscal institutions in the putative East African This work is characterised by an emphasis on Monetary Union. This paper, which is being the testing of analytical models on primary written with colleagues from the Department empirical data. In recent years, a new focus of Economics in Oxford for the East African on the international economic institutions Community, seeks to draw key lessons from the has emerged, addressing issues of financial European experience on how the countries of governance, international taxation and the East African Community (Kenya, Uganda, environmental regulation. Tanzania, Rwanda and Burundi) should approach the design of supranational fiscal institutions as Research groups and individual researchers the EAC moves towards full monetary union, working on this theme include the following: scheduled for 2023. INTERNATIONAL GROWTH CENTRE Along with Paul Collier (BSG) and Benno Ndulu, the governor of the Bank of Tanzania, he is www.theigc.org currently finalising an edited volume on economic Funded since 2008 by UKaid/DFID, the prospects in Tanzania. Entitled Tanzania: The Path International Growth Centre is based in the to Prosperity this book is the third volume in the London School of Economics and Political Science Africa: Policies for Prosperity series from Oxford and in partnership with the University of Oxford. University Press which he edits with Paul Collier The centre has a global network of over 1,000 and is scheduled for publication in June 2016 to world-leading researchers and 15 in-country teams coincide with the 50th Anniversary of the creation in 14 states throughout Africa and South Asia. of the Bank of Tanzania. It works closely with partner governments and During the year, Christopher Adam co-edited an aims to promote sustainable growth in developing issue of the Oxford Review of Economic Policy on countries through demand-led quality research and the economics of the global food and agricultural policy advice system. Two key researchers are based in the department: Doug Gollin’s work for IGC has focussed on Christopher Adam, Lead Academic for the structural transformation and growth in African Tanzania Country Programme; and Douglas economies. As co-lead academic for Ethiopia, Gollin, Lead Academic for the Ethiopian Doug helped to organise and convene a workshop Country Programme. In addition, between April in Addis Ababa in July 2015 that brought together 2014 and March 2015 Radhika Goyal worked at a small group of leading international scholars ODID as IGC Hub Economist-Oxford focussing who are working on theoretical issues related to on Tanzania. structural transformation. The group met with Christopher Adam is currently working on a government officials and local researchers and also number of projects under the auspices of the IGC travelled to field locations to talk to farmers – both programme in Tanzania. His research includes smallholders and larger commercial producers – work on the economics of monetary and exchange and to local officials. Some members with interests rate policy in African countries in general and in in labour markets met with unemployed urban Tanzania in particular. He is currently completing youth, self-employed workers, and unskilled and a theoretical paper that seeks to explain the semi-skilled workers. Others met with factory observed weakness of the ‘monetary transmission operators and the owners of manufacturing mechanism’ in low-income economies. Key insights plants. The workshop is expected to lead to a from this work, which is joint with colleagues from number of well-developed research proposals the International Monetary Fund and Williams and to collaborative links between international College, has fed into applied work on Tanzania researchers and Ethiopian counterparts. RESEARCH 18
Doug’s work also includes a continuing engagement in the developing world as well as address some of in policy discussions within Ethiopia, particularly the most important issues related to technology around the evolving issues of structural change. and management facing public and private policy- As the Ethiopian economy continues to urbanise, makers today. how will this affect consumer demand for food? In Significant developments in 2014–15 turn, how will this affect the rural economy? Thus far, urbanisation in Ethiopia has been accompanied Diffusion of Innovation in Low Income by relatively little industrialisation. What sectors Countries (DILIC) project will drive urban employment? What policies The DILIC project has moved into its final year might affect the backward linkages from urban and, with the majority of the work completed, is growth to the agriculture sector? How can urban achieving a high level of global impact. demand better feed back into increased agricultural The Innovation and African Development productivity and reductions in rural poverty? Conference was held in Accra, Ghana, on 3–5 November 2014. The conference brought together TECHNOLOGY & MANAGEMENT nearly 100 participants including policy-makers, CENTRE FOR DEVELOPMENT academics, and practitioners from across the world www.tmd-oxford.org for presentation of the research findings from the project. Technology and management play pivotal roles in the development of nations and lifting In particular, a pioneering survey report was countries out of poverty. The Technology and launched at the conference. The DILIC survey Management Centre for Development (TMCD) report included data from more than 500 formal A jam packing aims to promote interdisciplinary research into and informal firms from across Ghana, and factory in Ghana the development of technology and management investigated the determinants of innovation in Credit: Giacomo Zanello 19 OXFORD DEPARTMENT OF INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2015
THEME 1: ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTIONS CONTINUED
firms under institutional and resource constraints, and production workers. A large amount of data and how innovation is transmitted in these has been collected to further explore the roles and contexts. It was well-received by the participants, impact of MNEs on economic development in including the Minister of Environment, Science, Africa. Technology and Innovation of the Ghanaian Meanwhile, the centre has sub-contracted an government and was featured by the Ghana Indian company, Rural Development Organisation News Agency. (RDO), to collect primary data from 2,000–2,400 In December 2014, the survey report and a video households from four states in India. Fieldwork on innovation in LICs were officially released to for the India survey started in early June. This the public. The video presents a range of policy- case study in India employs a sophisticated makers, academics and entrepreneurs discussing survey framework and will measure the impact of the nature of innovation, its importance to the sanitation on the health and income generation development process, and the role governments capacity of rural citizens. can play in encouraging it. TMCD will host the next MNEmerge project Additionally, presentations and talks on the study group meeting from 14–16 October in Oxford. were given at high-level public and professional Research groups from all of the project partner events during 2014–15. Xiaolan Fu addressed institutions will participate in the meeting to a UN General Assembly meeting on ‘Fostering discuss recent and future progress. Science Technology & Innovation’ in The Role of Internationalisation on New York in December 2014, where she told Technological Capability-Upgrading in delegates that development of technological Developing Countries and innovation capabilities should be a priority of the post-2015 development agenda. In April This British Academy-funded project, which was 2015, the UN Development Cooperation Forum completed in September 2014, explored how the (DCF) High-level Symposium invited her to internationalisation of enterprises influences share expertise on how technology facilitation technological capacities. The end-of-project report and capacity building can best be advanced and has been submitted to the British Academy and what role they can play in helping achieve global five papers have been or are due to be published development goals. in the Economist, academic journals and as book chapters. On 2 November, a high-level end of project DILIC conference will be co-organised with the DFID- Events ESRC Growth Research Programme (DEGRP) TMCD has also been involved in the organisation at the Overseas Development Institute (ODI) of a number of conferences and activities this in London. This event is the culmination of the year, including the 8th Annual Conference for the three-year research project on the determinants Academy of Innovation and Entrepreneurship and impact of technology transfer in and to (AIE) in August in Toronto, Canada, the 6th low-income countries, funded by ESRC-DFID Biennial Conference on Transition and Economic and supported by UNCTAD and the Ghanaian Development (TED) in September in Shanghai, government. It aims to present the latest research China, and the ‘Oxford-Cambridge Hundred findings and invite world-renowned experts to PhDs Entrepreneurship in China Programme’ this share state of the art knowledge in the field of autumn in China. innovation in low-income countries. Research Collaboration MNEmerge project: MNEs and Global TMCD has been seeking to expand its research Development collaboration network. Research projects on TMCD researchers Jun Hou and Serena Masino the valuation of technology and explaining successfully completed the first round of fieldwork innovativeness of researchers to be funded by in Ghana between March and June 2015. During Huawei is underway. TMCD is also discussing this round of fieldwork, over 240 interviews were collaboration with Alibaba together with conducted among eight multinationals (MNEs) other departments of the University. TMCD’s from China and western countries across different collaborative research with Alibaba will focus sectors. The interviews were carried out at on women entrepreneurs, e-business and individual level among managerial, administrative development. RESEARCH 20
Staff as of 31 July 2015: projections of diplomatic power. Xiaolan Fu, Founding Director Michael Bloomfield Jun Hou, Research Officer, DILIC & MNEmerge Michael John Bloomfield’s current research projects focusses on business power and agency in global Serena Masino, Research Officer, MNEmerge project governance with a special focus on the politics Shaheen Akter, Survey Manager, MNEmerge project Zifu Wang, Project Coordinator of global supply chains. His work concentrates on the power relations between actors involved INDIVIDUAL RESEARCH in the production and consumption of global commodities, from gold to tea, and the impacts Christopher Adam of these power relations on industry practices Christopher Adam is currently completing and the communities in which they take place. and extending two theoretical papers under He has recently completed a book explaining the IMF-DFID programme on the economics why we are seeing an expansion of retailer of low-income countries. The first, with engagement in global environmental politics and Steve O’Connell (Swarthmore), Peter Montiel addressing the impacts of this larger role. He finds (Williams College), Grace Bin Li and Andy that a combination of learning and leadership Berg (both IMF) is a theoretical analysis of can account for this expansion, as activists and the effectiveness of the monetary policy proactive corporate executives continue to drive transmission mechanism in low-income the process forward. Additionally, he is currently countries. The second, with David Bevan working on a second book on the political (emeritus fellow, St John’s College), is an economy of tea. Stemming from his preliminary examination of the relationship between public fieldwork in Sri Lanka, this project explores how investment and growth when there are few tax business actors and interests associated with the instruments at the government’s disposal and production and consumption of this household where public investment entails substantial commodity have shaped the development recurrent costs which may be difficult to recoup trajectory of the region. Through comparison through user charges or other appropriation with other tea-producing regions, this research mechanisms. A first paper based on the Adam- has also allowed him to explore questions such Bevan work was published in 2015 in the as the impact of South-South trade on social and Journal of African Economies, and a policy-focussed environmental performance. paper was prepared for the Ministry of Finance and Bank of Uganda to help these institutions Stefano Caria consider their public investment strategies in Stefano Caria has completed two artefactual anticipation of the development of the oil sector in field experiments in urban Ethiopia and rural Uganda. Christopher Adam and David Bevan have India testing influential theories of network started to apply the same insights and model to formation (in joint work with Marcel Fafchamps). examine disaster risk insurance and public capital A central finding is that while, as predicted by rebuilding in the wake of natural disasters in small theory, individuals often connect to players in low-income economies. (For his work with the advantageous positions in the network, these International Growth Centre, see pp 17–18.) strategies are chosen too infrequently to guarantee the overall efficiency of the network. Corneliu Bjola Corneliu Bjola’s research interests lie at the Stefano has also worked on a randomised control intersection of diplomatic studies, negotiation trial of three interventions that assist young theory, international ethics, and crisis management. job seekers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, to find His most recent publications include Secret permanent employment. Participants are offered Diplomacy: Concepts, Contexts and Cases (co- one of the following interventions: a weekly edited with Stuart Murray, Routledge 2016), transport voucher that covers the cost of travelling Digital Diplomacy: Theory and Practice (co-edited to the centre of the city to search for work; a with Marcus Holmes, Routledge 2015), and series of personnel selection tests that certify the Understanding International Diplomacy: Theory, possession of skills that employers value, and; an Practice and Ethics (co-authored with Markus invitation to a job fair. Endline data collection for Kornprobst, Routledge 2013). His current research this project is about to be completed and results focusses on the role of symbolic representations as will be available in autumn 2015. 21 OXFORD DEPARTMENT OF INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2015
THEME 1: ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTIONS CONTINUED
Stefano has also worked on a field experiment and significant correlation between the intensity of testing the accuracy of employers’ beliefs about mothers’ religious practice and their participation worker trustworthiness (in joint work with in decisions concerning daughters’ education. Paolo Falco). Stefano is currently designing a This result is mainly observed for poorly- or non- new experiment to further understand biases in educated women, which suggests that religion employers’ belief and how these influence the acts as a substitute (or a compensating factor) functioning of labour markets. for education (the more educated the mother the more likely she is to be involved in decisions). She Imane Chaara argues that, in the Moroccan context, the existence Imane Chaara is currently involved in a project of religious movements that are socially influential on household decision-making processes. She may drive her main results. This assertion is based focusses on the participation of women in on an analysis of the social action and the discourse decisions concerning their children’s education of these movements about the role of women and investigates the possible relationship between in the private sphere and society and about the the religiosity of mothers and their involvement importance of education. In order to refine her in education decisions. This is particularly analysis, she recently interviewed several actors interesting given that she has found that when in Moroccan society, mainly women members of mothers participate in decisions, girls are less likely A job fair in religious associations/organisations. Addis Ababa, to drop out of school after primary education in co-organised by urban areas and they are more likely to attend Douglas Gollin Stefano Caria as part of his primary school in rural areas. Using first-hand data Douglas Gollin’s research focusses on sectoral and research collected in Morocco in 2008, she finds a positive spatial patterns of development, with a particular Credit: Stefano Caria RESEARCH 22
interest in the links between agriculture and other research engagement with the political economy sectors of the economy. His work includes of the Middle East. He has been compiling new models of structural transformation and growth; data on politically connected businesses in Egypt macro analysis of transportation and transaction and Tunisia and matching them with sectoral data costs; measurement of agricultural productivity on tariffs and non-tariff barriers. Together, these at the farm and sector level; and studies of rural- datasets will make it possible to probe whether urban linkages in developing economies. One sectors with a greater presence of political ‘cronies’ current project is a study, joint with Martina are more vulnerable to trade policy capture. He Kirchberger (Columbia University) and David also organised a two-day international conference Lagakos (University of California at San Diego), in Oxford on crony capitalism in the Middle East. of differences in living standards across space Jointly organised with the Cairo-based Economic and their connections to population movements. Research Forum, the conference attracted 30 Another current project focusses on the role leading scholars in the field from the Middle East, of export cash crops in shaping structural Europe and North America. Lant Prichett from transformation in open economies. Douglas Harvard University delivered the keynote speech. Gollin also has an active interest in agricultural technologies and technology adoption. As Chair Diego Sanchez-Ancochea of the Standing Panel on Impact Assessment of the Diego Sanchez-Ancochea’s current research CGIAR, he has overseen the testing of innovative focusses on the challenges to, and opportunities methods for collecting data on technology for, improving income distribution in the adoption at the farm level, including the genetic periphery. Using a comparative political economy analysis of crop varieties. His research currently approach and relying heavily on Costa Rica’s is concentrated in Ethiopia, Ghana, and Uganda, successful development experience, his research although a number of his projects are global explores different dimensions of inequality. The in nature. (For his work with the International most important strand of his research is a joint Growth Centre, see pp 17–18.) project with Juliana Martinez Franzoni on the determinants of universalism in the periphery. Adeel Malik Although creating a universal social policy in Adeel Malik’s research this year has focussed the South may seem an impossible task, some mainly on a project on religion and political countries, such as Costa Rica have succeeded. economy, as part of which he has studied the How was that possible? What policy lessons can interplay between religious authority, land be drawn? Through a case study of Costa Rica inequality and political power in Pakistani Punjab. After more than a year of data collection, he and and a comparison with other small countries, co-researcher Rinchan Mirza compiled a unique they highlight the role of macro-political factors database on the universe of Sufi shrines across the (democracy), policy agents (techno-pols) and length and breadth of Punjab. Complementing the policy architecture. They are now extending this with historical information from British-era some of this research to countries in the South District Gazetteers and contemporary political with worse institutional pre-conditions, including data, they investigated the impact of shrine El Salvador, Guatemala and Nicaragua. Another concentration on development outcomes. The aspect of his work considers the interactions results emphasise a particularly robust negative between social policy and the economic model, effect of shrines in riverine regions on current developing the concepts of market and social literacy rates. They argue that the greater incorporation. This work highlights the role of presence of shrines in riverine tehsils produces structural heterogeneity – i.e. sharp productivity a confluence of three resources – religion, land differences between leading sectors and the rest and politics – that together constitute a powerful of the economy – in increasing inequality and structural inequality with potentially adverse also making social policies more difficult to consequences for development. Results suggest implement. Countries must find ways to upgrade that this negative effect of riverine shrines on their high-productivity sectors but also improve literacy is primarily mediated through politics, the capabilities and productive capacity of low- and that shrines considered important in the productivity ones. Yet this is a difficult task as colonial era are more likely to select into politics a result of external constraints and political in post-partition Punjab. He also continued his shortcomings. 23 OXFORD DEPARTMENT OF INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2015
THEME 2: MIGRATION AND REFUGEES word poetry, theatre and a panel discussion as IN A GLOBAL CONTEXT a way of exploring the varied and multifaceted experiences of those around the world who have Although the integration of global markets moved from home to make a new life elsewhere. now permits free movement of capital, goods Data analysis continued for the project Mobility in and services, the same is not true of people. the African Great Lakes (funded by the MacArthur Migration in its various forms has become a Foundation), which formally finished in 2014. As central feature of international development in the initial results of the project have been shared in its economic, political, legal, social and cultural conferences and seminars, it attracted the attention dimensions. Oxford now leads the world in of the US Special Envoy to the Great Lakes, Russell research on this vital subject. Feingold, who visited IMI to discuss results The department has recognised strength in in February 2015, and later delivered a special the fields of refugee studies – including forced seminar in ODID on his experience in the region. migration and internal displacement – in a world Our project partners in Makere University, Uganda, where almost all refugees come from developing the Refugee Law Project, have produced a short countries; and in the analysis, modelling and film encapsulating some of the project findings understanding of international migration flows which will be released in the autumn. both between developing and developed In the autumn of 2014, IMI was approached by countries, and within developing regions the West Africa team from the Migration and themselves. Development Global Programme of the Swiss Research groups working on this theme include Agency for Cooperation and Development the following: (SDC), attracted by our research on migration and development in Africa. Drawing on our INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION previous experience of organising workshops INSTITUTE drawing together African migration scholars, IMI agreed to provide advice and support to a series of www.imi.ox.ac.uk workshops on migration and development funded The International Migration Institute (IMI) is by SDC and organised by Laboratoire d’Etudes et committed to developing a long-term and forward- de Recherche sur les Dynamiques Sociales et le looking perspective on international migration Développement Local (LASDEL) based in Niger as part of global change. It aims to advance and Benin. IMI Research Officer Marie-Laurence understanding of how migration shapes and is Flahaux joined the first of these workshops in shaped by broader development processes. June 2015. Oliver Bakewell, IMI Co-Director, was Significant developments in 2014–15 invited to speak at a regional workshop for SDC, governments and civil society organisations on During the summer of 2014, Oliver Bakewell and development and mobility. IMI’s collaboration Naluwembe Binaisa undertook research in Lusaka, with SDC will continue in 2015/16 as we have Zambia, and Kampala, Uganda, respectively, for just started a new project investigating the family the project African Diasporas within Africa. They strategies of migrants in Ouagadougou, the capital interviewed Anglophone and Francophone West of Burkina Faso. Using existing and new survey Africans and Somalis, exploring the different data and in-depth interviews, this study will ways that these groups have settled in these two explore the conditions under which both internal cities. This project is part of the Oxford Diasporas and international migrants decide to bring their Programme (ODP), funded by the Leverhulme families to join them in the city. Trust and led by Robin Cohen. This is now in its final year and during 2015, the project teams have Two new projects were launched in the first quarter focussed on writing up findings and presentations of 2015. IMI recruited two Marie Curie Fellows, for a major public event at the Royal Geographical Marieke van Houte and Ali R. Chaudhary, to Society in London in September 2015. ODP explore how migrants’ transnational action can and IMI earlier held a one-day art exhibition in affect political conditions in the country of origin November 2014, titled Doh Mix Meh Up, curated – sometimes referred to as political remittances. by Sunil Shah. This successful event brought This is part of Transnational Migration, Citizenship together artist works, photography, film, spoken and the Circulation of Rights and Responsibilities RESEARCH 24
(TRANSMIC), a three-year international release in September 2015. collaborative project co-ordinated by Maastricht The end of 2014 also saw the formal completion University. Training of researchers is a major of the four-year Determinants of International component of the project and IMI ran the initial Migration (DEMIG) project, led by Hein de Haas week-long workshop for research in January 2015. with a grant from the European Research Council. The MobileWelfare project is funded by the In September 2014, the project team convened NORFACE programme on Welfare State a three-day, interdisciplinary conference. This Futures and is coordinated by the Netherlands brought together 65 early career and established Interdisciplinary Demographic Institute (NIDI), migration researchers to discuss empirical and with other partners in Poland and Portugal. The theoretical research on the role of states and project aims to understand the role of welfare policies in migration processes. A major part of the systems in destination and origin countries in project has been the construction of unique and shaping migration patterns. Within this project, ground-breaking survey and macro-level databases the focus of IMI’s research is on how perceptions on migration flows and migration policies. These of welfare provision shape people’s aspirations and databases represent the most comprehensive decisions about migration. The three-year project is collection of international migration flow data to still in its inception phase and plans are being laid date and have resulted in collaborations with the for fieldwork in the coming year. World Bank and OECD in jointly developing new global migration databases. A large volume of this This project builds on some of the research data has been prepared for publication on the IMI conducted in THEMIS, the previous NORFACE website from September 2015. project led by IMI. This ended early in 2014, but during this year, the project team from IMI has been collaborating with the International Oxford, Lisbon, Rotterdam and Oslo have been Centre for Migration Policy Development collaborating on a book manuscript which was (ICMPD) on the research component of a major completed in May 2015. This volume, Beyond programme on Migrants in Countries in Crisis Networks: Feedback in International Migration, (MICIC) funded by the EC. Oliver Bakewell has will be published by Palgrave in the autumn of participated in two consultative workshops and An art installation 2015. IMI has also been preparing the archive of in the coming year, IMI will be working on four on the coast of Benin data from this project in preparation for its public African case studies in partnership with ICMPD Credit: Oliver Bakewell 25 OXFORD DEPARTMENT OF INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2015
THEME 2: MIGRATION AND REFUGEES IN A GLOBAL CONTEXT CONTINUED
and researchers in the regions. Hein de Haas, Co-Director and Associate Professor in Migration Studies IMI received funding from the John Fell Fund for Evelyn Ersanilli, Departmental Lecturer in Migration a 12-month post on the International Migration Studies of Medical Doctors project, led by Mathias Czaika Zoe Falk, Administrative Assistant with Yasser Moullan. The project aims to further Marie-Laurence Flahaux, Research Officer our knowledge of the impact of immigration Dominique Jolivet, Research Assistant policies on the international migration of medical Ingrid Locatelli, Project Coordinator doctors. The project is compiling a dataset on the Yasser Moullan, Research Officer international migration of medical doctors into Jenny Peebles, Communications and Outreach Officer 20 destination countries between 1990 until 2012 (Maternity Cover) which will provide the basis for an in depth analysis Marieke van Houte, Marie Curie Research Fellow of the dynamics and determining factors of these movements. In particular, the project aims to REFUGEE STUDIES CENTRE explore the role of migration policies with a special www.rsc.ox.ac.uk emphasis of diploma recognition regulations as the assumed key obstacle in the international mobility The Refugee Studies Centre is a multidisciplinary of doctors. teaching and research centre. Established in 1982, it has won an international reputation as the The Sloan Foundation granted a no-cost extension leading centre for research and teaching on forced for the Drivers and Dynamics of High-Skilled migration, work which embraces a commitment Migration project led by Mathias Czaika. A project to improving the lives and circumstances of forced workshop was held at the Oxford Martin School migrants. The RSC has not only contributed in October 2014, which brought together an to the study of forced migration: its members interdisciplinary group of migration policy experts have established the academic discipline, and to explore the impact and effectiveness of migration continue to shape its contours and direction. It policy in attracting and retaining high-skilled is the longest-standing centre for refugee studies migrants. In 2015, the project has produced five in the world, and remains unique in its range of working papers of which most are currently under multi-disciplinary activities, bringing together a review for journal publication. In addition, Mathias core staff of distinguished academics from varied Czaika is editing a comprehensive volume entitled disciplinary backgrounds, such as anthropology, High-skilled Migration: Drivers, Dynamics and law, international relations, and politics. Policies, which includes two chapters summarising major project data and outcomes. Research Mathias Czaika was awarded a six-month no-cost Our aim is to present rigorous scholarship, extension by the British Academy to Effective focussing on the causes and consequences of forced policies in the global race for talent: a comparative migration. Our core academics have the scholarly analysis of Brazil and India. The latter project is independence and freedom to create their own led jointly with the OECD’s Lucie Cerna. Current academic identity, to carry out their own research activities are focussing on the compilation of about agendas, and to lead dynamic, externally funded 40 expert interviews in India, Brazil and Malaysia research projects. We are currently developing a (which was added to this comparative study) with number of research programmes: key officials, scholars, journalists, businessmen etc. • Enhancing protection for refugees from Syria: exploring public discourses and policy-making exploring the drivers, lived experience, and activities in these emerging economies with regard political economy of responses to refugees from to skill shortages, ‘brain drain’, and respective Syria within Jordan, Lebanon, and Turkey. policies reversing this trend. • Humanitarian innovation and technology: Staff as of 31 July 2015: critically examining the present and historical role Oliver Bakewell, Co-Director and Associate Professor of innovation, technology, and the private sector Julien Brachet, Marie Curie Senior Research Fellow within humanitarian assistance. Ali Chaudhary, Marie Curie Research Fellow Robin Cohen, Emeritus Professor of • Deportation, expulsion and banishment: Development Studies and Former Director, IMI focussing on the historical evolution of the Mathias Czaika, Senior Research Officer practice of deportation within liberal states. RESEARCH 26
• Refugee status determination: undertaking also convened the Humanitarian Innovation socio-legal research that critically examines the Conference – see below for details. process of refugee status determination, with a The RSC website provides access to all research focus on Europe. outputs, podcasts, videos, publications, RSC • Rethinking resettlement: looking at refugee news and events. We are active on social media, resettlement’s historical, political, economic, and particularly Twitter and Facebook. ethical dimensions; and seeking to assess the role of resettlement in the global refugee regime. Significant developments in 2014–15 Media impact on the Mediterranean crisis • Refugee economies in Africa: exploring the economic lives of refugees, and the relationship RSC staff were actively sought out by the media between development and forced displacement, for an informed and objective voice on this year’s based on comparative data collection in Uganda refugee and migrant crisis in the Mediterranean and Kenya. and beyond. Alexander Betts wrote for The Guardian, appeared on BBC World News, CNN’s Studying and learning Amanpour and Al Jazeera’s Inside Story. He was The RSC’s academic staff provide teaching interviewed for The Washington Post, the New York across a range of courses. The MSc in Refugee Times and Deutsche Welle. Dawn Chatty appeared and Forced Migration Studies offers core on Al Jazeera America, CBC Radio’s The Sunday modules across diverse disciplines plus a series Show and the BBC’s The Big Questions, while of multi-disciplinary options courses (see pp Cathryn Costello was interviewed by BBC News 7–8). In addition, we run an annual three-week and The Guardian. We continue to engage with International Summer School in Forced Migration and inform the public and media, providing an for around 70 students, mainly practitioners independent and authoritative voice to a debate from around the world, as well as a range of short that is both politically and emotionally charged. courses. Recent courses include: Health and Humanitarian Innovation Conference 2015 Humanitarian Response in Complex Emergencies; In July 2015, the RSC’s Humanitarian Innovation Palestine Refugees and International Law; and Project held the 2015 Humanitarian Innovation Statelessness and International Law. All of our Conference, in partnership with the World permanent staff supervise DPhil and MPhil Humanitarian Summit. The conference theme students from ODID and other departments. was ‘facilitating innovation’, and in particular how Outreach we enable innovation by and for crisis-affected Centre staff actively engage with a range of communities. The conference was a sell-out, with international organisations, governments, media, 250 people attending, and a heavy social media NGOs, businesses, and community-based presence with the hashtag #HIP2015. Speakers organisations in order to improve policy, practice, included Raouf Mazou (UNHCR Representative and public debate. The RSC’s portfolio of outputs in Kenya), Sara Pantuliano (Humanitarian Policy includes Forced Migration Review, the centre’s Group, ODI), Per Heggenes (IKEA Foundation), flagship publication and the most widely read and Niels Harild (World Bank), amongst many publication on forced migration. This year we are others. The conference also included a series of launching a new ‘Research in Brief’ series to make interactive workshops on innovation and design; our academic research accessible to policy-makers, and the HIP2015 Innovation Lab provided hands- practitioners, and the public. Initial topics include on, interactive sessions. the Mediterranean crisis, Eritrean refugees, and RSC contributions to international policy refugee economies. processes The centre convenes an array of workshops, In 2014–15, RSC staff have played an active seminars, and conferences. These include the role in the Solutions Alliance on development weekly public seminar series, which this year and displacement, the Nansen Initiative on covered themes such as ‘global refugee policy’ displacement in the context of natural disasters, and ‘the history of refuge’. This year’s Annual and the World Humanitarian Summit. Taking the Harrell-Bond Lecture was given by HRH Princess latter as an example, a recent RSC workshop on Basma bint Talal of Jordan. Miriam Ticktin Ethics and Principles for Humanitarian Innovation gave the Annual Elizabeth Colson Lecture. We and a new report on Refugee Innovation, published 27 OXFORD DEPARTMENT OF INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2015
THEME 2: MIGRATION AND REFUGEES IN A GLOBAL CONTEXT CONTINUED
in July 2015, will both contribute directly to the Sharon Ellis, Assistant, Forced Migration Review World Humanitarian Summit. Matthew J Gibney, Elizabeth Colson Professor of Politics and Forced Migration and Deputy Director Engagement in the region Tara Sienna-Hartman, Acting Summer School and We believe that engaging with the communities Outreach Event Coordinator with which we work is essential. Reflecting this, Maurice Herson, Co-Editor, Forced Migration Review we held launch events in Nairobi and Kampala Will Jones, Visiting Lecturer to present our Refugee Economies findings, and Tamsin Kelk, Communications and Information Coordinator a workshop in Johannesburg for our research Gil Loescher, Visiting Professor on Zimbabwean refugee diaspora. We also held Andonis Marden, Promotion and Finance Assistant, our short course on Palestine Refugees and Forced Migration Review International Law in both Amman and Beirut. Kirsten McConnachie, Joyce Pearce Junior Research Staff as of 31 July 2015: Fellow Laurence Medley, Accounts Officer Alexander Betts, Leopold Muller Professor of Refugee and Forced Migration Studies and Director Naohiko Omata, Senior Research Officer, Humanitarian Innovation Project Louise Bloom, Research Officer, Humanitarian Innovation Project Andrea Smith, Postgraduate Courses Coordinator Anneli Chambliss-Howes, Centre Administrator Nina Elizabeth Weaver, Project Coordinator, Humanitarian Innovation Project Dawn Chatty, Professor of Anthropology and Forced Roger Zetter, Emeritus Professor A decorated Migration caravan, home to Cathryn Costello, Andrew W Mellon Associate Oxford Associates a Syrian refugee Professor of International Human Rights and Refugee Renee Hirschon, Senior Research Fellow, St Peter’s living in Za’atari Law College refugee camp, Marion Couldrey, Co-Editor, Forced Migration Review Jordan Nick Van Hear, Senior Researcher and Deputy Director, Credit: Louise Bloom COMPAS RESEARCH 28
Refugee youth group at the radio station they built and run in Nakivale refugee settlement, Uganda. Credit: RSC/L Bloom 29 OXFORD DEPARTMENT OF INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2015
THEME 3: HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, OPHI’s work is grounded in Amartya Sen’s POVERTY AND CHILDREN capability approach, and seeks to create empirical tools to reduce capability poverty. These include Human development – beyond per capita multidimensional measures of poverty, well-being income, through health and education, to and inequality, and surveys to capture the ‘missing’ enabling productive, creative and autonomous dimensions of poverty data. lives – has been a core theme for the Significant developments in 2014–15 department since the pioneering work of Paul 2015 is the fifth anniversary of the Global Streeten (QEH Director 1971–78) and Frances Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI), an Stewart (Director 1994–2004). international measure of acute poverty covering ODID faculty have participated in design, more than 100 developing countries. The Global methodology and research for the UNDP’s MPI has been estimated by OPHI and published flagshipHuman Development Report since in the United Nations Development Programme’s its foundation in 1990. Building human Human Development Reports since 2010. OPHI capabilities necessarily starts with children, so launched the largest-ever annual updates of the the department also has a tradition of research Global MPI in June 2015, in addition to interim collaboration with UNICEF. updates in January 2015. Research groups working on this theme include The Global MPI is constructed using the Alkire the following: Foster (AF) method, a way of measuring multidimensional poverty developed by OPHI THE OXFORD POVERTY AND HUMAN Director Sabina Alkire and Research Associate DEVELOPMENT INITIATIVE James Foster. The MPI reflects the simultaneous www.ophi.org.uk deprivations poor people experience in ten different aspects of life, including nutrition, child mortality, The Oxford Poverty and Human Development schooling, water, sanitation, assets and cooking Initiative (OPHI) aims to build and advance a fuel. If people are deprived in at least one-third of more systematic methodological and economic these weighted indicators, they are identified as framework for reducing multidimensional poverty, multidimensionally poor. grounded in people’s experiences and values. In 2015, the Global MPI was updated for 32 Established in 2007, the OPHI team has worked to countries and 6 new countries have been added to Theatre develop practical measures of multidimensional company Justice the list of those last reported in 2014. In total, the in Motion poverty and to improve poverty data. Its work Global MPI now covers 101 developing countries, performing at spans methodological research, the design of the LiveFriday using data ranging from 2005 to 2014. These event national statistics, and discussions on the post-2015 countries are home to 75 per cent of the world’s Credit: John Cairns development agenda. population – 5.2 billion people. To mark the five- year anniversary of the Global MPI, OPHI released the complete set of 217 estimations in 117 countries that have been published since 2010. In addition, OPHI has produced a wide range of policy briefings and web resources on the Global MPI, including an interactive databank. OPHI acts as Secretariat for the Multidimensional Poverty Peer Network (MPPN), a group of more than 40 governments and institutions that promotes the use of national multidimensional poverty measures. The third annual meeting of the MPPN took place from 2–3 June 2015 in Cartagena, Colombia, bringing together more than 100 policy-makers and senior officials to discuss and share experiences of multidimensional poverty measurement. The event was hosted by President Juan Manuel Santos who provided a keynote address, and the Government of Colombia. RESEARCH 30
In a communiqué released after the meeting, the included Selim Jahan, Director of the UNDP MPPN and OPHI call for an improved Global Human Development Report Office, and Nandini Multidimensional Poverty Index (the MPI 2015+) Gooptu, Brian Nolan, Max Roser and Frances to be included in the Sustainable Development Stewart from the University of Oxford. The event Goals (SDGs) as an indicator of progress towards also featured a specially-commissioned play by poverty reduction in the post-2015 development Oxford-based theatre company Justice in Motion, agenda. An MPI has been proposed as a measure of exploring the multidimensional layers of poverty. Target 1.2, related to poverty in all its dimensions. In addition, the play was performed at the A growing number of countries are using the AF Ashmolean Museum’s Live Friday: Social Animals method to design their own multidimensional event on 15 May 2015, bringing the concept of poverty measures to shape social policies or inform multidimensional poverty to a public audience. the targeting of anti-poverty programmes (see OPHI continues to publish a working paper series case study on p 48), with the governments of Chile and research in progress series, as well as a regular and Ho Chi Minh City in Vietnam both launching e-newsletter, research and policy briefings and an official measures in the past year. interactive databank. Our Online Training Portal Findings from an OPHI working paper – provides a thorough conceptual and technical presenting a multidimensional index of poverty introduction to multidimensional poverty (MPI) for 17 Latin American countries – formed measurement, and includes freely accessible videos, a prominent chapter in ‘Social Panorama of Latin lecture slides, exercises and reading lists. America 2014’, a report published by the Economic Staff as of 31 July 2015: Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean Full-time (ECLAC) in January 2015. The MPI for Latin Sabina Alkire, Director America was calculated jointly by ECLAC and Claire Battye, Research Communications Officer OPHI. Adriana Conconi, Lead Consultant Researcher Natasha Francis, Project Assistant OPHI provides extensive technical assistance to John Hammock, Senior Academic Visitor government technical staff, ministers and policy- Cai Heath, Project Coordinator makers to support their design and use of rigorous Bouba Housseini, Research Officer multidimensional poverty measures. OPHI’s Christoph Jindra, Research Officer outreach work has included many seminars and Gisela Robles Aguilar, Research Officer Yangyang Shen, Academic Visitor training sessions. OPHI also organises two-week Ana Vaz, Lead Consultant Researcher intensive summer schools in different regions of the world, training members of national statistics Part-time or occasional Mauricio Apablaza, Outreach Consultant offices, international agencies and universities Fedora Carbajal, Outreach Consultant (it trained more than 60 professionals from 34 Mihika Chatterjee, Consultant Researcher countries at its 2014 course in Oxford). The Paddy Coulter, Communications Director (consultant) 2015 summer school took place in August at Heidi Fletcher, Web Manager Georgetown University in Washington DC. Santiago Izquerdo, Consultant Researcher Usha Kanagaratnam, Consultant Researcher In June 2015, OPHI published an academic Maarit Kivilo, Publications Officer (casual) monograph with Oxford University Press on Saite Lu, Consultant Researcher Multidimensional Poverty Measurement & Franziska Mager, Policy Officer (casual) Christian Oldiges, Consultant Researcher Analysis. The book provides an in-depth account Monica Pinilla, Outreach Consultant of multidimensional poverty comparison Felipe Roa-Clavijo, Administration & Outreach methodologies, with a particular focus on the Assistant (casual) AF method. The authors presented the book at Matthew Robson, Consultant Researcher nine universities across the UK and Europe and Diego Zavaleta, Outreach Consultant interest has been strong. OPHI has also created a Julia Zulver, Outreach Assistant website for the book where chapters are available Research Associates electronically, alongside study and teaching Kim Samuel James Foster resources. Maria Emma Santos OPHI hosted an event in Oxford on 22 June Jose Manuel Roche 2015 to combine the launch of the book and the Paola Ballón Gaston Yalonetzky launch of the Global MPI 2015. Guest contributors 31 OXFORD DEPARTMENT OF INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2015
THEME 3: HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, POVERTY AND CHILDREN CONTINUED
YOUNG LIVES: AN INTERNATIONAL at events in each of the four study countries, and STUDY OF CHILDHOOD POVERTY at international launch events in Delhi, New York www.younglives.org.uk and London. We are now preparing the survey data to be deposited in the UK Data Archive (in Young Lives is a 15-year study of childhood early 2016) and in early 2015 we started planning poverty following the lives of 12,000 children in and development of the survey instruments for the Ethiopia, India, Peru and Vietnam from infancy to Round 5 survey due to take place in late 2016. adolescence. The study coincides with the time- frame of the Millennium Development Goals Our findings from our last round highlight the (MDGs) to provide evidence and policy advice on following; the most effective ways to tackle child poverty. While we have seen child poverty falling during the 15 years of the MDGs, entrenched poverty remains. Publications Macro-economic growth has raised children’s Young Lives evidence now demonstrates the material circumstances and access to services has effects of inequalities over time from birth and improved. There have been child development gains, early childhood to outcomes at age 12 and age 19. and in some contexts for the poorest groups. But Our most recent publications strongly reflect our despite economic growth, levels of malnutrition priority topics (education, nutrition and gender and stunting remain high, inequality is becoming and adolescence) as well as the three core narratives entrenched, and the poorest children continue to emerging from our research: how inequalities live in precarious conditions, often with poor quality develop over the life-course, how the environment services. Social protection can make a difference but for children is changing, and what matters at what the coverage of many programmes is low and the age for children over their life-course. In 2014–15, value of payments is small. The big challenges for we published the second book in our series with the SDGs are to develop the social protection floor Palgrave Macmillan: Growing Up In Poverty, to reduce poverty and to support other services, to edited by Jo Boyden and Michael Bourdillon, improve service quality and effectiveness, and to and published 24 articles in journals as diverse as ensure equity in the context of the growing trend BMC Pediatrics, Children and Society, Economic towards private provision. Development and Cultural Change, Global Public Health, Health Policy and Planning, International There is an active mismatch between education Journal of Educational Development, International aspirations and children’s opportunities and Journal of Social Research Methodology, Journal outcomes. The educational and occupational of Development Economics, Oxford Review of aspirations of children and their parents are Education, The Quarterly Review of Economics and extremely high in our study countries. School Finance, and The World Bank Research Observer. enrolment has increased and attendance also We were also pleased to work with Oxfam GB to remains high. But children’s pathways through produce a set of maths teaching resources based on schooling are highly variable and dynamic and not the real-life data about the Young Lives children just determined by school itself. Decisions about for Key Stage 2 (Everyone Counts). A second set of remaining in school are shaped not just by the cross-curricular resources for Key Stage 3 (Even It quality of school, but also by wider opportunities Up!) will be published in autumn 2015 (see p 49 for and demands on children, and their opportunities further information). and choices are often highly constrained. The experiences of our Older Cohort shows that as Findings from our Round 4 survey children grow up there is growing disenchantment Now, as the MDGs come to an end and the with schooling and concern about limited international community moves towards adopting employment opportunities. the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), Young To tackle the global crisis in learning you must start Lives aims to shape thinking and inform responses with the schools and other services accessed by the to child poverty and to contribute to the ‘no one left poorest children. Our evidence clearly shows across behind’ agenda of these SDGs. countries that the poorest children are falling behind In 2013 to 2014 we carried out the fourth round of even before they enter school. Early childhood our survey of the children at age 12 (the Younger services are a crucial pro-poor intervention but Cohort) and 18 (the Older Cohort). Preliminary the poorest children often experience the poorest findings from the Round 4 survey were launched services or none at all. At primary level, some RESEARCH 32
school systems are more equalising than others. marriages were still being reported below the legal There is no single formula for improving school marriage age of 18. At age 19, young women in effectiveness, but teacher activity and teaching rural Andhra Pradesh and Telangana were more quality matter in all contexts. During primary than twice as likely to have become mothers as school, Vietnamese children made about twice young women in the urban sample (24% compared as much progress on cognitive tests per year as with 11%). in Peru and Andhra Pradesh/Telangana in India. Working with international agencies Further analysis finds no evidence of school- With each new round of data we are seeing based discrimination in Vietnam, but in Peru, increasing interest from external organisations in poorer or minority children were learning less the Young Lives dataset. In the past 12 months, the than other children in the same schools. Young Lives team was commissioned by UNDP In terms of nutrition ‘Early is best but it’s to produce a background paper on life-course never too late’. Our evidence confirms that approaches to understanding vulnerabilities among the ‘first 1000 days’ of life are key for children’s youth for the 2014 Human Development Report. development, but we also see that some children We continue to build strong connections with who were malnourished during early childhood UNICEF. We are providing data and analysis for catch up in their growth later on, while other the Multi-country Study on the Drivers of Violence children’s growth falters. This dynamism has Affecting Children and collaborated with the important implications for their cognitive UNICEF Office of Research to convene a meeting development, learning and psychosocial well- of international cohort and longitudinal studies being, all of which are associated with nutritional which led to the founding of a Global Longitudinal status and growth. It points to the importance Research Initiative. Young Lives is also a member of both preventative and remedial solutions in of a Coalition ‘Working to End Child Poverty’ led relation to WASH (water, sanitation and hygiene), by UNICEF and Save the Children, and including poverty alleviation (cash transfers), and school many child-focussed organisations such as the feeding programmes. Analysis of Round 4 African Child Policy Forum, ATD Fourth World, data allowed a comparison between the Older BRAC, IDS, ODI, SOS Children’s Villages, World and Younger Cohorts when both were aged Vision, and others. 12. While generally stunting rates fell between 2006 and 2013, in some countries (in India for Staff as of 31 July 2015: example), the smallest gains were being made Bridget Azubuike, Research Assistant among children who were initially the most Liza Benny, Research Assistant disadvantaged – with stunting, as a consequence, Jo Boyden, Director Graham Bray, Programme Manager becoming more concentrated among the poorest Gina Crivello, Senior Research Officer children. Rosaleen Cunningham, Communications Officer Paul Dornan, Senior Policy Officer Tackling gender inequality requires addressing Patricia Espinoza, Research Assistant the structural sources of disadvantage as much Marta Favara, Research Officer as influencing behaviour. We have seen over Andreas Georgiadis, Senior Research Officer the last 15 years that gender differences begin Zoe James, Research Officer early and widen in adolescence, with lasting Ingrid Jooren, Administrative Coordinator Caroline Knowles, Communications Manager effects on children’s life-chances. We find that Virginia Morrow, Deputy Director/Senior Research gendered decisions are not systematically biased Officer against girls, except in India. How families make Maria José Ogando Portela, Research Assistant decisions reflects boys’ and girls’ perceived future Kirrily Pells, Policy Officer roles and opportunities in adulthood, including Christine Pollard, Accounts Officer in the labour market and their expected family Jen Roest, Research Assistant Anne Solon, Data and Survey Manager responsibilities. Poverty constrains successful transitions to adulthood, including for young men Research associates who lack material and social resources to marry Sofya Krutikova, Research Associate (Institute of Fiscal Studies) and start families. Across the four countries, by Caine Rolleston, Research Associate (Institute of Round 4 (age 19) the poorest girls were the most Education) likely to have married and had a child. Many Martin Woodhead, Associate Research Director 33 OXFORD DEPARTMENT OF INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2015
With funding of 1.4 million euros over five years THEME 4: from an ERC Starting Grant, Masooda Bano is POLITICAL CHANGE, CONFLICT leading a project which brings together Islamic textual scholars, ethnographers and survey AND THE ENVIRONMENT specialists to map the competing theological Research on development requires a critical positions of today’s leading Islamic authorities, approach to the state and dominant institutions, to examine their real-life consequences, and to focussing on how power is created and explore why young Muslims follow one authority exercised, and the resistance of excluded groups. over another. The project aims to investigate This essential political process involves conflict the intellectual revival within Islamic thought as much as cooperation, where security (and in the West and to situate its development insecurity), historical identity and environmental within broader challenges to traditional Islamic sustainability are central issues. authority structures. In so doing, CSIA aims to inform both the theory of religious behaviour and Our research in this area is characterised by of institutional persistence and change. strong disciplinary roots in history, politics and anthropology; an interdisciplinary empirical Seven institutions from across the globe that research methodology; and primary fieldwork. speak in the name of Islam today have been selected for study. The project’s Research Research on this theme is conducted by Officers, Nathan Spannaus and Christopher individual researchers as well as within one major Pooya Razavian, who both have a background The entrance externally funded research project: in Islamic Studies and Islamic intellectual promenade history, are undertaking a systematic analysis of at the new CHANGING STRUCTURES OF ISLAMIC multi-million the writings and online materials produced by dollar National AUTHORITY AND CONSEQUENCES scholars associated with these seven institutions. Museum in FOR SOCIAL CHANGE: A Four are located in Muslim-majority countries Sanliurfa, Turkey Credit: John Edwards, TRANSNATIONAL REVIEW (CSIASC) with off-shoots in the West, and define Islam for MPhil in Development www.csia-oxford.org the majority of Muslims in the world: Al-Azhar Studies 2013–15 RESEARCH 34
University (Egypt); Dar-ul-Uloom Deoband the coming academic year. Nathan Spannaus and (South Asia); Diyanet (Turkey); and Al-Medina Pooya Razavian were invited to act as discussants University (Saudi Arabia). Three represent at a workshop held at the University of Exeter in initiatives that have primarily emerged in the June 2015 on ‘Reformulating Islamic Thought in West: Alqueria de Rosales (Spain); the Research the West’. Center for Islamic Legislation and Ethics (CILE) Masooda’s co-edited volume (with Keiko Sakuri), (Qatar), led by Tariq Ramadan, who is based in Shaping Global Islamic Discourses: The Role of Al- the West; and Zaytuna College (USA). We plan to Azhar, Al-Medina, and Al-Mustafa, was published invite leading scholars working on the first four by Edinburgh University Press in March 2015 and institutions to a series of meetings and workshops launched on 19 May at The Institute for the Study in the coming academic year; and are preparing of Muslim Civilisations in London. The volume for the publication of two monographs offering investigates the complex interaction between a comparative overview of all seven institutions, the global and local Islam and the plurality in including of their origins; philosophical and outcomes, and challenges current assumptions methodological approaches; and positions on about the power of Saudi-Wahabi ideology to real-life issues faced by Muslims today. penetrate all Muslim societies. Nathan Spannaus’s CSIA will shortly be recruiting a new Research doctoral thesis is to be published as a monograph, Officer with a strong background in the design Preserving Islamic Tradition: Abu Nasr Qursawi and implementation of surveys to undertake and the Beginnings of Modern Reformism and is the second phase of research. This will focus now forthcoming with Oxford University Press. on understanding whether young people from certain backgrounds are more attracted to one INDIVIDUAL RESEARCH type of Islamic authority over another. Jocelyn Alexander The project held a highly successful first meeting Jocelyn Alexander’s current research has of its Advisory Committee in September 2014, two main strands. First, she is completing a followed by the first in a series of planned long-term project on political prisoners in Graduate Student Workshops; information on Zimbabwe from the 1950s to the present, a both events can be found on the project’s website period that covers distinct generations of (www.csia-oxford.org), which went live in prisoners and political regimes. The comparison April 2015. across time allows for an exploration of the state’s shifting understanding of threats in criminal, CSIA also hosted and co-organised the 2015 political and other terms, and the concomitant Association for Analytic Learning about Islam shifts in its disciplinary strategies. The changing and Muslim Societies (AALIMS) Conference and ideas that animated opposition movements Graduate Student Workshop in Oxford on 15–16 likewise shaped their practices, as did their May 2015. AALIMS is an important platform for intimate interactions with state actors in the promoting analytic research on Muslim societies, context of confinement. These processes revealed and focusses on the roles of culture and religion the roles and limits of law, the varied uses of in past and present social, economic and political extra-legal practices, and the trasnformations of trends. state and oppositional political imaginaries over In the past year, Masooda has undertaken time. The project contributes to wider debates fieldwork in Islamabad/Lahore, Cairo, Chicago, over state-making, citizenship and opposition. Fez and Granada; and spoken at events in Oslo, In addition to this work, she has for several New Delhi, Bielefeld, Islamabad, Edinburgh, years been researching the transnational lives Nottingham, London and Tübingen. CSIA hosted of southern African liberation movements. The one of our Project Research Collaborators, work so far has focussed on the experiences Hanan Benadi, in Oxford in February 2015. of Zimbabweans who were militarily trained Hanan is a doctoral student in anthropology at in the Soviet Union, and the life histories of the University of Manchester, who is working Zimbabwean militants who moved across a with Masooda on two articles on Al-Azhar. Aftab bewildering variety of countries, cultures and Malik, the former CEO of Zaytuna Institute, political contexts in the 1960s and 1970s. The also met the team in April and there are plans work seeks to explore the political and social for his further involvement with the project in effects of these relationships and activities. 35 OXFORD DEPARTMENT OF INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2015
THEME 4: POLITICAL CHANGE, CONFLICT AND THE ENVIRONMENT CONTINUED
Joerg Friedrichs Nandini Gooptu Joerg Friedrichs is working on relations between Nandini Gooptu’s research examines the social, Muslims and non-Muslims outside the west. cultural and political dimensions of India’s current Specifically, he is looking at the quality and economic transformation and globalisation. In the management of Chinese-Muslim, Indian- first of three related projects, she explores changing Muslim, and Russian-Muslim relations. He takes experiences of work, focussing on the growing on conventional wisdom that Western-Muslim new service sector (organised retail, house- relations are uniquely confrontational within a keeping, hospitality and private security services), broader civilizational canvas of ‘the West against and the impact on political ideas and behaviour, the rest’. The project focusses on the pivotal non- social relations and identities. Her second project Western powers emerging to the east (China), examines how India’s grand new skill development south (India), and north (Russia) of the Muslim mission affects social mobility and equity, and world, taking into account Muslim minorities re-shapes the mindset and conduct of a new present in these countries. Preliminary findings generation of workers and citizens. In the third suggest that relations between Muslims and project, she analyses contemporary India through non-Muslims are almost invariably challenging, the prism of its much vaunted enterprise culture, but there is interesting variation in the kind understood in the broadest sense of the creation of challenges they pose and the way they are of autonomous, active enterprising agents. She managed. For example, the challenges posed investigates how far and with what consequences by Uyghur ethnic nationalism in China are the values of enterprise culture are developing in different from those posed by Hindu-Muslim India, not just in the economy, but far beyond in communalism in India, and Chinese and Indians the social and political spheres, affecting notions manage these challenges in remarkably different and practices of freedom, choice, democracy and ways. The project will throw an interesting light citizenship. The following areas are studied as sites back on the emerging situation in Europe. Joerg of production as well as contestation of enterprise also has an article forthcoming with International culture: new cultures of work; educational Theory, proposing a novel intercultural theory of pedagogy; personality development and soft skills international relations. training; an emerging culture of mental health, counselling and self-help; new forms of spirituality John Gledhill for self-development and personal empowerment; John Gledhill has been working on four lines the media and innovative cultural practices. of research. His long-term investigation of the relationship between regime transition and Olly Owen collective violence continues, with his most recent Olly Owen’s current research is a study of new publication for this project being an account of transformations in revenue and fiscal governance Timor-Leste’s crisis of 2006. He has also been in Nigeria, funded by the Economic and Social working on two spin-off articles from this project. Research Council. This three-year study looks In one piece, he has been trying to understand at taxation relationships between the state and why levels of violence vary when states suddenly citizens, and how questions of social contract and lose capacity. Comparing the cases of Georgia political accountability are popularly understood. (1990–93), Albania (1991), and Yemen (2011–13), Alongside this, he continues a focus on policing he argues that the nature of state-society relations structures and practices in Nigeria, and is working before state collapse can partly account for with stakeholders in this field within Nigeria to variations in post-collapse violence. In a second feed research into policy debates. He also continues spin-off, he is currently critiquing approaches other work related to longstanding interests in to the study of collective violence that focus politics and governance in the West African sub- exclusively on the development of opportunities region and in political anthropology. for conflict, at the expense of also recognising Rosana Pinheiro-Machado the contributions of collective motives and In December 2014, Rosana Pinheiro-Machado organisational resources for mobilisation. And in concluded longitudinal research on the informal a fourth, co-authored study, John is surveying the economy. For 10 years, between 1999 and 2009, fields of conflict and peace studies, in an effort to she carried out ethnographic research in a street establish whether scholars who work on conflict market in Porto Alegre, Brazil. In 2009, due to a processes engage with scholars who work on social policy that aimed to regularise the informal conflict responses, and vice versa. RESEARCH 36
sector, the traders were legalised and moved to ‘interfaith dialogue’ by putting the key substantive a shopping centre. Rosana followed the process issues fuelling inter-religious conflict in the of formalisation for a further five years, between region squarely on the policy agenda. Working in 2009 and 2014. In 2014, she conducted 30 in-depth collaboration with three institutions: Development interviews with her former informants. The study Research & Projects Centre (dRPC), Kano, concluded that the policy failed in a number of Nigeria; the DfID-sponsored Nigeria Stability & ways. Firstly, some traders abandoned the venture; Reconciliation Programme (NSRP); and the Office secondly, those who remained in the business of the National Security Adviser (ONSA), Abuja, became deeply indebted because of taxes and Raufu was also involved in a research network other expanses that resulted from the process of that explored the processes of radicalisation and financialisation; and thirdly, other traders resorted counter-radicalisation of Muslims in northern to illegal trade activities, even within the realm of Nigeria. This project produced five policy briefs the formal sector. for the work of the ONSA in countering the menace of Boko Haram. Work is also ongoing Raufu Mustapha on an edited volume titled Faith & Society: The Abdul Raufu Mustapha has continued to work Radicalization and Counter-Radicalization of on the theme of religion and conflict in northern Muslims in Northern Nigeria which aims to bring Nigeria. The research on Islam in northern Nigeria the findings of this project to the wider academic sponsored by the Royal Netherlands Foreign community. Finally, Raufu is also the Principal Ministry has led to two edited volumes. The Investigator coordinating a three-country first, Sects & Social Disorder: Muslim Identities & (Ethiopia, Kenya, Nigeria) study on the role of Conflicts in Northern Nigeria explores the often agriculture in employment creation, sponsored by ignored theme of Muslim-Muslim conflicts. The the Partnership for African Social and Governance second, which is due in early 2016, is titled Creed Research (PASGR), based in Nairobi. Specifically, & Grievance: Muslims, Christians & Society in this project seeks to explore the utility of the Northern Nigeria. This is an exploration of the political settlement approach to policy-making in Kolkata street core issues in contention in Muslim-Christians scene the African context. relations. It hopes to go beyond the niceties of Credit: Johanna Wallin, MPhil in Development Studies 2013–15 37 OXFORD DEPARTMENT OF INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2015
THEME 4: POLITICAL CHANGE, CONFLICT AND THE ENVIRONMENT CONTINUED
Laura Rival policy is shaped in turn by such negotiations. Laura Rival is currently working on a number He is a member of the Effective States Inclusive of interrelated projects, which, together, aim to Development Research programme, a provide the empirical basis for a new theoretical collaborative programme based at the University approach to the anthropology of nature, society of Manchester. He also contributes to the ESRC/ and development. Building on her recent research ERC-funded Democratic Cultures of South on the governance of ecosystem services (e.g. Asia research consortium, based at University Governing the Provision of Ecosystem Services, College London. He has received funding from co-edited with Roldan Muradian, Springer 2012), the International Growth Centre as well as the and her continuing interest in the future of Somerville India Centre for his research. Indrajit Amazonian societies, she is studying grassroots has published with the Journal of Peasant Studies, networks that share practical knowledge about World Development, Contemporary South Asia, agroecology and sustainable living in order Economic and Political Weekly and Oxford to improve livelihoods in marginalised Latin Development Studies. He is also curating a blog American communities. In relation to this project series titled ‘Sociology of Citizenship’ for the and to her long-term interest in the cultivated Politics in Spires/Debating Development blogs. ecosystems of indigenous lowland South America, she is also documenting the management of Nikita Sud the interactions between wild and cultivated Nikita Sud is involved in long-term, multi-sited, biodiversity. This inquiry has led her to research multi-method research on India’s land economy. the ways in which proposals to value and govern She engages critically with global debates on land diversity relate to the production, circulation and grab and accumulation by dispossession, as well use of knowledge about biological and cultural as established ideas about the nature of property diversity, and the recognised links between the and land as a factor of production. Empirically, two. Her new book on the Huaorani (Treks into she is tracing national and sub-national legislative, the future of time: Huaorani struggles in 21st policy and political changes that have shifted the century Ecuador) will be published by Arizona post-independence norm of ‘land to the tiller’ to University Press in 2016. one of ‘land liberalisation’. She is interested in the interplay of formality and informality, involving Indrajit Roy the state, private industry, the real estate sector, Indrajit Roy focusses on the political sociology as well as the shadow state, brokers, aggregators, of transition in the global South. His research musclemen and a range of other middlemen. and teaching interests lie at the intersection She has published on land in leading journals of sociology, politics and public policy in a such as World Development, Development and comparative perspective. As ESRC Future Change, Journal of Peasant Studies, Modern Asian Research Leader, Indrajit studies the political Studies, and Geoforum, with papers forthcoming ideas, identities and practices of circular labour in Environment and Planning, and The Routledge migrants in India. The empirical focus on labour Handbook of Contemporary India. migration provides him with a window to explore analytical issues pertaining to: agrarian change Miles Tendi and urban transformations; citizenship and other Miles Tendi is mainly interested in civil-military forms of membership in the political community; relations. His current research explores the roots, public policy based on the assumption of determinants and effects of Southern African sedentary populations; and cosmopolitanism and militaries’ political ascent. His research seeks to modernity. Among the emergent findings of his draw comparative conclusions about civil-military research is the importance of social protection relations in Botswana, Madagascar, Lesotho and schemes (or the lack thereof) in shaping Zimbabwe. In addition, he is conducting research labour migrants’ political identities. Indrajit’s towards two biographies. The first of these is monograph The Politics of the Poor: Negotiating about the life and political career of Zimbabwean Democracy in Eastern India is forthcoming with President Robert Gabriel Mugabe. The second Cambridge University Press. The monograph examines the military career of General Rex probes the manner in which public policy Nhongo, an eminent commander in Zimbabwe’s shapes poor people’s political negotiations and 1970s liberation war. the ways in which the implementation of public REGIONAL SPECIALISMS An important dimension of our research and teaching is our regional specialisation. The study of developing countries underpins our empirical enquiry into our four research themes and major regions of the developing world also feature in all our postgraduate courses.
Kawsay (the Kichwa word for ‘life’), San Pablo, Ecuador Credit: Gerardo Alonso Torres Contreras, MPhil in Development Studies, 2013–15 39 OXFORD DEPARTMENT OF INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2015
As well as conducting their own research into Researchers such as Raufu Mustapha and specific countries and regions, ODID academics Jocelyn Alexander have long-term interests in supervise graduate students who are working on the study of rural politics and state-making, developing countries in other Oxford departments and both have explored the historically rooted and faculties, where we also offer area studies formation of institutions and the diversity of teaching on undergraduate and master’s courses. political ideas and ideals that have shaped the struggles of the vast majority of people who Our research has synergies with work on inhabit rural communities in West and southern developing countries in other parts of the Africa. Raufu’s current research includes a study University, including Geography, Area Studies, of agriculture and employment creation in Anthropology, Politics, Economics, Education, Ethiopia, Kenya and Nigeria. Jocelyn Alexander Sociology, History, Population Health, and the has recently written on the relationship between Oriental Institute. ‘Area Studies’ from the vantage states and chiefs. point of international development remains one of our well-established, long-term strengths, with ODID researchers have made important particular expertise in the specific areas outlined contributions to the understanding of political below. change more widely. Miles Tendi is exploring political change through writing the biographies AFRICA of two of Zimbabwe’s most influential figures: President Robert Gabriel Mugabe and General Sub-Saharan Africa Rex Nhongo. Raufu’s work on democratisation Much of the study of Africa at ODID focusses and the constitution of the public sphere has on themes related to the creation of social challenged long-standing assumptions about and political orders and is firmly rooted in African politics. Jocelyn Alexander’s history of empirical and collaborative research. There are political imprisonment in Zimbabwe draws on significant research interests around the issues of oral history and archives to explore the long- democratisation and institutional change, identity term development and contestation of the prison and religion, and labour and agrarian struggles. and political repression, and their effects on These topics are inherently political and each understandings of race, gender, rights and law. In has important implications for policy, but all are a collaborative project, Miles Tendi and Jocelyn approached with an eye to complexity and history, Alexander are seeking to assess the ways in which and none makes easy reading for the all-too- the transnational links of liberation movements common view of Africa as undifferentiated or in and outside Africa have shaped political amenable to mono-causal explanations of economic change in the past and present. malaise, conflict or political dysfunctionality. A dominant theme in this research is the ODID researchers have in addition addressed importance of institutions and ideas. the construction of political orders by focussing on particular institutions. Oliver Owen brings Research on Africa also includes a substantial an ethnographic approach to understanding body of work on economics. Led by Douglas Gollin state institutions in Nigeria. His current research and Christopher Adam, much of this research addresses the important and under-researched takes place under the auspices of the International spheres of revenue and fiscal governance, looking Growth Centre (see pp 17–18). Douglas Gollin’s at what happens to citizen-state relations and research focusses on the ways in which agricultural ideas of power, legitimacy and accountability technology and productivity have evolved in when a petro-state returns to taxing its citizens. different parts of Africa, with a particular interest His long-standing research on policing explores in the imperfect connections between rural and the ways in which state sovereignty is constituted urban economies. Doug’s recent work examines in a context of limited resources and alternative the phenomenon of urbanisation without sources of authority. An accompanying industrialisation, and he also focusses on differences collaborative impact project with policing in productivity and living standards between rural stakeholders seeks to bring these insights on and urban locations. Christopher Adam’s work everyday practice back into the policy debate focusses on short- to medium-term questions in Nigeria. Olly has also conducted a long-term concerning the design and implementation of analysis of Nigeria’s 2015 electoral process in macroeconomic policy in Africa. collaboration with ODID DPhil student Zainab REGIONAL SPECIALISMS 40
Usman, beginning with a workshop and debate anchored by Raufu Mustapha. Miles Tendi’s research on civil-military relations traces the political roles of militaries in southern Africa where they have played a role in state-making quite different to their West African counterparts. Miles and Jocelyn Alexander have collaborated with other scholars on a project that re-evaluates the roles of patronage and violence in Zimbabwe’s recent political upheavals, and have stressed the centrality not of informality and disorder but of institutions and ideas. Questions of identity are also of central concern to ODID research in Africa, and bear directly on social as well as political ordering. Raufu Mustapha’s work most directly broaches the topic of ethnicity. He has done so in innovative ways, not least in a focus on affirmative action and the broader articulation of public sector governance and ethnicity. His recent work addresses religion and conflict in Nigeria, developing an approach that combines a concern for history with an interest in the current political economy of religion, and that seeks to develop policy responses to religious conflict. In a major collaborative project funded by the Royal Netherlands Foreign Ministry, Mustapha has focussed on the neglected theme of Muslim- Muslim conflicts and the reasons behind Muslim-Christian conflict. In collaboration with Nigerian institutions, he has also explored the radicalisation and counter-radicalisation of Muslims in northern Nigeria, and specifically the policy measures that might counter Boko Haram. Many of these themes are being developed in innovative ways by the more than two dozen ODID DPhil students working on Africa. Students currently supervised by Raufu Mustapha and Jocelyn Alexander are exploring topics such as law and courts; citizenship and crime; youth, the department who are working on issues of On Idjwi island, identity, and political mobilisation; donors Burundi migration, refugees and diasporas in and from and aid dependence; the politics of natural Credit: Jean-Benoit Africa (see pp 10–12 for a full list of DPhil thesis Falisse, DPhil resource governance (diamonds, oil, and land); in International titles). Development the social and political effects of conflicts and epidemics; and the state-building projects of Many additional research topics are being pursued guerrilla movements in and out of government. throughout the African continent in ODID’s Doug Gollin’s ODID students are looking at research groups. Most of the economists’ work rural-urban migration in Africa; at the (limited) within the IGC is focussed on Ethiopia and use of mechanisation and animal traction in Tanzania, but also includes work on Zambia, agriculture; at the ways in which farmers use Uganda and Ghana. IMI seeks to understand agricultural biodeiversity to manage risk; and at mobility and movement within, to and from Africa the spatial patterns of urbanisation in Tanzania. over time, including through research on African These students are joined by many others in diasporas in Africa and mobility in the Great Lakes 41 OXFORD DEPARTMENT OF INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2015
region. The RSC has projects on refugee economies She focusses on the participation of women in and refugee diasporas in Africa. Young Lives works decisions concerning their children’s education in partnership with the Ethiopian Development and investigates the possible relationship between Research Institute and Save the Children Ethiopia the religiosity of mothers and their involvement in on child nutrition, health and development, and education decisions. education and children’s work. TMCD has looked Finally, Adeel Malik’s work is focussed on the at determinants of the diffusion of innovation in political economy of the Middle East. His latest Ghana and is assessing the impact of the operations project investigates variation in average tariff rates of Chinese MNEs in Africa. across more than 4,500 sectors and over time in ODID’s Africanists organise a weekly seminar Egypt and Tunisia, and examines whether sectors series on History and Politics in Africa, jointly with politically connected actors are systematically with the departments of Politics, History and predisposed to higher levels of trade protection. Geography. In 2014–15 ODID held the student-led Social Order in Africa workshop for the fifth year ASIA running. This year the workshop was organised South Asia by ODID DPhil student Dan Hodgkinson and focussed on education, covering topics ranging Teaching and research on South Asia builds on from the perspectives of Qur’anic students in our long-term strengths and continues to thrive northern Nigeria, to the post-colonial critiques at ODID. A number of our research groups of Zimbabwe’s student activists, to the wages of conduct research in the region, notably poverty corruption in Ghanaian universities. measurement by OPHI in India, Pakistan and Bhutan; the study of schooling and education of Middle East and North Africa children in India by Young Lives; and research on Work on the Middle East and North African at the use of mobile and electronic technology and ODID spans the department’s research themes: technological innovations in India by TMCD. At the RSC, Dawn Chatty’s ethnographic interests Research by individual academics, in collaboration lie in the Middle East, particularly with nomadic with colleagues in South Asia and elsewhere in pastoral tribes and refugee young people. Her the University, develops our long-standing interest research interests include a number of forced in the study of the state and political institutions, migration and development issues such as political economy, labour, poverty, and political conservation-induced displacement, tribal action and identities. South Asia’s contemporary resettlement, modern technology and social dynamism derives from processes of economic change, gender and development and the impact of change and globalisation, major developments in prolonged conflict on refugee young people. democratic and mass politics, as well as evolving governance practices and shifts in institutional state The RSC is also developing a new programme titled structures. Research on South Asia at ODID probes ‘Enhancing protection for refugees from Syria’, these developments with a focus on India in the which will examine the drivers, lived experience, wake of economic liberalisation since the 1990s. and political economy of responses to refugees While India is an ascendant power in the global from Syria within Jordan, Lebanon, and Turkey. arena, the country is still plagued by persistent Masooda Bano’s primary area of interest rests poverty, low human development indicators in studying the role of ideas and beliefs in and growing inequality, not to mention political development processes and their evolution and conflict. ODID researchers examine the processes change. Her latest project, Changing Structures of that underlie these contradictions, from the inter- Islamic Authority, brings together Islamic textual disciplinary analytical perspectives of political scholars, ethnographers and survey specialists economy, political anthropology and sociology. to map the competing theological positions of One key area of our enquiry concerns the state today’s leading Islamic authorities, to examine and governance. Despite liberalisation, the state their real-life consequences, and to explore continues to be a major developmental actor why young Muslims follow one authority over in India. At the same time, it has undergone another. significant changes, particularly in its relationship Imane Chaara continues her research into with private players. The importance of the latter household decision-making processes in Morocco. has grown in the delivery of ‘public’ goods and REGIONAL SPECIALISMS 42
services, and their dominance of the economy is personal lives, with complex and contradictory facilitated by the government. Nikita Sud’s research implications for Indian politics and democracy. has focussed on the changing nature of the Indian state, with recent work on the local iterations of Adeel Malik, meanwhile, has recently been carrying global land grab. She is interested in national and out work on the interplay between religious sub-national land policy change, the pressures that authority, land inequality and political power have been brought to bear on this, and the shadowy in Pakistani Punjab, examining the relationship Women carrying world of economic middlemen and political touts between the concentration of Sufi shrines in riverine regions and development outcomes. grain from the who populate the liberalising land economy on the Public Distribution ground. System shop to A large number of MSc, MPhil and DPhil students their village in India. As the nature of state-society relations has been work on India, Pakistan, Nepal, and other countries Credit: Srujana Katta, MPhil in Devleopment reoriented and democratic processes have become of South and Southeast Asia. Their research Studies 2013–15 increasingly embedded in India’s late post-colonial polity, political attitudes and behaviour have undergone significant changes, offering a second area of enquiry for ODID researchers. Politics in the so-called ‘civil society’ space in India has assumed increasing salience at the cost of politics in the formal institutional domain of party systems. ODID students and researchers are working on the political action and practices of the poor, including radical left-wing ‘insurgency’ and the ‘everyday’ conduct of politics. Indrajit Roy has developed an innovative analytical framework to interpret the nature and significance of ‘informal’ forms of contentious politics among the poor, and various modes of dissent, subversion and negotiation. He also explores political ideas, identities and practices of circular labour migrants in India. Nandini Gooptu investigates political change through the lens of changing cultures of work and skill development as experienced by the growing number of young people in India.
Politics in contemporary India also increasingly takes individualised forms and signals a major shift in India’s political culture in this respect, which is the subject of a third line of enquiry. While the politicisation of collective, ascriptive identities of caste and religion had hitherto dominated public life, today personalised, enterprising forms of political action have come to underpin civil society- based activities, and often taken the country by storm. These new modalities of politics reflect and articulate pervasive and deep transformations in everyday social practice and public culture that have occurred in tandem with profound changes in the economy and the state. Nandini Gooptu draws upon the analytical literature on neoliberal governmentality to investigate these changing political perceptions and practices from the perspective of an emerging culture of enterprise that far outstrips economic activities, and affects cultural ideas, identities, social relations, and 43 OXFORD DEPARTMENT OF INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2015
is focussed on the state, development policy, LATIN AMERICA economic change and state-society relations; social, As development studies in many universities and political, gendered and religious identity; as well as think tanks increasingly focusses on the least democratic, insurgent and individualised forms of developed countries and the very poor, Latin politics. Topics of research of doctoral students are America has lost some of its allure. Many experts listed on pp 10 to 12. assume that the region is too rich, too developed, With Area Studies, we organise a weekly seminar too far from the ‘bottom billion’ to be considered series and an annual workshop on Contemporary part of the development research agenda. This is South Asia, which serves as a hub of interaction for unfortunate as Latin America is in fact at the heart scholars working across the University on South of many of today’s global challenges and its Asia. Our researchers and research centres have experience has much to teach other parts of the several national and international collaborations, world. Latin America is home to important mineral including with colleagues at the LSE, University and hydrocarbon reserves, as well as nearly half of Manchester, CNRS (Paris), Jadavpur University the world’s tropical forests, one quarter of the (Kolkata), Centre for Economic and Social Studies world’s potential arable land, and one third of the (Hyderabad), SriPadmavati Mahila Visvavidyalam world’s freshwater reserves. Unfortunately, natural (Women’s University) (Tirupati), Save the resources and economic wealth are very unequally Children – India, Jawaharlal Nehru University, distributed: Latin America is still the most unequal Asian Development Research Institute (ADRI), region of the world, even if most of its countries Koshish Charitable Trust and PRAXIS. Finally, have improved income distribution in recent years. our academics are involved in promoting South Latin America is also an arena of ideological struggle Asian Studies outside the University through their between neoliberals and progressive reformists, involvement in publications and other initiatives: between modernisers and those who question the Nandini Gooptu currently acts as the editor of the modernisation project altogether. South Asian Diversity and Plurality series of the These are some of the reasons why Latin America Anthem Press, and she is a member of the South constitutes an integral part of ODID’s teaching Asia Panel of the British Academy. and research, and why the focus is on inequality and poverty from a variety of political, ecological China and economic perspectives. Researchers such as The study of China at ODID is a rapidly developing Valpy FitzGerald, Laura Rival, Diego Sánchez- field, largely concentrated on the crucial themes Ancochea and Rosemary Thorp are exploring of technology, business, trade and management, many of the region’s environmental, political and is conducted mainly at the Technology and and economic challenges and placing them in Management Centre for Development (TMCD). historical and comparative perspective. Laura In addition, OPHI has carried out a study with the Rival is studying how multi-layered governance International Poverty Reduction Center in China works in practice in different parts of Latin to design a multidimensional poverty measure for America. Her ultimate aim is to evaluate the the Wu Ling Mountain Region. Based on this initial opportunities and limits that integrated social and work, IPRCC and the National Bureau of Statistics, environmental policies have to simultaneously China (NBS), with the participation of OPHI, are solve structural poverty and environmental planning to undertake a national multidimensional degradation. She has explored a number of ‘carbon poverty measurement study between 2015 and projects’ in Ecuador and Brazil, and has examined 2016. how the concept of ecosystem services is used in Southeast Asia policy. In particular, she has studied the ways in which ecosystem services have been used to guide Departmental research on Southeast Asia is decisions about the allocation of the resources focussed in the Human Development theme: Young provided by nature. In collaboration with a Lives research in Vietnam focusses on quality of number of Latin American social scientists, she has education and how to improve learning outcomes, evaluated the viability and replicability of Ecuador’s the transition from school to the labour market Yasuní Initiative. She has shown that payments for and the skills children need for the labour market; ecosystem services (PES) can become instruments OPHI has also carried out work in Malaysia of environmental governance that promote and Vietnam to help establish multidimensional social and environmental policy integration. Her poverty measures at different levels. REGIONAL SPECIALISMS 44
conclusions have been used to inform the design experience of Mauritius, South Korea and Uruguay. and implementation of the UN’s Sustainable Juliana Martínez Franzoni and Diego Sánchez- Development Goals. The future of tropical rain Ancochea’s collaborative work on social policy has forests in Latin America, as in other tropical also expanded to consider the interactions between regions, depends on new agricultural policies. She market and social incorporation (that is, good jobs is currently extending this research programme by and generous social services for all) and the extent to focussing on the ecosystem services provided by which Latin America has improved in these areas in various food systems, in particular those linked to the last decade. In the future, they will also consider agroecological movements. the prospects of more redistributive social policies in post-conflict societies like El Salvador, Guatemala Rosemary Thorp has recently worked on the and Nicaragua. evolution of group inequalities in Peru and on evaluating the relationship between inequality, Recent improvements should be seen within natural resources and the state, publishing two the context of the region’s political move to the co-authored books out of these projects. In 2011 left and growing debates over the definition of she received funding from the Leverhulme Trust to development and its future prospects. Laura Rival study the sustainability of the recent reduction of is exploring some of these debates. In particular, inequality in Peru and Uruguay – part of a broader another of her projects focusses on how the complex on-going collaboration with Diego Sánchez- ideas of development and biodiversity are being Ancochea on the subject. In his project on Latin shaped, interpreted, contested and negotiated America’s evolution in the 20th century, Valpy in countries such as Ecuador, Guyana, Bolivia FitzGerald pays particular attention to the evolution and Peru. She uses an ethnographic approach to of inequality and explores the positive impact that highlight the complex links between biocultural import substitution had in many parts of the region. diversity, ecosystems, economic development, Some of his international work on taxation is also human needs, popular aspirations, and political most relevant to Latin America – one of the regions struggles. Laura Rival is also studying small-scale with the lowest tax burdens in the world. He is farming and grassroots networks that share practical also starting a book on Nicaragua’s revolutionary knowledge about agroecology and sustainable living experience that promises to combine theoretical in order to improve livelihoods in marginalised insights with personal experiences on the field Latin American communities. In doing so, she shows during the 1980s. how agroecology has become a real alternative to
industrial agriculture and its many environmental, Universal social policy could potentially be a social and economic costs. powerful instrument to combat income inequality and social exclusion. Yet powerful elites, volatile A large number of DPhil students are also economic conditions, weak states and large working at the department and strengthening informal sectors have jointly contributed to our vibrant community of Latin Americanists. make universal provision of health, pensions and They are doing research in areas as diverse as other social benefits an impossible mission. How environmental governance, innovation policy, likely is this to change in the future? What political global value chains, violence, biocultural diversity, and economic factors can contribute to promoting social movements, social policy, poverty and universal social policies in Latin America and inequality (see pp 10–12 for a full list of DPhil beyond? Jointly with Juliana Martínez Franzoni research topics). Latin America is also a significant from the University of Costa Rica, Diego Sánchez- region for the research programmes that some of Ancochea is exploring some of these questions. the department’s centres are undertaking. Peru Their work considers the creation, expansion and is one of the cases in Young Lives’ impressive resilience of universal social insurance in Costa quantitative survey and qualitative, fieldwork- Rica – one of the few countries that succeeded in based studies. OPHI are also working with a developing progressive, redistributive policies for number of governments in the region to support all. They highlight the combination of democratic their implementation of multidimensional poverty institutions, progressive leadership, techno-political indexes. In this area, as in many others, Latin expertise and a supporting economy, but also America has been pioneer in the implementation raise some doubts about the sustainability of of new policies and remains an arena for policy Costa Rica’s success. Their project goes well beyond innovation and political struggles. Costa Rica and considers comparatively the KNOWLEDGE EXCHANGE AND RESEARCH IMPACT ODID has an exceptionally strong track-record of outreach, dissemination of research findings outside academia and policy engagement.
Matoke seller, Kampala, Uganda Credit:Cheryl R Doss KNOWLEDGE EXCHANGE AND RESEARCH IMPACT 46
The work of the department – both teaching and interviewed key informants. The research has and research – is explicitly designed to have an been presented at key policy meetings including impact on the real world: our teaching trains UN ECOSOC’s humanitarian section, UNHCR’s new generations of young people who become annual NGO consultations, the World Bank, development practitioners, policy-makers the Danish Red Cross annual summit, and a and academics in their turn; and our research joint UNHCR-RefugePoint meeting at Harvard analyses evidence that can lead to improved University. Invited presentations and workshops policy design by governments and international have taken place in key government ministries, organisations on the one hand, and their critique including DFID and the GIZ. by civil society on the other. Within the region itself, launch events have been Below are some recent examples of the impact of held (in collaboration with UNHCR and funded ODID research on policy: by the Norwegian MFA) in Kampala and Nairobi, with governments, NGOs and international EXPLORING THE ECONOMIC LIVES organisations; and in the refugee settlements OF REFUGEES in Uganda. In response, UNHCR Uganda has Traditionally, responses to refugee crises take integrated the data set into their programming, ‘There has been a humanitarian approach, which works well and has built a livelihoods programme informed initially, meeting immediate needs of food, water, by the research. a gradual move to consider shelter, health. However, this can lead to long- RSC Director Alexander Betts has also drawn term dependency. Today, over 50 per cent of upon the research to engage in the creation of how refugee the world’s refugees are in protracted situations, the Solutions Alliance, a new multi-stakeholder responses can having been in exile for five years or more. There initiative on displacement and development, be transitioned has therefore been a gradual move to consider in which he co-chairs the Research, Data and from relief to how refugee responses can be transitioned from Performance Management Working Group with development, relief to development, to enable greater refugee UNHCR – a group that includes UNDP, the to enable self-reliance. World Bank, and the government of Canada. greater refugee One element missing has been information Currently, the work is being transformed into a self-reliance’ on the economic lives of refugees. The Refugee book, provisionally entitled Refugee Economies: Studies Centre has therefore undertaken Forced Displacement and Development. research on ‘Refugee Economies’, seeking to explain variation in economic outcomes for refugees, including in income, selection between urban and rural locations, and impact on host INFORMING EARLY EDUCATION communities. POLICY IN ETHIOPIA The Ethiopian government has ambitious plans for The research started in Uganda, chosen because scaling-up early and pre-school education. By 2020 it exceptionally offers refugees the right to work Ethiopia aims to increase the pre-primary Gross and freedom of movement. Using a participatory, Enrolment Rate to 80 per cent (from its current mixed methods approach, the researchers level of 34 per cent) so that pre-primary education, focussed on three sites: the capital, Kampala, and which has been largely limited to urban areas and two refugee settlements, Nakivale and Kyangwali. private initiatives, can become an integral part of They now have an unprecedented data set on the the education system throughout the country. economic lives of refugees. Because Young Lives has an established reputation On World Refugee Day 2014, the RSC launched for providing data on early childhood care and the preliminary research findings in Refugee education (ECCE) based on previous rounds Economies: Rethinking Popular Assumptions. This of research and reporting, it is well-positioned has had an exceptional impact on policy debates. to support the government in these efforts. The It received media coverage from the Independent, Ministry of Education asked the Young Lives team The Guardian, BBC World News, Central China to carry out a scoping study of ECCE resources Television, and Thomson Reuters. NPR produced across diverse settings and a review of international a documentary, broadcast over 900 US radio experience, including best practices and the risks stations, which retraced much of the research from rapid expansion of pre-primary education. 47 OXFORD DEPARTMENT OF INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2015
TACKLING BOKO HARAM THROUGH RESEARCH AND ADVOCACY Since 2009, Nigeria has been battling an insurgency associated with Boko Haram, the Islamist group that gained global notoriety through the abduction of the Chibok schoolgirls and its subsequent affiliation to ISIL. Initially, Nigeria’s response was largely military. However, since 2014, under the auspices of the Office of the National Security Adviser (ONSA), efforts have been made to diversify this response.
Specifically, this has involved the development of a society-focussed approach that emphasises countering radicalisation and promoting development. A key component was the development of a Countering Violent Extremism (CVE) Programme, which sought to understand the primary drivers of radicalisation and to develop strategic communication to prevent it.
Developing this ‘soft’ approach called for a clearer understanding of what drove radicalisation in the Nigerian context, and ONSA called on the DfID-funded Nigeria Stability and Reconciliation Programme (NSRP) for help. The NSRP turned to the ODID-based Nigeria Research Network (NRN) to carry out the research.
The NRN examined a range of topics connected with the processes of radicalisation and counter- radicalisation. These included the impact of child rearing practices, rites of passage and social change; the impact of youth unemployment and the interface between Islamic sects and the informal economy; the importance of the wider West African/Sahelian context for the flows of ideas, organisations, and weapons; the important Early learning in roles of Islamic scholars in the interpretation of key Addis Ababa In addition, through its longitudinal school survey, texts, and their use of different media formats; a Credit: © Young Young Lives has established strong credibility with Lives/Antonio comparative study of cases of counter-radicalisation Fiorente the Ministry which is using its research findings efforts from countries like Egypt; a socio- and policy recommendations on primary school geographical study of why the insurgency erupted quality to inform the design and delivery of the in Bornu in northeastern Nigeria; an investigation new Ethiopian Education Strategy Development of the profiles of publicly known Boko Haram Programme V (ESDP V) in relation to curriculum members; the impact of the almajiri system of and teacher training; resourcing and the role of the Quranic education on the radicalisation of youths; private sector; the importance of early nutrition, gender norms and patterns of female participation school feeding programmes, early parenting and in the insurgency; and the consequences of the pre-school interventions; the potential for piloting military ‘hard approach’ within the populations of alternative delivery models; and equity issues the northeast. related to gender, targeting for disadvantaged and marginalised groups, and inclusion of disabled The findings of the research were set out in five children. policy briefs for the ONSA as well as 11 chapters of KNOWLEDGE EXCHANGE AND RESEARCH IMPACT 48
a proposed edited volume for the wider academic community. The findings were widely circulated within Nigerian officialdom, including to senior members of the new Buhari presidency, which came into office in 2015. A public workshop involving officials of the Nigerian government, representatives of foreign missions, and important aid agencies was also held in Abuja in January 2015. Plans are under way to make presentations to specialised institutions, such as the multinational Lake Chad Basin Organization.
A senior official of the ONSA described the NRN’s input to policy as ‘seminal’, and said policy changes in the soft approach had been effected based on a broadening of the policy space as a result of the research.
REDEFINING POVERTY MEASUREMENT The governments of Chile and Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, are the latest to use a methodology designed at the Oxford Poverty and Human Development Initiative (OPHI) to construct official measures of multidimensional poverty. Most countries of the world define poverty as a lack of money. Yet poor people themselves consider their experience of poverty much more broadly. The Alkire Foster (AF) method, developed by Lunga Lunga Sabina Alkire and James Foster at the OPHI, is a the complete reality of poverty. settlement flexible technique for measuring multidimensional outside Nairobi, poverty that captures the overlapping disadvantages In December 2014, Ho Chi Minh City launched Kenya. the first city-wide multidimensional poverty Credit: James Jewell/ people can experience at the same time – such OPHI as poor health or malnutrition, a lack of clean measure. In 2015 Ho Chi Minh City is focussing on water or electricity, poor quality of work or little piloting the MPI for identifying poor households schooling. and designing poverty-reduction programmes. Results from the pilots will be used to develop The AF method can incorporate different the city’s Sustainable Multidimensional Poverty dimensions and indicators of poverty to create Reduction Programme 2016–2020, and inform the measures specific to particular contexts. As well as development of a national MPI in Vietnam. providing a headline indicator of poverty, measures can be broken down to reveal what poverty is Mexico, Colombia, Bhutan and the state of Minas like in different regions of a country and among Gerais in Brazil also use the AF method for official different population groups. This enables policy- poverty measurement. Many other countries, makers to capture the complexity of poverty and including El Salvador, Ecuador, Tunisia, Senegal better inform policies to relieve it. and Pakistan, are in the process of developing multidimensional poverty measures. Chile launched its national Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) in February 2015, along with In addition, the AF method is used to assess a new income poverty measure, to ensure that no- and improve the US Government’s food security one living in poverty is overlooked. Announcing programmes with regard to women’s empowerment results from the MPI, Minister of Social and gender parity (via the Women’s Empowerment Development Maria Fernanda Villegas explained in Agriculture Index, constructed by OPHI with that it was developed in response to a consensus USAID and the International Food Policy Research that the traditional income measure did not reflect Institute). 49 OXFORD DEPARTMENT OF INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2015
TEACHING MATHS USING REAL clocks and digital 12- and 24-hour clocks. WORLD DATA It also encourages pupils to think critically about Data collected by Young Lives about the daily lives poverty and inequality. They construct graphs of children in its four study countries has been used based on data about life expectancy around the ‘The maths to create an engaging new resource to teach maths world and interpret graphs showing changes in resource also to schoolchildren in the UK. GDP per capita in Young Lives countries. They encourages ‘Everyone Counts’ is a free resource for teachers also examine concepts that affect the Young Lives children to developed by Young Lives with the Youth and children, such as well-being and what it means to think critically Education team at Oxfam GB. Drawing on surveys be ‘doing well’ in life. about poverty and in-depth interviews with the Young Lives study The material has been endorsed by the Maths and inequality’ children in Ethiopia, India, Peru and Vietnam, the Association in the UK and is already in use in UK resource helps deliver key elements of the maths schools. The Young Lives team are now working curriculum for children aged 8 to 12. with Oxfam on a second set of cross-curricular The material enables students to develop their skills resources for Key Stage 3, ‘Even It Up!’, to be and understanding of topics such as time and data published later this year. Relaxing after school, Andhra handling – for example, pupils use data about the Find out more at http://www.oxfam.org.uk/ Pradesh, India daily activities of Young Lives children to calculate Credit: © Young education/resources/everyone-counts. Lives/Farhatullah Beig and compare time spent on tasks, using analogue KNOWLEDGE EXCHANGE AND RESEARCH IMPACT 50
ESRC Impact Prize
ODID’s Olly Owen won an Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC) Celebrating Impact Prize in 2015 for research that is contributing to reform of the Nigerian Police Force. Olly won second prize in the Outstanding Early Career Impact category.
Public security issues are among the biggest challenges to Nigeria’s consolidating democracy and the Nigerian Police Force is central to managing and responding to those challenges. However, there is little existing research on the conditions or performance of the force, and where such research does exist, the voices of police officers themselves are largely absent.
Responding to this gap, Olly’s doctoral work involved an institutional ethnographic study of the Nigerian In addition, his research has been used in training Police Force. He visited 33 sites across the country, programmes run by Justice for All, a policing including spending 16 months in one division in assistance project funded by the UK’s Department North-Central Nigeria, using an approach that for International Development (DfID), and his work combined participant observation fieldwork with on police governance has been taken up by a Nigerian historical, analytical and interview research with NGO, the CLEEN foundation, in their work with the officers past and present. regulatory Police Service Commission. He has recently His findings, which focus on recruitment, training, been working with ODID DPhil student Daniel everyday working practices, morale and structural Agbiboa to support the work of the Nigeria Police issues, were read by the senior leadership of the Forum within London’s Metropolitan Police. Nigerian Police Force, and the Inspector-General Olly’s impact work was supported by an ESRC- of the force has mandated national heads of funded Impact Acceleration award. departments responsible for recruitment, training, management and working practices to examine the The prizes were announced at a ceremony in London findings and make written submissions for policy on 24 June. Olly will use the prize to support ongoing responses. public debates on police reform in Nigeria.
ODID ADVISORY COUNCIL The Advisory Council is made up of external policy and practice can be based. The council has representatives from the University and the wider representation from the University, international world. It was established in 1994 as a successor to agencies, NGOs and government and thus reflects the Governing Body of Queen Elizabeth House a broad spectrum of authoritative opinion and once the latter ceased to be an independent practical experience which is of great value to us. chartered body and became a department of Over the past few years the council has held the University. discussions at its annual meetings on the role The council is tasked to support the department of academic research in UK government policy in outreach and fundraising activities, and to and in the practices of large international NGOs; give guidance on research directions. The council on the interface between academic research and is expected to offer advice on the relationship state policy in developing countries and emerging between our research and its users in government economies, covering Africa, Asia and Latin and civil society – a two-way process where policy America; and on the future of development studies. and development practice affect the research agenda and research provides evidence upon which For membership of the council see p 60. PUBLICATIONS
OXFORD Doyle; Valpy FitzGerald; Joerg Friedrichs; Xiaolan DEVELOPMENT Fu; Matthew Gibney; John Gledhill; Douglas STUDIES Gollin; Nandini Gooptu; Barbara Harriss-White; Oxford Development Studies Judith Heyer; John Knight; Arnim Langer; Adeel is a multidisciplinary Malik; Raufu Mustapha; Laura Rival; Diego academic journal aimed at Sanchez-Ancochea; Frances Stewart; Nikita Sud; the student, research and Sorana Toma; John Toye; Laurence Whitehead; policy-making community, Adrian Wood; Gaston Yalonetzky; Roger Zetter which provides a forum for rigorous and critical ODID WORKING PAPER SERIES analysis of conventional Initiated in 1997, this series reflects the work in theories and policy issues in progress of the members of ODID. The papers are all aspects of development, distributed free of charge via the internet in order and aims to contribute to to stimulate discussion among scholars worldwide. new approaches. It covers a number of disciplines They are also included in the RePEc database related to development, including economics, which is use by IDEAS (Internet Documents in history, politics, anthropology and sociology, and Economics Access Service). publishes quantitative papers as well as surveys of literature. Sanjaya Lall Editors Prizes Editor: Frances Stewart (ODID). The board of ODS awards two Associate Editors: Douglas Gollin, Nandini prizes: an annual prize of £500 Gooptu, Raufu Mustapha, and Diego Sanchez- for the best article published Ancochea (ODID); Rochana Bajpai (Department of in the journal in the preceding Politics and International Studies, SOAS, University year’s issue and a £1000 prize of London, UK); Paula Ballon (Department of every other year for the best article by a student Economics, Universidad del Pacifico, Peru); David published in the previous two years’ issues. The Doyle (Department of Politics and International prizes honour the memory of Professor Sanjaya Relations, University of Oxford) Arnim Langer Lall, formerly Professor of Economics at the (Centre for Research on Peace and Development, University of Oxford and Managing Editor of the journal, who died in 2005. Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Leuven, Belgium); Sorana Toma (Ecole Nationale de la The winning articles in 2014 were: Statistique et de l’Administration Economique, Francesco Burchi & Sara Vicari: ‘To Be or Not to Paris, France); Gaston Yalonetzky (Leeds University Be a Member of a Primary Co-operative in Brazil: Business School, UK). Any Difference in Household Decision-Making Oxford Editorial Board and Gender Equality?’ ODS 42 (3): 343–64 (main prize). Rosemary Thorp (Chair); Christopher Adam; Indrajit Roy: ‘Development as Diginity: Dissensus, Jocelyn Alexander; Rochana Bajpai; Oliver Equality and Contentious Politics in Bihar, India’, Bakewell; Paula Ballon; Alexander Betts; Corneliu ODS 41 (4): 517–36 (student prize). Bjola; Graham K. Brown; Dawn Chatty; Cathryn Costello; Hein de Haas; Stefan Dercon; David PUBLICATIONS 52
DEBATING DEVELOPMENT: A CONVERSATIONAL BLOG FROM ODID RESEARCHERS
ODID runs a departmental blog: Debating Development, which features posts from ODID academics and research students and aims to promote conversation within ODID, as well as dialogue between the department and those interested in our work, on the issues we are researching. In 2014/15, the department ran a blog series on the ‘Sociology of Citizenship’ with Politics in Spires, the joint blog of the Department of Politics and International Relations at Oxford and Cambridge’s Department of Politics and International Studies. Edited by Indrajit Roy with the help of DPhil student Luisa Enria, the series explored the concrete, empirical ways in which people make meaning of citizenship and the manner in which they forge and imagine membership in the political community. Contributors drew on their research in different parts of the world, including South Asia, the Middle East, Eastern Europe, Africa and Latin America.
The blog can be found at http://blog.qeh.ox.ac.uk/.
ODID PUBLICATIONS 2014–15
BOOKS AND MONOGRAPHS Adam, Christopher (with P Collier, M Gondwe) (2014) Costello, Cathryn (with M Freedland) (eds) (2014) Migrants Zambia: Building Prosperity from Resource Wealth, Oxford: at Work: Immigration & Vulnerability in Labour Law, Oxford University Press Oxford: Oxford University Press Alexander, Jocelyn (with J McGregor, M Tendi) (eds) Crivello, Gina (with A Pankhurst, M Bourdillon) (2014) Politics, Patronage and Violence in Zimbabwe, Harare: (eds) (2015) Children’s Work and Labour in East Africa: Weaver Press Social Context and Implications for Policy, Addis Ababa: Organization for Social Science Research in Eastern and Alkire, Sabina (with P Ballon, J Foster, JM Roche, Southern Africa (OSSREA) ME Santos, S Seth) (2015) Multidimensional Poverty Measurement and Analysis: A Counting Approach, Oxford: Fiddian-Qasmiyeh, Elena (2015) South-South Educational Oxford University Press Migration, Humanitarianism and Development: Views from Cuba, North Africa and the Middle East. Oxford: Routledge. Bano, Masooda (with K Sakurai) (eds) (2015) Shaping Global Islamic Discourses: The Role of Al-Azhar, Al-Medina, Fu, Xiaolan (2015) China’s Path to Innovation, Cambridge: and Al-Mustafa, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press Cambridge University Press Bjola, Corneliu (with M Holmes) (eds) (2015) Digital Mustapha, Abdul Raufu (ed) (2014) Sects & Social Diplomacy: Theory and Practice, London and New York: Disorder: Muslim Identities & Conflict in Northern Nigeria, Routledge Martlesham: James Currey Costello, Cathryn (with A Bogg, ACL Davies, J Prassl) Owen, Oliver (with J Beek, M Goepfert & J Steinberg) (eds) (eds) (2015) The Autonomy of Labour Law, Oxford: Hart (2015) Police in Africa: The Street-Level View, London: Hurst Publishing 53 OXFORD DEPARTMENT OF INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2015
CHAPTERS the Stereotypes of the Abusive Asylum Seeker and the Vulnerable Refugee’. In V Chetail, P De Bruycker, F Maiani Bakewell, Oliver (2015) ‘Moving from War to Peace in the (eds) Reforming the Common European Asylum System: The Zambia-Angola Borderlands’. In D Vigneswaran, J Quirk New European Refugee Law, Leiden: Martinus Nijhoff (eds) Mobility Makes States: Migration and Power in Africa, Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press Crivello, Gina (with A Pankhurst, N Chuta, A Tuimelissan, L Valdez, E Wilson, L Woldemedhin) (2014) ‘Child Work Bakewell, Oliver (2014) ‘Encampment and Self-settlement’. and Labour in Ethiopia: Literature Review and Policy In E Fiddian-Qasmiyeh, G Loescher, K Long, N Sigona Implications’. In Ethiopian Society of Sociologists, Social (eds) The Oxford Handbook of Refugee and Forced Migration Workers and Anthropologists (ESSWA) (eds) Social Studies, Oxford: Oxford University Press Transformation in a Period of Growth in Ethiopia, Addis Bano, Masooda (with K Sakuri) (2015) ‘Introduction’. In M Ababa: ESSWA Bano, K Sakurai (eds) Shaping Global Islamic Discourses: The Fiddian-Qasmiyeh, Elena (with YM Qasmiyeh) (2015) Role of Al-Azhar, Al-Medina and Al-Mustafa, Edinburgh: ‘Muslim Asylum-Seekers and Refugees from the Middle East Edinburgh University Press and North Africa: Negotiating Politics, Religion and Identity Bano, Masooda (2015) ‘Protector of the “al-Wasatiyya” in the UK’. In J Beckford (ed) Migration and Religion. Islam: Cairo’s al-Azhar University’. In M Bano, K Sakurai Cheltenham: Edward Elgar. (eds) Shaping Global Islamic Discourses: The Role of Al- Fiddian-Qasmiyeh, Elena (2015) ‘Conflicting Missions? The Azhar, Al-Medina and Al-Mustafa, Edinburgh: Edinburgh Politics of Evangelical Humanitarianism in the Sahrawi and University Press Palestinian Protracted Refugee Situations’. In A Horstmann, Betts, Alexander (with N Omata, L Bloom) (2015) J-H Jung (eds) Building Noah’s Ark: Refugee, Migrant and ‘Humanitarian Innovation and Refugee Protection’. In K Religious Communities. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. Brennan (ed) Making Global Institutions Work, Oxford: Fiddian-Qasmiyeh, Elena (2015) ‘Engendering Routledge Understandings of Faith-Based Organisations: Intersections Bjola, Corneliu (2015) ‘Digital Diplomacy as Change between Religion and Gender in Development and Management’. In C Bjola, M Holmes (eds) Digital Humanitarian Interventions’. In A Coles, L Gray, J Momsen, Diplomacy: Theory and Practice, London and New York: (eds.) Routledge Handbook of Gender and Development. Routledge London: Routledge Bjola, Corneliu (with L Jiang) (2015) ‘Social Media and Flahaux, Marie-Laurence (with J Mangalu, A Rakotonarivo) Public Diplomacy: A Comparative Analysis of the Digital (2014) ‘La situation des migrants congolais en Belgique Diplomatic Strategies of the EU, US and Japan in China’. et leurs liens avec le pays d’origine’. In J Mazzocchetti (ed) In C Bjola, M Holmes (eds) Digital Diplomacy: Theory and Migrations subsahariennes et condition noire en Belgique: Practice, London and New York: Routledge A la croisée des regards. Louvain-la-Neuve: Académia- L’Harmattan. Boyden, Jo (with G Crivello, V Morrow) (2015) ‘Gender, Development, Children and Young People’. In A Coles, L Jones, Will (2015) ‘Diaspora as Anti-Politics: The Case of Gray, J Mommsen (eds) The Routledge Handbook of Gender Rwanda’. In N Sigona, A Gamlen, G Liberatore and H Neveu and Development, London: Routledge Kringelbach (eds) Oxford Diasporas Programme Collection. Oxford: Oxford Diasporas Programme. Boyden, Jo (with V Morrow) (2014) ‘The Ethics of Researching Children’s Well-being’. In A Ben-Arieh, F Casas, Malik, Adeel (2015) ‘The Political Economy of Arab I Frones, J Korbin (eds) Handbook of Child Well-being, Uprisings’. In S Durlauf, L Blume (eds) The New Palgrave Dordrecht: Springer Dictionary of Economics (online edition), Palgrave Macmillan Chatty, Dawn (2015) ‘Iraqi Refugees in the Arab Muslim World: Ottoman Legacies and Orientalist Presumptions’. Morrow, Virginia (with U Vennam) (2015) ‘Those Who In A Fabos, R Isolato (eds) Managing Muslim Mobilities: Are Good to Us, We Call Them Friends: Social Support and Between Spiritual Geographies and the Global Security Social Networks for Children Growing up in Poverty in Regime. London: Palgrave Macmillan. Andhra Pradesh, India’. In L Alanen, L Brooker, B Mayall (eds) Childhood with Bourdieu, Basingstoke: Palgrave Chatty, Dawn (2015) ‘Forced Migration in the Arab World’. Macmillan In S Altorki (ed) A Companion to the Anthropology of the Middle East. London: Wiley Blackwell. Parsons, C. (with LA Winters) (2015) ‘International Migration, Trade and Aid: A Survey’. In REB Lucas (ed) Costello, Cathryn (with M Freedland) (2015) ‘Migrants at International Handbook on Migration and Economic Work and the Division of Labour Law’. In C Costello, M Development. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar. Freedland (eds) Immigration and Vulnerability in Labour Law, Oxford: Oxford University Press Sanchez-Ancochea, Diego (with J Martínez Franzoni) (2014) ‘Incorporation and Regionalism in Latin America’. Costello, Cathryn (2015) ‘Migrants and Forced Labour: A In E Vivares (ed) Exploring the New South American Labour Law Response’. In A Bogg, C Costello, ACL Davies, Regionalism, London: Ashgate J Prassl (eds) The Autonomy of Labour Law, Oxford: Hart Publishing Spannaus, Nathan (2014) ‘Theology in Central Asia’. In S Schmidtke (ed) The Oxford Handbook of Islamic Theology Costello, Cathryn (with E Hancox) (2015) ‘The Recast (online edition), Oxford University Press Asylum Procedures Directive 2013/32/EU: Caught between PUBLICATIONS 54
JOURNAL ARTICLES Bjola, Corneliu (2015) ‘How to use Momentum Analysis to Explain and Forecast the Outcome of Adam, Christopher (with D Gollin) (2015) ‘Editors’ International Negotiations?’, International Negotiation 20 Introduction: The Economics of the Global Food and (2): 319–49 Agriculture System’, Oxford Review of Economic Policy 31 (1): 1–4 Bjola, Corneliu (2014) ‘Diplomatic Leadership in Times of International Crisis: The Maverick, the Congregator and Adam, Christopher (with D Bevan) (2015) ‘Fiscal Reforms the Pragmatist’, The Hague Journal of Diplomacy 10 (1) 4–9 and Public Investment in Africa’, Journal of African Economies 24 (s2): 16–42 Bjola, Corneliu (2014) ‘Understanding Enmity and Friendship in World Politics: The Case for a Diplomatic Akter, Shaheen (with S Rahman) (2014) ‘Determinants Approach’, The Hague Journal of Diplomacy 8 (1): 1–20 of Livelihood Choices: An Empirical Analysis from Rural Bangladesh’, Journal of South Asian Development 9 (3): Boyden, Jo (with G Crivello) (2014) ‘On Childhood and 287–308 Risk: An Exploration of Children’s Everyday Experiences in Rural Peru’, Children and Society 28 (5): 380–91 Alkire, Sabina (with S Seth) (2015) ‘Multidimensional Poverty Reduction in India between 1999 and 2006: Where Boyden, Jo (with S Dercon, A Singh) (2014) ‘Child and How?’, World Development 72: 93–108 Development in a Changing World: Risks and Opportunities’, World Bank Research Observer [online] Alkire, Sabina (with JM Roche, S Seth, A Sumner) (2015) ‘Identifying the Poorest People and Groups: Strategies Using Brachet, Julien (with J Scheele) (2015) ‘L’envers du the Global Multidimensional Poverty Index’, Journal of tourisme au Sahara Tchadien. Entre jeu politique national International Development 27 (3): 362–87 et indifferences locales’, Cahiers d’etudes africaines LV (217): 107–31 Betts, Alexander (2015) ‘Book Review Symposium on Survival Migration: Failed Governance and the Crisis of Brachet, Julien (with J Scheele) (2015) ‘Fleeting Glory in Displacement’, European Political Science 14 (1): 59–73 a Wasteland: Wealth, Politics and Autonomy in Northern Chad’, Comparative Studies in Society and History 57 (3): Bjola, Corneliu (2015) ‘Diplomacy as World Disclosure: Overlooking the 723–52 A Fractal Theory of Crisis Management’, British Journal of hall, Mansfield Road. Politics and International Relations [online] Credit: Keith Barnes 55 OXFORD DEPARTMENT OF INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2015
Chaudhary, Ali (2015) ‘Racialized Incorporation: The Gibney, Matthew J (2015) ‘Refugees and Justice Effects of Race and Generational Status on Self-Employment between States’, European Journal of Political Theory [online] and Industry-Sector Prestige in the United States’, Gibney, Matthew J (2014) ‘The Deprivation of Citizenship International Migration Review 49 (2): 318–54 in the United Kingdom: A Brief History’, Journal of Costello, Cathryn (with M Mouzourakis) (2014) ‘Reflections Immigration, Asylum and Nationality Law 28 (4) on Reading Tarakhel’, Asiel&Migrantenrecht 10: 404–11 Gooptu, Nandini (2015) ‘New Spirituality, Politics of Crivello, Gina (with V Morrow) (2015) ‘What Is the Self-empowerment, Citizenship and Democracy in Value of Qualitative Longitudinal Research with Children Contemporary India’, Modern Asian Studies [online] and Young People for International Development?’, Jones, Will (2015) ‘Potemkin Pluralism: Rwanda’s International Journal of Social Research Methodology 18 (3): Exclusionary Inclusive Constitution’, Good Governance 267–80 Africa 32: 5–8 Crivello, Gina (2015) ‘“There’s No Future Here”: The Time Jones, Will (2014) ‘Rwanda: the Way Forward’, The Round and Place of Children’s Migration Aspirations in Peru’, Table: The Commonwealth Journal of International Affairs Geoforum: 38–46 103: 4 Czaika, Mathias (with M Villares-Varela) (2014) ‘Labour Malik, Adeel (2014) ‘A Requiem for the Arab Development Market Activity, Occupational Change and Length of Stay in Model’, Journal of International Affairs 68 (1): 93–115 the Gulf’’ Migration Studies [online] Malik, Adeel (with U Hayat) (2014) ‘Islamic Finance: Ethics, Dercon, Stefan (with D Gollin) (2014) ‘Agriculture in Principles and Practice’, CFA Research Foundation Reviews 9 African Development: Theories and Strategies’, Annual (3): 1–120 Review of Resource Economics 6: 471–92 Masino, Serena (2015) ‘Macroeconomic Volatility, Dornan, Paul (with M Woodhead, H Murray) ‘What Institutional Instability and the Incentive to Innovate’, Inequality Means for Children: Findings from Young Lives’, Review of Development Economics 19 (1): 116–31 International Journal of Children’s Rights 22 (3): 467–501 Moullan, Yasser (with F Jusot) (2014) ‘Why is the “Healthy Ersanilli, Evelyn (with S Carol, M Wagner) (2014) ‘Spousal Immigrant Effect” Different between European Countries?’ Choice among the Children of Turkish and Moroccan European Journal of Public Health 24 (1): 80–6. Immigrants in Six European Countries: Transnational Spouse or Co-ethnic Migrant?’, International Migration Moullan, Yasser (with Y Bourgueil) (2014) ‘The Review 48 (2): 387–414 International Migration of Doctors: Impacts and Political Implications’, Issues in Health Economics/Questions Fiddian-Qasmiyeh, Elena (with A Ager) (2015) ‘Local Faith d’economie de la sante 203 (November) Communities and the Promotion of Resilience in Contexts ofrHumanitarian Crisis’, Journal of Refugee Studies 28 (2) Natter, Katharina (2014) ‘The Formation of Morocco’s 202–21 Policy Towards Irregular Migration (2000–2007): Political Rationale and Policy Processes’, International Migration 52 Fiddian-Qasmiyeh, Elena (2015) ‘Embracing (5): 15–28 Transculturalism and Footnoting Islam in Accounts of Arab Migration to Cuba,’ Interventions: International Journal of Omata, Naohiko (2014) ‘The End of Refugee Life?’Peace Postcolonial Studies [online] Review: Journal of Social Justice 26 (3): 394–491 Flahaux, Marie-Laurence (2015) ‘Return Migration Owen, Oliver (with S-J Cooper-Knock) (2014) ‘Between to Senegal and DR Congo: Intention and Realisation’, Vigilantism and Bureaucracy: Improving Our Understanding Population 70 (1): 97–124 of Police Work in Nigeria and South Africa’, Theoretical Criminology 19 (3): 355–75 Flahaux, Marie-Laurence (with C Beauchemin, B Schoumaker) (2014) ‘From Europe to Africa: Return Owen, Oliver (with Z Usman) (2015) ‘Briefing: Why Migration to Senegal and the DRC’, Population and Societies Goodluck Jonathan Lost the Nigerian Presidential Election 515 of 2015’, African Affairs 114 (456): 455–71 Fu, Xiaolan (with H Xiong, J Li and H Chesbrough) (2014) Parsons, Christopher (with Ç Özden) (2015) ‘On the ‘Open Innovation as a Response to Constrains and Risks and Economic Geography of International Migration’, World the Moderating Role of Ownership’, Asian Economic Papers Economy [online] 13 (3): 30–58 Parsons, Christopher (with C Loschmann, M Siegel) (2015) Georgiadis, Andreas (with B Crookston, R Forste, C ‘Does Shelter Assistance Reduce Poverty in Afghanistan?’, McClellan, T Heaton) (2014) ‘Factors Associated with World Development 74: 305–22 Cognitive Achievement in Late Childhood and Adolescence: Parsons, Christopher (with E Artuç, F Docquier, Ç Özden) The Young Lives Cohort Study of Children in Ethiopia, (2014) ‘A Global Assessment of Human Capital Mobility: India, Peru, and Vietnam’, BMC Pediatrics 14: 253 The Role of non-OECD Destinations’, World Development Georgiadis, Andreas (with C Pitelis) (2014) ‘The Impact 65: 6–26 of Employees’ and Managers’ Training on the Performance Parsons, Christopher (with M Beine) (2014) ‘Climatic of Small- and Medium-Sized Enterprises: Evidence from a Factors as Determinants of International Migration’, Randomised Natural Experiment in the UK Service Sector’, Scandinavian Journal of Economics 117 (2): 723–67 British Journal of Industrial Relations [online] PUBLICATIONS 56
Pells, Kirrily (with E Wilson and N Hang) ‘Negotiating Peace-Building’, New Diversities 16 (2): 71–87 Agency in Cases of Intimate Partner Violence in Vietnam’, Vezzoli, Simona (with R Ramirez, M Mukherjee, A Matus Global Public Health: An International Journal for Research, Kramer) (2015) ‘Scenarios as a Scholarly Methodology to Policy and Practice [online] Produce “Interesting Resesarch”’, Futures 71: 70–87 Roy, Indrajit (2014) ‘Reserve Labor, Unreserved Politics: Dignified Encroachments under India’s National Rural PAPERS AND REPORTS FOR EXTERNAL Employment Guarantee Scheme’, Journal of Peasant Studies 14 (4): 517–45 ORGANISATIONS Alkire, Sabina (2015) Well-being, Happiness, and Public Sanchez-Ancochea, Diego (with J Martínez Franzoni) Policy. The Centre for Bhutan Studies and GNH Research (2014) ‘Filling in the Missing Link between Universalism and Democracy: The Case of Costa Rica’, Latin American Alkire, Sabina (with E Samman) (2014) Mobilising the Politics and Society 56 (4): 98–118 Household Data Required to Progress toward the SDGs. Briefing Paper. Sustainable Development Solutions Network Sanchez-Ancochea, Diego (with J Martínez Franzoni) (2014) ‘The Double Challenge of Market and Social Betts, Alexander (with L Bloom) (2014) Humanitarian Incorporation: Progress and Bottlenecks in Latin America’, Innovation: The State of the Art. United Nations Office for Development Policy Review 32 (3): 275–98 the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (UN OCHA). Singh, Abhijeet (2015) ‘Private School Effects in Urban Costello, Cathryn (with E Guild, M Garlick, V Moreno- and Rural India: Panel Estimates at Primary and Secondary Lax, M Mouzourakis, S Carrera) (2014) New Approaches, School Ages’, Journal of Development Economics 113: 16–32 Alternative Avenues and Means of Access to Asylum Procedures for Persons Seeking International Protection. Spannaus, Nathan (2014) ‘Formalism, Puritanicalism, A Study for the LIBE Committee. Brussels: European Traditionalism: Approaches to Islamic Legal Reasoning in Parliament. the 19th-Century Russian Empire’, The Muslim World 104: 354–78 Dornan, Paul (with MJ Ogando Portela and K Pells) (2014) Climate Shocks, Food and Nutrition Security, Oxfam Spannaus, Nathan (2015) ‘Šihāb al-Dīn al-Mar ānī on the ǧ Research Report Divine Attributes: A Study in Kalām in the 19th Century’, Arabica 62: 74–98 Dornan, Paul (with M Woodhead) (2015) How Inequalities Develop through Childhood: Life-course Evidence from Young van Houte, Marieke (2014) ‘Returnees for Change? Afghan Lives, UNICEF Office of Research-Innocenti Discussion Return Migrants’ Identification with the Conflict and their Paper Series: Perspectives on Equity. Potential to be Agents of Change’, Conflict, Security and Development 14 (5): 565–91 Fu, Xiaolan (2014) What Potential Does Open Innovation An MPhil seminar Hold for Asia. The Economist Intelligence Unit. in progress. van Houte, Marieke (with M Siegel, T Davids) (2014) Credit: Keith Barnes ‘Return to Afghanistan: Migration as Reinforcement of Socio-economic Stratification’, Population, Space and Place [online] van Houte, Marieke (with T Davids) (2014) ‘Moving Back or Moving Forward? Return Migration, Development and
Publication Awards
Kirsten McConnachie was joint winner of the Socio-Legal Studies Association Early Career Book Prize for her book Governing Refugees: Justice, Order and Legal Pluralism. Indrjait Roy won the Sanjaya Lall Prize for Student Submissions for his article ‘Development as Diginity: Dissensus, Equality and Contentious Politics in Bihar, India’, Oxford Development Studies 41 (4): 517–36. The Rinus Penninx Best Paper Award was awarded to Marie-Laurence Flahaux and Hein de Haas of the International Migration Institute at ODID for their paper ‘Migration from, to and within Africa: The Role of Development and States’ at the 11th Annual IMISCOE Conference. PEOPLE
As of 31 July 2015, the department had 105 staff members, Reflecting the multi- and inter-disciplinary nature of including 65 academic and research staff. These include: our teaching and research, ODID’s appointments cover a wide range of academic disciplines, including economics, • 9 Professors politics, international relations, history, anthropology, law • 12 Associate Professors and sociology as well as development studies itself. • 6 Departmental Lecturers Our administrative and support staff play an important Of our core academic teaching staff, nearly 40 per cent part in the life of the department, providing the logistical are professors, reflecting the very high standing of the and material framework within which research and department. Most of these senior appointments have been teaching can take place. Their dedication to our mission made by the University in its periodic distinction exercises has been an important determinant of our success in to reward outstanding, internationally recognised research. recent years. We are fortunate to have a large and dedicated team of Finally, the diversity of our staff reflects our commitment research officers and outreach staff in our six research to international development objectives. Among our core groups who not only generate high-quality empirical academic teaching staff, 57 per cent are women and more research and raise large external funding, but also provide than 90 per cent are of non-UK origin. an important bridge between our scholarship and the outside world.
Awards, Honours and Prizes
nomadic pastoral tribes and refugee young people. ODID Head of Department Nandini Gooptu was invited to join the British Academy’s South Asia Panel. The panel provides the Academy with expert advice in relation to South Asia, helping to inform and shape the Academy’s engagement with the region. Dawn Chatty Nandini Gooptu Alexander Betts Dawn Chatty, Professor of Anthropology and Forced Refugee Studies Centre Director Alexander Betts, Migration, was elected as a Fellow of the British has been awarded the title of Professor in the annual Academy in recognition of her outstanding research. Recognition of Distinction exercise. He is now Leopold She is a social anthropologist whose ethnographic Muller Professor of Refugee and Forced Migration interests lie in the Middle East, particularly with Studies.
ACADEMIC AND Masooda Bano Management), Humanitarian Innovation RESEARCH STAFF Principal Investigator, Changing Structures Project, RSC of Islamic Authority, and Associate Professor Christopher Adam Michael Bloomfield Professor of Development Economics Liza Benny Departmental Lecturer in Global Quantitative Research Assistant, Young Governance Jocelyn Alexander Lives Professor of Commonwealth Studies Jo Boyden Alexander Betts Professor of International Development and Sabina Alkire Professor of Refugee and Forced Migration Director, Young Lives Director, OPHI Studies and Director, RSC Julien Brachet* Bridget Azubuike* Naluwembe Binaisa** Marie Curie Fellow, IMI Quantitative Research Assistant, Young Research Officer, IMI Lives Graham Bray Corneliu Bjola Programme Manager, Young Lives Oliver Bakewell Associate Professor of Diplomatic Studies Co-Director and Senior Research Officer, Stefano Caria* IMI, and Associate Professor Louise Bloom Departmental Lecturer in Development Research Officer (Engineering/ Economics PEOPLE 58
Imane Chaara Radhika Goyal** Christopher Razavian* Departmental Lecturer in International Growth Centre Research Officer, Changing Structures Development Economics Economist of Islamic Authority Dawn Chatty Nandini Gooptu Laura Rival Professor of Anthropology and Forced Associate Professor of South Asian Associate Professor of Anthropology Migration Studies and Head of Department and Development Ali Chaudhary* Jun Hou Gisela Robles Aguilar Marie Curie Research Fellow, IMI Research Officer, TMCD Research Officer in Multidimensional Poverty, OPHI Robin Cohen Bouba Housseini Professor Emeritus of Development Research Officer, OPHI Jen Roest* Studies and Principal Investigator, Qualitative Research Assistant, Young Zoe James Oxford Diasporas Programme Lives Education Research Officer, Young Cathryn Costello Lives Indrajit Roy Andrew W Mellon Associate Professor ESRC Future Research Leader Christoph Jindra* of International Human Rights and Research Officer, OPHI Diego Sanchez-Ancochea Refugee Law Associate Professor of the Political Dominique Jolivet Gina Crivello Economy of Latin America Research Assistant, EUMAGINE Senior Research Officer, Young Lives Project, IMI Suman Seth** Mathias Czaika Senior Research Officer, OPHI Adeel Malik Senior Research Officer, IMI Islamic Centre Lecturer in the Olivia Sheringham** Hein de Haas** Economies of Muslim Societies Research Officer, Diaspora and Associate Professor of Migration Creolisation Project, IMI Serena Masino Studies and Co-Director, IMI Research Officer, MNEmerge Project, Abhijeet Singh Stefan Dercon TMCD Quantitative Research Officer, Young University Professor of Development Lives Kirsten McConnachie Economics Joyce Pearce Junior Research Fellow at Anne Solon Evelyn Ersanilli Lady Margaret Hall Data Manager, Young Lives Departmental Lecturer in Migration Virginia Morrow Nathan Spannaus Studies Senior Research Officer, Young Lives, Research Officer, Changing Structures Patricia Espinoza and Associate Professor of Islamic Authority Quantitative Research Assistant, Young Yasser Moullan Frances Stewart Lives Research Officer, MIGRASKIL Project, Professor Emeritus in Development Marta Favara* IMI Economics and Editor, Oxford Research Officer, Young Lives Development Studies Abdul Raufu Mustapha Marie-Laurence Flahaux Associate Professor of African Politics Nikita Sud Research Officer, DEMIG Project, IMI Associate Professor of Development Katharina Natter** Studies Joerg Friedrichs Research Assistant, DEMIG Project, Associate Professor of Politics IMI Miles Blessing Tendi Departmental Lecturer in African Maria Franco Gavonel** Christopher Parsons** History and Politics Research Assistant, Young Lives Research Officer, MIGRASKIL Project, IMI Dr Sorana Toma** Xiaolan Fu Research Officer, ISMOSA Survey, IMI Professor of Technology and Maria Jose Ogando Portela International Development Quantitative Research Assistant, Young Nicolas van de Sijpe** Lives Departmental Lecturer in Andreas Georgiadis Development Economics Senior Research Officer, Young Lives Naohiko Omata Research Officer (Social Sciences), Marieke van Houte* Matthew J Gibney Humanitarian Innovation Project, RSC Marie Curie Research Fellow, IMI Elizabeth Colson Professor of Politics and Forced Migration Oliver Owen Simona Vezzoli** ESRC Future Research Leaders Fellow Research Officer, IMI John Gledhill Associate Professor of Global Rosana Pinheiro-Machado Giacomo Zanello** Governance Departmental Lecturer in the Research Officer, DILIC Project, Anthropology of Development TMCD Douglas Gollin Professor of Development Economics Jean-Philippe Plateau** Ina Zharkevich** Senior Research Fellow Research Assistant, Young Lives 59 OXFORD DEPARTMENT OF INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2015
PUBLICATIONS AND Maurice Herson Ingrid Locatelli OUTREACHECR Career STAFFSuccesses Forced Migration Review Co-Editor, RSC Project Coordinator, IMI Tamsin Kelk* Andonis Marden* We are delighted that a number of our Communications and Information Part-time FMR Promotion and Finance early career researchers have gone on Coordinator, RSC Assistant to secure high-calibre academic and research positions during 2014/15: Caroline Knowles Laurence Medley Communications Manager, Young Lives Accounts Officer, RSC Naluwembe Binaisa, IMI Research Officer, is now a Postdoctoral Research Ian McClelland** Nora Novak Fellow at the Max Planck Institute Communications and Information Postgraduate Courses Coordinator Coordinator, RSC Evelyn Ersanilli, Departmental Laura O’Mahony** Lecturer in Migration Studies, is Jenny Peebles* Project Coordinator, OPHI leaving to become Assistant Professor Communications and Outreach Officer, Christine Pollard in Sociology at VU University IMI (maternity cover) Part-time Project Accounts Officer, Young Amsterdam Kirrily Pells Lives Christopher Parsons, IMI Research Policy Officer, Young Lives Penny Rogers Officer, is now Assistant Professor at Receptionist the University of Western Australia SUPPORT STAFF Nicola Shepard Olivia Sheringham, IMI Research Shaheen Akter Project Coordinator, CSIA/IGC Officer, is now a Postdoctoral Research Part-time Survey Management Assistant, Fellow at Queen Mary University of MNEmerge Project Andrea Smith* London Postgraduate Courses Coordinator Jane Ashford* Sorana Toma, IMI Research Officer, is Administrative Assistant Caroline Taylor now Assistant Professor of Sociology Research Co-ordinator at ENSAE-CREST (Ecole Nationale Hazel Ashurst** Denise Watt de la Statistique et de l’Administration Data Coordinator, Young Lives Assistant to the Head of Department Economique) Dominique Attala Nina Weaver Nicolas van de Sijpe, Departmental Graduate Student Administrator Project Coordinator, Humanitarian Lecturer in Economics, is now Anneli Chambliss Innovation Project Lecturer in Economics at the Administrator, RSC University of Sheffield *Joined during 2014/15 Sue Chen Giacomo Zanello, TMCD Research Accounts Assistant **Left during 2014/15 Officer, is now a Research Fellow at Michelle Chew** the London School of Hygiene and VISITORS Tropical Medicine Research Coordinator, Young Lives Rachel Crawford ODID welcomes scholars from IT Support Officer abroad or from elsewhere in the Claire Battye* UK who wish to pursue research at Research Communications Officer, OPHI Luci Cummings Assistant to the Head of Administration Oxford in the area of development Joannah Boyce studies. Visiting scholars work on Information Officer Zoe Falk Administrative Assistant, IMI their own research projects while at Helen Bunting** Oxford and have the opportunity Communications Assistant, RSC Natasha Francis to attend and participate in a wide Project Assistant, OPHI Marion Couldrey variety of lectures and seminars Forced Migration Review Co-Editor, RSC Steven Gillenwater** across the University. Their Administrator, Young Lives Rosaleen Cunningham* research will fall broadly within Communications Officer, Young Lives Wendy Grist the research categories covered ODID Accounts Officer by the department; our research Paul Dornan Senior Policy Officer, Young Lives Cai Heath* groups encourage affiliations Project Coordinator, OPHI from academics working in their Sharon Ellis particular fields. Forced Migration Review Assistant, RSC Ingrid Jooren* Administrative Coordinator, Young Lives Heidi El-Megrisi** The following academics visited the International Summer School and Julia Knight department in 2014/15: Conferences Manager, RSC ODID Head of Administration Ruba Al Akash, Kent University, Jordan Heidi Fletcher Marina Kujic (RSC) Administrative Secretary Web Manager, OPHI Jorge Alvarez, Princeton University Sarah Laseke* Tara-Sienna Hartman Johara Berriane, Freie Universität Berlin Postgraduate Course Coordinator Acting Summer School and Outreach Event (IMI) Coordinator, RSC (maternity cover) PEOPLE 60
Rafael Cazarin, University of the Basque Christopher Allsopp Steve Rayner Country (IMI) Department of Economics Oxford Martin School Bruno Codispoti (RSC) Sudhir Anand Mari Sako Department of Economics Said Business School Belinda Dodson, University of Western Ontario (IMI) William Beinart Stanley Ulijaszek School of Interdisciplinary Area Studies Institute of Social and Cultural Mariagiulia Giuffre, Edge Hill University Anthropology (RSC) Nancy Bermeo Department of Politics and International Olaf Kleist, Institute for Migration Nicholas Van Hear Relations Research and Intercultural Studies, Centre on Migration, Policy and Society University Osnabrück (RSC) Christopher Davis Laurence Whitehead Department of Economics Linessa Dan Lin, Chinese University of Nuffield College Hong Kong (IMI) Jan-Georg Deutsch Ngaire Woods Faculty of History Kathryn Marsh, University of Sydney Blavatnik School of Government (RSC) Ray Fitzpatrick Baio Xiang Nuffield Department of Population Health Bruce McKern, Stanford University Centre on Migration, Policy and (TMCD) David Gellner Society/Institute of Social and Cultural Institute of Social and Cultural Angele Flora Mendy, Université de Anthropology Anthropology Lausanne (IMI) Ian Goldin Laura Messina, University of Pavia (RSC) ODID ADVISORY COUNCIL James Martin School Alvaro Morcillo Espina, University of Tilman Brück Roger Goodman Navarra (IMI) Director, International Security and Social Sciences Division Development Center (ISDC), Berlin Philip Orchard, University of Queensland Sarah Harper (RSC) Sarah Cook Oxford Institute of Ageing Director, United Nations Research Institute Matthew Osborne, Australian National Pegram Harrison for Social Development (UNRISD) University (RSC) Said Business School Ricardo Fuentes-Nieva Catherine Porter, Heriott-Watt University Mark Harrison Head of Research, Oxfam (Young Lives) Wellcome Unit for the History of Medicine Tamas Regi Kodolányi János, University of Nic Hailey Renee Hirschon Applied Sciences, Hungary (RSC) Director Africa, Foreign and St Peter’s College Commonwealth Office (FCO) Jorge Arturo Salcedo Ramirez, Elisabeth Hsu Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá (RSC) David Hulme Institute of Social and Cultural University of Manchester Kim Samuel (OPHI) Anthropology Andrew Hurrell Benjamin Schewel, Katholieke Universiteit Andrew Hurrell Montague Burton Professor of International Leuven (RSC) Department of Politics and International Relations, University of Oxford Guobing Shen, Fudan University (TMCD) Relations Niraja Jayal Gopal David Johnson Kaihua Chen, Chinese Academy of Jawaharlal Nehru University Sciences (TMCD) Department of Education Peter Kemp Yangyang Shen, Beijing Normal University Neil MacFarlane Vice-Dean, Blavatnik School of (OPHI) Department of Politics and International Government, University of Oxford Relations Nicolai Suppa Dortmund University Helena Kennedy (OPHI) Matthew McCartney School of Interdisciplinary Area Studies Principal, Mansfield College, University of Milo Vandemoortele, London School of Oxford Economics (Young Lives) David Mills Department of Education Frances Stewart Dorota Woroniecka-Krzyzanowska, Professor Emeritus in Development Rana Mitter Polish Academy of Sciences (RSC) Economics, University of Oxford Department of Politics and International For further information on visiting ODID, Relations Rosemary Thorp see www.qeh.ox.ac.uk/about/visitors. Fellow Emeritus of St Antony’s College, Rachel Murphy University of Oxford OXFORD ASSOCIATES School of Interdisciplinary Area Studies Emma Plugge John Toye Our Oxford Associates are colleagues with Honorary Associate, ODID (Chair) Oxford University academic appointments Nuffield Department of Population Health or similar positions in colleges who work David Pratten Kevin Watkins on development and have research and/or African Studies Centre Director, Overseas Development Institute teaching links with ODID: (ODI) OXFORD DEPARTMENT OF INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT Queen Elizabeth House University of Oxford 3 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TB, UK +44 1865 281800
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Cover photo: Bonda women, washing dishes in Sitakund Credit: Srujana Katta, MPhil in Devleopment Studies 2013–15 Above picture: The original architect’s drawing for the house at 3 Mansfield Road.Credit: The Bodleian Library, University of Oxford. Ref: GE 17D