RSC Annual Report 2019-2020
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"Where There Is a Promise, There Is a Tragedy"
"Where there is a promise, there is a tragedy" Cross-border bombings and shellings of villages in the Kurdish region of Iraq by the nations of Turkey and Iran TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Christian Peacemaker Teams (CPT) – Iraq . 4 Introduction . 5 Part I Recent Turkish and Iranian Military Attacks into Iraq: December, 2007 – December 2009. ………………….. 7 Part II Violation of International Laws. 24 Part III A Brief History of Iraqi Kurdish/Turkish Relations. .. 31 Photographs of villagers of Zharawa . 41 APPENDICES Appendix 1 Glossary of abbreviations. 44 Appendix 2 Military Action Calendar (August, 2008 – June, 2009). 46 Appendix 3 Turkish bases in Iraq . 52 Appendix 4 Maps . 54 __________________ Cover Art from the Kurdish Textile Museum: a sample of Iraqi Kurdish textile weaving of the Keji design. The weaving, made of wool, contains a pre-historic symbol for peace and happiness. This piece is from a belt. The belt, traditionally made by young girls or their mothers, is used to tie the girl's dowry together. The title quotation for the report is from the grandfather of a Kurdish friend of CPT; it means that every time governments have promised something to the Kurds, a tragedy inevitably followed. - 2 - Dedication The authors wish to dedicate this report to the over 1 million displaced villagers that have entrusted us with their tears and sorrow, hopes and dreams and their desire to return to a life of dignity. During the 2 year period in which CPT collected the research for this report, we have come to love and respect these villagers. We recognize their tremendous determination and tenacity to preserve village life and their desire to be contributing members of Kurdish society within the KRG. -
Official General Report on Northern Iraq (April 2000) Contents Page
Official general report on Northern Iraq (April 2000) Contents Page 1. Introduction 4 2. Information on the country 6 2.1. Basic facts 6 2.1.1. Country and people 6 2.1.2. History 8 2.2. System of government 17 2.3. Political developments 20 2.3.1. Internal relations 20 2.3.2. External forces 31 2.4. Security situation 36 2.5. Social and economic situation 48 2.6. Conclusions 53 3. Human rights 55 3.1. Safeguards 55 3.1.1. Constitution 55 3.1.2. Other national legislation 55 3.1.3. Conventions 56 3.2. Monitoring 56 3.3. Respect and violations 58 3.3.1. Freedom of opinion 58 3.3.2. Freedom of association and of assembly 59 3.3.3. Freedom of religion 60 3.3.4. Freedom of movement 73 3.3.5. Judicial process 83 3.3.6. Arrest and detention 84 3.3.7. Maltreatment and torture 87 3.3.8. Extra-judicial executions and murders 87 10804/00 dre/LG/mc 2 DG H I EN 3.3.9. Death penalty 87 3.4. Position of specific groups 88 3.4.1. Turkmens 88 3.4.2. Staff of international organisations 91 3.4.3. Conscripts, deserters and servicemen 96 3.4.4. Independent intellectuals and journalists 98 3.4.5. Prominent political activists 99 3.4.6. Fayli Kurds 99 3.4.7. Women 101 3.4.8. Orphaned minors 104 3.5. Summary 104 4. Refugees and displaced persons 106 4.1. Motives 106 4.2. -
7 December 2017
DAILY SUMMARY – 7 DECEMBER 2017 1. Detonation at Makhmour Refugee Camp 2. Murder of a Police Major near the North Oil Company in Kirkuk 3. Reports of increased IS presence and activity along the Salah ad Din border with Diyala 4. ISF conclude preparations and are poised to clear remaining IS held areas in the deserts of Anbar 5. Demonstration occurs outside the Umm al-Qura Mosque denouncing the US decision to recognize Jerusalem as Israel’s capital 6. An IED detonates outside a lawyer’s office in Manawi Basha, central Basra 7. A grenade is thrown at a house owned by the Speaker of the House of Representatives, Salim al-Jubouri, wounding a security guard North: At approximately 1845 hours on 6 December, a detonation was reported at the Makhmour / Martyr Rostam Judi Refugee Camp (38SLE7386758291). The camp, which is located east of Makhmour Town, is guarded by PKK fighters, and shelters over 10,000 Sunni Kurdish refugees from Turkey. At least five individuals were killed and eight others were wounded, with the wounded evacuated to hospitals in Erbil. Most if not all of the casualties were said to be PKK fighters. A number of buildings were damaged or destroyed. Members of the Makhmour Camp Council stated the incident was an airstrike, with a rocket targeting a training post for PKK fighters affiliated with the site. Alluding to Turkish responsibility, the statement denounced Baghdad as being responsible due to federal control of Iraqi airspace, and called on the GoI, UN, and other organizations to investigate these events. In additional reporting, a former senior Council Member named Leyla Arzu Ilhan stated that “Residents saw a flash in the sky then heard a loud explosion, so this points to an aerially launched device.” Ilhan speculated that this action may have come as part of increasing Turkish pressures to free two MIT members who were captured by the PKK in Sulaymaniyah in August. -
Refugee Annual Report
Annual Report 2014–2015 © UNHCR / Socrates Baltagiannis © UNHCR / Socrates Mobile bicycle market stall made from wood sheeting, Za’atari refugee camp, Jordan RSC / L Bloom Contents Director’s foreword 3 Our research 4 Policy and impact 12 A world in turmoil FEATURE ARTICLE 15 The Mediterranean crisis and the EU response FEATURE ARTICLE 16 Study and learning 18 A tribute to Dawn Chatty on her retirement FEATURE ARTICLE 23 Environmental displacement governance FEATURE ARTICLE 24 Events 26 The cessation of refugee status for Rwandan and Eritrean refugees FEATURE ARTICLE 30 The history of humanitarian nutrition FEATURE ARTICLE 32 Outreach 34 Fundraising and development 39 Academic record 40 Income and expenditure 47 Staff and associates 48 Front cover photo: A young Afghan boy and other new arrivals transiting through Turkey disembark from a boat on the Greek island of Lesbos. Compiled by Tamsin Kelk Design and production by Oxford University Design Studio Cover photo credits © UNHCR / Socrates Baltagiannis 1 A Somali refugee woman and her children in the streets of Kakuma refugee camp, Kenya © UNHCR / Benjamin Loyseau Professor Matthew J Gibney with students at the International Summer School in Forced Migration 2015 RSC / T Kelk 2 Director’s foreword It has been a year in which refugees Importantly, though, we have also engaged with partners at a more ‘local’ level. We have held field-based have rarely been out of the news. workshops, including in Johannesburg, Nairobi, and Refugees and forced displacement are Kampala, and short courses in Beirut and Amman. We have also tried to engage more with the Oxford rapidly becoming one of the defining community, hosting a panel session as part of Oxford issues of the twenty-first century. -
Political August 20, 2014 Italy Considers Sending Arms To
Political August 20, 2014 Italy considers sending arms to Peshmerga forces Rome: Italy is considering supplying arms to Iraqi Kurds "within two or three days" to help them battle the militant group calling itself the Islamic State, the Italian Defence Ministry said Tuesday. (Ekurd.net) Kurdish negotiating delegation to arrive Baghdad next week: Othman Baghdad: A leading figure of the Kurdistan Alliance, former MP, Mahmoud Othman said "Kurdish negotiating delegation would arrive in Baghdad early next week”, stressing that high demands of the political blocs would make it difficult to form a new government. (ninanews.com) Clashes between PKK fighters and IS militants in Sinjar Sinjar: Clashes broke out between PKK guerrillas, Sinjar Resistance Units (YBŞ) and ISIS (Islamic State of Iraq and Sham) militants in Sikînê village of Sinjar. (firtatnews.com) IS militants force Kurdish people to flee Jalawla Diyala: An official spokesman of Patriotic Union of Kurdistan (PUK) in Khanaqin, Hemin Mansour, said that Islamic State (IS) militants have started to evict any remaining Kurdish families from Jalawla and have demolished some houses belonging to Kurdish residents of the town. (basnews.com) August 21, 2014 British citizen killed in Erbil Erbil: A police source in Erbil revealed on Thursday death of a British citizen working in one of the private companies, while storming a house in the English village in the center of Erbil. (shafaaq.com) Bremer: American heavy weapons on their way to Peshmerga forces The former American civil governor in Iraq announced that US heavy and modern arms were uploaded by sea on its way to Kurdistan region to be delivered to Peshmerga forces that are fighting terrorists of the Islamic State of Iraq and Sham (ISIS), stressing that the U.S. -
UNHCR Fundraising
Egypt, Lebanon, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, THE MIDDLEIsrael, SyrianEAST Arab Republic, Jordan, United Arab Emirates, Kuwait, Yemen. MID THE MIDDLE EAST THE DLE EA REGIONAL OVERVIEW S T R E G I O N A L O V E R V I E W Recent Developments In June 1999, the Government of Iraq announced The continuing political instability in the region an exemption from prosecution for Iraqis who since the 1991 Gulf War has led to an increase in had left the country by illegal or fraudulent means. the number of asylum-seekers approaching UNHCR This announcement was followed by the issuance offices. To meet this increase, UNHCR has strength- by the Iraqi embassy in Teheran of travel docu- ened its protection capacity in the region and ments to Iraqis wishing to return to their coun- maintains offices in eight countries, in addition to try of origin. The Government of the Islamic the one in Israel, where UNHCR has honorary rep- Republic of Iran then sought UNHCR’s assistance resentation. to facilitate the spontaneous return of Iraqis who fall in this category. During the period from August In view of the limited scope for regional integra- to mid-October 1999, some 870 Iraqi Arabs tion and voluntary repatriation, third country returned to Iraq from the Islamic Republic of Iran resettlement remains the only viable lasting solu- with UNHCR’s assistance. Similarly, the decree tion for a large number of refugees in the Middle may have contributed to an increase in the rate East. During 1999, UNHCR enhanced its resettle- of spontaneous returns of refugees from Rafha ment efforts through the Middle East Resettlement Camp in northern Saudi Arabia, since in the first Project. -
Echo Annual Review 2002
COMMISSIONER’S MESSAGE entire generations of uprooted people have only experienced war and exile. We have a duty to help Humanitarian them survive but the international community also needs to give more attention to finding durable long-term solutions. On the other hand, there were principles some positive developments during 2002 which suggest that even apparently intractable crises can be solved. I have already mentioned Angola. In Sri must be Lanka, the peace process also revealed major post- crisis needs but encouragingly, in a context where it was possible to identify the light at the end of the respected tunnel. In Afghanistan, where ECHO was still heavily engaged, the fact that so many people returned home was a good sign although a sustained international effort, especially on longer term re- construction, will be needed for some time before 1 we can say that this crisis is finally over. In the Balkans, the post-crisis consolidation continued, allowing ECHO to make further progress in phasing out its operations, in favour of longer term development instruments put in place by the European Union, as well as by other donors. In 2002, ECHO again paid close attention to “forgotten crises” with significant funding for people whose plight rarely hits the headlines, including Western Saharan, Burmese and Bhutanese refugees, and conflict victims in Nepal, Somalia and Northern François Goemans, ECHO Uganda. As the year drew to a close, and the first Poul Nielson visits a The Humanitarian Aid Office of the European disquieting signals started to appear, ECHO prepared hospital in the Commission (ECHO), which is one of the world’s for the possibility of a major new crisis in Iraq. -
Refugee Economies Rethinking Popular Assumptions
Refugee Economies Rethinking Popular Assumptions Alexander Betts, Louise Bloom, Josiah Kaplan, and Naohiko Omata Refugee Economies: Rethinking Popular Assumptions 1 OH0106-HIP-brochure.indd 1 27/05/2014 14:55 Credit: N.Omata Credit: N.Omata 2 Refugee Economies: Rethinking Popular Assumptions OH0106-HIP-brochure.indd 2 27/05/2014 14:55 Contents Preface 4 Executive Summary 5 Exploring ‘Refugee Economies’ 6 Myth 1 Refugees as Economically Isolated? 10 Myth 2 Refugees as Burden? 16 Myth 3 Refugees as Economically Homogenous? 22 Myth 4 Refugees as Technologically Illiterate? 30 Myth 5 Refugees as Dependent? 36 Recommendations 40 Acknowledgements 44 Published by the Humanitarian Innovation Project, University of Oxford, June 2014. Cover photo: Isangano market in the centre of Nakivale refugee settlement, Uganda. Credit: N.Omata Kagoma weekly market in Kyangwali, Uganda Refugee Economies: Rethinking Popular Assumptions 3 OH0106-HIP-brochure.indd 3 27/05/2014 14:55 Preface In the words of UN High Commissioner for on the economic lives of displaced populations. Refugees, Antonio Guterres, we face ‘the most Existing economic work on refugees tends to focus serious refugee crisis for 20 years’. Recent narrowly on refugee livelihoods or on the impact displacement from Syria, Afghanistan, Iraq, South on host states. Yet, understanding these economic Sudan, and Somalia has increased the number of systems may hold the key to rethinking our entire refugees in the world to 15.4 million. Significantly, approach to refugee assistance. If we can improve some 10.2 million of these people are in protracted our knowledge of the resource allocation systems refugee situations. In other words, they have been in that shape refugees’ lives and opportunities, then limbo for at least 5 years, with an average length of we may be able to understand the mechanisms stay in exile of nearly 20 years. -
THE BROOKINGS INSTITUTION IRAQ at a CROSSROADS with BARHAM SALIH DEPUTY PRIME MINISTER of IRAQ Washington, D.C. Monday, October
THE BROOKINGS INSTITUTION IRAQ AT A CROSSROADS WITH BARHAM SALIH DEPUTY PRIME MINISTER OF IRAQ Washington, D.C. Monday, October 22, 2007 Introduction and Moderator: MARTIN INDYK Senior Fellow and Director, Saban Center for Middle East Policy The Brookings Institution Featured Speaker: BARHAM SALIH Deputy Prime Minister of Iraq * * * * * 2 P R O C E E D I N G S MR. INDYK: Good morning, ladies and gentlemen. Welcome to The Saban Center for Middle East Policy at the Brookings Institution. I'm Martin Indyk, the Director of the Saban Center, and it's my pleasure to introduce this dear friend, Dr. Barham Salih, to you again. I say again because, of course, Barham Salih is a well-known personality in Washington, having served here with distinction representing the patriotic Union of Kurdistan in the 1990s, and, of course, he's been a frequent visitor since he assumed his current position as Deputy Prime Minister of the Republic of Iraq. He has a very distinguished record as a representative of the PUK, and the Kurdistan regional government. He has served as Deputy Prime Minister, first in the Iraqi interim government starting in 2004, and was then successfully elected to the transitional National Assembly during the January 2005 elections and joined the transitional government as Minister of Planning. He was elected again in the elections of December 2005 to the Council of Representatives, which is the Iraqi Permanent Parliament, and was then called upon to join the Iraqi government in May 2006 as Deputy Prime Minister. Throughout this period he has had special responsibility for economic affairs. -
Autumn 2009 Header Right
RSC newSletteR autumn 2009 header right FEATURE Protecting Palestinian children: The role of the international community NEws RSC library move Funding successes Deputy Director’s presentation in China on dispossession and displacement AcTiviTiEs 18 November 2009 annual Harrell-Bond lecture: Jan Egeland International conference: Protecting people in conflict and crisis PUblicatioNs Special issue of Journal of Refugee Studies: Representation and displacement Forced Migration Policy Briefing on Statelessness Studies in Forced Migration book series: looking ahead Forced Migration Review issue 33: Protracted displacement coNFERENcEs, woRkshoPs & sEmiNARs Seminar series: refugee voices RSC conferences International Summer School in Forced Migration 2010 AlUmNi Dr Peter Westoby Kamini Karlekar Anna Cervi NewS Funding successes We are delighted that the Danish Dispossession & Ministry of Foreign Affairs recently committed two million displacement of Danish Kroner to fund Summer mobile peoples School bursaries to support Rsc library participants from the global RSC Deputy Director Dr Dawn move south over the next three years Chatty was invited to give a and to co-fund our conference presentation in July to the XVI The collections of the RSC on Protection held in September. Congress of the International Library were successfully moved We are equally pleased to Union of Anthropological to the Social Science Library have received 50,000 Swiss and Ethnological Sciences in (SSL) on Manor Road in Oxford Francs from the Swiss Federal Kunming, Yunnan, China. As (OX1 3UQ) in August, and are Department of Foreign Affairs Chairman of the Commission Refugee studies centre now available to readers. to co-finance our research on on Nomadic Peoples, she oxford Department of All books have been environmental displacement. -
FMR 16, with Its Researchers, Refugees and Internally Displaced People, Afeature Section on African Displace- and Those Who Work with Them
16 January 2003 review African displacement: roots, resources and resolution published by the Refugee Studies Centre in association with the Norwegian Refugee Council/Global IDP Project NORWEGIAN REFUGEE COUNCIL from the editors Forced Migration Review provides a forum for the regular exchange of practical experience, information and ideas between s we go to print with FMR 16, with its researchers, refugees and internally displaced people, Afeature section on African displace- and those who work with them. It is published in ment: roots, resources and resolution, English, Spanish and Arabic by the Refugee Studies Centre/University of Oxford in association with the we are only too aware of the spreading crisis Global IDP Project/Norwegian Refugee Council. The in southern Africa, the potential for displace- Spanish translation, Revista de Migraciones Forzadas, ment and the scarcity of resources to address is produced by IDEI in Guatemala. the needs. Every crisis, every emergency, Editors underlines the need for organisations and Marion Couldrey & Dr Tim Morris individuals to collaborate ever more closely in Corinne Owen sharing expertise and lessons learned – and to listen to those who are displaced. We Subscriptions Assistant hope that the articles in this issue contribute to this process. Sharon Ellis Forced Migration Review Enclosed with this issue is a copy of id21’s Insights Issue on ‘Responding to displace- Refugee Studies Centre, Queen Elizabeth House, ment: balancing needs and rights’. id21 (www.id21.org) is funded by the Department 21 St Giles, Oxford, OX1 3LA, UK for International Development and hosted by the Institute of Development Studies, Email: [email protected] Tel: +44 (0)1865 280700 • Fax: +44 (0)1865 270721 University of Sussex, UK. -
Civilian Protection in Sri Lanka Under Threat
WORKING PAPER SERIES NO. 58 Civilian protection in Sri Lanka under threat A collection of papers based on presentations given at the September 2009 international conference on Protecting People in Conflict and Crisis: Responding to the Challenges of a Changing World and a follow-up roundtable discussion on Post War Future in Sri Lanka. The conference and roundtable were hosted by the Refugee Studies Centre and respectively organised with the Humanitarian Policy Group at the Overseas Development Institute (HPG) and the Centre for Research on Inequality, Human Security and Ethnicity (CRISE), University of Oxford. The conference was generously supported by the Danish Ministry of Foreign Affairs. January 2010 Refugee Studies Centre Oxford Department of International Development University of Oxford Working Paper Series The Refugee Studies Centre Working Paper Series is intended to aid the rapid distribution of work in progress, research findings and special lectures by researchers and associates of the RSC. Papers aim to stimulate discussion among the worldwide community of scholars, policymakers and practitioners. They are distributed free of charge in PDF format via the RSC website. Bound hard copies of the working papers may also be purchased from the Centre. The opinions expressed in the papers are solely those of the author/s who retain the copyright. They should not be attributed to the project funders or the Refugee Studies Centre, the Oxford Department of International Development or the University of Oxford. Comments on individual Working Papers are welcomed, and should be directed to the author/s. Further details may be found at the RSC website (www.rsc.ox.ac.uk).